Assimilation efficiencies (AEs) and physiological turnover-rate constants (k) of six trace elements (Ag, Am, Cd, Co, Se, Zn) in four marine bivalves (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin,Macoma balthica Linnaeus, Mercenaria mercenaria Linnaeus, and Mytilus edulis Linnaeus) were measured in radiotracer-depuration experiments. Egestion rates of unassimilated elements were highest during the first 24 h of depuration and declined thereafter. Significant egestion of unassimilated Co, however, continued for up to 5 d in Macoma balthica,Mercenaria mercenaria and Mytilus edulis. With the exception of the extremely low values for110 mAg, 109Cd, and 65Zn in C. virginica, physiological turnover-rate constants (k) showed no general pattern of variation among elements, bivalve species or food types, and were relatively invariant. Values from ≤0.001 to 0.1 d−1 were observed, but excluding those for Co, most values were ≤0.04 d−1. In all four species, the AEs of Ag, Am, and Co were generally lower than those of Cd, Se, and Zn. The AEs of Ag, Cd, Se, and Zn in these bivalves are directly related to the proportion of each element in the cytoplasmic fraction of ingested phytoplankton, indicating that >80% of elements in a prey alga's cytoplasm was assimilated. C. virginica, Macoma balthica, and Mercenaria mercenaria assimilated ∼36% of the Ag and Cd associated with the non-cytoplasmic (membrane/organelle) fraction of ingested cells in addition to the cytoplasmic fraction. The ratio of AE:k, which is proportional to the consumer–prey trace-element bioaccumulation factor (concentration in consumer:concentration in prey) was generally greater for Cd, Se, and Zn than for Ag, Am, and Co. This ratio was lowest in Mytilus edulis, suggesting that this bivalve, the most widely employed organism in global biomonitoring, is relatively inefficient at accumulating important elements such as Ag, Cd, and Zn from ingested phytoplankton.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002270050185","usgsCitation":"Reinfelder, J., Wang, W., Luoma, S.N., and Fisher, N., 1997, Assimilation efficiencies and turnover rates of trace elements in marine bivalves: A comparison of oysters, clams and mussels: Marine Biology, v. 129, no. 3, p. 443-452, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050185.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"452","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42de4b006cb45552bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinfelder, J.R.","contributorId":62760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinfelder","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, W.-X.","contributorId":90477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"W.-X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":120222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, N.S.","contributorId":67668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162656,"text":"70162656 - 1997 - Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T13:46:15","indexId":"70162656","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2179,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem","docAbstract":"Many wetlands undergo seasonal cycles in precipitation and water depth.This environmental seasonality is echoed in patterns of production of fishbiomass, which, in turn, influence the phenology of other components of thefood web, including wading birds. Human activities, such as drainage orother alterations of the hydrology, can exacerbate these natural cycles andresult in detrimental stresses on fish production and the higher trophic levels dependent on this production. In this paper we model theseasonal pattern of fish production in a freshwater marsh, with specialreference to the Everglades/Big Cypress region of southern Florida.The model illustrates the temporal pattern of production through theyear, which can result in very high densities of fish at the end of ahydroperiod (period of flooding), aswell as the importance of ponds and other deep depressions, both as refugia and sinks during dry periods. The model predicts that: (1) there is an effective threshold in the length of the hydroperiod that must beexceeded for high fish-population densities to be produced, (2) large,piscivorous fishes do not appear tohave a major impact on smaller fishes in the marsh habitat, and (3) therecovery of small-fish populations in the marsh following a major droughtmay require up to a year. The last of these results is relevant toassessing anthropogenic impacts on marsh production, as these effectsmay increase the severity and frequency of droughts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1008228706210","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Loftus, W., Trexler, J.C., and Ulanowicz, R.E., 1997, Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem: Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery, v. 6, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008228706210.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49cde4b07ca61bfea58d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":2860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, William F.","contributorId":48628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trexler, Joel C.","contributorId":36267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trexler","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ulanowicz, Robert E.","contributorId":34879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulanowicz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171398,"text":"70171398 - 1997 - Pesticides and volatile organic compounds in shallow urban groundwater of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-19T18:21:05","indexId":"70171398","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Pesticides and volatile organic compounds in shallow urban groundwater of the United States","docAbstract":"The widespread use of pesticides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over the past half century has led to their detection in many hydrologic systems in the United States. However, few systematic investigations of occurrences have been carried out over multistate regions using a consistent study design. Nine urban studies of shallow groundwater have been conducted to date as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Pesticide compounds were detected in 48.6% of the 208 urban wells sampled. Sixteen different pesticide compounds were detected in samples from these wells. Prometon was by far the most frequently detected pesticide compound, being found in 8 of the 9 urban studies. VOCs were detected in 53.4% of the 208 urban wells sampled, with 36 different VOC compounds being found.
Measured VOC concentrations exceeded current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water regulations in 19 wells. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a common fuel oxygenate, was the most frequently detected VOC for this study.
Microorganisms indigenous to a shallow aquifer, which underlies an explosives-contaminated site, mineralized 28% of [U-ring-14C] 2,4–dinitrotoluene to 14CO2 within 28 days under aerobic conditions. Approximately 20% of added 2,4–dinitrotoluene remained undegraded at the end of the incubation while approximately 22% and 6% were transformed to 4–amino-2–nitrotoluene and 2–amino-4–nitrotoluene, respectively. In aquifer microcosms containing 2,6–dinitrotoluene, approximately 67% of the substrate remained undegraded and approximately 14% was transformed to 2–amino-6–nitrotoluene. The radiolabeled study indicated that about 8% of the 2,6–dinotrotoluene was mineralized to CO2. The demonstrated degradation and subsequent mineralization of dinitrotoluene compounds by aquifer microorganisms are consistent with the decline in dissolved dinitrotoluene concentrations observed along the general ground-water flowpath at the site. The results indicate that intrinsic bioremediation may be a viable alternative for remediating contaminated ground water at this site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00054.x","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., Landmeyer, J., and Schumacher, J., 1997, Potential for intrinsic bioremediation of a DNT-contaminated aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 12-17, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00054.x.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"12","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00054.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a0e4b0849ce97f0d0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schumacher, J.G.","contributorId":54398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumacher","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185275,"text":"70185275 - 1997 - Analysis of the Cape Cod tracer data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:39:57","indexId":"70185275","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the Cape Cod tracer data","docAbstract":"An analysis of the Cape Cod test was performed using several first- and higher-order theoretical models. We compare conditional and unconditional solutions of the transport equation and employ them for analysis of the experimental data. We consider spatial moments, mass breakthrough curves, and the distribution of the solute mass in space. The concentration measurements were also analyzed using theoretical models for the expected value and variance of concentration. The theoretical models we employed are based on the spatial correlation structure of the conductivity field, without any fitting of parameters to the tracer data, and hence we can test the predictive power of the theories tested. The effects of recharge on macrodispersion are investigated, and it is shown that recharge provides a reasonable explanation for the enhanced lateral spread of the Cape Cod plume. The compendium of the experimental results presented here is useful for testing of theoretical and numerical models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96WR02586","usgsCitation":"Ezzedine, S., and Rubin, Y., 1997, Analysis of the Cape Cod tracer data: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR02586.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96wr02586","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a0e4b0849ce97f0d08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ezzedine, Souheil","contributorId":189491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ezzedine","given":"Souheil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Yoram","contributorId":189432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"Yoram","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176099,"text":"70176099 - 1997 - Status, trends, and changes in freshwater inflows to bay systems in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program study area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T16:20:18","indexId":"70176099","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"CCBNEP–17","title":"Status, trends, and changes in freshwater inflows to bay systems in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program study area","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study to quantify current (1983–93) mean freshwater inflows to the six bay systems (open water and wetlands) in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program study area, to test for historical temporal trends in inflows, and to quantify historical and projected changes in inflows. The report also addresses the adequacy of existing data to estimate freshwater inflows.
\nThe six bay systems are the St. Charles, Copano, Redfish, Nueces and Corpus Christi, upper Laguna Madre, and Baffin. Each bay system has one or more adjacent contributing watersheds, for a total of 13 watersheds for purposes of this study, that together comprise about 6,000 square miles. All freshwater runoff to each bay system except the Nueces and Corpus Christi originates in adjacent watersheds. Freshwater that enters the Nueces and Corpus Christi Bay system is a combination of water that originates in the adjacent contributing watersheds and water that originates in the large regional watershed of the Nueces River (greater Nueces River Basin) upstream of the adjacent contributing watersheds.
\nThe watershed simulation model Hydrologic Simulation Program—Fortran (HSPF) was used to generate simulated flow (runoff) from the 13 watersheds to the six bay systems because adequate gaged streamflow data from which to estimate freshwater inflows are not available; only about 23 percent of the adjacent contributing watershed area is gaged. The model was calibrated for the gaged parts of three watersheds—that is, selected input parameters (meteorologic and hydrologic properties and conditions) that control runoff were adjusted in a series of simulations until an adequate match between model-generated flows and a set (time series) of gaged flows was achieved. The primary model input is rainfall and evaporation data and the model output is a time series of runoff volumes. After calibration, simulations driven by daily rainfall for a 26-year period (1968–93) were done for the 13 watersheds to obtain runoff under current (1983–93), predevelopment (pre-1940 streamflow and pre-urbanization), and future (2010) land-use conditions for estimating freshwater inflows and for comparing runoff under the three land-use conditions; and to obtain time series of runoff from which to estimate time series of freshwater inflows for trend analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program","publisherLocation":"Corpus Christi, TX","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W., Mosier, J.G., and Bush, P.W., 1997, Status, trends, and changes in freshwater inflows to bay systems in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program study area, 47 p.","productDescription":"47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c016cee4b0f2f0ceb8736b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, W.H.","contributorId":87980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosier, J. G.","contributorId":174057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosier","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, P. W.","contributorId":14826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175090,"text":"70175090 - 1997 - Selenium trends in north San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-10T18:15:05.637456","indexId":"70175090","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium trends in north San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program for the Sacramento–San Joaquin Estuary","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Linville, R., 1997, Selenium trends in north San Francisco Bay: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 10, p. 25-26.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"North San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.76123046875,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 38.23386541556985\n ],\n [\n -122.76123046875,\n 38.23386541556985\n ],\n [\n -122.76123046875,\n 37.814123701604466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb4e4b0589fa1c980d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":120222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linville, R.","contributorId":173243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linville","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44307,"text":"ofr96646 - 1997 - Combined-sewer overflow data and methods of sample collection for selected sites, Detroit, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-15T20:04:25.953938","indexId":"ofr96646","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-646","title":"Combined-sewer overflow data and methods of sample collection for selected sites, Detroit, Michigan","docAbstract":"The discharge of untreated sewage is illegal in Michigan unless permitted under Act 245 due to public health concerns. In October, 1992, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR, now the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality) issued a discharge permit to Detroit authorizing discharge from the City's 78 combined-sewer overflows (CSOs), and requiring that a long-term control plan be developed to achieve mandated waterquality standards in receiving waters. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued a national CSO policy in April, 1994, which requires (1) operational improvements of existing systems to minimize discharges and prevent their occurrence in dry weather; (2) publicly operated treatment works (POTW) to characterize the frequency and volume of discharges; and (3) construction of CSO discharge control projects where necessary.
In 1993, the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) requested assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Detroit Water and Sewerage Department (DWSD) and MDNR, Surface Water Quality Division, to address part of the technical data requirements for requirement 2. The USGS scope of services for this interdisciplinary, multiagency investigation consisted of collection, compilation, and interpretation of the necessary hydrologic data, and documentation of results. In addition to USGS personnel, personnel from DWSD assisted with the field collection of samples and in alerting USGS personnel to CSO effluent discharges.
From October 1, 1994 through December 31, 1995, four CSOs discharging to the Detroit River in Detroit, Michigan (figure 1) were monitored to characterize storm-related water quantity and quality. Water velocity, stage, and precipitation were measured continuously and recorded at 5-minute intervals. Water-quality samples were collected at discrete times during storms and analyzed for inorganic and organic pollutants. Discharges were sampled between 30 and 78 times for inorganic pollutants, and between 14 and 22 times for organic pollutants, depending on the site. These samples represented between 8 and 17 storms during which one or more of the four selected CSOs discharged. The monitored pollutants included fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, and Escherichia coli; antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, total chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver, thallium and zinc; and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, volatile organic compounds, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Metal and non-metal inorganic pollutants were detected at all sites. Many organic pollutants were not detected at all.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96646","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with: City of Detroit, Michigan Southeast Michigan Council of Governments Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Sweat, M., and Wolf, J., 1997, Combined-sewer overflow data and methods of sample collection for selected sites, Detroit, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-646, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96646.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0646/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":464205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0646/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Detroit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.4796142578125,\n 42.16238548673798\n ],\n [\n -83.4796142578125,\n 42.527784255084676\n ],\n [\n -82.81219482421875,\n 42.527784255084676\n ],\n [\n -82.81219482421875,\n 42.16238548673798\n ],\n [\n -83.4796142578125,\n 42.16238548673798\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweat, M.J.","contributorId":90786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweat","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, J.R.","contributorId":58702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019972,"text":"70019972 - 1997 - Protistan communities in aquifers: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T06:07:57","indexId":"70019972","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1621,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protistan communities in aquifers: A review","docAbstract":"Eukaryotic microorganisms (protists) are a very important component of microbial communities inhabiting groundwater aquifers This is not unexpected when one considers that many protists feed heterotrophically, by means of either phagotrophy (bacterivory) or osmotrophy. Protistan numbers are usually low (<102 per g dw of aquifer material) in pristine, uncontaminated aquifers but may increase by several orders of magnitude in aquifers subject to organic pout on Stoa flagellates (typically 2-3(5) ??m in size in situ) are by far the dominant protists in aquifers although amoebae and occasionally ciliates may also be present much lower numbers. A though a wealth of new taxonomic information is waiting to be brought to light, interest in the identity of aquifer protists is not exclusively academic If verified, the following hypotheses may prove to be important towards our understanding of the functioning of microbial communities in aquifers: (1) Differences in swimming behavior between species of flagellates lead to feeding heterogeneity and niche differentiation, implying that bacterivorous flagellates graze on different subsets of the bacterial community, and therefore play different roles in controlling bacterial densities. (2) Bacterivorous flagellates grazing on bacteria capable of degrading Organic compounds have an indirect effect on the overall rates of biodegradation.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00046-6","issn":"01686445","usgsCitation":"Novarino, G., Warren, A., Butler, H., Lambourne, G., Boxshall, A., Bateman, J., Kinner, N., Harvey, R., Mosse, R., and Teltsch, B., 1997, Protistan communities in aquifers: A review: FEMS Microbiology Reviews, v. 20, no. 3-4, p. 261-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00046-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"275","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480113,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6445(97)00046-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206011,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00046-6"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f7ee4b0c8380cd7f7c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Novarino, G.","contributorId":82471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novarino","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, A.","contributorId":16574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butler, H.","contributorId":35487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambourne, G.","contributorId":55590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambourne","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boxshall, A.","contributorId":63970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boxshall","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bateman, J.","contributorId":58790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kinner, N.E.","contributorId":29583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinner","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mosse, R.A.","contributorId":101827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosse","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Teltsch, B.","contributorId":20095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teltsch","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70019819,"text":"70019819 - 1997 - Occurrence of selected herbicides and herbicide degradation products in Iowa's Ground Water, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-08T16:31:44","indexId":"70019819","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of selected herbicides and herbicide degradation products in Iowa's Ground Water, 1995","docAbstract":"Herbicide compounds were prevalent in ground water across Iowa, being detected in 70% of the 106 municipal wells sampled during the summer of 1995. Herbicide degradation products were three of the four most frequently detected compounds for this study. The degradation product alachlor ethanesulfonic acid was the most frequently detected compound (65.1%), followed by atrazine (40.6%), and the degradation products deethylatrazine (34.9%), and cyanazine amide (19.8%). The corn herbicide acetochlor, first registered for widespread use in the United States in March 1994, was detected in a single water sample. No reported herbicide compound concentrations for this study exceeded currem U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contaminant levels or health advisory levels for drinking water, although the herbicide degradation products examined have yet to have such levels established.
\nThe occurrence of herbicide compounds had a significant, inverse relation to well depth and a significant, positive relation to dissolved-oxygen concentration. It is felt that both well depth and dissolved oxygen are acting as rough surrogates to ground-water age, with younger ground water being more likely to contain herbicide compounds. The occurrence of herbicide compounds was substantially different among the major aquifer types across Iowa, being detected in 82.5% of the alluvial, 81.8% of the bedrock/ karst region, 40.0% of the glacial-drift, and 25.0% of the bedrock/nonkarst region aquifers. The observed distribution was partially attributed to variations in general ground-water age among these aquifer types. A significant, inverse relation was determined between total herbicide compound concentrations in ground water and the average soil slope within a 2-km radius of sampled wells. Steeper soil slopes may increase the likelihood of surface runoff occurring rather than ground-water infiltration–decreasing the transport of herbicide compounds to ground water. As expected, a significant positive relation was determined between intensity of herbicide use and herbicide concentrations in ground water.
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A.","contributorId":58328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneck-Fahrer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019820,"text":"70019820 - 1997 - Hydrological processes - Letters: Topographic controls on subsurface storm flow at the hillslope scale for Two hydrologically distinct small catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T23:07:38.929072","indexId":"70019820","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological processes - Letters: Topographic controls on subsurface storm flow at the hillslope scale for Two hydrologically distinct small catchments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199707)11:9<1347::AID-HYP592>3.0.CO;2-R","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Freer, J., McDonnell, J., Beven, K., Brammer, D., Burns, D., Hooper, R.P., and Kendal, C., 1997, Hydrological processes - Letters: Topographic controls on subsurface storm flow at the hillslope scale for Two hydrologically distinct small catchments: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 9, p. 1347-1352, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199707)11:9<1347::AID-HYP592>3.0.CO;2-R.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1347","endPage":"1352","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36aee4b0c8380cd608f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freer, J.","contributorId":61975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonnell, J.","contributorId":61587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonnell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beven, K.J.","contributorId":62759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beven","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brammer, D.","contributorId":63973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brammer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, D.","contributorId":91260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kendal, C.","contributorId":94055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendal","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70019861,"text":"70019861 - 1997 - Potential effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems of the New England/Mid-Atlantic Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T23:00:35.804597","indexId":"70019861","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems of the New England/Mid-Atlantic Region","docAbstract":"Numerous freshwater ecosystems, dense concentrations of humans along the eastern seaboard, extensive forests and a history of intensive land use distinguish the New England/Mid-Atlantic Region. Human population densities are forecast to increase in portions of the region at the same time that climate is expected to be changing. Consequently, the effects of humans and climatic change are likely to affect freshwater ecosystems within the region interactively. The general climate, at present, is humid continental, and the region receives abundant precipitation. Climatic projections for a 2 × CO2 atmosphere, however, suggest warmer and drier conditions for much of this region. Annual temperature increases ranging from 3–5°C are projected, with the greatest increases occurring in autumn or winter. According to a water balance model, the projected increase in temperature will result in greater rates of evaporation and evapotranspiration. This could cause a 21 and 31% reduction in annual stream flow in the southern and northern sections of the region, respectively, with greatest reductions occurring in autumn and winter. The amount and duration of snow cover is also projected to decrease across the region, and summer convective thunderstorms are likely to decrease in frequency but increase in intensity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970630)11:8<925::AID-HYP512>3.0.CO;2-X","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Moore, M., Pace, M.L., Mather, J., Murdoch, P., Howarth, R.W., Folt, C., Chen, C., Hemond, H.F., Flebbe, P., and Driscoll, C.T., 1997, Potential effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems of the New England/Mid-Atlantic Region: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 8, p. 925-947, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970630)11:8<925::AID-HYP512>3.0.CO;2-X.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"925","endPage":"947","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ecde4b0c8380cd7a76d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, M.V.","contributorId":61187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pace, M. L.","contributorId":72542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pace","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mather, J.R.","contributorId":49127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howarth, R. W.","contributorId":48126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howarth","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":384195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Folt, C.L.","contributorId":34671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folt","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chen, C.-Y.","contributorId":41973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hemond, Harold F.","contributorId":34673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemond","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13299,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":384192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Flebbe, P.A.","contributorId":18922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flebbe","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70019732,"text":"70019732 - 1997 - Multiphase flow modeling of a crude-oil spill site with a bimodal permeability distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T05:48:05","indexId":"70019732","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiphase flow modeling of a crude-oil spill site with a bimodal permeability distribution","docAbstract":"Fluid saturation, particle-size distribution, and porosity measurements were obtained from 269 core samples collected from six boreholes along a 90-m transect at a subregion of a crude-oil spill site, the north pool, near Bemidji, Minnesota. The oil saturation data, collected 11 years after the spill, showed an irregularly shaped oil body that appeared to be affected by sediment spatial variability. The particle-size distribution data were used to estimate the permeability (k) and retention curves for each sample. An additional 344 k estimates were obtained from samples previously collected at the north pool. The 613 k estimates were distributed bimodal lognormally with the two population distributions corresponding to the two predominant lithologies: a coarse glacial outwash deposit and fine-grained interbedded lenses. A two-step geostatistical approach was used to generate a conditioned realization of k representing the bimodal heterogeneity. A cross-sectional multiphase flow model was used to simulate the flow of oil and water in the presence of air along the north pool transect for an 11-year period. The inclusion of a representation of the bimodal aquifer heterogeneity was crucial for reproduction of general features of the observed oil body. If the bimodal heterogeneity was characterized, hysteresis did not have to be incorporated into the model because a hysteretic effect was produced by the sediment spatial variability. By revising the relative permeability functional relation, an improved reproduction of the observed oil saturation distribution was achieved. The inclusion of water table fluctuations in the model did not significantly affect the simulated oil saturation distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR00857","usgsCitation":"Dillard, L.A., Essaid, H.I., and Herkelrath, W.N., 1997, Multiphase flow modeling of a crude-oil spill site with a bimodal permeability distribution: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 7, p. 1617-1632, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR00857.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1617","endPage":"1632","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr00857","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6057e4b0c8380cd713b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillard, Leslie A.","contributorId":189405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillard","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herkelrath, William N. 0000-0002-6149-5524 wnherkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5524","contributorId":2612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"William","email":"wnherkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019730,"text":"70019730 - 1997 - Evaluation of unconfined-aquifer parameters from pumping test data by nonlinear least squares","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T06:15:40","indexId":"70019730","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of unconfined-aquifer parameters from pumping test data by nonlinear least squares","docAbstract":"Nonlinear least squares (NLS) with automatic differentiation was used to estimate aquifer parameters from drawdown data obtained from published pumping tests conducted in homogeneous, water-table aquifers. The method is based on a technique that seeks to minimize the squares of residuals between observed and calculated drawdown subject to bounds that are placed on the parameter of interest. The analytical model developed by Neuman for flow to a partially penetrating well of infinitesimal diameter situated in an infinite, homogeneous and anisotropic aquifer was used to obtain calculated drawdown. NLS was first applied to synthetic drawdown data from a hypothetical but realistic aquifer to demonstrate that the relevant hydraulic parameters (storativity, specific yield, and horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity) can be evaluated accurately. Next the method was used to estimate the parameters at three field sites with widely varying hydraulic properties. NLS produced unbiased estimates of the aquifer parameters that are close to the estimates obtained with the same data using a visual curve-matching approach. Small differences in the estimates are a consequence of subjective interpretation introduced in the visual approach.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03101-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Heidari, M., and Moench, A., 1997, Evaluation of unconfined-aquifer parameters from pumping test data by nonlinear least squares: Journal of Hydrology, v. 192, no. 1-4, p. 300-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03101-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"313","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03101-0"}],"volume":"192","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d02e4b0c8380cd52dac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heidari, M.","contributorId":26430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidari","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moench, A.","contributorId":12638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019687,"text":"70019687 - 1997 - A watershed approach to ecosystem monitoring in Denali National Park and preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T23:16:31.807351","indexId":"70019687","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A watershed approach to ecosystem monitoring in Denali National Park and preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"The National Park Service and the National Biological Service initiated research in Denali National Park and Preserve, a 2.4 million-hectare park in southcentral Alaska, to develop ecological monitoring protocols for national parks in the Arctic/Subarctic biogeographic area. We are focusing pilot studies on design questions, on scaling issues and regionalization, ecosystem structure and function, indicator selection and evaluation, and monitoring technologies. Rock Creek, a headwater stream near Denali headquarters, is the ecological scale for initial testing of a watershed ecosystem approach. Our conceptual model embraces principles of the hydrological cycle, hypotheses of global climate change, and biological interactions of organisms occupying intermediate, but poorly studied, positions in Alaskan food webs. The field approach includes hydrological and depositional considerations and a suite of integrated measures linking key aquatic and terrestrial biota, environmental variables, or defined ecological processes, in order to establish ecological conditions and detect, track, and understand mechanisms of environmental change. Our sampling activities include corresponding measures of physical, chemical, and biological attributes in four Rock Creek habitats believed characteristic of the greater system diversity of Denali. This paper gives examples of data sets, program integration and scaling, and research needs.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04106.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Thorsteinson, L., and Taylor, D., 1997, A watershed approach to ecosystem monitoring in Denali National Park and preserve, Alaska: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 33, no. 4, p. 795-810, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04106.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e61ce4b0c8380cd4717d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorsteinson, L.K.","contributorId":100131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, D.L.","contributorId":50676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019672,"text":"70019672 - 1997 - Effects of carbon dioxide variations in the unsaturated zone on water chemistry in a glacial-outwash aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:21:28","indexId":"70019672","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of carbon dioxide variations in the unsaturated zone on water chemistry in a glacial-outwash aquifer","docAbstract":"The research site at Otis Air Base, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, has been developed for hydrogeological and geochemical studies of sewage-effluent contaminated groundwater since 1982. Research of hydrologic properties, transport, and chemical and biological processes is ongoing, but the origin of background water chemistry has not been determined. The principal geochemical process giving rise to the observed background water chemistry is CO2-controlled hydrolysis of Na feldspar. Geochemical modeling demonstrated that CO2 sources could vary over the project area. Analyses of unsaturated zone gases showed variations in CO2 which were dependent on land use and vegetative cover in the area of groundwater recharge. Measurements of CO2 in unsaturated-zone gases showed that concentrations of total inorganic C in recharge water should range from about 0.035 to 1.0 mmoles/L in the vicinity of Otis Air Base. Flux of CO2 from the unsaturated zone varied for a principal land uses, ranging from 86 gC/m2/yr for low vegetated areas to 1630 gC/m2/yr for a golf course. Carbon dioxide flux from woodlands was 220 gC/m2/yr, lower than reported fluxes of 500 to 600 gC/m2/yr for woodlands in a similar climate. Carbon dioxide flux from grassy areas was 540 gC/m2/yr, higher than reported fluxes of 230 to 490 gC/m2/yr for grasslands in a similar climate.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00001-2","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., 1997, Effects of carbon dioxide variations in the unsaturated zone on water chemistry in a glacial-outwash aquifer: Applied Geochemistry, v. 12, no. 4, p. 347-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00001-2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206069,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00001-2"},{"id":228170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06a4e4b0c8380cd51352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019578,"text":"70019578 - 1997 - Volumetric analysis and hydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T12:07:21.739674","indexId":"70019578","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volumetric analysis and hydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"On July 21 or 22, 1984, debris flows triggered by rainfall occurred on the southern hillslope of Jake Ridge, about 6 km east of the crest of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Rain gages near Jake Ridge recorded 65 mm and 69 mm on July 21, and 20 mm and 17 mm on July 22. Rates of rainfall intensity ranged up to 73 mm/h on the twenty-first, and 15 mm/h on the twenty-second. Digital elevation models with 2.0 m grid-node spacing, measured from pre-storm and post-storm aerial stereo-photographs, were used to map hillslope erosion and the downslope distribution of debris. Volumetric calculations indicate that about 7040 m3 of debris was redistributed on the 49,132 m2 hillslope study area during the two-day storm period. About 4580 m3 (65%) of the eroded sediment was deposited within the study area and the remaining 35% was deposited outside the study area in a short tributary to Fortymile Wash and in the wash itself. The maximum and mean depths of erosion in the study area were about 1.8 m and 5 cm, respectively. The mean depths of erosion on the upper and middle hillslope were 27 cm and 4 cm, respectively. The mean depth of deposition on the lower hillslope was 16 cm.
Analysis of the values of cumulative precipitation in the context of the precipitation-frequency atlas of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration indicates that precipitation from the main storm on July 21 was more than double that expected, on average, once during a 100-year-period. The relations of precipitation intensity/duration, developed from data recorded at a nearby precipitation gage, indicate a storm interval of 500 years or greater. The amount of erosion caused by such a storm is primarily dependent on three variables; storm intensity, development of the drainage network on the hillslope, and the amount of available colluvium. Additionally, the erosive ability of successive storms of equal intensity will decrease because such storms would tend to progressively isolate and reduce the amount of colluvium available. The preservation of Pleistocene deposits on hillslopes of Yucca Mountain, in general, indicates that erosional events that strip 5% of the available hillslope colluvium must be quite rare. We conclude that the recurrence interval of an erosional event comparable to the July, 1984 event is probably much longer than 500 years.
I simulated the annual population cycles of Great Egrets (Ardea alba) at Lake Okeechobee, Florida, to provide a framework for evaluating the local population dynamics of nesting and foraging wading birds. The external forcing functions were solar energy, minimum air temperature, water depth, surface-water drying rate, and season. Solar input controlled the production of prey at moderate to high lake stages, but water area exerted primary control during a two-year drought. Modeling prey production as a linear function of water area resulted in underestimation of prey density during the drought, suggesting that prey organisms maintained high fecundity while concentrated in submerged vegetation at the lakeward fringe of the littoral zone. Simulation confirmed that large influxes of wading birds during the drought were the combined result of a regional refuge response and the availability of concentrated prey. Modeling immigration and emigration as primarily functions of the surface-water drying rate, rather than lake stage, resulted in a closer match of observed and simulated population trends for foraging birds, suggesting that the pattern of surface-water fluctuations was a more important factor than water depth. Simulation indicated an abrupt-threshold response rather than a linear association between foraging efficiency and low temperatures, which reduce activity levels of forage fishes. Great Egret breeder recruitment is primarily a function of prey availability, climate, and hydrologic trends, but simulation confirmed the concurrent involvement of a seasonal or physiological-readiness factor. An attractor function driven by high winter lake stages was necessary to reproduce observed patterns of breeder recruitment, suggesting that Great Egrets initiate nesting based on environmental cues that lead to peak food availability when nestlings are present. Poor correspondence of reproductive effort and nest productivity suggested that the drought compromised the birds' predictive abilities. The need to model breeder recruitment as a function of a maximum rate rather than the size of the local foraging population suggested that birds may nest on the lake even though on-lake foraging conditions are poor. Simulated and observed estimates of egg and hatching production did not match, suggesting that the causes of failure during incubation were complex or more localized than could be accounted for with lakewide hydrologic and climatic data. A forced increase in prey consumption of 12% was necessary to reproduce observed, high levels of nest productivity in 1990, which corresponded to the finding that panhandled fish constituted 10–12% of the biomass fed to Great Egret nestlings that year.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00061-0","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., 1997, An energy-circuit population model for great egrets (Ardea alba) at Lake Okeechobee, Florida, U.S.A: Ecological Modelling, v. 97, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00061-0.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","volume":"97","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Jeff P.","contributorId":79852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jeff P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019539,"text":"70019539 - 1997 - Microbial reduction of iodate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:39:11","indexId":"70019539","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial reduction of iodate","docAbstract":"The different oxidation species of iodine have markedly different sorption properties. Hence, changes in iodine redox states can greatly affect the mobility of iodine in the environment. Although a major microbial role has been suggested in the past to account for these redox changes, little has been done to elucidate the responsible microorganisms or the mechanisms involved. In the work presented here, direct microbial reduction of iodate was demonstrated with anaerobic cell suspensions of the sulfate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans which reduced 96% of an initial 100 ??M iodate to iodide at pH 7 in 30 mM NaHCO3 buffer, whereas anaerobic cell suspensions of the dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens were unable to reduce iodate in 30 mM NaHCO3 buffer (pH 7). Both D. desulfuricans and S. putrefaciens were able to reduce iodate at pH 7 in 10 mM HEPES buffer. Both soluble ferrous iron and sulfide, as well as iron monosulfide (FeS) were shown to abiologically reduce iodate to iodide. These results indicate that ferric iron and/or sulfate reducing bacteria are capable of mediating both direct, enzymatic, as well as abiotic reduction of iodate in natural anaerobic environments. These microbially mediated reactions may be important factors in the fate and transport of 129I in natural systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer ","doi":"10.1023/A:1018370423790","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Councell, T., Landa, E.R., and Lovley, D.R., 1997, Microbial reduction of iodate: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 100, no. 1-2, p. 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018370423790.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267628,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018370423790"},{"id":228082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a565be4b0c8380cd6d52b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Councell, T.B.","contributorId":44187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Councell","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019524,"text":"70019524 - 1997 - Hydrological and chemical estimates of the water balance of a closed-basin lake in north central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:21:48","indexId":"70019524","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological and chemical estimates of the water balance of a closed-basin lake in north central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Chemical mass balances for sodium, magnesium, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, and oxygen 18 were used to estimate groundwater seepage to and from Williams Lake, Minnesota, over a 15-month period, from April 1991 through June 1992. Groundwater seepage to the lake and seepage from the lake to groundwater were determined independently using a flow net approach using data from water table wells installed as part of the study. Hydrogeological analysis indicated groundwater seepage to the lake accounted for 74% of annual water input to the lake; the remainder came from atmospheric precipitation, as determined from a gage in the watershed and from nearby National Weather Service gages. Seepage from the lake accounted for 69% of annual water losses from the lake; the remainder was removed by evaporation, as determined by the energy budget method. Calculated annual water loss exceeded calculated annual water gain, and this imbalance was double the value of the independently measured decrease in lake volume. Seepage to the lake determined from oxygen 18 was larger (79% of annual water input) than that determined from the flow net approach and made the difference between calculated annual water gain and loss consistent with the independently measured decrease in lake volume. Although the net difference between volume of seepage to the lake and volume of seepage from the lake was 1% of average lake volume, movement of water into and out of the lake by seepage represented an annual exchange of groundwater with the lake equal to 26–27% of lake volume. Estimates of seepage to the lake from sodium, magnesium, chloride, and dissolved organic carbon did not agree with the values determined from flow net approach or oxygen 18. These results indicated the importance of using a combination of hydrogeological and chemical approaches to define volume of seepage to and from Williams Lake and identify uncertainties in chemical fluxes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR02427","usgsCitation":"LaBaugh, J.W., Winter, T.C., Rosenberry, D.O., Schuster, P.F., Reddy, M.M., and Aiken, G.R., 1997, Hydrological and chemical estimates of the water balance of a closed-basin lake in north central Minnesota: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 12, p. 2799-2812, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR02427.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2799","endPage":"2812","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Williams Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.67612028121948,\n 46.948504487557834\n ],\n [\n -94.66281652450562,\n 46.948504487557834\n ],\n [\n -94.66281652450562,\n 46.9591673117941\n ],\n [\n -94.67612028121948,\n 46.9591673117941\n ],\n [\n -94.67612028121948,\n 46.948504487557834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36a9e4b0c8380cd608c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reddy, Michael M. mmreddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Michael","email":"mmreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1015833,"text":"1015833 - 1997 - Nesting season food habits of 4 species of herons and egrets at Lake Okeechobee, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T14:20:35.045574","indexId":"1015833","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting season food habits of 4 species of herons and egrets at Lake Okeechobee, Florida","docAbstract":"Based on the composition of nestling regurgitations collected during 3 breeding seasons, fish were the most important prey group for Great Egrets (Ardea alba: N = 200 nest-day samples; aggregate percent biomass [APB] = 73.4%), Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula: N = 115; APB = 91.4%), and Tricolored Herons (E. tricolor: N = 68; APB = 97.3%). For Little Blue Herons (E. caerulea: N = 57), grass shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus; APB = 39.7%) ranked higher in overall importance than all fishes combined (APB = 36.5%). Dietary overlap, as measured by Schoener's Similarity Index, was greatest between Snowy Egrets and Tricolored Herons (77%) and lowest between Tricolored Herons and Little Blue Herons (30%). Diet diversity, as measured by Shannon's Index, was highest for Great Egrets (2.04), intermediate for Snowy Egrets (1.71) and Tricolored Herons (1.68), and lowest for Little Blue Herons (1.60). Great Egrets ate a wider variety of fish species and sizes, especially larger fishes, and more crayfish than the other species. Little Blue Herons ate fewer fish and more grass shrimp and insects, and ate smaller forage fishes than Tricolored Herons but similar-sized fish as Snowy Egrets. The coarse-scale trophic composition of Snowy Egret and Tricolored Heron diets did not differ significantly, but Tricolored Herons ate larger forage fishes than Snowy Egrets. Pronounced interannual and intercolony variation in diet composition suggested that Great Egrets and Little Blue Herons switched prey types as hydrologic conditions and habitat availability changed. Conversely, lack of such variation suggested that Snowy Egrets and Tricolored Herons adjusted their foraging tactics to ensure continued encounters with preferred prey despite changing habitat conditions. These results are generally consistent with other published data, help confirm some generalizations about foraging strategies and patterns of niche differentiation among these ecologically similar species, and have implications for managing the Lake Okeechobee ecosystem.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521686","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., 1997, Nesting season food habits of 4 species of herons and egrets at Lake Okeechobee, Florida: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 2, p. 198-220, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521686.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.38184578069523,\n 27.37177026751857\n ],\n [\n -81.38184578069523,\n 26.490243449146305\n ],\n [\n -80.31617195257014,\n 26.490243449146305\n ],\n [\n -80.31617195257014,\n 27.37177026751857\n ],\n [\n -81.38184578069523,\n 27.37177026751857\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af44e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Jeff P.","contributorId":79852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jeff P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019521,"text":"70019521 - 1997 - Concentration and transport of chlordane and nonachlor associated with suspended sediment in the Mississippi River, May 1988 to June 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T10:59:44","indexId":"70019521","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentration and transport of chlordane and nonachlor associated with suspended sediment in the Mississippi River, May 1988 to June 1990","docAbstract":"Technical chlordane, a formerly widely used organochlorine pesticide, has become widespread in the environment. The distribution of technical chlordane in riverine environments may be due in part to resuspension and aqueous transport of contaminated bed sediment. To test this hypothesis, the Mississippi River was sampled for suspended sediment five times over a two- year period, at up to 17 sites from St. Louis to below New Orleans, including major tributaries. The ratio of chlordane to nonachlor concentrations averaged 3.6 during May-June 1988 for the Mississippi River below its confluence with the Ohio River. During March-April 1989, the ratio was 0.6, suggesting weathered technical chlordane contributions to the suspended sediment. During June 1989, the ratio averaged 1.1, indicating some input of less weathered technical chlordane. During February-March and May-June 1990, the ratios again shifted, from 0.8 to 1.3. This shifting ratio is likely due to resuspension of weathered technical chlordane associated with bed sediment during spring runoff. Annual transport by suspended sediment from the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico was estimated to be 110 kg of chlordane and 100 kg of nonachlor.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900266","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C., 1997, Concentration and transport of chlordane and nonachlor associated with suspended sediment in the Mississippi River, May 1988 to June 1990: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 33, no. 4, p. 369-377, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900266.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -96.15234375,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 45.79816953017265\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -92.5048828125,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 28.806173508854776\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -88.8134765625,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 32.879587173066305\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -88.9892578125,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -88.8134765625,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 42.94033923363181\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 46.76996843356982\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f97ce4b0c8380cd4d61f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019508,"text":"70019508 - 1997 - Marine bacterial degradation of brominated methanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T05:44:25","indexId":"70019508","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine bacterial degradation of brominated methanes","docAbstract":"Brominated methanes are ozone-depleting compounds whose natural sources include marine algae such as kelp. Brominated methane degradation by bacteria was investigated to address whether bacterial processes might effect net emission of these compounds to the atmosphere. Bacteria in seawater collected from California kelp beds degraded CH2Br2 but not CHBr3. Specific inhibitors showed that methanotrophs and nitrifiers did not significantly contribute to CH2Br2 removal. A seawater enrichment culture oxidized 14CH2Br2 to 14CO2 as well as 14CH3Br to 14CO2. The rates of CH2Br2 degradation in laboratory experiments suggest that bacterial degradation of CH2Br2 in a kelp bed accounts for <1% of the CH2Br2 produced by the kelp. However, the half-life of CH2Br2 due to bacterial removal appears faster than hydrolysis and within an order of magnitude of volatilization to the atmosphere.Brominated methanes are ozone-depleting compounds whose natural sources include marine algae such as kelp. Brominated methane degradation by bacteria was investigated to address whether bacterial processes might effect net emission of these compounds to the atmosphere. Bacteria in seawater collected from California kelp beds degraded CH2Br2 but not CHBr3. Specific inhibitors showed that methanotrophs and nitrifiers did not significantly contribute to CH2Br2 removal. A seawater enrichment culture oxidized 14CH2Br2 to 14CO2 as well as 14CH3Br to 14CO2. The rates of CH2Br2 degradation in laboratory experiments suggest that bacterial degradation of CH2Br2 in a kelp bed accounts for <1% of the CH2Br2 produced by the kelp. However, the half-life of CH2Br2 due to bacterial removal appears faster than hydrolysis and within an order of magnitude of volatilization to the atmosphere.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es970165g","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, K., Lidstrom, M., and Oremland, R., 1997, Marine bacterial degradation of brominated methanes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 11, p. 3188-3192, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970165g.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3188","endPage":"3192","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205732,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970165g"},{"id":226472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51cbe4b0c8380cd6bf3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwin, K.D.","contributorId":45472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidstrom, M.E.","contributorId":93207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidstrom","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019658,"text":"70019658 - 1997 - Geochemical mole-balance modeling with uncertain data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-08T16:15:35","indexId":"70019658","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical mole-balance modeling with uncertain data","docAbstract":"Geochemical mole-balance models are sets of chemical reactions that quantitatively account for changes in the chemical and isotopic composition of water along a flow path. A revised mole-balance formulation that includes an uncertainty term for each chemical and isotopic datum is derived. The revised formulation is comprised of mole-balance equations for each element or element redox state, alkalinity, electrons, solvent water, and each isotope; a charge-balance equation and an equation that relates the uncertainty terms for pH, alkalinity, and total dissolved inorganic carbon for each aqueous solution; inequality constraints on the size of the uncertainty terms; and inequality constraints on the sign of the mole transfer of reactants. The equations and inequality constraints are solved by a modification of the simplex algorithm combined with an exhaustive search for unique combinations of aqueous solutions and reactants for which the equations and inequality constraints can be solved and the uncertainty terms minimized. Additional algorithms find only the simplest mole-balance models and determine the ranges of mixing fractions for each solution and mole transfers for each reactant that are consistent with specified limits on the uncertainty terms. The revised formulation produces simpler and more robust mole-balance models and allows the significance of mixing fractions and mole transfers to be evaluated. In an example from the central Oklahoma aquifer, inclusion of up to 5% uncertainty in the chemical data can reduce the number of reactants in mole-balance models from seven or more to as few as three, these being cation exchange, dolomite dissolution, and silica precipitation. In another example from the Madison aquifer, inclusion of the charge-balance constraint requires significant increases in the mole transfers of calcite, dolomite, and organic matter, which reduce the estimated maximum carbon 14 age of the sample by about 10,000 years, from 22,700 years to 12,600 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR01125","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., 1997, Geochemical mole-balance modeling with uncertain data: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 8, p. 1957-1970, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR01125.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1957","endPage":"1970","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487270,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr01125","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1689e4b0c8380cd551ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019487,"text":"70019487 - 1997 - Effects of exchanged cation and layer charge on the sorption of water and EGME vapors on montmorillonite clays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:54:07","indexId":"70019487","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of exchanged cation and layer charge on the sorption of water and EGME vapors on montmorillonite clays","docAbstract":"The effects of exchanged cation and layer charge on the sorption of water and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) vapors on montmorillonite have been studied on SAz-1 and SWy-1 source clays, each exchanged respectively with Ca, Na, K, Cs and tetramethylammonium (TMA) cations. The corresponding lattice expansions were also determined, and the corresponding N2 adsorption data were provided for comparison. For clays exchanged with cations of low hydrating powers (such as K, Cs and TMA), water shows a notably lower uptake than does N2 at low relative pressures (P/P0). By contrast, EGME shows higher uptakes than N2 on all exchanged clays at all P/P0. The anomaly for water is attributed to its relatively low attraction for siloxane surfaces of montmorillonite because of its high cohesive energy density. In addition to solvating cations and expanding interlayers, water and EGME vapors condense into small clay pores and interlayer voids created by interlayer expansion. The initial (dry) interlayer separation varies more significantly with cation type than with layer charge; the water-saturated interlayer separation varies more with cation type than the EGME-saturated interlayer separation. Because of the differences in surface adsorption and interlayer expansion for water and EGME, no general correspondence is found between the isotherms of water and EGME on exchanged clays, nor is a simple relation observed between the overall uptake of either vapor and the cation solvating power. The excess interlayer capacities of water and of EGME that result from lattice expansion of the exchanged clays are estimated by correcting for amounts of vapor adsorption on planar clay surfaces and of vapor condensation into intrinsic clay pores. The resulting data follow more closely the relative solvating powers of the exchanged cations.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450611","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., and Rutherford, D.W., 1997, Effects of exchanged cation and layer charge on the sorption of water and EGME vapors on montmorillonite clays: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 45, no. 6, p. 867-880, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450611.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"867","endPage":"880","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06e2e4b0c8380cd51476","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, Cary T. 0000-0002-8743-0702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-0702","contributorId":189558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, David W. dwruther@usgs.gov","contributorId":1325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"David","email":"dwruther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":382919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}