{"pageNumber":"4014","pageRowStart":"100325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70017916,"text":"70017916 - 1994 - Effects of flow duration on local scour at bridge piers in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017916","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of flow duration on local scour at bridge piers in New York","docAbstract":"The relation of local scour to the duration of high flows and other hydraulic properties is being studied at 31 bridge sites in New York State. Clear-water scour is common at most of the sites, and local-scour holes that formed during prolonged high flows did not refill during flow recessions. The deepening of about 20 local-scour holes by subsequent high flows indicates that the length of time a flow exceeds a given discharge can affect local scour at a site. Many high flows of short duration did not cause scour. Hourly discharge data collected at nearby U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations were used to develop a hydrograph-based factor that incorporates the duration and magnitude of high flows and the shape of the hydrograph (runoff rate per hour). This factor improved statistically derived estimates of local-scour depth. Combining the hydrograph-based factor with a momentum factor that represents flow velocity, water depth, and bed-material size decreased the standard error of estimate from 60 to 55 percent and increased the coefficient of determination from 0.66 to 0.73. The streambed of the Cohocton River at State Route 333 in Steuben County was lowered 40-60 cm near a pier during a high flow that exceeded the mean-annual peak discharge (Q2) for 71 hours March 31-April 3, 1993. A similar high flow at this site March 30-31, 1993 exceeded the Q2 for 21 hours but produced no scour. The streambed of the Otselic River at State Route 333 in Cortland County was lowered 170 cm near the pier during a high flow that exceeded the Q2 for 27 hours April 10-11, 1993; 30 cm of this scour occurred during the flow recession.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1994 ASCE National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"1 August 1994 through 5 August 1994","conferenceLocation":"Buffalo, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"10701559","isbn":"0784400377","usgsCitation":"Butch, G.K., and Lumia, R., 1994, Effects of flow duration on local scour at bridge piers in New York, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 1, Buffalo, NY, USA, 1 August 1994 through 5 August 1994, p. 46-50.","startPage":"46","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06f6e4b0c8380cd514d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butch, Gerard K. gkbutch@usgs.gov","contributorId":914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butch","given":"Gerard","email":"gkbutch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":377909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":377910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":47867,"text":"fs03494 - 1994 - Out-of-print maps","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47867,"text":"fs03494 - 1994 - Out-of-print maps","indexId":"fs03494","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Out-of-print maps"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5602,"text":"fs15499 - 1999 - Historical Mapping","indexId":"fs15499","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Historical Mapping"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":5602,"text":"fs15499 - 1999 - Historical Mapping","indexId":"fs15499","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Historical Mapping"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"fs03494","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"034-94","title":"Out-of-print maps","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs03494","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994, Out-of-print maps (Superceded by Fact Sheet 154-99): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 034-94, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03494.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Superceded by Fact Sheet 154-99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18451,"text":"ofr942B - 1994 - Data for four drill holes, Mount Margaret copper-molybdenum-gold deposit, Skamania County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-18T07:34:46","indexId":"ofr942B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-2","chapter":"B","title":"Data for four drill holes, Mount Margaret copper-molybdenum-gold deposit, Skamania County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr942B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., 1994, Data for four drill holes, Mount Margaret copper-molybdenum-gold deposit, Skamania County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-2, 1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr942B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277760,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0002b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c945","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72530,"text":"ofr94519 - 1994 - Stream-channel changes in response to volcanic detritus under natural and augmented discharge, South Coldwater Creek, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T13:16:32","indexId":"ofr94519","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-519","title":"Stream-channel changes in response to volcanic detritus under natural and augmented discharge, South Coldwater Creek, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94519","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.F., 1994, Stream-channel changes in response to volcanic detritus under natural and augmented discharge, South Coldwater Creek, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-519, 137 p.; 3 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94519.","productDescription":"137 p.; 3 Plates","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a50d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017941,"text":"70017941 - 1994 - Recent exploration and development of geothermal energy resources in the Escalante desert region, Southwestern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017941","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1141,"text":"Bulletin. Geothermal Resources Council","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent exploration and development of geothermal energy resources in the Escalante desert region, Southwestern Utah","docAbstract":"Development of geothermal resources in southwest Utah's Sevier thermal area continued in the early 1990s with expansion of existing power-generation facilities. Completion of the Bud L. Bonnett geothermal power plant at the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale geothermal area brought total power generation capacity of the facility to 13.5 MWe (gross). At Cove Fort-Sulphurdate, recent declines in steam pressures within the shallow, vapor-dominated part of the resource prompted field developers to complete additional geothermal supply wells into the deeper, liquid-dominated portion of the resource. At Roosevelt Hot Springs near Milford, Intermountain Geothermal Company completed an additional supply well for Utah Power and Light Company's single-flash, Blundell plant. with the increased geothermal fluid supply from the new well, the Blundell plant now produces about 26 MWe (gross). The authors conducted several geothermal resource studies in undeveloped thermal areas in southwest Utah. Previous studies at Newcastle revealed a well-defined, self-potential minimum coincident with the intersection of major faults and the center of the heatflow anomaly. A detailed self-potential survey at Wood's Ranch, an area in northwest Iron County where thermal water was encountered in shallow wells, revealed a large (5,900 ?? 2,950 feet [1,800 ?? 900 m]) northeast-oriented self-potential anomaly which possibly results from the flow of shallow thermal fluid. Chemical geothermometry applied to Wood's Ranch water samples suggest reservoir temperatures between 230 and 248??F (110 and 120??C). At the Thermo Hot Springs geothermal area near Minersville, detailed self-potential surveys have also revealed an interesting 100 mV negative anomaly possibly related to the upward flow of hydrothermal fluid.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin. Geothermal Resources Council","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01607782","usgsCitation":"Blackett, R.E., and Ross, H.P., 1994, Recent exploration and development of geothermal energy resources in the Escalante desert region, Southwestern Utah: Bulletin. Geothermal Resources Council, v. 23, no. 1, p. 3-20.","startPage":"3","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9617e4b0c8380cd81dce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackett, Robert E.","contributorId":83674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Howard P.","contributorId":31928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015809,"text":"1015809 - 1994 - Vertical distribution of a deep-water moss and associated epiphytes in Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:58","indexId":"1015809","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical distribution of a deep-water moss and associated epiphytes in Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"A one-person submersible was used to examine the vertical distribution of the deep-water moss\r\nDrepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst in Crater Lake (Oregon). Living specimens were found\r\nattached to sediment and rocks at depths between 25 m and 140 m. Dense beds of the moss\r\nwere observed at depths between 30 m and 80 m, a region that corresponded roughly to the\r\nzone of maximum primary production by phytoplankton. The moss population supported a diverse\r\nassemblage of epiphytic algae, of which the most abundant genera included Cladophora,Oedogonium, Rhizoclonium, Tribonema, Vaucheria, and the diatoms Cocconeis,\r\nCymbella, Epithemia, Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Melosira, Navicula, and Synedra. Chemical and\r\nphysical data supported the hypothesis that the lower limit of distribution of the moss is\r\ndetermined by light limitation, whereas the upper limit is related to the availability of nutrients, particularly nitrate-nitrogen and trace elements. Deep-water videotapes of the moss population indicated that D. aduncus with its epiphytic algae was abundant enough in regions associated with the metalimnion and upper hypolimnion to have a potential influence on the nutrient dynamics of the Crater Lake ecosystem. Although the maximum depth at which living bryophytes occur in Crater Lake is similar to that found for Lake Tahoe, conditions in Lake Tahoe allow the growth and survival of a much more diverse assemblage of bryophytes and charophytes than is present in Crater Lake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"McIntire, C.D., Phinney, H., Larson, G.L., and Buktenica, M., 1994, Vertical distribution of a deep-water moss and associated epiphytes in Crater Lake, Oregon: Northwest Science, v. 68, no. 1, p. 11-21.","productDescription":"p. 11-21","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6021c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntire, C. D.","contributorId":35274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntire","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phinney, H.K.","contributorId":30961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phinney","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buktenica, M.W.","contributorId":68263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buktenica","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017527,"text":"70017527 - 1994 - Statistical forecasting of repetitious dome failures during the waning eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, February-April 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70017527","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical forecasting of repetitious dome failures during the waning eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, February-April 1990","docAbstract":"The waning phase of the 1989-1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano in the Cook Inlet region of south-central Alaska comprised a quasi-regular pattern of repetitious dome growth and destruction that lasted from February 15 to late April 1990. The dome failures produced ash plumes hazardous to airline traffic. In response to this hazard, the Alaska Volcano Observatory sought to forecast these ash-producing events using two approaches. One approach built on early successes in issuing warnings before major eruptions on December 14, 1989 and January 2, 1990. These warnings were based largely on changes in seismic activity related to the occurrence of precursory swarms of long-period seismic events. The search for precursory swarms of long-period seismicity was continued through the waning phase of the eruption and led to warnings before tephra eruptions on March 23 and April 6. The observed regularity of dome failures after February 15 suggested that a statistical forecasting method based on a constant-rate failure model might also be successful. The first statistical forecast was issued on March 16 after seven events had occurred, at an average interval of 4.5 days. At this time, the interval between dome failures abruptly lengthened. Accordingly, the forecast was unsuccessful and further forecasting was suspended until the regularity of subsequent failures could be confirmed. Statistical forecasting resumed on April 12, after four dome failure episodes separated by an average of 7.8 days. One dome failure (April 15) was successfully forecast using a 70% confidence window, and a second event (April 21) was narrowly missed before the end of the activity. The cessation of dome failures after April 21 resulted in a concluding false alarm. Although forecasting success during the eruption was limited, retrospective analysis shows that early and consistent application of the statistical method using a constant-rate failure model and a 90% confidence window could have yielded five successful forecasts and two false alarms; no events would have been missed. On closer examination, the intervals between successive dome failures are not uniform but tend to increase with time. This increase attests to the continuous, slowly decreasing supply of magma to the surface vent during the waning phase of the eruption. The domes formed in a precarious position in a breach in the summit crater rim where they were susceptible to gravitational collapse. The instability of the February 15-April 21 domes relative to the earlier domes is attributed to reaming the lip of the vent by a laterally directed explosion during the major dome-destroying eruption of February 15, a process which would leave a less secure foundation for subsequent domes. ?? 1994.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Page, R., Lahr, J., Chouet, B., Power, J., and Stephens, C., 1994, Statistical forecasting of repetitious dome failures during the waning eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, February-April 1990: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 183-196.","startPage":"183","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b972de4b08c986b31b915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, R.A.","contributorId":40197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahr, J.C.","contributorId":34892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Power, J.A.","contributorId":20765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephens, C.D.","contributorId":18752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017090,"text":"70017090 - 1994 - Adsorption and desorption of atrazine and deethylatrazine by low organic carbon geologic materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T22:53:39.498062","indexId":"70017090","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adsorption and desorption of atrazine and deethylatrazine by low organic carbon geologic materials","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The adsorption and desorption of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) and a primary metabolite, deethylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine; DEA), by low organic C (≤ 3.3 g kg<sup>−1</sup>) materials were measured by batch-equilibrium techniques. The adsorbents were samples of glacial outwash sand, till, and stream sediments. The adsorption of both atrazine and DEA conformed to linear isotherms. The adsorption of atrazine by most of the adsorbents yielded apparent K<sub>oc</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values that were in excess of those based on surface agricultural soils. Adsorption correlated with only the pH of the sand-water suspensions. The desorption of atrazine was hysteretic under the conditions of the measurement. DEA had a lower affinity for the same adsorbents; the mean ratio of K<sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values of DEA to those of atrazine was 0.37 ± 0.20. DEA adsorption did not correlate with organic C, surface area, clay content of the adsorbents, or with the pH of the suspensions. DEA adsorption, unlike atrazine, tended to be reversible. There was a linear relationship between the adsorption constants of atrazine and those of DEA.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300030021x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Roy, W.R., and Krapac, I., 1994, Adsorption and desorption of atrazine and deethylatrazine by low organic carbon geologic materials: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 23, no. 3, p. 549-556, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300030021x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"549","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6fae4b0c8380cd47775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017088,"text":"70017088 - 1994 - Seismicity trends and potential for large earthquakes in the Alaska-Aleutian region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017088","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity trends and potential for large earthquakes in the Alaska-Aleutian region","docAbstract":"The high likelihood of a gap-filling thrust earthquake in the Alaska subduction zone within this decade is indicated by two independent methods: analysis of historic earthquake recurrence data and time-to-failure analysis applied to recent decades of instrumental data. Recent (May 1993) earthquake activity in the Shumagin Islands gap is consistent with previous projections of increases in seismic release, indicating that this segment, along with the Alaska Peninsula segment, is approaching failure. Based on this pattern of accelerating seismic release, we project the occurrence of one or more M???7.3 earthquakes in the Shumagin-Alaska Peninsula region during 1994-1996. Different segments of the Alaska-Aleutian seismic zone behave differently in the decade or two preceding great earthquakes, some showing acceleration of seismic release (type \"A\" zones), while others show deceleration (type \"D\" zones). The largest Alaska-Aleutian earthquakes-in 1957, 1964, and 1965-originated in zones that exhibit type D behavior. Type A zones currently showing accelerating release are the Shumagin, Alaska Peninsula, Delarof, and Kommandorski segments. Time-to-failure analysis suggests that the large earthquakes could occur in these latter zones within the next few years. ?? 1994 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00875969","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C., Nishenko, S., and Varnes, D.J., 1994, Seismicity trends and potential for large earthquakes in the Alaska-Aleutian region: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 142, no. 1, p. 83-99, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00875969.","startPage":"83","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205499,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875969"}],"volume":"142","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bc8e4b08c986b317a99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishenko, S.P.","contributorId":8072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishenko","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Varnes, D. J.","contributorId":85201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017756,"text":"70017756 - 1994 - Two episodes of meltwater influx from glacial Lake Agassiz into the Lake Michigan basin and their climatic contrasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:39:32","indexId":"70017756","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two episodes of meltwater influx from glacial Lake Agassiz into the Lake Michigan basin and their climatic contrasts","docAbstract":"Two episodes of meltwater influx from glacial Lake Agassiz are recorded as prominent sedimentologic, isotopic, magnetic, and faunal signatures in southern Lake Michigan profundal sediments. As a tributary to the main path of eastward Lake Agassiz flow, southern Lake Michigan recorded only the largest, catastrophic discharges. The distinctive Wilmette Bed, a massive gray mud that interrrupts laminated red glaciolacustrine clays, marks the first episode, which occurred near the beginning of the Younger Dryas cooling events. The associated discharge may have played a role in the inception or severity of the Younger Dryas event. An oxygen isotope excursion in biogenic carbonate and changes in ostracode assemblages mark the second episode, which appears to have had at least two pulses, dated by accelerator mass spectrometer 14C ages on biogenic carbonate at about 8.9 and 8.6 ka. The second episode occurred during the early Holocene peak in global meltwater discharge and apparently had little widespread climatic or oceanographic effect. The contrast between the effects associated with these two episodes of meltwater discharge emphasizes the complexity of the ice sheet-ocean-climate system. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0547:TEOMIF>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Keigwin, L., and Forester, R.M., 1994, Two episodes of meltwater influx from glacial Lake Agassiz into the Lake Michigan basin and their climatic contrasts: Geology, v. 22, no. 6, p. 547-550, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0547:TEOMIF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"550","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -101,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -101,\n              40\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb94fe4b08c986b327bbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":377478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keigwin, L.D.","contributorId":27213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigwin","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017730,"text":"70017730 - 1994 - Petroleum geochemistry of the Zala basin, Hungary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T17:55:27.113691","indexId":"70017730","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum geochemistry of the Zala basin, Hungary","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Zala basin is a subbasin within the Pannonian basin of Hungary. Oil and smaller amounts of gas are produced from Upper Triassic through Miocene reservoirs. Our geochemical study of oils and rocks in the basin indicate that two, and possibly three, genetic oil types are present in the basin. Miocene source rocks, previously believed by explorationists to be the predominant source rock, have expelled minor amounts of hydrocarbons. The main source rock is the Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) Kossen Marl Formation or its stratigraphic equivalent. Oils derived from the Triassic source rock are recognizable by their isotopic and biological marker composition, and high content of metals. In other areas of Europe, Upper Triassic source rocks have been correlated with large oil accum lations (e.g., Molassa and Villafortuna fields, Po basin, and other fields in Italy) or are postulated to be good potential source rocks (e.g., Bristol Channel Trough). Knowledge of the geochemical characteristics of oils derived from these Upper Triassic source rocks and understanding of the source rock distribution and maturation history are important for recognizing Triassic oil-source bed relationships and for further exploration in other basins in Hungary and other parts of Europe where Triassic source rocks are present.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/BDFF9000-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Clayton, J.L., and Koncz, I., 1994, Petroleum geochemistry of the Zala basin, Hungary: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 78, no. 1, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF9000-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Hungary","otherGeospatial":"Zala basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              16.38982817825371,\n              46.75857707780057\n            ],\n            [\n              16.38982817825371,\n              46.50067213749065\n            ],\n            [\n              16.982589117082284,\n              46.50067213749065\n            ],\n            [\n              16.982589117082284,\n              46.75857707780057\n            ],\n            [\n              16.38982817825371,\n              46.75857707780057\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a77c8e4b0c8380cd78590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clayton, Jerry L.","contributorId":12486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koncz, I.","contributorId":86111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koncz","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014928,"text":"1014928 - 1994 - Metal concentration in the gill, gastrointestinal tract, and carcass of white suckers (<i>Catostomus commersoni</i>) in relation to lake acidity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:32:28","indexId":"1014928","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal concentration in the gill, gastrointestinal tract, and carcass of white suckers (<i>Catostomus commersoni</i>) in relation to lake acidity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Adult white suckers were collected from four lakes in Maine that ranged in pH from 7.0 to 5.4. The gastrointestinal tract and remainder of the carcass of fishes of similar age and size from each lake, and gills from additional fishes of similar size, were analyzed for Al, Cd, Pb, and Zn. Carcasses were also analyzed for Hg. Concentrations of Al, Cd, and Pb were highest in the gastrointestinal tract and lowest in the carcass; Zn concentration was highest in the gill. For carcass, all metals except Al differed significantly among lakes, for gill tissue Cd and Pb differed, and for gastrointestinal tract, only Cd differed among lakes. Where differences were significant, patterns among lakes were similar in each tissue analyzed. Concentrations of Cd, Hg, and Pb were negatively correlated with lake water pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), Ca, and lake:watershed area, and positively correlated with lake water SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, indicating that concentrations were higher in fish from more acidic lakes. Zinc concentrations in gills were unrelated to lake acidity, and carcass concentrations were higher in the less acidic lakes, which is the opposite of the pattern for the other metals studied. Zinc in gastrointestinal tract did not differ among lakes. Although the lakes we studied were located in undisturbed watersheds and did not receive any point source discharges, fish metal concentrations were comparable to or higher than those reported from waters receiving industrial discharges.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00477991","usgsCitation":"Haines, T., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 1994, Metal concentration in the gill, gastrointestinal tract, and carcass of white suckers (<i>Catostomus commersoni</i>) in relation to lake acidity: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 73, no. 1, p. 265-274, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00477991.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267639,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477991"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6256d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017412,"text":"70017412 - 1994 - Rapid determination of global moment-tensor solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-13T00:57:41.71348","indexId":"70017412","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid determination of global moment-tensor solutions","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>In an effort to improve data services, the National Earthquake Information Center has begun a program, in cooperation with the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center (IRIS DMC), to produce rapid estimates of the seismic moment tensor for most earthquakes with a body-wave magnitude of 5.8 or greater. Although this program is still undergoing testing and fine-tuning, an estimate of the moment tensor can usually be produced within 20 minutes of the arrival of the broadband<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>-waveform data from the IRIS DMC. Although the speed with which this data can be obtained varies, in many cases a solution can be obtained within two hours of the earthquake. These solutions do not vary significantly from the final solutions determined using the entire network. Because of the manner in which the data and the synthetic seismograms are aligned, the method is insensitive to the effects of timing errors, epicentral mislocation, and lateral heterogeneity in earth structure. This procedure was implemented in May 1993; the results from that month are presented here.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94GL01429","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., 1994, Rapid determination of global moment-tensor solutions: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 21, no. 16, p. 1667-1670, https://doi.org/10.1029/94GL01429.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1667","endPage":"1670","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94d0e4b0c8380cd8161f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017409,"text":"70017409 - 1994 - First recognition of the genus Verneuilia Hall and Clarke (Brachiopoda, Spiriferida) from North America (west-central Alaska)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T10:59:16.44687","indexId":"70017409","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First recognition of the genus Verneuilia Hall and Clarke (Brachiopoda, Spiriferida) from North America (west-central Alaska)","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>The brachiopod genus<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Verneuilia</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Hall and Clarke, 1893, is recognized for the first time in North America, where it is represented by a new species described here,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">V. langenstrasseni.</span><span>&nbsp;</span>This occurrence not only extends the geographic range of the genus, but also the lower age and stratigraphic limit into the Eifelian (early Middle Devonian). Previously, the oldest known species was the type,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">V. cheiropteryx</span><span>&nbsp;</span>d'Archiac and de Verneuil, 1842, from the Givetian (late Middle Devonian) of Germany. Internal structures of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">V. langenstrasseni</span><span>&nbsp;</span>n. sp. are similar to those of genera in the ambocoeliid subfamily Rhynchospiriferinae, providing the first good evidence of a systematic relationship.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000034235","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, R.B., and Johnson, J., 1994, First recognition of the genus Verneuilia Hall and Clarke (Brachiopoda, Spiriferida) from North America (west-central Alaska): Journal of Paleontology, v. 68, no. 6, p. 1240-1242, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000034235.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1240","endPage":"1242","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a105be4b0c8380cd53c32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, R. B.","contributorId":25176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, J.G.","contributorId":83515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017408,"text":"70017408 - 1994 - Use of dissolved H2 concentrations to determine distribution of microbially catalyzed redox reactions in anoxic groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T19:27:25.939905","indexId":"70017408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Use of dissolved H<sub>2</sub> concentrations to determine distribution of microbially catalyzed redox reactions in anoxic groundwater","title":"Use of dissolved H2 concentrations to determine distribution of microbially catalyzed redox reactions in anoxic groundwater","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00056a005","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., Chapelle, F.H., and Woodward, J., 1994, Use of dissolved H2 concentrations to determine distribution of microbially catalyzed redox reactions in anoxic groundwater: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 7, p. 1205-1210, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00056a005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1205","endPage":"1210","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228417,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbee6e4b08c986b32984c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodward, J.C.","contributorId":62590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017135,"text":"70017135 - 1994 - Heterogeneity, Correlatives, and Proposed Stratigraphic Nomenclature of Hayes Tephra Set H, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterogeneity, Correlatives, and Proposed Stratigraphic Nomenclature of Hayes Tephra Set H, Alaska","docAbstract":"Several Holocene tephra deposits of Hayes volcano constitute a marker horizon in southern and east-central Alaska. Their identification is aided by high amphibole/pyroxene ratio and biotite in trace amounts, unique among Holocene tephra deposits of the region. However, correlations are obscured by chemical heterogeneity of the glass which occurs at a scale less than the size of a lapilli. Single-shard analyses confirm that the heterogeneity is due neither to fractionation nor to plagioclase microlites. The heterogeneity may be due to mixing of magmas prior to eruption. It is proposed that the deposits be informally called Hayes tephra set H.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1994.1032","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., 1994, Heterogeneity, Correlatives, and Proposed Stratigraphic Nomenclature of Hayes Tephra Set H, Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 41, no. 3, p. 285-288, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1032.","startPage":"285","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205502,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1032"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a308de4b0c8380cd5d736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017918,"text":"70017918 - 1994 - Basin richness and source rock disruption - a fundamental relationship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T08:26:52","indexId":"70017918","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2418,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basin richness and source rock disruption - a fundamental relationship","docAbstract":"Primary petroleum migration (expulsion from source rocks) remains the least understood parameter controlling the genesis of oil deposits. It is hypothesised that source rocks must be physically disrupted before meaningful expulsion can occur. Faulting, with accompanying significant fracturing, would appear to be the optimum naturally-occurring process for physical disruption of source rocks. If these hypotheses are valid, intensity of faulting in deeply-buried HC \"kitchens' containing mature source rocks should strongly correlate with increasing basin richness. This possible relationship is examined in this paper; it is found that there is a strong correlation of increasing basin richness with increasing structural intensity over and adjacent to basin depocentres. This correlation thus supports the hypothesis that physical disruption of mature source rocks is a necessary, and previously unappreciated, controlling parameter for oil expulsion. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-5457.1994.tb00112.x","issn":"01416421","usgsCitation":"Price, L., 1994, Basin richness and source rock disruption - a fundamental relationship: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 5-38, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1994.tb00112.x.","startPage":"5","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269624,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1994.tb00112.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efeee4b0c8380cd4a508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, L.C.","contributorId":48575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017085,"text":"70017085 - 1994 - Submerged and eroded drumlins off northeastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T10:16:45","indexId":"70017085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submerged and eroded drumlins off northeastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>Streamlined, oval-shaped, oriented topographic highs in Massachusetts Bay are identified as the erosional remnants of drumlins. The topographic highs correlate with outlines of lag gravel deposits on the sea floor and both the highs and lag gravel seafloor footprint have a distinct east-southeast long axis trend. This trend is similar to the preferred orientation of the long axes of drumlins in the Boston Basin and indicates the flow direction of the late Wisconsinan Laurentide Ice Sheet. Modification of the drumlins occurred during two passages of the shoreline, the first during the late Wisconsinan regression when the drumlins were only slightly eroded. The second passage of the shoreline occurred during the marine transgression, when erosion, in the form of cliff-face retreat, removed the upper part of the drumlins.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-555X(94)90051-5","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Oldale, R.N., Knebel, H., and Bothner, M., 1994, Submerged and eroded drumlins off northeastern Massachusetts: Geomorphology, v. 9, no. 4, p. 301-309, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(94)90051-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"309","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.2,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5,\n              42.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2,\n              42.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2,\n              42\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d3de4b08c986b31d70d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oldale, R. N.","contributorId":92680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":375344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017618,"text":"70017618 - 1994 - Calculation of 230ThU isochrons, ages, and errors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T23:49:46.648613","indexId":"70017618","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Calculation of <sup>230</sup>ThU isochrons, ages, and errors","title":"Calculation of 230ThU isochrons, ages, and errors","docAbstract":"<p><span>If analytical errors are responsible for the scatter of points on a&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup><span>Th-</span><sup>234</sup><span>U-</span><sup>238</sup><span>U isochron diagram, the isochron should be fitted by a technique that</span><span class=\"list-label\">1.</span>&nbsp;weights the points according to their analytical errors and error correlations, and</p><ul class=\"list\"><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">2. </span>either takes into account the presence of some of the same data in two coupled&nbsp;<i>XY</i>&nbsp;isochrons or (equivalently) uses a single, three-dimensional&nbsp;<i>XYZ</i>&nbsp;isochron.</li></ul><p><span>A method based on maximum-likelihood estimation is presented that fulfills these requirements, and the relevant equations for errors in age and initial </span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>234</mn></msup><mtext>U</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>238</mn></msup><mtext>U</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>234</sup>U<sup>238</sup>U</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;are given. Equations for estimating the necessary isotope-ratio errors and error-correlations for both alpha-spectrometric and mass-spectrometric data are also developed.</span><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(94)90229-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Ludwig, K., and Titterington, D., 1994, Calculation of 230ThU isochrons, ages, and errors: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 22, p. 5031-5042, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90229-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5031","endPage":"5042","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2fee4b0c8380cd4b52f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":377037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titterington, D.M.","contributorId":19318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titterington","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016983,"text":"70016983 - 1994 - Eruptive history and petrology of Mount Drum volcano, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-02T06:31:12","indexId":"70016983","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruptive history and petrology of Mount Drum volcano, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Mount Drum is one of the youngest volcanoes in the subduction-related Wrangell volcanic field (80x200 km) of southcentral Alaska. It lies at the northwest end of a series of large, andesite-dominated shield volcanoes that show a northwesterly progression of age from 26 Ma near the Alaska-Yukon border to about 0.2 Ma at Mount Drum. The volcano was constructed between 750 and 250 ka during at least two cycles of cone building and ring-dome emplacement and was partially destroyed by violent explosive activity probably after 250 ka. Cone lavas range from basaltic andesite to dacite in composition; ring-domes are dacite to rhyolite. The last constructional activity occurred in the vicinity of Snider Peak, on the south flank of the volcano, where extensive dacite flows and a dacite dome erupted at about 250 ka. The climactic explosive eruption, that destroyed the top and a part of the south flank of the volcano, produced more than 7 km3 of proximal hot and cold avalanche deposits and distal mudflows. The Mount Drum rocks have medium-K, calc-alkaline affinities and are generally plagioclase phyric. Silica contents range from 55.8 to 74.0 wt%, with a compositional gap between 66.8 and 72.8 wt%. All the rocks are enriched in alkali elements and depleted in Ta relative to the LREE, typical of volcanic arc rocks, but have higher MgO contents at a given SiO2, than typical orogenic medium-K andesites. Strontium-isotope ratios vary from 0.70292 to 0.70353. The compositional range of Mount Drum lavas is best explained by a combination of diverse parental magmas, magma mixing, and fractionation. The small, but significant, range in 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the basaltic andesites and the wide range of incompatible-element ratios exhibited by the basaltic andesites and andesites suggests the presence of compositionally diverse parent magmas. The lavas show abundant petrographic evidence of magma mixing, such as bimodal phenocryst size, resorbed phenocrysts, reaction rims, and disequilibrium mineral assemblages. In addition, some dacites and andesites contain Mg and Ni-rich olivines and/or have high MgO, Cr, Ni, Co, and Sc contents that are not in equilibrium with the host rock and indicate mixing between basalt or cumulate material and more evolved magmas. Incompatible element variations suggest that fractionation is responsible for some of the compositional range between basaltic andesite and dacite, but the rhyolites have K, Ba, Th, and Rb contents that are too low for the magmas to be generated by fractionation of the intermediate rocks. Limited Sr-isotope data support the possibility that the rhyolites may be partial melts of underlying volcanic rocks.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00279727","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Richter, D., Moll-Stalcup, E.J., Miller, T.P., Lanphere, M.A., Dalrymple, G.B., and Smith, R.L., 1994, Eruptive history and petrology of Mount Drum volcano, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 56, no. 1, p. 29-46, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279727.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"29","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.025390625,\n              57.040729838360875\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.328125,\n              57.040729838360875\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.328125,\n              70.55417853776078\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.025390625,\n              70.55417853776078\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.025390625,\n              57.040729838360875\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a56e4b0c8380cd522f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, D.H.","contributorId":43325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":375051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moll-Stalcup, E. J.","contributorId":26698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moll-Stalcup","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":375053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70017616,"text":"70017616 - 1994 - Modes of occurrence of potentially hazardous elements in coal: Levels of confidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T16:55:54.524191","indexId":"70017616","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1710,"text":"Fuel Processing Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modes of occurrence of potentially hazardous elements in coal: Levels of confidence","docAbstract":"<p><span>The modes of occurrence of the potentially hazardous elements in coal will be of significance in any attempt to reduce their mobilization due to coal combustion. Antimony and selenium may be present in solid solution in pyrite, as minute accessory sulfides dispersed throughout the organic matrix, or in organic association. Because of these modes of occurrence it is anticipated that less than 50% of these elements will be routinely removed by conventional coal cleaning procedures. Arsenic and mercury occur primarily in late-stage coarse-grained pyrite therefore physical coal cleaning procedures should be successful in removing substantial proportions of these elements. Cadmium occurs in sphalerite and lead in galena. Both of these minerals exhibit a wide range of particle sizes and textural relations. Depending on the particle size and textural relations, physical coal cleaning may remove as little as 25% of these elements or as much as 75%. Manganese in bituminous coal occurs in carbonates, especially siderite. Physical coal cleaning should remove a substantial proportion of this element. More information is needed to elucidate the modes of occurrence of beryllium, chromium, cobalt, and nickel.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0378-3820(94)90169-4","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., 1994, Modes of occurrence of potentially hazardous elements in coal: Levels of confidence: Fuel Processing Technology, v. 39, no. 1-3, p. 21-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3820(94)90169-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca9e4b0c8380cd6fe6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":85951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017056,"text":"70017056 - 1994 - Simulating effects of highway embankments on estuarine circulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T14:53:35.314099","indexId":"70017056","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2504,"text":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating effects of highway embankments on estuarine circulation","docAbstract":"<p><span>A two‐dimensional, depth‐averaged, finite‐difference, numerical model was used to simulate tidal circulation and mass transport in the Port Royal Sound, South Carolina, estuarine system. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the utility of the Surface‐Water, Integrated, Flow and Transport model (SWIFT2D) for evaluating changes in circulation patterns and mass transport caused by highway‐crossing embankments. A model of a subregion of Port Royal Sound including the highway crossings and having a grid size of 61 m (200 ft) was derived from a 183‐m (600‐ft) model of the entire Port Royal Sound estuarine system. The 183‐m model was used to compute boundary‐value data for the 61‐m submodel, which was then used to simulate flow conditions with and without the highway embankments in place. The numerical simulations show that, with the highway embankments in place, mass transport between the Broad River and Battery Creek is reduced and mass transport between the Beaufort River and Battery Creek is increased. The net result is that mass transport into and out of upper Battery Creek is reduced. The presence of the embankments also alters circulation patterns within Battery Creek.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1994)120:2(199)","issn":"0733950X","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., Schaffranek, R.W., and Baltzer, R.A., 1994, Simulating effects of highway embankments on estuarine circulation: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, v. 120, no. 2, p. 199-218, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1994)120:2(199).","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fd0e4b08c986b319153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Jonathan K.","contributorId":60186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baltzer, Robert A.","contributorId":34269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltzer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017053,"text":"70017053 - 1994 - An integrated data-directed numerical method for estimating the undiscovered mineral endowment in a region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017053","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated data-directed numerical method for estimating the undiscovered mineral endowment in a region","docAbstract":"An integrated data-directed numerical method has been developed to estimate the undiscovered mineral endowment within a given area. The method has been used to estimate the undiscovered uranium endowment in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, U.S.A. The favorability of uranium concentration was evaluated in each of 2,068 cells defined within the Basin. Favorability was based on the correlated similarity of the geologic characteristics of each cell to the geologic characteristics of five area-related deposit models. Estimates of the undiscovered endowment for each cell were categorized according to deposit type, depth, and cutoff grade. The method can be applied to any mineral or energy commodity provided that the data collected reflect discovered endowment. ?? 1994 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02286436","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"McCammon, R., Finch, W., Kork, J., and Bridges, N., 1994, An integrated data-directed numerical method for estimating the undiscovered mineral endowment in a region: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 3, no. 2, p. 109-122, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02286436.","startPage":"109","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205517,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02286436"},{"id":224627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea7fe4b0c8380cd488db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finch, W.I.","contributorId":75919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kork, J.O.","contributorId":86831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kork","given":"J.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bridges, N.J.","contributorId":20320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017052,"text":"70017052 - 1994 - Dissolution of bedded rock salt: A seismic profile across the active eastern margin of the Hutchinson Salt Member, central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T13:21:19","indexId":"70017052","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolution of bedded rock salt: A seismic profile across the active eastern margin of the Hutchinson Salt Member, central Kansas","docAbstract":"Since late Tertiary, bedded rock salt of the Permian Hutchinson Salt Member has been dissolved more-or-less continuously along its active eastern margin in central Kansas as a result of sustained contact with unconfined, undersaturated groundwater. The associated westward migration of the eastern margin has resulted in surface subsidence and the contemporaneous sedimentation of predominantly valley-filling Quarternary alluvium. In places, these alluvium deposits extend more than 25 km to the east of the present-day edge of the main body of contiguous rock salt. The margin could have receded this distance during the past several million years. From an environmental perspective, the continued leaching of the Hutchinson Salt is a major concern. This predominantly natural dissolution occurs in a broad zone across the central part of the State and adversely affects groundwater and surface-water quality as nonpoint source pollution. Significant surface subsidence occurs as well. Most of these subsidence features have formed gradually; others developed in a more catastrophic manner. The latter in particular pose real threats to roadways, railways, and buried oil and gas pipelines. In an effort to further clarify the process of natural salt dissolution in central Kansas and with the long-term goal of mitigating the adverse environmental affects of such leaching, the Kansas Geological Survey acquired a 4-km seismic profile across the eastern margin of the Hutchinson Salt in the Punkin Center area of central Kansas. The interpretation of these seismic data (and supporting surficial and borehole geologic control) is consistent with several hypotheses regarding the process and mechanisms of dissolution. More specifically these data support the theses that: 1. (1) Dissolution along the active eastern margin of the Hutchinson Salt Member was initiated during late Tertiary. Leaching has resulted in the steady westward migration of the eastern margin, surface subsidence, and the contemporaneous deposition of predominantly valley-filling Quarternary alluvium. 2. (2) Along the active eastern margin, the rock salt has been leached vertically from the top down, and horizontally along the uppermost remnant bedded soluble layer(s). As a result, the eastern margin thickens gradually (up to 90 m) and in a stepwise manner from east to west for distances on the order 5-15 km. 3. (3) In places, the Hutchinson Salt Member has been leached locally along NNE-trending paleoshear zones situated to the west of the present-day edge of the main body of contiguous rock salt. Leaching at these sites initiated when the main dissolution front impinged upon preexisting shear zones. ?? 1994.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(94)90120-1","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Anderson, N., Hopkins, J., Martinez, A., Knapp, R., Macfarlane, P.A., Watney, W., and Black, R., 1994, Dissolution of bedded rock salt: A seismic profile across the active eastern margin of the Hutchinson Salt Member, central Kansas: Computers & Geosciences, v. 20, no. 5, p. 889-903, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(94)90120-1.","startPage":"889","endPage":"903","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266160,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(94)90120-1"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a022ee4b0c8380cd4ff1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, N.L.","contributorId":55129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, J.","contributorId":92545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez, A.","contributorId":81260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knapp, R.W.","contributorId":98049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Watney, W.L.","contributorId":43087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watney","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Black, R.","contributorId":100693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70016985,"text":"70016985 - 1994 - Baseline element concentrations in soils and plants, Bull Island, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T13:11:31","indexId":"70016985","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline element concentrations in soils and plants, Bull Island, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Baseline element concentrations are given for Spanish moss (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Tillandsia usneoides</i>), loblolly pine (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Pinus taeda</i>), and associated soils. Baseline and variability data for ash, Al, Ba, C, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sc, Sr, Th, Ti, V, Y, and Zn are reported; however, not all variables are reported for all media because, in some media, certain elements were below the analytical detection limit. Spatial variation in element concentration among and within 0.5 km grid cells are given for each of the media. In general, only a few elements in Spanish moss showed statistically significant landscape patterns, whereas several elements in loblolly pine and in soils exhibited differences among sampling grids. Significant differences in the concentration of three elements in Spanish moss and eight elements (including total S) in loblolly pine were observed between two sampling dates (November and June); however, the absolute amount of these differences was small. Except for perhaps Ni and Pb concentrations in Spanish moss, element levels in all sample media exhibited ranges that indicate natural rather than anthropogenic additions of trace elements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01257145","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., Severson, R.C., and Jackson, L.L., 1994, Baseline element concentrations in soils and plants, Bull Island, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina, U.S.A.: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 74, no. 1-2, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01257145.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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