Occurrence data used to build species distribution models often include historical records from locations in which the species no longer exists. When these records are paired with contemporary environmental values that no longer represent the conditions the species experienced, the model creates false associations that hurt predictive performance. The extent of mismatching increases with the number of historical occurrences and with inclusion of environmental variables that are prone to change over time. Indeed, the mismatch between occurrence data and contemporaneous environmental variables is a common dilemma when modeling rare or cryptic species, especially those of conservation concern that were once more abundant. Herein, we assess (1) the impact of historical occurrences on model performance across three sets of environmental variables of increasing persistency and (2) the performance of models built using selected-historical occurrences from locations that showed evidence of limited environmental change over time. Concepts are tested on federally listed flatwoods salamanders, reflecting real-world conservation management efforts. We predicted that, compared to other occurrence sets, (1) historical occurrences would perform best with environmental variables that were more persistent, (2) recent occurrences would perform best when the environmental variables were more impersistent, and that (3) our selected-historical occurrences would perform best with a combination of persistent and impersistent variables. Our results showed the expected inversion of model performance of recent and historical occurrences across environmental variables of increasing persistency when evaluated by correct predictions. However, the inversion was not seen in area under the curve performance, in which historical occurrences outperformed recent occurrence models across all variable sets. Selected-historical occurrences did not notably improve performance over all-historical occurrences in any metric or variable set. To maximize utility and performance, modelers could acknowledge potential trade-offs from inclusion of historical occurrences and consider number and age of recent and historical occurrences available, the persistency of environmental variables considered, and how their conservation goals are reflected in model design and evaluation, particularly with respect to sensitivity versus specificity. Our study lends support for inclusion of historical occurrences, with the potential exception of mostly impersistent variables when sensitivity is the highest priority.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3951","usgsCitation":"Bracken, J.T., Davis, A., O’Donnell, K., Barichivich, W., Walls, S., and Jezkova, T., 2022, Maximizing species distribution model performance when using historical occurrences and variables of varying persistency: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 3, e3951, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3951.","productDescription":"e3951, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126905","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3951","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.4619140625,\n 30.391830328088137\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n -85.97900390625,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -84.9462890625,\n 29.516110386062277\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 29.954934549656144\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 29.209713225868185\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 28.786918085420226\n ],\n [\n -83.07861328125,\n 28.013801376380712\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 27.702983735525862\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 28.265682390146477\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 28.555576049185973\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 30.80791068136646\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -79.89257812499999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -78.59619140625,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 32.93492866908233\n ],\n [\n -88.52783203125,\n 31.82156451492074\n ],\n [\n -88.4619140625,\n 30.391830328088137\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bracken, Jason T.","contributorId":289570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bracken","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16608,"text":"Miami University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Amelie Y.","contributorId":289572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Amelie Y.","affiliations":[{"id":16608,"text":"Miami University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Donnell, Katherine M. 0000-0001-9023-174X kmodonnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9023-174X","contributorId":176897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Katherine M.","email":"kmodonnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barichivich, William 0000-0003-1103-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":215988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":3055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":839354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jezkova, Tereza","contributorId":209721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jezkova","given":"Tereza","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16608,"text":"Miami University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70237671,"text":"70237671 - 2022 - Nitrogen enrichment during soil organic matter burning and molecular evidence of maillard reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-18T12:10:10.750448","indexId":"70237671","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-09T07:05:45","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen enrichment during soil organic matter burning and molecular evidence of maillard reactions","docAbstract":"Wildfires in forested watersheds dramatically alter stored and labile soil organic matter (SOM) pools and the export of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Ecosystem recovery after wildfires depends on soil microbial communities and revegetation and therefore is limited by the availability of nutrients, such as nitrogen-containing and labile, water-soluble compounds. However, SOM byproducts produced at different wildfire intensities are poorly understood, leading to difficulties in assessing wildfire severity and predicting ecosystem recovery. In this work, water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from laboratory microcosms of soil burned at discrete temperatures was characterized by ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to study the impacts of fire temperature on SOM and DOM composition. The molecular composition derived from different burn temperatures indicated that nitrogen-containing byproducts were enriched with heating and composed of a wide range of aromatic features and oxidation states. Mass difference-based analysis also suggested that products formed during heating could be modeled using transformations along the Maillard reaction pathway. The enrichment of N-containing SOM and DOM at different soil burning intensities has important implications for ecosystem recovery and downstream water quality.
We created a 270-m coupled model of land-use and groundwater conditions, LUCAS-W[ater], for California’s Central Coast. This groundwater-dependent region is undergoing a dramatic reorganization of groundwater management under California’s 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA).
Understanding land-use and land-cover change supports long-term sustainable water management. Anthropogenic water demand has depleted groundwater aquifers worldwide, while future water shortages will likely affect land-use change, creating system feedbacks. Our novel participatory approach fused changes in land-use and associated water use from county-scale data to local water agencies’ estimates of total sustainable supply, scaling up local hydro-geologic knowledge from heterogeneous aquifers and diverse management approaches to a regional level. We assessed five stakeholder-driven scenarios with the same historic rates of urban and agricultural land-use change, but different water and land-use management, analyzing how management strategies altered both the spatial pattern of development and subsequent water sustainability from 2001 to 2061.
Transformative strategies using demand-side interventions that coupled water availability to land-use more effectively achieved long-term sustainability than adaptive strategies using supply-side interventions to increase water supplies. Limiting water withdrawals within SGMA regulated basins resulted in leakage of development into unregulated basins, increasing groundwater pumping there. Protecting ecosystems, farmlands, and recharge areas from development reduced leakage into undeveloped basins without negatively affecting water sustainability.
Gas hydrates are found in significant quantities on the North Slope of Alaska in subpermafrost sand units and intermixed in lower portions of permafrost within the hydrate stability window. While conventional surface seismic data and established imaging methods can indicate the presence of gas hydrate reservoirs, producing high-resolution images of (seismically) thin layers remains challenging due to the preferential attenuation of the higher-frequency data components. An alternative strategy is to use distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) involving cementing optical fibers into boreholes to measure seismic wavefield energy closer to the strata of interest using vertical seismic profiling (VSP). DAS VSP imaging takes advantage of the shorter travel paths and reduced attenuation to generate higher-resolution near-well images. We illustrate these benefits on a DAS VSP data set acquired at the Hydrate-01 stratigraphic test well located in the Prudhoe Bay Unit of Alaska where significant gas hydrate deposits have been detected in two subpermafrost sand layers that are intended for long-duration production testing. Our DAS data preprocessing workflow effectively isolates the upgoing compressional-wave (P-wave) reflections required for subsurface acoustic imaging. After applying three-dimensional (3-D) tomography to improve the quality of the 3-D migration velocity model, we use 3-D reverse-time migration (RTM) to develop high-quality images of the two target sands and minor near-well faulting. We validate our RTM images through highly accurate well-ties with previously acquired petrophysical log data. This study demonstrates that combining 3-D RTM imaging with DAS VSP data provides significant value to gas hydrate and similar projects, and it suggests that more advanced inversion approaches such as (elastic) least-squares RTM could recover higher-resolution and more quantitative estimates of subsurface reflectivity, which would be valuable for refining the understanding of gas hydrate systems.
Idaho may be popular for potatoes, but the State’s richness also lies in its scenery and natural resources. Its terrain varies from mountains, rivers, and waterfalls to forests, volcanic rock, and hot springs. A growing population gives Idaho even more reason to use the best information available to serve the needs of its residents while wisely managing its environment and natural resources.
Soon after the first Landsat satellite launched, Idaho recognized how useful its data could be. In 1975, the Idaho Department of Water Resources started using data from Landsat 1 and has since used data from every subsequent Landsat satellite.
Here is a closer look at Landsat as a key tool for monitoring water, along with other examples of Landsat’s value to Idaho.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223013","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2022, Idaho and Landsat (ver. 1.1, January 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022–3013, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223013.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-126131","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3013/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":411842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3013/fs20223013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2022–3013"},{"id":411843,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication 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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 8, 2022; Version 1.1: January 23, 2023","contact":"Program Coordinator, National Land Imaging Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Releases of water from Flaming Gorge Dam together with climate-related variations in runoff determine the streamflow regime of the Green River, which affects the physical characteristics of the channel and riparian ecosystem of the Green River corridor in Canyonlands National Park. The dam has decreased peak streamflows and raised base streamflows, resulting in vegetation encroachment and channel narrowing and simplification, which could be detrimental to endangered fish habitats over time. Operations of Flaming Gorge Dam are in part determined by flow recommendations provided by the Upper Colorado River Basin Endangered Fish Recovery Program that are designed to benefit native fish and disadvantage nonnative fish. These recommendations alone may not be sufficient to prevent channel narrowing and simplification. Increases in base flows may contribute to channel narrowing and simplification by increasing the water available to riparian vegetation and reducing the water volume available for increasing peak-flow magnitude or duration This report describes how proposed revisions to these flow recommendations would affect the physical characteristics of the Green River corridor in Canyonlands National Park, with a focus on riparian vegetation and channel width.
Hydrologic conditions for the Green River downstream from Flaming Gorge Dam are classified by the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation as dry, moderately dry, average, moderately wet, or wet. The flow recommendations for peak-flow magnitude and duration in wet years are consistent with geomorphic objectives and historical post-dam flows. In moderately wet years, although the recommended peaks may be sufficient to prevent narrowing over the short term, these peaks are lower than historical post-dam peak flows for moderately wet years and could therefore allow reduction in the occasional large peaks necessary to maintain sediment mobility and channel complexity. For average and drier years, the recommendations allow, but do not require, peak-flow magnitude and durations that are likely to achieve geomorphic objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Canyonlands National Park","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., Friedman, J.M., Dean, D.J., and Topping, D.J., 2022, The effects of requested flows for native fish on sediment dynamics, geomorphology, and riparian vegetation for the Green River in Canyonlands National Park, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1019, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221019.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126163","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501764,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112531.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396864,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1019/ofr20221019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1019/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Green River, Canyonlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.4730224609375,\n 38.19502155795575\n ],\n [\n -109.64630126953125,\n 38.19502155795575\n ],\n [\n -109.64630126953125,\n 39.1833042481843\n ],\n [\n -110.4730224609375,\n 39.1833042481843\n ],\n [\n -110.4730224609375,\n 38.19502155795575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created a virtual training series for the Afghanistan Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW), now known as the National Water Affairs Regulation Authority (NWARA), to provide critical hydrological training as an alternative to an in-person training. The USGS was scheduled to provide in-person surface-water training for NWARA during 2020; however, travel was halted because of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) pandemic. The virtual training consisted of prerecorded and live presentations that were scheduled during 4 weeks in August 2021. However, the training was halted after the second week due to the collapse of the Afghan Government. Fortunately, the prerecorded presentations and training materials were delivered before the trainings were halted, so they can be viewed or shared by the participants in the future. A benefit to having produced prerecorded trainings is that USGS can leverage or adapt the trainings for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) involved in humanitarian water relief efforts in Afghanistan or can be used for other international training efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Groten, J.T., Valder, J.F., Densmore, B.K., Neal, L.W., Krahulik, J., and Mack, T.J., 2022, Virtual training prepared for the former Afghanistan Ministry of Energy and Water—Streamgaging, fluvial sediment sampling, bathymetry, and streamflow and sediment modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022–3014, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223014.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-137256","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":396850,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/fs20223014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"545 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2022-3014"},{"id":396851,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/fs20223014.XML"},{"id":396854,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/images"}],"contact":"Director, Office of International Programs
U.S. Geological Survey
411 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Many grass-dominated ecosystems in dryland regions have experienced increasing woody plant density and abundance during the past century. In many cases, this process has led to land degradation and declines in ecosystem functions. An example is the Chihuahuan Desert in the southwestern United States, which experienced different stages of shrub encroachment in the past 150 years. Among a wide variety of mechanisms to explain the grass–shrub transitions in this dryland system, soil erosion (both wind and water) and fire are particularly well studied. Here, we synthesize recent developments on the drivers and feedback in the process of shrub encroachment in the Chihuahuan Desert through the intercomparison of two Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites, namely Jornada and Sevilleta. Experimental and modeling studies support a conceptual framework, which underscores the important roles of erosion and fire in woody plant encroachment. Collectively, research at the Jornada LTER provided complementary, quantitative support to the well-known fertile-islands framework. Studies at the Sevilleta LTER expanded the framework, adding fire as a major disturbance to woody plants. Conceptual models derived from the synthesis represent the general understanding of shrub encroachment that emerged from research at these two sites, and can guide management interventions aimed at reducing or mitigating undesirable ecosystem state change in many other drylands worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3949","usgsCitation":"Li, J., Ravi, S., Wang, G., Van Pelt, R.S., Gill, T.E., and Sankey, J., 2022, Woody plant encroachment of grassland and the reversibility of shrub dominance: Erosion, fire, and feedback processes: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 3, e3949, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3949.","productDescription":"e3949, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124265","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3949","text":"External Repository"},{"id":402103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Pelt, R. Scott","contributorId":195937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Pelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gill, Thomas E.","contributorId":255127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":261248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70261239,"text":"70261239 - 2022 - Porewater chemistry of Louisiana marshes with contrasting salinities and its implications for coastal acidification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-03T14:50:44.967419","indexId":"70261239","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-08T08:46:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porewater chemistry of Louisiana marshes with contrasting salinities and its implications for coastal acidification","docAbstract":"Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) are fundamental components of carbonate systems that control pH and buffering capacity of the receiving water body. Three coastal marshes with contrasting salinities in Barataria Basin, Louisiana, USA, were sampled to understand seasonal changes in porewater carbonate chemistry and its impact on surrounding water bodies. Each marsh was sampled five times between December 2018 and October 2019. Porewater DIC and TA increased with depth irrespective of marsh type and ranged from 4.47 to 31.61 mmol/kg and from 1.78 to 28.56 mmol/kg, respectively. The salt marsh had higher porewater DIC and TA compared to the lower salinity intermediate and brackish marshes, probably due to sulfate reduction in the salt marsh. However, it is likely that denitrification is the dominant anaerobic process in these marshes because of low porewater TA/DIC ratios in all three marshes. Porewater TA and DIC concentrations were generally higher during warmer months than colder months. However, the marsh flooding regime had a profound influence on TA and DIC concentrations by changing the redox potential of the marsh soil. Porewater TA/DIC ratios in all three marshes were generally less than 1, while surface water TA/DIC ratios were around 1, suggesting that export of DIC and TA from coastal marshes have the potential to contribute to coastal acidification.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107801","usgsCitation":"He, S., Maiti, K., Swarzenski, C., Elsey-Quirk, T., Groseclose, G., and Justic, D., 2022, Porewater chemistry of Louisiana marshes with contrasting salinities and its implications for coastal acidification: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 268, 107801, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107801.","productDescription":"107801, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129955","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107801","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.51557968720905,\n 29.830792799196345\n ],\n [\n -90.51557968720905,\n 29.234933229173492\n ],\n [\n -89.75416975401312,\n 29.234933229173492\n ],\n [\n -89.75416975401312,\n 29.830792799196345\n ],\n [\n -90.51557968720905,\n 29.830792799196345\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"268","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, Songjie","contributorId":329472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"Songjie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maiti, Kanchan","contributorId":316257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maiti","given":"Kanchan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher 0000-0001-9843-1471","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":222381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elsey-Quirk, Tracy","contributorId":214099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elsey-Quirk","given":"Tracy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13050,"text":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Groseclose, Gina 0000-0003-2546-7099","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2546-7099","contributorId":346865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groseclose","given":"Gina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83002,"text":"Contractor, Dept of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Justic, Dubravko","contributorId":346866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Justic","given":"Dubravko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83003,"text":"Dept of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70234274,"text":"70234274 - 2022 - Patterns of parental care and movement in divided broods of golden-winged warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-08T12:06:39.630097","indexId":"70234274","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-08T07:03:35","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of parental care and movement in divided broods of golden-winged warblers","docAbstract":"Post-fledging brood division is a poorly understood, yet widespread suite of avian behaviours that includes both division of parental care and spatial division of a brood. For most species, the differences in parental care between adult males and females and the behavioural mechanisms explaining spatial patterns of brood division are unknown. We studied brood division in golden-winged warblers Vermivora chrysoptera to describe the spatial and behavioural characteristics of brood division and assess hypotheses describing the potential benefits of brood division. Female golden-winged warblers are known to travel farther from their nests than males within the post-fledging period, although the mechanism resulting in this spatial pattern is unknown. From 2010 to 2012, we monitored radio-marked golden-winged warbler fledglings from fledging until independence from adult care at three sites in the western Great Lakes region of North America. We observed no significant differences in provisioning, parental attendance, daily distance traveled and fledgling begging between male- and female-reared sub-broods. We also did not observe a relationship between parental sex and fledgling sex or mass. However, female-reared sub-broods exhibited a unique period of relatively consistent directional movement on days 8–10 after fledging, which resulted in females traveling farther from the nests than males. Our observations were not fully consistent with any previously proposed hypotheses about the benefits of brood division. Brood division is a complex behaviour that may have a suite of benefits, including predation defense and provisioning efficiency, that are not fully understood.
Megathrust earthquakes and their associated tsunamis cause some of the worst natural disasters. In addition to earthquakes, a wide range of slip behaviors are present at subduction zones, including slow earthquakes that span multiple orders of spatial and temporal scales. Understanding these events may shed light on the stress or strength conditions of the megathrust fault. Out of all types of slow earthquakes, very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) are most enigmatic because they are difficult to detect reliably, and the physical nature of VLFEs are poorly understood. Here we show three VLFEs in Cascadia that were dynamically triggered by a 2009 Mw 6.9 Canal de Ballenas earthquake in the Gulf of California. The VLFEs likely locate in between the seismogenic zone and the Cascadia episodic tremor and slip (ETS) zone, including one event with a moment magnitude of 5.7. This is the largest VLFE reported to date, causing clear geodetic signals. Our results show that the Cascadia megathrust fault might slip rapidly at some spots in this gap zone, and such a permissible slip behavior has direct seismic hazard implications for coastal communities and perhaps further inland. Further, the observed seismic sources may represent a new class of slip events, whose characteristics do not fit current understandings of slow or regular earthquakes.
Aquatic pathogens are a major concern for fish hatchery production, fisheries management, and conservation, and disease control needs to be addressed. Two important salmonid pathogens are Myxobolus cerebralis and Flavobacterium psychrophilum that cause whirling disease and bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), respectively. Innate disease resistance is a potential option for reducing disease-related mortality in hatchery-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Two experiments were conducted to assess pathogen resistance of first-generation (F1) rainbow trout created by crossing M. cerebralis- and F. psychrophilum-resistant strains. In the first experiment, we exposed two rainbow trout strains and one F1 cross to six treatments: control (no exposure), mock injection, F. psychrophilum only, M. cerebralis only, F. psychrophilum then M. cerebralis, and M. cerebralis then F. psychrophilum. Results indicated that the F1 cross was not resistant to either pathogen. In the second experiment, we exposed five rainbow trout strains and four rainbow trout crosses to F. psychrophilum. The second experiment indicated that at least one rainbow trout cross was F. psychrophilum-resistant. Achieving dual resistance may be possible using selective breeding but only some multigenerational strains are suitable candidates for further evaluation.
Detrital zircon U-Pb studies of mudstone provenance are rare but may preferentially fingerprint distal zircon sources. To examine this issue, Pierre Shale and Trinidad Sandstone deposited in a Late Cretaceous deltaic environment in the Raton Basin, Colorado (USA), were measured for detrital zircon U-Pb age by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Two major detrital zircon age peaks at ca. 70 and 1690 Ma are found in both Pierre Shale and Trinidad Sandstone but in inversely varying proportions: 68% and 16%, respectively, for the finest zircon fraction (~15–35 μm) in the shale, and 25% and 32%, respectively, for the coarsest zircon fraction (~60–80 μm) in the sandstone. Proximal sources in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, directly west of the Raton Basin, contain coarse-grained, ca. 1690 Ma zircon, whereas distal sources in Laramide uplifts and basins in Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona contain fine-grained, ca. 70 Ma zircon. The results indicate that U-Pb zircon provenance of mudstone reflects availability of volcanic and other fine-grained source rocks rather than simply distal sources. U-Pb zircon provenance studies should routinely include mudstone units because these units may identify fine-grained zircon sources more reliably than sandstones alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/G49684.1","usgsCitation":"Sylvester, P., Souders, A., and Liu, R., 2022, Significance of U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology for mudstone provenance: Geology, v. 50, no. 6, p. 670-675, https://doi.org/10.1130/G49684.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"670","endPage":"675","ipdsId":"IP-133330","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g49684.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, 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\"}}]}","volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sylvester, Paul 0000-0003-0741-0574","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-0574","contributorId":351483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sylvester","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Souders, Amanda 0000-0002-1367-8924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-8924","contributorId":296423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souders","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Rui 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by the opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana","docAbstract":"The freshwater opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana can undergo extensive diel vertical migration (DVM) to feed in shallow, prey rich strata at night. Bright moonlight limits their night-time migration presumably due to predator avoidance. Using a linked, foraging-bioenergetics model, we evaluated the cost of avoiding predators by simulating the effects of prey density, water temperature, and light intensity on daily feeding and growth of M. diluviana in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, USA. We found that when mysid distribution was not limited by moonlight intensity, simulated food consumption (10.3 J day−1) increased 1.6-fold compared to estimated consumption (6.1 J day−1) based on their observed, vertical distribution. Moreover, simulated growth of mysids (0.61 mg day−1) increased 74% compared to that estimated from observed distribution patterns (0.35 mg day−1), when they were located in deeper, darker strata. Given recent insights into partial DVM by M. diluviana, we note that proximate factors associated with predator avoidance in pelagic (light availability) and benthic (hunger level, body size and reproductive status) habitats may convey complimentary benefits to M. diluviana fitness by reducing predation mortality and increasing metabolic efficiency.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10750-022-04832-w","usgsCitation":"Chipps, S.R., Bennett, D., Deslauriers, D., and Rudstam, L., 2022, The cost of avoiding predators: A bioenergetic analysis of diel vertical migration by the opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana: Hydrobiologia, v. 849, p. 1871-1884, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04832-w.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1871","endPage":"1884","ipdsId":"IP-127536","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pend Oreille","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.67324526551994,\n 48.40859279963456\n ],\n [\n -116.67324526551994,\n 47.92834413614517\n ],\n [\n -116.14169467852497,\n 47.92834413614517\n ],\n [\n -116.14169467852497,\n 48.40859279963456\n ],\n [\n -116.67324526551994,\n 48.40859279963456\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"849","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, David H.","contributorId":349207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"David H.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deslauriers, David","contributorId":349208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deslauriers","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":36676,"text":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":349209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70229523,"text":"70229523 - 2022 - Draft genome sequence of a novel calicivirus from a brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T16:59:06.426979","indexId":"70229523","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-07T15:54:27","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5813,"text":"Microbiology Resource Announcements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Draft genome sequence of a novel calicivirus from a brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec","title":"Draft genome sequence of a novel calicivirus from a brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec","docAbstract":"Some jurisdictions in the eastern United States have reduced harvest of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) because of perceived declines in recruitment and population size over the last decade. Although the restoration of American black bears (Ursus americanus) and the colonization of coyotes (Canis latrans) have increased fawn predation in some areas, limited information exists on how temporally dynamic resources and weather influence fawn survival. Therefore, we evaluated fawn survival probability, cause specific mortality, and if factors such as oak (Quercus spp.) mast abundance, winter severity, precipitation, and landscape composition influenced mortality risk on Marine Corps Base Quantico in northern Virginia, USA, from 2008 to 2019. We tracked 248 fawns outfitted with very high frequency radio-collars and predation was the leading cause of mortality (n = 42; 45%). We estimated survival to 133 days and survival pooling all years (2008–2019) was 0.50 (95% CI = 0.42–0.60). Increased annual red oak (Quercus spp.) mast abundance from the previous fall reduced mortality hazard for fawns. The longevity of our study revealed a link between fawn survival and a specific maternal resource (red oak mast) only available during gestation. Our results highlight the importance of oak mast in eastern deciduous forests and, more broadly, overwinter maternal condition on white-tailed deer recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22180","usgsCitation":"Aubin, G., Nye, C., Rohm, J., Stamps, R., Ford, W., and Cherry, M., 2022, Survival of white-tailed deer fawns on Marine Corps Base Quantico: The Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 86, no. 3, e22180, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22180.","productDescription":"e22180, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123154","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22180","text":"External Repository"},{"id":466015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Marine Corps Base Quantico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.525,\n 38.675\n ],\n [\n -77.525,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77.275,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77.275,\n 38.675\n ],\n [\n -77.525,\n 38.675\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aubin, Gisele R.","contributorId":347865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aubin","given":"Gisele R.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nye, Christa C.","contributorId":347866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nye","given":"Christa C.","affiliations":[{"id":54576,"text":"DoD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rohm, John H.","contributorId":347867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rohm","given":"John H.","affiliations":[{"id":54576,"text":"DoD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stamps, R.T.","contributorId":347868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stamps","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[{"id":54576,"text":"DoD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":922701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cherry, Michael J.","contributorId":342702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cherry","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":81913,"text":"Texas A&M University - Kingsville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70229424,"text":"fs20223007 - 2022 - Landslides in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-08T11:38:53.884802","indexId":"fs20223007","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-07T11:28:04","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-3007","displayTitle":"Landslides in Minnesota","title":"Landslides in Minnesota","docAbstract":"Landslides in Minnesota have caused loss of life, damaged infrastructure, and negatively affected Minnesota’s natural resources. Landslides increase the amount of sediment contributed to lakes and rivers, with negative consequences for water quality and aquatic habitats. Recent mapping reveals that landslide susceptible areas within Minnesota primarily occur on steep slopes adjacent to rivers, lakes, and transportation corridors. Local variation in landslide susceptibility is related to the underlying geology and glacial history.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Duluth; Freshwater Society; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Wisconsin-Superior; Gustavus Adolphus College; Winona State University; Minnesota State University, Mankato; St. Thomas University; and North Dakota State University","usgsCitation":"DeLong, S.B., Jennings, C.E., and Gran, K.B., 2022, Landslides in Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022-3007, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223007.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-134166","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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\"}}]}","contact":"Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif.
Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Species distributions are governed by processes occurring at multiple spatial scales. For species with complex life cycles, the needs of all life stages must be met within the dispersal limitations of the species. Multi-scale processes can be particularly important for these species, where small-scale patterns in specific habitat components can affect the distribution of one life stage, whereas large-scale patterns in land cover might better explain the distribution of other life stages. Using a conditional multi-scale model, we evaluated which aspects of the landscape and local environment are most strongly related to occupancy patterns of western spadefoots (Spea hammondii). In northern and central California, the proportion of grassland land cover within 2 km of a site was positively related to the occurrence of the northern clade of the western spadefoot. At the pond scale, we found that western spadefoots were more likely to breed in pools with lower pH. Our results indicate that protecting remaining grasslands for adult spadefoots and ensuring multiple pools with diverse characteristics and hydroperiods so at least some pools result in successful breeding will likely be necessary to conserve western spadefoots, especially with a changing climate. Considering the processes that affect species distributions at multiple life stages and spatial scales is an essential component of effective conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3960","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Rose, J.P., Clark, D., Kleeman, P.M., and Fisher, R., 2022, Multi-scale patterns in occurrence of an ephemeral pool-breeding amphibian: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 3, e3960, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3960.","productDescription":"e3960, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127818","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3960","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E1SP64","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Western Spadefoot Survey Data in Northern and Central California (2019)"},{"id":397856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 33.46810795527896\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Jonathan P. 0000-0003-0874-9166 jprose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9166","contributorId":199339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Jonathan","email":"jprose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Denise 0000-0002-9688-2946 drclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-2946","contributorId":213957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Denise","email":"drclark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70229415,"text":"70229415 - 2022 - Comparison of electrofishing and PIT antennas for detection of hatchery-reared Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) stocked into a desert stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-07T14:53:31.825137","indexId":"70229415","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-07T08:39:50","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2530,"text":"Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of electrofishing and PIT antennas for detection of hatchery-reared Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) stocked into a desert stream","title":"Comparison of electrofishing and PIT antennas for detection of hatchery-reared Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) stocked into a desert stream","docAbstract":"Stocking of rare native fishes for conservation purposes is a common practice in the southwestern United States. Monitoring typically occurs after hatchery-reared fish are released to assess post-stocking movement and survival. We conducted a two-year study, in which tow-barge electrofishing and portable, flat-bed passive integrated transponder (PIT) antennas were used to monitor PIT-tagged, hatchery-reared roundtail chub (Gila robusta) following release into the upper Verde River in Arizona. Specifically, our study aimed to compare the performance of PIT antennas and electrofishing in detecting PIT tagged fish released in a small desert river and to examine the behavioral response of hatchery-reared roundtail chub after stocking. In both years, more fish were detected by antenna arrays (84%) than by electrofishing (30%). roundtail chub were significantly more likely to be detected by antennas than electrofishing each year; however, when antenna data were evaluated only during the few days in which electrofishing took place, there was no significant difference (Year 1, p=0.1784; Year 2, p=0.6295) in detection between gear types for the same time interval, suggesting that electrofishing and antennas are equally likely to detect fish during 48-72 hour time frames. Within 72 hours of release, antennas detected 100% of fish that moved upstream and 93.8% of fish that moved downstream from the stocking location. Overall, less than half (45.6% in Year 1; 41.1% in Year 2) of the stocked roundtail chub were detected using both methods in both years. Utilization of both active capture gear (electrofishing) and passive gear (antennae) had advantages over monitoring with a single method. PIT antennae can be especially useful for managers who lack the personnel or time to implement more intensive methods of capture but want to monitor post-stocking movement and survival of stocked fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arizona-Nevada Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.2181/036.049.0209","usgsCitation":"Tennant, L.A., Ward, D., and Gibb, A.C., 2022, Comparison of electrofishing and PIT antennas for detection of hatchery-reared Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) stocked into a desert stream: Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, v. 49, no. 2, p. 116-126, https://doi.org/10.2181/036.049.0209.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-099559","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2181/036.049.0209","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99PGQGL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hatchery-reared Roundtail Chub Data, Arizona USA"},{"id":396785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Verde River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.47227668762206,\n 34.85346724741666\n ],\n [\n -112.39751815795898,\n 34.85346724741666\n ],\n [\n -112.39751815795898,\n 34.87565098440711\n ],\n [\n -112.47227668762206,\n 34.87565098440711\n ],\n [\n -112.47227668762206,\n 34.85346724741666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tennant, Laura A. 0000-0003-0062-7287 ltennant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-7287","contributorId":5984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennant","given":"Laura","email":"ltennant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David 0000-0002-3355-0637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-0637","contributorId":216231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibb, Alice C.","contributorId":207521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibb","given":"Alice","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70229393,"text":"70229393 - 2022 - Deep learning detection and recognition of spot elevations on historic topographic maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-07T14:39:01.222238","indexId":"70229393","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-07T08:33:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5738,"text":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep learning detection and recognition of spot elevations on historic topographic maps","docAbstract":"Some information contained in historical topographic maps has yet to be captured digitally, which limits the ability to automatically query such data. For example, U.S. Geological Survey’s historical topographic map collection (HTMC) displays millions of spot elevations at locations that were carefully chosen to best represent the terrain at the time. Although research has attempted to reproduce these data points, it has proven inadequate to automatically detect and recognize spot elevations in the HTMC. We propose a deep learning workflow pretrained using large benchmark text datasets. To these datasets we add manually crafted training image/label pairs, and test how many are required to improve prediction accuracy. We find that the initial model, pretrained solely with benchmark data, fails to predict any HTMC spot elevations correctly, whereas the addition of just 50 custom image/label pairs increases the predictive ability by ~50%, and the inclusion of 350 data pairs increased performance by ~80%. Data augmentation in the form of rotation, scaling and translation (offset) expanded the size and diversity of the training dataset and vastly improved recognition accuracy up to ~95%. Visualization methods, such as heat map generation and salient feature detection are recommended to better understand why some predictions fail.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.804155","usgsCitation":"Arundel, S., Morgan, T.P., and Thiem, P.T., 2022, Deep learning detection and recognition of spot elevations on historic topographic maps: Frontiers in Environmental Science, v. 10, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.804155.","productDescription":"804155, 10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-129409","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.804155","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chiang, Yao-Yi","contributorId":288084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiang","given":"Yao-Yi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837350,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Arundel, Samantha T. 0000-0002-4863-0138 sarundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4863-0138","contributorId":192598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Samantha","email":"sarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Trenton P.","contributorId":287989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"Trenton","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":61682,"text":"Rolla, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thiem, Philip T. 0000-0002-3324-2589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-2589","contributorId":287990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiem","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70230446,"text":"70230446 - 2022 - Warming in the upper San Francisco Estuary: Patterns of water temperature change from five decades of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-01T15:16:59.494274","indexId":"70230446","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-07T06:34:28","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Warming in the upper San Francisco Estuary: Patterns of water temperature change from five decades of data","docAbstract":"Temperature is a key controlling variable from subcellular to ecosystem scales. Thus, climatic warming is expected to have broad impacts, especially in economically and ecologically valuable systems such as estuaries. The heavily managed upper San Francisco Estuary supplies water to millions of people and is home to fish species of high conservation, commercial, and recreational interest. Despite a long monitoring record (> 50 yr), we do not yet know how water temperatures have already changed or how trends vary spatially or seasonally. We fit generalized additive models on an integrated database of discrete water temperature observations to estimate long-term trends with spatio-seasonal variability. We found that water temperatures have increased 0.017°C yr−1 on average over the past 50 yr. Rates of temperature change have varied over time, but warming was predominant. Temperature increases were most widespread in the late-fall to winter (November to February) and mid-spring (April to June), coinciding with the winter development of juvenile Chinook salmon and spring spawning window of the endangered delta smelt. Warming was fastest in the northern regions, a key fish migration corridor with important tidal wetland habitat. However, no long-term temperature trends were detected in October and were only observed in some regions in May, July, and August. These results can help identify optimal areas for restoration or refugia to buffer the effects of a warming climate, and the methods can be leveraged to understand the spatiotemporal variability in climate warming patterns in other aquatic systems.
Grasslands and shrublands exhibit pronounced spatial and temporal variability in structure and function with differences in phenology that can be difficult to observe. Unpiloted aerial vehicles (UAVs) can measure vegetation spectral patterns relatively cheaply and repeatably at fine spatial resolution. We tested the ability of UAVs to measure phenological variability within vegetation functional groups and to improve classification accuracy at two sites in Montana, U.S.A. We tested four flight frequencies during the growing season. Classification accuracy based on reference data increased by 5–10% between a single flight and scenarios including all conducted flights. Accuracy increased from 50.6% to 61.4% at the drier site, while at the more mesic/densely vegetated site, we found an increase of 59.0% to 64.4% between a single and multiple flights over the growing season. Peak green-up varied by 2–4 weeks within the scenes, and sparse vegetation classes had only a short detectable window of active phtosynthesis; therefore, a single flight could not capture all vegetation that was active across the growing season. The multi-temporal analyses identified differences in the seasonal timing of green-up and senescence within herbaceous and sagebrush classes. Multiple UAV measurements can identify the fine-scale phenological variability in complex mixed grass/shrub vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs14051290","usgsCitation":"Wood, D.J., Preston, T.M., Powell, S., and Stoy, P.C., 2022, Multiple UAV flights across the growing season can characterize fine scale phenological heterogeneity within and among vegetation functional groups: Remote Sensing, v. 14, 1290, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051290.","productDescription":"1290, 28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135792","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96848FL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"UAV based vegetation classification results and input NDVI, vegetation height, and texture datasets for two Montana rangeland sites in 2018"},{"id":401978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.07403564453124,\n 44.78573392716592\n ],\n [\n -111.49749755859375,\n 44.78573392716592\n ],\n [\n -111.49749755859375,\n 45.592900208269825\n ],\n [\n -113.07403564453124,\n 45.592900208269825\n ],\n [\n -113.07403564453124,\n 44.78573392716592\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, David J. A. 0000-0003-4315-5160 dwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4315-5160","contributorId":177588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"David","email":"dwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Preston, Todd M. 0000-0002-8812-9233","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-9233","contributorId":204676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Scott","contributorId":192347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoy, Paul C.","contributorId":204157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoy","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242758,"text":"70242758 - 2022 - Shallow faulting and folding in the epicentral area of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T11:49:27.421928","indexId":"70242758","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-06T06:44:26","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow faulting and folding in the epicentral area of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake","docAbstract":"The moment magnitude (
Annual bank erosion was measured at multiple cross sections along the free-flowing meandering Powder River in the western United States from 1979 through 2019. Bank erosion was separated into two components—above water and underwater erosion. Above water erosion was measured as the annual bank retreat rate (0–15.4 m y−1). Underwater erosion rate (0–47 m3 m−1 y−1) was calculated as the volume eroded below the water level corresponding to the dominant annual peak discharge, Qp. This paper focuses primarily on the underwater erosion. A total of 491 annual erosion rates were calculated for 23 bank sites along a 90-km study reach in southeastern Montana. Sites were not just hotspots for bank erosion but represent the spectra of variables such as the radius of curvature divided by channel width, R/w (2–86), the peak discharge, Qp (22.7–314 m3 s−1), and the bank orientation (0–360°).
Local annual bank erosion was extremely variable in time and space. It was episodic and unsynchronized along the study reach with the maximum annual bank erosion occurring in different years at different bank sites. The composite probability distribution of all 491 annual bank erosion rates was best modeled by a zero-adjusted Weibull distribution. Individual probability distributions for each of the 23 sites were all different from each other and from the composite distribution highlighting the extreme variability. The correlation of the annual underwater erosion with channel geometry and bank variables was low (R2 < 0.31) but the correlation was higher for peak discharge with 25% of the sites having R2 > 0.50.
Time-averaging reduced the variability at each site and when grouped into five peak-discharge classes each class was correlated with R/w as a power law with an exponent of about −1. Reach-averaging also reduced the variability for each year, and when grouped by bank orientation (north-, east-, south-, and west-facing), bank erosion was linearly related to Qp with south- and west-facing orientations having about twice as much erosion per unit discharge (0.030 m3 m−1 y−1/m3 s−1) than north- and east-facing orientations.
Bank erosion was found to be not just a multi-variate complex process with little correlation and high variability that suggests randomness, but also a process that was a function of a different combinations of variables at different sites at the same time. However, this high variability was reduced by time- and reach-averaging, which produced predictable results analogous to the central limit theorem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108134","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., 2022, The effects of discharge and bank orientation on the annual riverbank erosion along Powder River in Montana, USA: Geomorphology, v. 403, 108134, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108134.","productDescription":"108134, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128404","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Powder River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.1060780230682,\n 44.99730993309305\n ],\n [\n -105.34780716843096,\n 44.99730993309305\n ],\n [\n -105.34780716843096,\n 45.476708847648894\n ],\n [\n -106.1060780230682,\n 45.476708847648894\n ],\n [\n -106.1060780230682,\n 44.99730993309305\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"403","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}