{"pageNumber":"400","pageRowStart":"9975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":29351,"text":"wri964296 - 1997 - Hydrologic conditions and hazards in the Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T21:37:47.705135","indexId":"wri964296","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4296","title":"Hydrologic conditions and hazards in the Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"McCarthy, Alaska, is on the Kennicott River, about 1 mile from the terminus of Kennicott Glacier in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Most visitors to McCarthy and the park cross the West Fork Kennicott River using a hand-pulled tram and cross the East Fork Kennicott River on a temporary footbridge. Outburst floods from glacier-dammed lakes result in channel erosion, aggradation, and migration of the Kennicott River, which disrupt transportation links, destroy property, and threaten life. Hidden Creek Lake, the largest of six glacier-dammed lakes in the Kennicott River Basin, has annual outbursts that cause the largest floods on the Kennicott River. Outbursts from Hidden Creek Lake occur from early fall to mid-summer, and lake levels at the onset of the outbursts have declined between 1909 and 1995. Criteria for impending outbursts for Hidden Creek Lake include lake stage near or above 3,000 to 3,020 feet, stationary or declining lake stage, evidence of recent calving of large ice blocks from the ice margin, slush ice and small icebergs stranded on the lakeshore, and fresh fractures in the ice-margin region. \r\n\r\nThe lower Kennicott Glacier has thinned and retreated since about 1860. The East and West Fork Kennicott River channels migrated in response to changes in the lower Kennicott Glacier. The largest channel changes occur during outburst floods from Hidden Creek Lake, whereas channel changes from the other glacier-dammed lake outbursts are small. Each year, the West Fork Kennicott River conveys a larger percentage of the Kennicott Glacier drainage than it did the previous year.\r\n\r\nOutburst floods on the Kennicott River cause the river stage to rise over a period of several hours. Smaller spike peaks have a very rapid stage rise. Potential flood magnitude was estimated by combining known maximum discharges from Hidden Creek Lake and Lake Erie outburst floods with a theoretical large regional flood. Flood hazard areas at the transportation corridor were delineated, and possible future geomorphological changes were hypothesized.\r\nMcCarthy, Alaska, is on the Kennicott River, about 1 mile from the terminus of Kennicott Glacier in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Most visitors to McCarthy and the park cross the West Fork Kennicott River using a hand-pulled tram and cross the East Fork Kennicott River on a temporary footbridge. Outburst floods from glacier-dammed lakes result in channel erosion, aggradation, and migration of the Kennicott River, which disrupt transportation links, destroy property, and threaten life. Hidden Creek Lake, the largest of six glacier-dammed lakes in the Kennicott River Basin, has annual outbursts that cause the largest floods on the Kennicott River. Outbursts from Hidden Creek Lake occur from early fall to mid-summer, and lake levels at the onset of the outbursts have declined between 1909 and 1995. Criteria for impending outbursts for Hidden Creek Lake include lake stage near or above 3,000 to 3,020 feet, stationary or declining lake stage, evidence of recent calving of large ice blocks from the ice margin, slush ice and small icebergs stranded on the lakeshore, and fresh fractures in the ice-margin region. \r\n\r\nThe lower Kennicott Glacier has thinned and retreated since about 1860. The East and West Fork Kennicott River channels migrated in response to changes in the lower Kennicott Glacier. The largest channel changes occur during outburst floods from Hidden Creek Lake, whereas channel changes from the other glacier-dammed lake outbursts are small. Each year, the West Fork Kennicott River conveys a larger percentage of the Kennicott Glacier drainage than it did the previous year.\r\n\r\nOutburst floods on the Kennicott River cause the river stage to rise over a period of several hours. Smaller spike peaks have a very rapid stage rise. Potential flood magnitude was estimated by combining known maximum discharges from Hidden Creek Lake and Lake Erie outburst floods with","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964296","usgsCitation":"Rickman, R.L., and Rosenkrans, D., 1997, Hydrologic conditions and hazards in the Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4296, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964296.","productDescription":"96 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48618.htm"},{"id":58203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4296/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4296/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -143.25,\n 61.3833\n ],\n [\n -142.7833,\n 61.3833\n ],\n [\n -142.7833,\n 61.6667\n ],\n [\n -143.25,\n 61.6667\n ],\n [\n -143.25,\n 61.3833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ef1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rickman, R. L.","contributorId":24803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenkrans, D. S.","contributorId":53795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenkrans","given":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5096,"text":"fs24596 - 1997 - Use of tracer injections and synoptic sampling to measure metal loading from acid mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T15:05:29","indexId":"fs24596","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"245-96","title":"Use of tracer injections and synoptic sampling to measure metal loading from acid mine drainage","docAbstract":"

Thousands of abandoned and inactive mines are located in environmentally sensitive mountain watersheds. Cost-effective remediation of the effects of metals from mining in these watersheds requires knowledge of the most significant sources of metals. The significance of a given source depends on the toxicity of a particular metal, how much of the metal enters the stream, and whether or not the metal remains in the stream in a toxic form. This discussion deals with accounting for how much metal enters the stream and whether it stays in the stream. The amount of metal entering the stream is called the mass loading and is calculated as the product of metal concentration and stream discharge. The overall effect of high metal concentrations on streams and aquatic organisms is unclear without discharge measurements.

A traditional discharge measurement is obtained by dividing a stream into small sections and measuring the cross-sectional area and the average water velocity in each section. Summing the measurements of all the sections gives the discharge of the entire stream. This method works well where the channel bottom and banks are smooth. In mountain streams, however, the stream bottom typically is covered with cobbles, allowing much of the water to flow through the cobbles of the streambed where it cannot be measured by a flow meter (fig. 1). Thus, accurate discharge measurements are difficult to obtain in mountain streams, even under the best of conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs24596","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., 1997, Use of tracer injections and synoptic sampling to measure metal loading from acid mine drainage: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 245-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs24596.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31889,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0245/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0245/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa4a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5209,"text":"fs04197 - 1997 - Water quality of selected streams in Montgomery County, Indiana, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T09:51:34","indexId":"fs04197","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"041-97","displayTitle":"Water Quality of Selected Streams in Montgomery County, Indiana, 1996","title":"Water quality of selected streams in Montgomery County, Indiana, 1996","docAbstract":"

The USGS sampled streams in Montgomery County as part of a study done in cooperation with the Montgomery County Commissioners. The sampling program was designed by the Montgomery County Sanitarian and USGS hydrologists. The program focused on assessing general surface-water quality throughout the county and also targeted some specific areas of interest to county officials.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs04197","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, Water quality of selected streams in Montgomery County, Indiana, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 041-97, 1 sheet 2 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04197.","productDescription":"1 sheet 2 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_041_97.jpg"},{"id":358747,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 1997-041"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Montgomery","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-86.6957,40.2144],[-86.6962,40.1785],[-86.6961,40.1282],[-86.6946,40.0402],[-86.6938,39.9528],[-86.6937,39.9228],[-86.6929,39.8643],[-86.7918,39.8651],[-86.8056,39.865],[-86.8967,39.8666],[-86.9182,39.8674],[-87.0087,39.8685],[-87.0333,39.8683],[-87.0914,39.8685],[-87.0909,39.9538],[-87.0919,40.2172],[-87.0353,40.2165],[-86.9221,40.2161],[-86.8095,40.2146],[-86.6957,40.2144]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Montgomery\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
64640 Busch Blvd, Suite 100
Columbus, OH 43229

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5195,"text":"fs00597 - 1997 - Research on acidic metal contaminants in Pinal Creek Basin near Globe, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T09:18:09","indexId":"fs00597","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"005-97","title":"Research on acidic metal contaminants in Pinal Creek Basin near Globe, Arizona","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs00597","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.G., Brew, R., and Harvey, J.W., 1997, Research on acidic metal contaminants in Pinal Creek Basin near Globe, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 005-97, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00597.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_005_97.bmp"},{"id":634,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-005-97","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Pinal Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.99462890625,\n 32.37996146435729\n ],\n [\n -110.36865234374999,\n 32.37996146435729\n ],\n [\n -110.36865234374999,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -111.99462890625,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -111.99462890625,\n 32.37996146435729\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c63e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, James G.","contributorId":81094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brew, Robert","contributorId":65842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21765,"text":"ofr9728 - 1997 - Effects of produced waters at oilfield production sites on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T09:26:08","indexId":"ofr9728","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-28","title":"Effects of produced waters at oilfield production sites on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The authors conducted limited site surveys in the Wildhorse and Burbank oilfields on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma. The purpose was to document salt scarring, erosion, and soil and water salinization, to survey for radioactivity in oilfield equipment, and to determine if trace elements and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) were present in soils affected by oilfield solid waste and produced waters. These surveys were also designed to see if field gamma spectrometry and field soil conductivity measurements were useful in screening for NORM contamination and soil salinity at these sites.\r\nVisits to oilfield production sites in the Wildhorse field in June of 1995 and 1996 confirmed the presence of substantial salt scarring, soil salinization, and slight to locally severe erosion. Levels of radioactivity on some oil field equipment, soils, and road surfaces exceed proposed state standards. Radium activities in soils affected by tank sludge and produced waters also locally exceed proposed state standards. Laboratory analyses of samples from two sites show moderate levels of copper, lead, and zinc in brine-affected soils and pipe scale. Several sites showed detectable levels of bromine and iodine, suggesting that these trace elements may be present in sufficient quantity to inhibit plant growth. Surface waters in streams at two sampled sites exceed total dissolved solid limits for drinking waters. At one site in the Wildhorse field, an EM survey showed that saline soils in the upper 6m extend from a surface salt scar downvalley about 150 m.\r\n(Photo [95k]: Dead oak trees and partly revegetated salt scar at Site OS95-2 in the Wildhorse field, Osage County, Oklahoma.)\r\n\r\nIn the Burbank field, limited salt scarring and slight erosion occurs in soils at some sites and low to moderate levels of radioactivity were observed in oil field equipment at some sites.\r\nThe levels of radioactivity and radium observed in some soils and equipment at these sites are above levels of concern as defined in regulations proposed by the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors. The volumes of material involved appear to be relatively small for most sites. The lead levels observed in soils affected by tank sludge wastes are about one half of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) interim remedial action levels used for Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) sites (400 ppm).\r\nField gamma spectrometry proved useful in delineating areas where radium has been added to the natural soil by oilfield solid waste and produced water, although the technique does not meet standards of assessment used in the state of Louisiana which require core sampling of 15 cm intervals and radiochemical analysis in the laboratory. Further work is needed to develop field gamma spectrometry as a substitute for the more expensive coring and laboratory analysis. The ratio of radium-228 to radium-226 may hold promise in evaluating the relative ages of NORM contamination at a site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9728","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., Asher-Bolinder, S., Owen, D.E., and Hall, L., 1997, Effects of produced waters at oilfield production sites on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-28, 48 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9728.","productDescription":"48 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1195,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0028/OF97-28.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51262,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Osage Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.932373046875,\n 36.697053200100335\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 36.712467243386264\n ],\n [\n -97.0806884765625,\n 36.697053200100335\n ],\n [\n -97.064208984375,\n 36.602299135790446\n ],\n [\n -97.0257568359375,\n 36.575835338491764\n ],\n [\n -96.932373046875,\n 36.575835338491764\n ],\n [\n -96.9158935546875,\n 36.558187766360675\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 36.542742833547834\n ],\n [\n -97.03399658203125,\n 36.52067329034796\n ],\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -96.91314697265625,\n 36.4477991295848\n ],\n [\n -96.81976318359375,\n 36.48755716938576\n ],\n [\n -96.7730712890625,\n 36.54936246839778\n ],\n [\n -96.72637939453125,\n 36.445589751779174\n ],\n [\n -96.69342041015624,\n 36.40802070382984\n ],\n [\n -96.60827636718749,\n 36.366010258936925\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 36.33504067209607\n ],\n [\n -96.54510498046875,\n 36.28413532741724\n ],\n [\n -96.47369384765625,\n 36.31733823488624\n ],\n [\n -96.39129638671875,\n 36.2265501474709\n ],\n [\n -96.27319335937499,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -96.3006591796875,\n 36.146746777814364\n ],\n [\n -95.987548828125,\n 36.14231087352999\n ],\n [\n -95.9930419921875,\n 37.017905231730914\n ],\n [\n -96.9488525390625,\n 36.99597205450302\n ],\n [\n -96.932373046875,\n 36.697053200100335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6119eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asher-Bolinder, Sigrid","contributorId":57063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asher-Bolinder","given":"Sigrid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, Douglass E.","contributorId":76282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Douglass","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, Laurel","contributorId":8885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Laurel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":24239,"text":"ofr96629 - 1997 - Documentation and description of the digital spatial data base for southern California Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin, Ventura County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr96629","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-629","title":"Documentation and description of the digital spatial data base for southern California Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin, Ventura County, California","docAbstract":"This report documents the geographic information system map layers and data files generated for the Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin, Ventura County, as part of a Regional Aquifer- System Analysis of southern California from 1989 to 1995. Thirty-six map layers and four data files are maintained in this geographic information system data base. The map layers cover the Santa Clara-Calleguas drainage basin and are stored in a common map projection. Attributes of the map layers and data files are described and referenced. The map layers are grouped by geography, geology, and hydrology.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96629","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Predmore, S.K., Koczot, K.M., and Paybins, K.S., 1997, Documentation and description of the digital spatial data base for southern California Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin, Ventura County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-629, v, 99 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96629.","productDescription":"v, 99 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1627,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/archive/reports/ofr96_629/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0629/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53371,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0629/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d7ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Predmore, Steven K. spredmor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Predmore","given":"Steven","email":"spredmor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":191546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koczot, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-5728-9798 kmkoczot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9798","contributorId":2039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmkoczot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paybins, Katherine S. 0000-0002-3967-5043 kpaybins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-5043","contributorId":2805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paybins","given":"Katherine","email":"kpaybins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5436,"text":"fs00397 - 1997 - USGS research on saline waters co-produced with energy resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T10:23:22","indexId":"fs00397","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"003-97","title":"USGS research on saline waters co-produced with energy resources","docAbstract":"

The United States energy industry faces the challenge of satisfying our expanding thirst for energy while protecting the environment. This challenge is magnified by the increasing volumes of saline water produced with oil and gas in the Nation's aging petroleum fields. Ultimately, energy-producing companies are responsible for disposing of these waters. USGS research provides basic information, for use by regulators, industry, and the public, about the chemistry of co-produced waters and environmentally acceptable ways of handling them.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs00397","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, USGS research on saline waters co-produced with energy resources: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 003-97, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00397.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_003_97.jpg"},{"id":584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs003-97/FS-003-97.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6115ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6754,"text":"fs04797 - 1997 - The U.S. Geological Survey Drinking Water Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:01","indexId":"fs04797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"047-97","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Drinking Water Initiative","docAbstract":"Safe drinking-water supplies are critical to maintaining and preserving public health. Although the Nation's drinking water is generally safe, natural and introduced contaminants in water supplies throughout the country have adversely affected human health. This new U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiative will provide information on the vulnerability of water supplies to be used by water-supply and regulatory agencies who must balance water-supply protection with the wise use of public funds. Using the results of the initiative, they will be better able to focus on the supplies most at risk and the variability of contaminants of most concern, and so address the mandates of the Safe Drinking Water Act. With its store of geologic, hydrologic, and land use and land cover data and its network of information in every State, the USGS can help to identify potential sources of contamination, delineate source areas, determine the vulnerability of waters to potential contamination, and evaluate strategies being used to protect source waters in light of the scientific information available. Many recent and ongoing studies by the USGS concern drinking-water issues. This fact sheet highlights four particular studies begun under the Drinking Water Initiative.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs04797","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, The U.S. Geological Survey Drinking Water Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 047-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04797.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_047_97.bmp"},{"id":776,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-047-97","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185301,"text":"70185301 - 1997 - The travel times of solutes at the Cape Cod Tracer Experiment: Data analysis, modeling, and structural parameters inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:08:53","indexId":"70185301","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The travel times of solutes at the Cape Cod Tracer Experiment: Data analysis, modeling, and structural parameters inference","docAbstract":"

A method for analyzing and interpreting travel times of solutes in heterogeneous aquifers is presented based on the peak concentration arrival times as measured at various samplers in the aquifer. The method allows separation of the effects of pore-scale dispersion from the effects of the large-scale aquifer heterogeneity. An analysis of data from the Cape Cod field experiment is presented, and we found that the values of the hydrogeological parameters inferred from the travel times match very well the values obtained from direct interpretation of cores. Analysis of the spatial correlations of the travel times also allows inference of spatial covariances of the log conductivity and the anisotropy ratio of the correlation lengths. Separate analyses of the travel times carried over planes at different travel distances show that the variance of the log conductivity increases with travel distance.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96WR00016","usgsCitation":"Rubin, Y., and Ezzedine, S., 1997, The travel times of solutes at the Cape Cod Tracer Experiment: Data analysis, modeling, and structural parameters inference: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 7, p. 1537-1547, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR00016.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1537","endPage":"1547","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96wr00016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","volume":"33","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ce4b0236b68f6737b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Yoram","contributorId":189432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"Yoram","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ezzedine, Souheil","contributorId":189491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ezzedine","given":"Souheil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25539,"text":"wri954240 - 1997 - Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality at the Byron Superfund site near Byron, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri954240","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4240","title":"Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality at the Byron Superfund site near Byron, Illinois","docAbstract":"A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to define the geohydrology and contaminant distribution at a Superfund site near Byron, Illinois. Geologic units of interest beneath the site are the St. Peter Sandstone; the shale, dolomite and sandstone of the Glenwood Formation; the dolomite of the Platteville and Galena Groups; and sands, gravels, tills and loess of Quaternary age. The hydrologic units of interest are the unconsolidated aquifer, Galena-Platteville aquifer, Harmony Hill Shale semiconfining unit, and the St. Peter aquifer.\r\nGround-water flow generally is from the upland areas northwest and southwest toward the Rock River. Water levels indicate the potential for downward ground-water flow in most of the area except near the Rock River. The Galena-Platteville aquifer can be subdivided into four zones characterized by differing water-table altitudes, hydraulic gradients, and vertical and horizontal permeabilities. Geophysical, hydraulic, and aquifer-test data indicate that lithology, stratigraphy, and tectonic structures affect the distribution of primary and secondary porosity of dolomite in the Galena and Platteville Groups, which affects the permeability distribution in the Galena-Platteville aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe distribution of cyanide, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons in ground water indicates that these contaminants are derived from multiple sources in the study area. Contaminants in the northern part of this area migrate northwest to the Rock River. Contaminants in the central and southern parts of this area appear to migrate to the southwest in the general direction of the Rock River.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954240","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Yeskis, D.J., Bolen, W.J., Rauman, J.R., and Prinos, S.T., 1997, Geology, hydrology, and ground-water quality at the Byron Superfund site near Byron, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4240, vi, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954240.","productDescription":"vi, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1892,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=95-4240","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4240/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54260,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4240/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeskis, Douglas J. djyeskis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeskis","given":"Douglas","email":"djyeskis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bolen, William J.","contributorId":105339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolen","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rauman, James R.","contributorId":94699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207765,"text":"70207765 - 1997 - Effect of hydrologic management on marsh surface sediment deposition in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T15:24:46","indexId":"70207765","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T15:04:25","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of hydrologic management on marsh surface sediment deposition in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"

High rates of coastal land loss in Louisiana have prompted efforts to maintain or restore coastal wetland habitats, and structural management of marsh hydrology is one of a number of approaches that has been adopted. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydrologic management measures on marsh-surface sediment deposition in the Mississippi deltaic plain. Four impoundments, ranging in size from 50 ha to 177 ha and similarly sized control sites were included in the study. At each site, marsh-surface sediment traps were collected approximately biweekly for 3.5 yr to measure changes in sediment deposition. There was no significant difference in sediment deposition between any of the impoundment and control sites during the premanagement period. The results show no significant difference in marsh-surface sediment deposition between management year 1992–1993 and management year 1994–1995, but management year 1993–1994 had significantly lower sediment deposition than either the first or the last year of the study. Management year 1992–1993 showed the highest sediment deposition when it was assessed across all basins, areas, and sites, and this high rate of deposition is accounted for by the impact of Hurricane Andrew. For all management years there were significant differences between impoundment and control sites, with control sites showing higher rates of marsh surface sediment deposition than impoundments. No clear pattern was identified concerning the influence of various types of hydrologic management on rates of sediment deposition. This reduction in sediment deposition indicated that the areas under management in this study are receiving insufficient inorganic sediment deposition to keep pace with sea-level rise.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352345","usgsCitation":"Reed, D., De Luca, N., and Foote, A.L., 1997, Effect of hydrologic management on marsh surface sediment deposition in coastal Louisiana: Estuaries, v. 20, no. 2, p. 301-311, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352345.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"311","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin, Terrebonne Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 29.964452850852005\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 30.32547125932808\n ],\n [\n -91.60400390625,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -92.362060546875,\n 31.924192605327708\n ],\n [\n -92.64770507812499,\n 32.11980111179328\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 31.774877618507386\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 30.230594564932193\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 29.200123477644983\n ],\n [\n -90.15380859375,\n 29.065772888415406\n ],\n [\n -89.05517578125,\n 29.0273547804184\n ],\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 29.964452850852005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, D.J.","contributorId":40949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Luca, Nina","contributorId":221627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Luca","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foote, A. Lee","contributorId":216145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foote","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23744,"text":"ofr96250 - 1997 - Summary of surface-water hydrologic data for the Houston metropolitan area, Texas, water years 1964-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T14:07:45","indexId":"ofr96250","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-250","title":"Summary of surface-water hydrologic data for the Houston metropolitan area, Texas, water years 1964-89","docAbstract":"

The study area, a metropolitan area in southeast Texas about 45 miles north of the Gulf of Mexico, has been undergoing extensive urban development since the 1950s. The Houston Urban Runoff Program was begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in water year 1964 to define the magnitude and frequency of flood peaks, to determine the impact of continuing urban development on surface-water hydrologic responses, and to determine variations in stream water quality for different flow conditions, seasons, and urban development. An extensive data base has been developed.

During water years 1964-89, the Houston Urban Runoff Program collected information from a total of 54 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations, 30 U.S. Geological Survey water-quality sampling sites, and 102 rain gages (operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Weather Service, and local agencies). In addition, basin characteristics were developed to aid in understanding the effects of urban development on surface-water hydrologic responses.

Surface-water hydrologic data on diskettes describe the 54 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations, list annual peaks (and where available, peaks above an arbitrary base) for 50 streamflow sites, tabulate 1,125 storm hydrographs from 43 sites, and document 102 waterquality parameters determined from 3,242 available samples.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96250","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston and Harris County Flood Control District","usgsCitation":"Liscum, F., Brown, D.W., and Kasmarek, M., 1997, Summary of surface-water hydrologic data for the Houston metropolitan area, Texas, water years 1964-89: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-250, iv, 44 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96250.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0250/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52978,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0250/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":277650,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0250/application.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -94.976806640625,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 30.829139422013956\n ],\n [\n -95.25970458984374,\n 30.954057859276126\n ],\n [\n -95.614013671875,\n 30.95876857077987\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 30.798474179567823\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 30.64027517241868\n ],\n [\n -96.3446044921875,\n 30.462879341709886\n ],\n [\n -96.2237548828125,\n 30.073847754270204\n ],\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 29.410890376109\n ],\n [\n -95.82275390625,\n 29.080175989623203\n ],\n [\n -95.6304931640625,\n 28.9072060763367\n ],\n [\n -95.3558349609375,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -94.7515869140625,\n 29.291189838184863\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69860e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, D. W.","contributorId":63370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kasmarek, M. C.","contributorId":91532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2224,"text":"wsp2482 - 1997 - Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23811,"text":"ofr96214 - 1996 - Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","indexId":"ofr96214","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2224,"text":"wsp2482 - 1997 - Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","indexId":"wsp2482","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T14:12:06","indexId":"wsp2482","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2482","title":"Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A steady-state, three-dimensional flow model coupled with a particle-tracking algorithm was developed to assess the complex interaction of hydrogeologic conditions affecting ground-water flow and contaminant transport--including aquifer heterogeneities, hydrologic boundaries such as ponds and streams, ground-water withdrawals, and aquifer recharge to characterize the migration of contaminants emanating from beneath the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The known extent of contaminant plumes were used to assess the effects of changes in model input parameters on model-calculated water-table and pond altitudes, streamflow, and water-particle pathlines. Although changes in selected simulated hydrogeologic conditions resulted in minor changes in model-calculated water-table altitudes, pond altitudes, and streamflow, these changes had significant effects on the projection of model-calculated water-particle pathlines.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2482","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., Walter, D.A., and Savoie, J., 1997, Use of particle tracking to improve numerical model calibration and to analyze ground-water flow and contaminant migration, Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2482, v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2482.","productDescription":"v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2482/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27973,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2482/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60441e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":144848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savoie, Jennifer G. jsavoie@usgs.gov","contributorId":1691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoie","given":"Jennifer G.","email":"jsavoie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":144847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24298,"text":"ofr9723 - 1997 - Digital atlas of Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:01","indexId":"ofr9723","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-23","title":"Digital atlas of Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This compact disc contains 25 digital map data sets covering the State of Oklahoma that may be of interest to the general public, private industry, schools, and government agencies. Fourteen data sets are statewide. These data sets include: administrative boundaries; 104th U.S. Congressional district boundaries; county boundaries; latitudinal lines; longitudinal lines; geographic names; indexes of U.S. Geological Survey 1:100,000, and 1:250,000-scale topographic quadrangles; a shaded-relief image; Oklahoma State House of Representatives district boundaries; Oklahoma State Senate district boundaries; locations of U.S. Geological Survey stream gages; watershed boundaries and hydrologic cataloging unit numbers; and locations of weather stations. Eleven data sets are divided by county and are located in 77 county subdirectories. These data sets include: census block group boundaries with selected demographic data; city and major highways text; geographic names; land surface elevation contours; elevation points; an index of U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000-scale topographic quadrangles; roads, streets and address ranges; highway text; school district boundaries; streams, river and lakes; and the public land survey system.\r\nAll data sets are provided in a readily accessible format. Most data sets are provided in Digital Line Graph (DLG) format. The attributes for many of the DLG files are stored in related dBASE(R)-format files and may be joined to the data set polygon attribute or arc attribute tables using dBASE(R)-compatible software. (Any use of trade names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.) Point attribute tables are provided in dBASE(R) format only, and include the X and Y map coordinates of each point. Annotation (text plotted in map coordinates) are provided in AutoCAD Drawing Exchange format (DXF) files. The shaded-relief image is provided in TIFF format. All data sets except the shaded-relief image also are provided in ARC/INFO export-file format.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9723","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Rea, A.H., and Becker, C., 1997, Digital atlas of Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-23, 1 computer laser optical disk ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9723.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disk ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1673,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ok.water.usgs.gov/gis/digatlas/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4609","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rea, A. H.","contributorId":58301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, C.J.","contributorId":64269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6411,"text":"pp1572 - 1997 - Numerical simulation of ground-water flow through glacial deposits and crystalline bedrock in the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-10T09:03:24","indexId":"pp1572","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1572","title":"Numerical simulation of ground-water flow through glacial deposits and crystalline bedrock in the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"This report documents the development of a computer model to simulate steady-state (long-term average) flow of ground water in the vicinity of Mirror Lake, which lies at the eastern end of the Hubbard Brook valley in central New Hampshire. The 10-km2 study area includes Mirror Lake, the three streams that flow into Mirror Lake, Leeman's Brook, Paradise Brook, and parts of Hubbard Brook and the Pemigewasset River. The topography of the area is characterized by steep hillsides and relatively flat valleys. Major hydrogeologic units include glacial deposits, composed of till containing pockets of sand and gravel, and fractured crystalline bedrock, composed of schist intruded by granite, pegmatite, and lamprophyre. Ground water occurs in both the glacial deposits and bedrock. Precipitation and snowmelt infiltrate to the water table on the hillsides, flow downslope through the saturated glacial deposits and fractured bedrock, and discharge to streams and to Mirror Lake. \r\n\r\n The model domain includes the glacial deposits, the uppermost 150m of bedrock, Mirror Lake, the layer of organic sediments on the lake bottom, and streams and rivers within the study area. A streamflow routing package was included in the model to simulate baseflow in streams and interaction between streams and ground water. Recharge from precipitation is assumed to be areally uniform, and riparian evapotranspiration along stream banks is assumed negligible. The spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity is represented by dividing the model domain into several zones, each having uniform hydraulic properties. Local variations in recharge and hydraulic conductivities are ignored; therefore, the simulation results characterize the general ground-water system, not local details of ground-water movement. \r\n\r\n The model was calibrated using a nonlinear regression method to match hydraulic heads measured in piezometers and wells, and baseflow in three inlet streams to Mirror Lake. Model calibration indicates that recharge from precipitation to the water table is 26 to 28 cm/year. Hydraulic conductivities are 1.7 x 10-6 to 2.7 x 10-6 m/s for glacial deposits, about 3 x 10-7 m/s for bedrock beneath lower hillsides and valleys, and about 6x10-8 m/s for bedrock beneath upper hillsides and hilltops. Analysis of parameter uncertainty indicates that the above values are well constrained, at least within the context of regression analysis. In the regression, several attributes of the ground-water flow model are assumed perfectly known. The hydraulic conductivity for bedrock beneath upper hillsides and hilltops was determined from few data, and additional data are needed to further confirm this result. Model fit was not improved by introducing a 10-to-1 ration of horizontal-to-vertical anisotropy in the hydraulic conductivity of the glacial deposits, or by varying hydraulic conductivity with depth in the modeled part (uppermost 150m) of the bedrock. \r\n\r\n The calibrated model was used to delineate the Mirror Lake ground-water basin, defined as the volumes of subsurface through which ground water flows from the water table to Mirror Lake or its inlet streams. Results indicate that Mirror Lake and its inlet streams drain an area of ground-water recharge that is about 1.5 times the area of the surface-water basin. The ground-water basin extends far up the hillside on the northwestern part of the study area. Ground water from this area flows at depth under Norris Brook to discharge into Mirror Lake or its inlet streams. As a result, the Mirror Lake ground-water basin extends beneath the adjacent ground-water basin that drains into Norris Brook. \r\n\r\n Model simulation indicates that approximately 300,000 m3/year of precipitation recharges the Mirror Lake ground-water basin. About half the recharge enters the basin in areas where the simulated water table lies in glacial deposits; the other half enters the basin in areas where the simulated water table lies in be","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1572","usgsCitation":"Tiedeman, C.R., Goode, D., and Hsieh, P.A., 1997, Numerical simulation of ground-water flow through glacial deposits and crystalline bedrock in the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1572, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1572.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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The original data are from the Geohydrologic Map, sheet 1 of 3, included in the U.S. Geological Survey publication, 'Reconnaissance of the ground-water resources in Cimarron County, Oklahoma', Hydrologic Investigations Atlas 373, Sapik and Goemaat, 1973. The geology was compiled by S.L. 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The original data are from the Hydrogeologic Map, sheet 1 of 3, included in the U.S. Geological Survey publication, Reconnaissance of the Water Resources of Beaver County, Oklahoma, Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-450, Morton and Goemaat, 1973. The geology was compiled by S.L. 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The original data are from the Geologic Map, sheet 1 of 4, included in the Oklahoma Geological Survey publication, Reconnaissance of the water resources of the Ardmore and Sherman quadrangles, southern Oklahoma, Hydrologic Atlas 3, Hart, 1974. The geology was compiled by D.L. Hart and R.O. Fay, 1970.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96370","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cederstrand, J., 1997, Digital geologic map of Ardmore-Sherman quadrangles, south-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-370, 3 computer disks ;3 1/2 in., in envelope 23 x 18 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96370.","productDescription":"3 computer disks ;3 1/2 in., in envelope 23 x 18 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ok.water.usgs.gov/gis/geology/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ad2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrand, J. R.","contributorId":91523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrand","given":"J. 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The original data are from the Geologic Map, sheet 1 of 4, included in the Oklahoma Geological Survey publication, 'Reconnaissance of the water resources of the Oklahoma City quadrangle, central Oklahoma', Hydrologic Atlas 4, Bingham and Moore, 1975. The geology was compiled by R.H. Bingham and R.O. Fay, in 1973.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96378","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cederstrand, J., 1997, Digital geologic map of Oklahoma City Quadrangle, central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-378, 2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in., in envelope 23 x 18 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96378.","productDescription":"2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in., in envelope 23 x 18 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1437,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ok.water.usgs.gov/gis/geology/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrand, J. R.","contributorId":91523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrand","given":"J. 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R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24409,"text":"ofr96599 - 1997 - Summary of data concerning radiological contamination at well PM-2, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:16","indexId":"ofr96599","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-599","title":"Summary of data concerning radiological contamination at well PM-2, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Analysis of water collected during August and September 1993 from well PM-2, on Pahute Mesa at\\x11the Nevada Test Site, indicated tritium concentrations of\\x1121,000 Bq/L at 610 m below land surface. The Schooner event (U-20u) was detonated in 1968 approximately 270 meterssoutheast of well PM-2 at a working depth of 108.2 meters. The crater created by the Schooner event was about 129.8 meters in radius and\\x1163.4 meters in depth. Geologic and hydrologic properties of the stratigraphic units are summarized from historical data. The soil around the well and water in the well were analyzed for radionuclides and water in the well was also analyzed for inorganic constituents and organic (volatile and semivolatile) substances. Close agreement between tritium analyses of water from well PM-2, at different times and at the same depths, confirms the elevated levels of tritium. The highest tritium values in the borehole were at 610 meters below land surface-above the shallowest perforations at 765 meters below land surface. These values were only slightly higher than values found at greater depth in the well.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96599","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Russell, G., and Locke, G., 1997, Summary of data concerning radiological contamination at well PM-2, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-599, iv, 84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96599.","productDescription":"iv, 84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0599/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53498,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0599/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f61c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, G.M.","contributorId":106154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, G.L.","contributorId":59065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019766,"text":"70019766 - 1997 - Flood dependency of cottonwood establishment along the Missouri River, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T16:27:04.407605","indexId":"70019766","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood dependency of cottonwood establishment along the Missouri River, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"

Flow variability plays a central role in structuring the physical environment of riverine ecosystems. However, natural variability in flows along many rivers has been modified by water management activities. We quantified the relationship between flow and establishment of the dominant tree (plains cottonwood, Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) along one of the least hydrologically altered alluvial reaches of the Missouri River: Coal Banks Landing to Landusky, Montana. Our purpose was to refine our understanding of how local fluvial geomorphic processes condition the relationship between flow regime and cottonwood recruitment. We determined date and elevation of tree establishment and related this information to historical peak stage and discharge over a 112-yr hydrologic record. Of the excavated trees, 72% were established in the year of a flow >1400 m3/s (recurrence interval of 9.3 yr) or in the following 2 yr. Flows of this magnitude or greater create the necessary bare, moist establishment sites at an elevation high enough to allow cottonwoods to survive subsequent floods and ice jams. Almost all cottonwoods that have survived the most recent flood (1978) were established >1.2 m above the lower limit of perennial vegetation (active channel shelf). Most younger individuals were established between 0 and 1.2 m, and are unlikely to survive over the long term. Protection of riparian cottonwood forest along this National Wild and Scenic section of the Missouri River depends upon maintaining the historical magnitude, frequency, and duration of floods >1400 m3/s. Here, a relatively narrow valley constrains lateral channel movement that could otherwise facilitate cottonwood recruitment at lower flows. Effective management of flows to promote or maintain cottonwood recruitment requires an understanding of locally dominant fluvial geomorphic processes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0677:FDOCEA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Scott, M.L., Auble, G.T., and Friedman, J.M., 1997, Flood dependency of cottonwood establishment along the Missouri River, Montana, USA: Ecological Applications, v. 7, no. 2, p. 677-690, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0677:FDOCEA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"690","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.9507872241736,\n 48.31772840275332\n ],\n [\n -112.4262969698602,\n 48.31772840275332\n ],\n [\n -112.4262969698602,\n 46.27250274746859\n ],\n [\n -107.9507872241736,\n 46.27250274746859\n ],\n [\n -107.9507872241736,\n 48.31772840275332\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10e7e4b0c8380cd53e52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}