{"pageNumber":"402","pageRowStart":"10025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70019149,"text":"70019149 - 1997 - Tracing hydrologic pathways at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019149","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing hydrologic pathways at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"An analysis of Cl- concentrations and fluxes at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed indicates that Cl- may be effectively used to differentiate \"new\" and \"old\" water flow through the hillslope and their respective contributions to streamwater. Rainfall and throughfall, the \"new\" water inputs, are marked by low Cl- concentrations (<15 ??eq l-1). Stormwater moves rapidly to depth along preferred pathways in a deciduous forest hillslope, as evidenced by low concentrations (<20 ??eq l-1) in mobile soil water from zero-tension stainless-steel pan lysimeters. \"Old\" waters, matrix soil waters and groundwater, typically have high concentrations (>20 ??eq l-1). Timing of soil water transport is not sufficiently rapid to suggest that soil water from the hillslope contributes to streamwater for an individual rainstorm. The source of streamflow, therefore, must be a combination of channel interception, runoff from near-channel areas, and runoff from a 3-ha bedrock outcrop in the headwaters. Groundwater contribution to streamflow was estimated using Cl- concentrations of throughfall and groundwater as the two end members for a two-component hydrograph separation. For the study period, groundwater contributed 79% of the runoff and from 1985 to 1995, contributed 75% of the runoff. Rainfall was the source of 45% of the Cl- flux from the watershed in the long term; the remaining Cl- is hypothesized to be derived from dry deposition, consistent with the enrichment noted for throughfall. At peak flow during individual rainstorms, \"new\" water can contribute 95% of the runoff.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Ratcliffe, E., 1997, Tracing hydrologic pathways at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 244, p. 275-289.","startPage":"275","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"244","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb692e4b08c986b326d4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, E.B.","contributorId":33857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019139,"text":"70019139 - 1997 - Analysis of environmental data with censored observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:36:53","indexId":"70019139","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of environmental data with censored observations","docAbstract":"<p><span>The potential threats to humans and to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems from environmental contamination could depend on the sum of the concentrations of different chemicals. However, direct summation of environmental data is not generally feasible because it is common for some chemical concentrations to be recorded as being below the analytical reporting limit. This creates special problems in the analysis of the data. A new model selection procedure, named forward censored regression, is introduced for selecting an appropriate model for environmental data with censored observations. The procedure is demonstrated using concentrations of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine), deethylatrazine (DEA, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine), and deisopropylatrazine (DIA, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine) in groundwater in the midwestern United States by using the data derived from a previous study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. More than 80% of the observations for each compound for this study were left censored at 0.05 &mu;g/L. The values for censored observations of atrazine, DEA, and DIA are imputed with the selected models. The summation of atrazine residue (atrazine + DEA + DIA) can then be calculated using the combination of observed and imputed values to generate a pseudo-complete data set. The all-subsets regression procedure is applied to the pseudo-complete data to select the final model for atrazine residue. The methodology presented can be used to analyze similar cases of environmental contamination involving censored data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es960695x","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., Lu, J., Kolpin, D., and Meeker, W., 1997, Analysis of environmental data with censored observations: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 12, p. 3358-3362, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960695x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3358","endPage":"3362","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480108,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1318&context=stat_las_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205715,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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W.Q.","contributorId":43117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"W.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019138,"text":"70019138 - 1997 - Sources of glacial moisture in Mesoamerica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:40:26","indexId":"70019138","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of glacial moisture in Mesoamerica","docAbstract":"Paleoclimatic records from Mesoamerica document the interplay between Atlantic and Pacific sources of precipitation during the last glacial stage and Holocene. Today, and throughout much of the Holocene, the entire region receives its principal moisture in the summer from an interaction of easterly trade winds with the equatorial calms. Glacial records from sites east of 95?? W in Guatemala, Florida, northern Venezuela and Colombia record dry conditions before 12 ka, however. West of 95?? W, glacial conditions were moister than in the Holocene. For example, pollen and diatom data show that Lake Pa??tzcuaro in the central Mexican highlands was cool, deep and fresh during this time and fossil pinyon needles in packrat middens in Chihuahua, Sonora, Arizona, and Texas indicate cooler glacial climates with increased winter precipitation. Cold Gulf of Mexico sea-surface temperatures and reduced strength of the equatorial calms can explain arid full and late glacial environments east of 95?? W whereas an intensified pattern of winter, westerly air flow dominated hydrologic balances as far south as 20?? N. Overall cooler temperatures may have increased effective moisture levels during dry summer months in both areas. ?? 1997 INQUA/ Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1040-6182(97)00025-6","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Bradbury, J., 1997, Sources of glacial moisture in Mesoamerica: Quaternary International, v. 43-44, p. 97-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(97)00025-6.","startPage":"97","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270061,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(97)00025-6"},{"id":226320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43-44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b937ae4b08c986b31a4f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019111,"text":"70019111 - 1997 - Long-term growth trends of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) rich.) at Caddo Lake, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-16T12:57:00","indexId":"70019111","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Long-term growth trends of baldcypress (<i>Taxodium distichum</i> (L.) rich.) at Caddo Lake, Texas","title":"Long-term growth trends of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) rich.) at Caddo Lake, Texas","docAbstract":"Caddo Lake, situated on the border of northeast Texas and northwest Louisiana, USA is a medium-sized lake dominated by stands of baldcypress (Taxodiwn distichum). A study of tree growth was initiated at Caddo Lake to address concerns about the health of the baldcypress ecosystem. The lake has been subjected to several dramatic water-level changes over the past 200 years, including water-level stabilization following dam construction in 1914. To assess the long-term growth trends of baldcypress trees and determine if a recent growth decline is occurring at Caddo Lake, increment cores were taken from 52 trees. The cores were crossdated and rings between the years 1900 and 1992 measured to the nearest 0.01 mm. Most cores were characterized by high variation in year-to-year growth. Although increasing growth rates were observed at most locations, trees from two backwater areas of the lake had recent growth rates lower than their long-term average. Growth amounts at these two sites were, however, within the historic range of variation. No recruitment was observed. From these data, we can conclude that the historic, extreme changes in hydrologic regime and the current stabilized water levels have not resulted in an overall decline in baldcypress growth at Caddo Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161522","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Keeland, B.D., and Young, P., 1997, Long-term growth trends of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) rich.) at Caddo Lake, Texas: Wetlands, v. 17, no. 4, p. 559-566, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161522.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"566","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Caddo Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.37667846679688,\n              32.64110949213927\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.04571533203125,\n              32.64110949213927\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.04571533203125,\n              32.895732015669815\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37667846679688,\n              32.895732015669815\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37667846679688,\n              32.64110949213927\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4993e4b0c8380cd68720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeland, B. D.","contributorId":45275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeland","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, P.J.","contributorId":79636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020284,"text":"70020284 - 1997 - Chemical characteristics of particulate, colloidal, and dissolved organic material in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-08T16:21:36","indexId":"70020284","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical characteristics of particulate, colloidal, and dissolved organic material in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park","docAbstract":"The chemical relationships among particulate and colloidal organic material and dissolved fulvic acid were examined in an alpine and subalpine lake and two streams in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park. The alpine lake, Sky Pond, had the lowest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (0.37 mgC/L), the highest particulate carbon (POC) (0.13 mgC/L), and high algal biomass. The watershed of Sky Pond is primarily talus slope, and DOC and POC may be autochthonous. Both Andrews Creek and Icy Brook gain DOC as they flow through wet sedge meadows. The subalpine lake, The Loch, receives additional organic material from the surrounding forest and had a higher DOC (0.66 mgC/L). Elemental analysis, stable carbon isotopic compositon, and 13C-NMR characterization showed that: 1) particulate material had relatively high inorganic contents and was heterogeneous in compositon, 2) colloidal material was primarily carbohydrate material with a low inorganic content at all sites; and 3) dissolved fulvic acid varied in compositon among sites. The low concentration and carbohydrate-rich character of the colloidal material suggests that this fraction is labile to microbial degradation and may be turning over more rapidly than particulate fractions or dissolved fulvic acid. Fulvic acid from Andrews Creek had the lowest N content and aromaticity, whereas Sky Pond fulvic acid had a higher N content and lower aromaticity than fulvic acid from The Loch. The UV-visible spectra of the fulvic acids demonstrate that variation in characteristics with sources of organic carbon can explain to some extent the observed nonlinear relationship between UV-B extinction coefficients and DOC concentrations in lakes.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005783812730","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Harnish, R., Wershaw, R., Baron, J., and Schiff, S., 1997, Chemical characteristics of particulate, colloidal, and dissolved organic material in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park: Biogeochemistry, v. 36, no. 1, p. 99-124, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005783812730.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"124","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206965,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005783812730"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado ","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.1667,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.1667,\n              40.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              40.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              40\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f55ce4b0c8380cd4c1b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harnish, R.","contributorId":72143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harnish","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schiff, S.","contributorId":77698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiff","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1015834,"text":"1015834 - 1997 - An energy-circuit population model for great egrets (Ardea alba) at Lake Okeechobee, Florida, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:33:27","indexId":"1015834","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An energy-circuit population model for great egrets (Ardea alba) at Lake Okeechobee, Florida, U.S.A","docAbstract":"<p>I simulated the annual population cycles of Great Egrets (<i>Ardea alba</i>) at Lake Okeechobee, Florida, to provide a framework for evaluating the local population dynamics of nesting and foraging wading birds. The external forcing functions were solar energy, minimum air temperature, water depth, surface-water drying rate, and season. Solar input controlled the production of prey at moderate to high lake stages, but water area exerted primary control during a two-year drought. Modeling prey production as a linear function of water area resulted in underestimation of prey density during the drought, suggesting that prey organisms maintained high fecundity while concentrated in submerged vegetation at the lakeward fringe of the littoral zone. Simulation confirmed that large influxes of wading birds during the drought were the combined result of a regional refuge response and the availability of concentrated prey. Modeling immigration and emigration as primarily functions of the surface-water drying rate, rather than lake stage, resulted in a closer match of observed and simulated population trends for foraging birds, suggesting that the pattern of surface-water fluctuations was a more important factor than water depth. Simulation indicated an abrupt-threshold response rather than a linear association between foraging efficiency and low temperatures, which reduce activity levels of forage fishes. Great Egret breeder recruitment is primarily a function of prey availability, climate, and hydrologic trends, but simulation confirmed the concurrent involvement of a seasonal or physiological-readiness factor. An attractor function driven by high winter lake stages was necessary to reproduce observed patterns of breeder recruitment, suggesting that Great Egrets initiate nesting based on environmental cues that lead to peak food availability when nestlings are present. Poor correspondence of reproductive effort and nest productivity suggested that the drought compromised the birds' predictive abilities. The need to model breeder recruitment as a function of a maximum rate rather than the size of the local foraging population suggested that birds may nest on the lake even though on-lake foraging conditions are poor. Simulated and observed estimates of egg and hatching production did not match, suggesting that the causes of failure during incubation were complex or more localized than could be accounted for with lakewide hydrologic and climatic data. A forced increase in prey consumption of 12% was necessary to reproduce observed, high levels of nest productivity in 1990, which corresponded to the finding that panhandled fish constituted 10–12% of the biomass fed to Great Egret nestlings that year.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00061-0","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., 1997, An energy-circuit population model for great egrets (Ardea alba) at Lake Okeechobee, Florida, U.S.A: Ecological Modelling, v. 97, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00061-0.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","volume":"97","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Jeff P.","contributorId":79852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jeff P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020189,"text":"70020189 - 1997 - Terbuthylazine and deethylterbuthylazine in rain and surface water: Determination by enzyme immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:33:02","indexId":"70020189","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":636,"text":"Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terbuthylazine and deethylterbuthylazine in rain and surface water: Determination by enzyme immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rain and surface water samples from Southern Germany were investigated from 1991 to 1995 for terbuthylazine and one of its major metabolites, deethylterbuthylazine. The concentrations observed were compared to the concentrations found for atrazine and deethylatrazine in the same water samples. Concentrations ranged from &lt; 0.02 μg/L to 0.7 μg/L for terbuthylazine and from &lt; 0.02 μg/L to 0.6 μg/L for deethylterbuthylazine, compared to concentrations of &lt; 0.02 μg/L to 3 μg/L and &lt; 0.02 μg/L to 0.5 μg/L for atrazine and deethylatrazine, respectively. The ratios of metabolite concentrations to parent compound concentrations were calculated for deethylterbuthylazine to terbuthylazine (</span><i>DTR</i><span>) and deethylatrazine to atrazine (</span><i>DAR</i><span>). In rain water,&nbsp;</span><i>DTR</i><span>&nbsp;of 0.8…3.0 and&nbsp;</span><i>DAR</i><span>&nbsp;of 0.3… 1.9 were determined with mean values of 0.9… 1.7 for&nbsp;</span><i>DTR</i><span>&nbsp;and 0.6…0.9 for&nbsp;</span><i>DAR</i><span>&nbsp;in the different years. The ratios increased during summer periods. The highest ratios were observed in samples from forest stands, showing that degradation of the herbicide has occurred during transport between the source and the sampling site. The&nbsp;</span><i>DTR</i><span>&nbsp;in rain water were about 50… 100% higher than the&nbsp;</span><i>DAR</i><span>. This indicates a higher degradation rate of terbuthylazine during atmospheric transport. In surface water,&nbsp;</span><i>DTR</i><span>&nbsp;of 0.3… 1.2 with mean values of 0.5…0.8 and&nbsp;</span><i>DAR</i><span>&nbsp;of 0.2…2.2 with mean values of 0.2… 1.3 were observed. The ratios increased from June to September.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/aheh.19970250102","issn":"03234320","usgsCitation":"Dankwardt, A., Thurman, E., and Hock, B., 1997, Terbuthylazine and deethylterbuthylazine in rain and surface water: Determination by enzyme immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, v. 25, no. 1, p. 5-10, https://doi.org/10.1002/aheh.19970250102.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba547e4b08c986b320937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dankwardt, A.","contributorId":84108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dankwardt","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hock, B.","contributorId":66019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hock","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008584,"text":"1008584 - 1997 - Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-15T16:44:34.47697","indexId":"1008584","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2179,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many wetlands undergo seasonal cycles in precipitation and water depth. This environmental seasonality is echoed in patterns of production of fish biomass, which, in turn, influence the phenology of other components of the food web, including wading birds. Human activities, such as drainage or other alterations of the hydrology, can exacerbate these natural cycles and result in detrimental stresses on fish production and the higher trophic levels dependent on this production. In this paper we model the seasonal pattern of fish production in a freshwater marsh, with special reference to the Everglades/Big Cypress region of southern Florida. The model illustrates the temporal pattern of production through the year, which can result in very high densities of fish at the end of a hydroperiod (period of flooding), as well as the importance of ponds and other deep depressions, both as refugia and sinks during dry periods. The model predicts that: (1) there is an effective threshold in the length of the hydroperiod that must be exceeded for high fish-population densities to be produced, (2) large, piscivorous fishes do not appear to have a major impact on smaller fishes in the marsh habitat, and (3) the recovery of small-fish populations in the marsh following a major drought may require up to a year. The last of these results is relevant to assessing anthropogenic impacts on marsh production, as these effects may increase the severity and frequency of droughts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1008228706210","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Loftus, W., Trexler, J., and Ulanowicz, R.E., 1997, Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem: Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery, v. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008228706210.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trexler, J.C.","contributorId":23108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ulanowicz, Robert E.","contributorId":34879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulanowicz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020293,"text":"70020293 - 1997 - Iron deposition as acidic groundwater encounters carbonates in the alluvium of Pinal Creek, Arizona, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:52:46","indexId":"70020293","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron deposition as acidic groundwater encounters carbonates in the alluvium of Pinal Creek, Arizona, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"In a column experiment, acidic groundwater from Pinal Creek Arizona, a Cu mining area, was eluted through a composited alluvial sample obtained from a core that had been removed from a well downgradient of the acidic groundwater. The minerals present in typical grains and flakes in the alluvium before and after the elution were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive multichannel analyses (EDX). The concentrations of Fe, Ti, Mn, Si, Al, Na, Ca, K, Mg and S in these grains and flakes and in their microcrystalline surface coatings were measured by EDX. In addition to magnetite, hematite, and Fe-Ti oxides, Fe was most concentrated in micas (especially biotite-like flakes) and in the microcrystalline coatings. The measured elements in these microcrystalline coatings were primarily K, Fe, Al, and Si. The microcrystalline coatings on the mica flakes also contained Mg. The approximate 1:3 Mg:Si atomic ratios (ARs) of the biotite-like flakes both before and after the elution would suggest that the Fe deposited during the elution had not substituted for Mg in these flakes. As a result of the elution, assuming no loss of Si, the averaged recorded Fe:Si AR of the microcrystalline coatings increased from (0,46 to 0.58):3.00. Iron deposition on the typical grains and flakes may relate to the presence of Fe in the particle on which it is deposited or to the presence of Fe in the microcrystalline surface coatings before elution. The data here are not sufficient for a statistical evaluation, but elution caused the following trends: (1) The Fe:Si A R increased in the (K,Fe,Al,Si)-microcrystalline surface coatings; (2) For the mica flakes, there was more than a 2-fold increase in the Fe:Si AR for the microcrystalline surface coatings of the Fe-rich biotite-like flakes but no measurable increase of the Fe:Si AR for the microcrystalline surface coatings of the muscovite-like flakes that contained 3-5 times less Fe; (3) Also for the biotite-like flakes, the increase in Fe:Si AR was greater in the flakes that had a higher Fe:Si AR; (4) The Fe deposition on the Fe-rich microcrystalline surface coatings of the feldspar was much greater than on the Fe-poor, beige quartz and feldspar grains that, prior to elution, had only CaSO4 microcrystalline coatings; and (5) No Fe was deposited on Fe-poor grains with no microcrystalline surface coating.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(96)00056-X","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Lind, C.J., and Oscarson, R., 1997, Iron deposition as acidic groundwater encounters carbonates in the alluvium of Pinal Creek, Arizona, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 12, no. 1, p. 83-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(96)00056-X.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"95","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206845,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(96)00056-X"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Pinal Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.913,33.604 ], [ -110.913,33.615 ], [ -110.906,33.615 ], [ -110.906,33.604 ], [ -110.913,33.604 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ee6e4b0c8380cd64114","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lind, Carol J.","contributorId":36110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oscarson, R.L.","contributorId":55452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020054,"text":"70020054 - 1997 - Debris-flow initiation experiments using diverse hydrologic triggers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020054","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Debris-flow initiation experiments using diverse hydrologic triggers","docAbstract":"Controlled debris-flow initiation experiments focused on three hydrologic conditions that can trigger slope failure: localized ground-water inflow; prolonged moderate-intensity rainfall; and high-intensity rainfall. Detailed monitoring of slope hydrology and deformation provided exceptionally complete data on conditions preceding and accompanying slope failure and debris-flow mobilization. Ground-water inflow and high-intensity sprinkling led to abrupt, complete failure whereas moderate-intensity sprinkling led to retrogressive, block-by-block failure. Failure during ground-water inflow and during moderate-intensity sprinkling occurred with a rising water table and positive pore pressures. Failure during high-intensity sprinkling occurred without widespread positive pore pressures. In all three cases, pore pressures in most locations increased dramatically (within 2-3 seconds) during failure. In some places, pressures in unsaturated materials rapidly 'flashed' from zero to elevated positive values. Transiently elevated pore pressures and partially liquefied soil enhanced debris-flow mobilization.","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 1st International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"7 August 1997 through 9 August 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Reid, M.E., LaHusen, R.G., and Iverson, R.M., 1997, Debris-flow initiation experiments using diverse hydrologic triggers, <i>in</i> International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, San Francisco, CA, USA, 7 August 1997 through 9 August 1997, p. 1-11.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdfbe4b0c8380cd4ea4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaHusen, Richard G.","contributorId":60205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020052,"text":"70020052 - 1997 - Ambiguity in measuring matrix diffusion with single-well injection/recovery tracer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:30:57","indexId":"70020052","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ambiguity in measuring matrix diffusion with single-well injection/recovery tracer tests","docAbstract":"Single-well injection/recovery tracer tests are considered for use in characterizing and quantifying matrix diffusion in dual-porosity aquifers. Numerical modeling indicates that neither regional drift in homogeneous aquifers, nor heterogeneity in aquifers having no regional drift, nor hydrodynamic dispersion significantly affects these tests. However, when drift is coupled simultaneously with heterogeneity, they can have significant confounding effects on tracer return. This synergistic effect of drift and heterogeneity may help explain irreversible flow and inconsistent results sometimes encountered in previous single-well injection/recovery tracer tests. Numerical results indicate that in a hypothetical single-well injection/recovery tracer test designed to demonstrate and measure dual-porosity characteristics in a fractured dolomite, the simultaneous effects of drift and heterogeneity sometimes yields responses similar to those anticipated in a homogeneous dual-porosity formation. In these cases, tracer recovery could provide a false indication of the occurrence of matrix diffusion. Shortening the shut-in period between injection and recovery periods may make the test less sensitive to drift. Using multiple tracers having different diffusion characteristics, multiple tests having different pumping schedules, and testing the formation at more than one location would decrease the ambiguity in the interpretation of test data.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00072.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Lessoff, S., and Konikow, L.F., 1997, Ambiguity in measuring matrix diffusion with single-well injection/recovery tracer tests: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 1, p. 166-176, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00072.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"176","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9aee4b0c8380cd483a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lessoff, S.C.","contributorId":68051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lessoff","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020001,"text":"70020001 - 1997 - Stream organic matter inputs, storage, and export for Satellite Branch at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:26:40.244506","indexId":"70020001","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream organic matter inputs, storage, and export for Satellite Branch at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468236","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Bruce, W.J., Cuffney, T., Eggert, S., and Whiles, M., 1997, Stream organic matter inputs, storage, and export for Satellite Branch at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, USA: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 16, no. 1, p. 67-74, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468236.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a7ee4b08c986b31c987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruce, Wallace J.","contributorId":31133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cuffney, T. F.","contributorId":108134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"T. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eggert, S.L.","contributorId":98897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggert","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whiles, M.R.","contributorId":79638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiles","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019998,"text":"70019998 - 1997 - Sensitivity of aquatic ecosystems to climatic and anthropogenic changes: The basin and range, American Southwest and Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T11:26:50.102787","indexId":"70019998","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of aquatic ecosystems to climatic and anthropogenic changes: The basin and range, American Southwest and Mexico","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group  metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Variability and unpredictability are characteristics of the aquatic ecosystems, hydrological patterns and climate of the largely dryland region that encompasses the Basin and Range, American Southwest and western Mexico. Neither hydrological nor climatological models for the region are sufficiently developed to describe the magnitude or direction of change in response to increased carbon dioxide; thus, an attempt to predict specific responses of aquatic ecosystems is premature. Instead, we focus on the sensitivity of rivers, streams, springs, wetlands, reservoirs, and lakes of the region to potential changes in climate, especially those inducing a change in hydrological patterns such as amount, timing and predictability of stream flow.</p><p>The major sensitivities of aquatic ecosystems are their permanence and even existence in the face of potential reduced net basin supply of water, stability of geomorphological structure and riparian ecotones with alterations in disturbance regimes, and water quality changes resulting from a modified water balance. In all of these respects, aquatic ecosystems of the region are also sensitive to the extensive modifications imposed by human use of water resources, which underscores the difficulty of separating this type of anthropogenic change from climate change. We advocate a focus in future research on reconstruction and analysis of past climates and associated ecosystem characteristics, long-term studies to discriminate directional change vs. year to year variability (including evidence of aquatic ecosystem responses or sensitivity to extremes), and studies of ecosystems affected by human activity.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970630)11:8<1023::AID-HYP516>3.0.CO;2-A","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Grimm, N.B., Chacon, A., Dahm, C., Hostetler, S.W., Lind, O., Starkweather, P., and Wurtsbaugh, W., 1997, Sensitivity of aquatic ecosystems to climatic and anthropogenic changes: The basin and range, American Southwest and Mexico: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 8, p. 1023-1041, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970630)11:8<1023::AID-HYP516>3.0.CO;2-A.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1023","endPage":"1041","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d2ae4b08c986b3182a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimm, N. B.","contributorId":54164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":384646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chacon, A.","contributorId":50305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chacon","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dahm, Clifford N.","contributorId":22730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahm","given":"Clifford N.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":384643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lind, O.T.","contributorId":63554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"O.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Starkweather, P.L.","contributorId":10568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starkweather","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wurtsbaugh, W.W.","contributorId":54754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wurtsbaugh","given":"W.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70019996,"text":"70019996 - 1997 - Effect of tributary inflows on the distribution of trace metals in fine- grained bed sediments and benthic insects of the Clark Fork River, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-08T16:47:34","indexId":"70019996","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of tributary inflows on the distribution of trace metals in fine- grained bed sediments and benthic insects of the Clark Fork River, Montana","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">The effect of tributary inflows on metal concentrations in &lt;63-μm sediments and benthic insects was examined on two scales (380 km and &lt;2 km) in a river impacted by mining. A dilution−mixing model effectively described large-scale dispersion of Cd, Cu, and Pb in the sediments of the river. Input of metal from contaminated flood plains may introduce additional contamination in the middle reaches of the river. Intensive sampling around the confluences of two tributaries showed that there were significant, localized decreases in some metal concentrations immediately downstream of the inflows. Sediment metal concentrations 1 km below the inflows returned to values within the range predicted by the dilution−mixing model. Metal concentrations in benthic insects exhibited spatial patterns similar to those of the sediments, indicating that biological exposures to metals are at least partially dependent on the physical processes controlling the dispersion of sediment-bound metals. Tributary inflows introduce variability in metal contamination on different spatial scales that must be considered when assessing ecological risks in contaminated rivers. In addition to large-scale dilution of contaminants, smaller areas of reduced metal exposure occur near tributary inflows. These may shelter metal-sensitive taxa from severe metal contamination in the mainstem.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es960417y","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Axtmann, E., Cain, D., and Luoma, S., 1997, Effect of tributary inflows on the distribution of trace metals in fine- grained bed sediments and benthic insects of the Clark Fork River, Montana: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 750-758, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960417y.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"750","endPage":"758","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206091,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960417y"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0629e4b0c8380cd5111f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Axtmann, E.V.","contributorId":30652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axtmann","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019989,"text":"70019989 - 1997 - Potential effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems of the Great Plains of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T22:55:19.393475","indexId":"70019989","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems of the Great Plains of North America","docAbstract":"<p>The Great Plains landscape is less topographically complex than most other regions within North America, but diverse aquatic ecosystems, such as playas, pothole lakes, ox-bow lakes, springs, groundwater aquifers, intermittent and ephemeral streams, as well as large rivers and wetlands, are highly dynamic and responsive to extreme climatic fluctuations. We review the evidence for climatic change that demonstrates the historical importance of extremes in north-south differences in summer temperatures and east-west differences in aridity across four large subregions. These physical driving forces alter density stratification, deoxygenation, decomposition and salinity. Biotic community composition and associated ecosystem processes of productivity and nutrient cycling respond rapidly to these climatically driven dynamics. Ecosystem processes also respond to cultural effects such as dams and diversions of water for irrigation, waste dilution and urban demands for drinking water and industrial uses. Distinguishing climatic from cultural effects in future models of aquatic ecosystem functioning will require more refinement in both climatic and economic forecasting. There is a need, for example, to predict how long-term climatic forecasts (based on both ENSO and global warming simulations) relate to the permanence and productivity of shallow water ecosystems. Aquatic ecologists, hydrologists, climatologists and geographers have much to discuss regarding the synthesis of available data and the design of future interdisciplinary research.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Covich, A., Fritz, S., Lamb, P., Marzolf, R., Matthews, W., Poiani, K., Prepas, E., Richman, M., and Winter, T.C., 1997, Potential effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems of the Great Plains of North America: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 8, p. 993-1021.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"993","endPage":"1021","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ecde4b0c8380cd7a767","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covich, A.P.","contributorId":14965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covich","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritz, S.C.","contributorId":77892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamb, P.J.","contributorId":19724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marzolf, R.D.","contributorId":39538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzolf","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matthews, W.J.","contributorId":70343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthews","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poiani, K.A.","contributorId":52690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poiani","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prepas, E.E.","contributorId":57223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prepas","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Richman, M.B.","contributorId":32315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richman","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70019976,"text":"70019976 - 1997 - Stable isotope evidence for an atmospheric origin of desert nitrate deposits in northern Chile and southern California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T06:58:32","indexId":"70019976","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope evidence for an atmospheric origin of desert nitrate deposits in northern Chile and southern California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p id=\"simple-para.0010\">Natural surficial accumulations of nitrate-rich salts in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, and in the Death Valley region of the Mojave Desert, southern California, are well known, but despite many geologic and geochemical studies, the origins of the nitrates have remained controversial. N and O isotopes in nitrate, and S isotopes in coexisting soluble sulfate, were measured to determine if some proposed N sources could be supported or rejected, and to determine if the isotopic signature of these natural deposits could be used to distinguish them from various types of anthropogenic nitrate contamination that might be found in desert groundwaters.</p><p id=\"simple-para.0015\">High-grade calich-a-type nitrate deposits from both localities have<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N values that range from −5 to +5‰, but are mostly near 0‰. Values of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N near 0‰ are consistent with either bulk atmospheric N deposition or microbial N fixation as major sources of the N in the deposits.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O values of those desert nitrates with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N near 0‰ range from about +31 to +50‰ (V-SMOW), significantly higher than that of atmospheric O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(+23.5‰). Such high values of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O are considered unlikely to result entirely from nitrification of reduced N, but rather resemble those of modern atmospheric nitrate in precipitation from some other localities. Assuming that limited modern atmospheric isotope data are applicable to the deposits, and allowing for nitrification of co-deposited ammonium, it is estimated that the fraction of the nitrate in the deposits that could be, accounted for isotopically by atmospheric N deposition may be at least 20% and possibly as much as 100%.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup>S values are less diagnostic but could also be consistent with atmospheric components in some of the soluble sulfates associated with the deposits. The stable isotope data support the hypothesis that some high-grade caliche-type nitrate-rich salt deposits in some of the Earth's hyperarid deserts represent long-term accumulations of atmospheric deposition (possibly in the order of 104 yr for the Death Valley region, 10<sup>7</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>yr for the Atacama Desert) in the relative absence of soil leaching or biologic cycling. The combined N and O isotope signature of the nitrate in these deposits is significantly different from those of many other natural and anthropogenic sources of nitrate.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00124-6","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., Ericksen, G.E., and Revesz, K., 1997, Stable isotope evidence for an atmospheric origin of desert nitrate deposits in northern Chile and southern California, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 136, no. 1-2, p. 135-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00124-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266043,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00124-6"}],"volume":"136","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9676e4b08c986b31b50c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ericksen, G. E.","contributorId":44538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Revesz, K.","contributorId":95202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019972,"text":"70019972 - 1997 - Protistan communities in aquifers: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T06:07:57","indexId":"70019972","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1621,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protistan communities in aquifers: A review","docAbstract":"Eukaryotic microorganisms (protists) are a very important component of microbial communities inhabiting groundwater aquifers This is not unexpected when one considers that many protists feed heterotrophically, by means of either phagotrophy (bacterivory) or osmotrophy. Protistan numbers are usually low (<102 per g dw of aquifer material) in pristine, uncontaminated aquifers but may increase by several orders of magnitude in aquifers subject to organic pout on Stoa flagellates (typically 2-3(5) ??m in size in situ) are by far the dominant protists in aquifers although amoebae and occasionally ciliates may also be present much lower numbers. A though a wealth of new taxonomic information is waiting to be brought to light, interest in the identity of aquifer protists is not exclusively academic If verified, the following hypotheses may prove to be important towards our understanding of the functioning of microbial communities in aquifers: (1) Differences in swimming behavior between species of flagellates lead to feeding heterogeneity and niche differentiation, implying that bacterivorous flagellates graze on different subsets of the bacterial community, and therefore play different roles in controlling bacterial densities. (2) Bacterivorous flagellates grazing on bacteria capable of degrading Organic compounds have an indirect effect on the overall rates of biodegradation.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00046-6","issn":"01686445","usgsCitation":"Novarino, G., Warren, A., Butler, H., Lambourne, G., Boxshall, A., Bateman, J., Kinner, N., Harvey, R., Mosse, R., and Teltsch, B., 1997, Protistan communities in aquifers: A review: FEMS Microbiology Reviews, v. 20, no. 3-4, p. 261-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00046-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"275","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480113,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6445(97)00046-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206011,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00046-6"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f7ee4b0c8380cd7f7c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Novarino, G.","contributorId":82471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novarino","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, A.","contributorId":16574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butler, H.","contributorId":35487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambourne, G.","contributorId":55590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambourne","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boxshall, A.","contributorId":63970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boxshall","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bateman, J.","contributorId":58790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kinner, N.E.","contributorId":29583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinner","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mosse, R.A.","contributorId":101827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosse","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Teltsch, B.","contributorId":20095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teltsch","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70019967,"text":"70019967 - 1997 - Bacterial oxidation of methyl bromide in Mono Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:41:18","indexId":"70019967","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial oxidation of methyl bromide in Mono Lake, California","docAbstract":"The oxidation of methyl bromide (MeBr) in the water column of Mono Lake, CA, was studied by measuring the formation of H14CO3 from [14C]MeBr. Potential oxidation was detected throughout the water column, with highest rates occurring in the epilimnion (5-12 m depth). The oxidation of MeBr was eliminated by filter-sterilization, thereby demonstrating the involvement of bacteria. Vertical profiles of MeBr activity differed from those obtained for nitrification and methane oxidation, indicating that MeBr oxidation is not simply a co-oxidation process by either nitrifiers or methanotrophs. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of methane oxidation and/or nitrification (e.g., methyl fluoride, acetylene, allyl sulfide) had no effect upon the rate of MeBr oxidation in live samples. Of a variety of potential electron donors added to Mono Lake water, only trimethylamine resulted in the stimulation of MeBr oxidation. Cumulatively, these results suggest that the oxidation of MeBr in Mono Lake waters is attributable to trimethylamine-degrading methylotrophs. Neither methyl chloride nor methanol inhibited the oxidation of [14C]MeBr in live samples, indicating that these bacteria directly oxidized MeBr rather than the products of MeBr nucleophilic substitution reactions.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es960732k","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Connell, T., Joye, S., Miller, L., and Oremland, R., 1997, Bacterial oxidation of methyl bromide in Mono Lake, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 5, p. 1489-1495, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960732k.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1489","endPage":"1495","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960732k"},{"id":227779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efa3e4b0c8380cd4a37e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connell, T.L.","contributorId":96024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connell","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joye, S.B.","contributorId":97266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joye","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019962,"text":"70019962 - 1997 - Transport and recovery of bacteriophage PRD1 in a sand and gravel aquifer: Effect of sewage-derived organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-06T06:49:09","indexId":"70019962","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and recovery of bacteriophage PRD1 in a sand and gravel aquifer: Effect of sewage-derived organic matter","docAbstract":"To test the effects of sewage-derived organic matter on virus attachment, 32P-labeled bacteriophage PRD1, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), and tracers were injected into sewage-contaminated (suboxic, elevated organic matter) and uncontaminated (oxic, low organic matter) zones of an iron oxide-coated quartz sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA. In the uncontaminated zone, 83% of the PRD1 were attenuated over the first meter of transport by attachment to aquifer grains. In the contaminated zone, 42% of the PRD1 were attenuated over the first meter of transport. Sewage-derived organic matter contributed to the difference in PRD1 attenuation by blocking attachment sites in the contaminated zone. At greater distances down gradient (to a total transport distance of 3.6 m), a near-constant amount of PRD1 continued to break through, suggesting that aquifer grain heterogeneities allowed a small amount of reversible attachment. Injection of an LAS mixture (25 mg L-1), a common sewage constituent, remobilized 87% of the attached PRD1 in the contaminated zone, but only 2.2% in the uncontaminated zone. LAS adsorption promoted virus recovery in the contaminated zone by altering the PRD1-surface interactions; however, the amount of LAS adsorbed was not sufficient to promote release of the attached PRD1 in the uncontaminated zone.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es960670y","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Pieper, A., Ryan, J.N., Harvey, R.W., Amy, G., Illangasekare, T., and Metge, D., 1997, Transport and recovery of bacteriophage PRD1 in a sand and gravel aquifer: Effect of sewage-derived organic matter: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 1163-1170, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960670y.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1170","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb743e4b08c986b327160","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pieper, A.P.","contributorId":70132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieper","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amy, G.L.","contributorId":47098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amy","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Illangasekare, T.H.","contributorId":45847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Illangasekare","given":"T.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019959,"text":"70019959 - 1997 - Borehole sampling of fracture populations - compensating for borehole sampling bias in crystalline bedrock aquifers, Mirror Lake, Grafton County, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T06:05:53","indexId":"70019959","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole sampling of fracture populations - compensating for borehole sampling bias in crystalline bedrock aquifers, Mirror Lake, Grafton County, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The clustering of orientations of hydraulically conductive fractures in bedrock at the Mirror Lake, New Hampshire fractured rock study site was investigated by comparing the orientations of fracture populations in two subvertical borehole arrays with those mapped on four adjacent subvertical roadcuts. In the boreholes and the roadcuts, the orientation of fracture populations appears very similar after borehole data are compensated for undersampling of steeply dipping fractures. Compensated borehole and pavement fracture data indicate a northeast-striking population of fractures with varying dips concentrated near that of the local foliation in the adjacent rock. The data show no correlation between fracture density (fractures/linear meter) and distance from lithologic contacts in both the boreholes and the roadcuts. The population of water-producing borehole fractures is too small (28 out of 610 fractures) to yield meaningful orientation comparisons. However, the orientation of large aperture fractures (which contains all the producing fractures) contains two or three subsidiary clusters in orientation frequency that are not evident in stereographic projections of the entire population containing all aperture sizes. Further, these subsidiary orientation clusters do not coincide with the dominant (subhorizontal and subvertical) regional fracture orientations.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/S1365-1609(97)00114-7","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"McDonald, G., Paillet, F.L., Barton, C., and Johnson, C., 1997, Borehole sampling of fracture populations - compensating for borehole sampling bias in crystalline bedrock aquifers, Mirror Lake, Grafton County, New Hampshire: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 34, no. 3-4, p. 239.e1-239.e12, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(97)00114-7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"239.e1","endPage":"239.e12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206100,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0148-9062(97)00275-1"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f21ce4b0c8380cd4afef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, G.D.","contributorId":21303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barton, C.C.","contributorId":93063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019947,"text":"70019947 - 1997 - Physical stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments, Burke and Screven Counties, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70019947","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments, Burke and Screven Counties, Georgia","docAbstract":"Six geologic units are recognized in the Cretaceous and the Paleocene sediments of eastern Burke and Screven Counties in Georgia on the basis of lithologic, geophysical, and paleontologic data collected from three continuously cored testholes in Georgia and one testhole in South Carolina. The six geologic units are separated by regional unconformities and are designated from oldest to youngest as the Cape Fear Formation, the Middendorf Formation, the Black Creek Group (undivided), and the Steel Creek Formation in the Upper Cretaceous section, and the Ellenton and the Snapp Formations in the Paleocene section. The geologic units provide a spatial and temporal framework for the identification and correlation of a basal confining unit beneath the Midville aquifer system and five aquifers and five confining units in the Dublin and the Midville aquifer systems. The Dublin aquifer system is divided hydrostratigraphically into the Millers Pond, the upper Dublin, and the lower Dublin aquifers. The Midville aquifer system is divided hydrostratigraphically into the upper and the lower Midville aquifers. The fine-grained sediments of the Millers Pond, the lower Dublin, and the lower Midville confining units are nonmarine deposits and are present in the upper part of the Snapp Formation, the Black Creek Group (undivided), and the Middendorf Formation, respectively. Hydrologic data for specific sets of monitoring wells at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina and the Millers Pond site in Georgia confirm that these three units are leaky confining units and locally impede vertical ground-water flow between adjacent aquifers. The fine-grained sediments of the upper Dublin and the upper Midville confining units are marine-deltaic deposits of the Ellenton Formation and the Black Creek Group (undivided), respectively. Hydrologic data confirm that the upper Dublin confining unit regionally impedes vertical ground-water flow on both sides of the Savannah River. The upper Midville confining unit impedes vertical ground-water flow in the middle and downdip parts of the study area and is a leaky confining unit in the updip part of the study area. Recognition of the upper Dublin confining unit as a regional confining unit between the Millers Pond and the upper Dublin aquifers also confirms that the Millers Pond aquifer is a separate hydrologic unit from the rest of the Dublin aquifer system. This multi-aquifer framework increases the vertical hydrostratigraphic resolution of hydraulic properties and gradients in the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems for the investigation of ground-water flow beneath the Savannah River in the vicinity of the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., Baum, J.S., and Prowell, D., 1997, Physical stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments, Burke and Screven Counties, Georgia: Southeastern Geology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 153-176.","startPage":"153","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7acbe4b0c8380cd790d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, W. F. 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":60251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, J. S.","contributorId":80716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prowell, D.C.","contributorId":95475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prowell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019944,"text":"70019944 - 1997 - Nuclear magnetic resonance identification of new sulfonic acid metabolites of chloroacetanilide herbicides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T09:52:40","indexId":"70019944","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance identification of new sulfonic acid metabolites of chloroacetanilide herbicides","docAbstract":"The detection of the sulfonic acid metabolites of the chloroacetanilide herbicides acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, propachlor, and, more recently, metolachlor in surface and ground water suggests that a common mechanism for dechlorination exists via the glutathione conjugation pathway. The identification of these herbicides and their metabolites is important due to growing public awareness and concern about pesticide levels in drinking water. Although these herbicides are regulated, little is known about the fate of their metabolites in soil. The sulfonic acid metabolites were synthesized by reaction of the parent compounds with an excess of sodium sulfite. Acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, metolachlor, and propachlor and their sulfonic acid metabolites were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. This paper provides a direct method for the preparation and characterization of these compounds that will be useful in the analysis and study of chloracetanilide herbicides and their metabolites.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/jf960453g","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Morton, M., Walters, F., Aga, D., Thurman, E., and Larive, C., 1997, Nuclear magnetic resonance identification of new sulfonic acid metabolites of chloroacetanilide herbicides: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 45, no. 4, p. 1240-1243, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960453g.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1240","endPage":"1243","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68bfe4b0c8380cd73999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, M.D.","contributorId":54858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, F.H.","contributorId":82985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aga, D.S.","contributorId":18521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aga","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larive, C.K.","contributorId":78901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larive","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019941,"text":"70019941 - 1997 - Hydrologic investigations in the Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park and vicinity, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:03:56.748729","indexId":"70019941","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic investigations in the Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park and vicinity, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mammoth Corridor in and adjacent to Yellowstone National Park encompasses a N-S alignment of geothermal features that extends from the Norris Geyser Basin adjacent to the Yellowstone caldera through Mammoth Hot Springs to the Corwin Springs Known Geothermal Resources Area (KGRA). Thermal springs in this region discharge water that ranges from NaKCl, silica-depositing type to CaNaHC0</span><sub>3</sub><span>SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, travertine-depositing type. Although only a few relatively shallow wells have been drilled in the corridor, the region is of special interest because of the environmental issues associated with potential geothermal development adjacent to Yellowstone National Park. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an intensive hydrogeologic study of this region during 1988–1990 and continued to collect hydrologic and geophysical data until 1994. The results of these investigations document the rates of discharge of thermal water and heat within the corridor, evidence for a magmatic heat source beneath the Mammoth Hot Springs area, and evidence for separate geothermal systems associated with Mammoth Hot Springs and with thermal waters discharging in the KGRA in the vicinity of La Duke Hot Springs. These investigations also indicate that limited development of the 70°C geothermal resource in the La Duke area would not affect thermal springs in Yellowstone National Park.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6505(96)00041-7","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., and Colvard, E., 1997, Hydrologic investigations in the Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park and vicinity, U.S.A.: Geothermics, v. 26, no. 2, p. 221-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(96)00041-7.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3640e4b0c8380cd6057d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colvard, E.M.","contributorId":83553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvard","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019930,"text":"70019930 - 1997 - Deep well injection of brine from Paradox Valley, Colorado: Potential major precipitation problems remediated by nanofiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T07:09:52","indexId":"70019930","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep well injection of brine from Paradox Valley, Colorado: Potential major precipitation problems remediated by nanofiltration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater brine seepage into the Dolores River in Paradox Valley, Colorado, increases the dissolved solids load of the Colorado River annually by ∼2.0 × 10</span><sup>8</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>kg. To abate this natural contamination, the Bureau of Reclamation plans to pump ∼3540 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/d of brine from 12 shallow wells located along the Dolores River. The brine, with a salinity of 250,000 mg/L, will be piped to the deepest (4.9 km) disposal well in the world and injected mainly into the Mississippian Leadville Limestone. Geochemical modeling indicates, and water-rock experiments confirm, that a huge mass of anhydrite (∼1.0 × 10</span><sup>4</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>kg/d) likely will precipitate from the injected brine at downhole conditions of 120°C and 500 bars. Anhydrite precipitation could increase by up to 3 times if the injected brine is allowed to mix with the highly incompatible formation water of the Leadville Limestone and if the Mg in this brine dolomitizes the calcite of the aquifer. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that nanofiltration membranes, which are selective to divalent anions, provide a new technology that remediates the precipitation problem by removing ∼98% of dissolved SO</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>from the hypersaline brine. The fluid pressure used (50 bars) is much lower than would be required for traditional reverse osmosis membranes because nanofiltration membranes have a low rejection efficiency (5–10%) for monovalent anions. Our results indicate that the proportion of treatable brine increases from ∼60% to &gt;85% with the addition of trace concentrations of a precipitation inhibitor and by blending the raw brine with the effluent stream.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR00573","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Ambats, G., Thordsen, J., and Davis, R.A., 1997, Deep well injection of brine from Paradox Valley, Colorado: Potential major precipitation problems remediated by nanofiltration: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 5, p. 1013-1020, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR00573.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1013","endPage":"1020","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr00573","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe2ce4b0c8380cd4eb77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ambats, Gil","contributorId":21235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambats","given":"Gil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Roy A.","contributorId":140666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019916,"text":"70019916 - 1997 - Hydrologic indices for nontidal wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T14:07:35","indexId":"70019916","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic indices for nontidal wetlands","docAbstract":"Two sets of hydrologic indices were developed to characterize the water-budget components of nontidal wetlands. The first set consisted of six water-budget indices for input and output variables, and the second set consisted of two hydrologic interaction indices derived from the water-budget indices. The indices then were applied to 19 wetlands with previously published water-budget data. Two trilinear diagrams for each wetland were constructed, one for the three input indices and another for the three output indices. These two trilinear diagrams then were combined with a central quadrangle to form a Piper-type diagram, with data points from the trilinear diagrams projected onto the quadrangle. The quadrangle then was divided into nine fields that summarized the water-budget information. Two quantitative \"interaction indices\" were calculated from two of the six water-budget indices (precipitation and evapotranspiration). They also were obtained graphically from the water-budget indices, which were first projected to the central quadrangle of a Piper-type diagram from the flanking trilinear plots. The first interaction index (l) defines the strength of interaction between a wetland and the surrounding ground- and surface-water system. The second interaction index (S) defines the nature of the interaction between the wetland and the surrounding ground- and surface-water system (source versus sink). Evaluation of these indices using published wetland water-budget data illustrates the usefulness of the technique.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03160715","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Lent, R.M., Weiskel, P.K., Lyford, F.P., and Armstrong, D.S., 1997, Hydrologic indices for nontidal wetlands: Wetlands, v. 17, no. 1, p. 19-30, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160715.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3638e4b0c8380cd6052f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lent, Robert M. rmlent@usgs.gov","contributorId":284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"Robert","email":"rmlent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyford, Forest P.","contributorId":43334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"Forest","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Armstrong, David S. 0000-0003-1695-1233 darmstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-1233","contributorId":1390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"David","email":"darmstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}