Understanding how climate warming will affect the demographic rates of different ecotypes is critical to predicting shifts in species distributions. Here we present results from a common garden, climate change experiment in which we measured seedling recruitment of lodgepole pine, a widespread North American conifer that is also planted globally. Seeds from a low-elevation provenance had greater recruitment to their third year (by 323%) than seeds from a high-elevation provenance across sites within and above its native elevation range and across climate manipulations. Heating reduced (by 49%) recruitment to the third year of both low- and high-elevation seed sources across the elevation gradient, while watering alleviated some of the negative effects of heating (108% increase in watered plots). Demographic models based on recruitment data from the climate manipulations and long-term observations of adult populations revealed that heating could effectively halt modeled upslope range expansion except when combined with watering. Simulating fire and rapid post-fire forest recovery at lower elevations accelerated lodgepole pine expansion into the alpine, but did not alter final abundance rankings among climate scenarios. Regardless of climate scenario, greater recruitment of low-elevation seeds compensated for longer dispersal distances to treeline, assuming colonization was allowed to proceed over multiple centuries. Our results show that ecotypes from lower elevations within a species’ range could enhance recruitment and facilitate upslope range shifts with climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13840","usgsCitation":"Conlisk, E., Castanha, C., Germino, M., Veblen, T., Smith, J.M., Moyes, A.B., and Kueppers, L.M., 2018, Seed origin and warming constrain lodgepole pine recruitment, slowing the pace of population range shifts: Global Change Biology, v. 24, no. 1, p. 197-211, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13840.","startPage":"197","endPage":"211","ipdsId":"IP-083284","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13840","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b76ec1e4b08b1644ddfac4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conlisk, Erin","contributorId":149404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conlisk","given":"Erin","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castanha, Cristina","contributorId":177737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castanha","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":152582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Veblen, Thomas T.","contributorId":71112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"Thomas T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Jeremy M.","contributorId":182002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moyes, Andrew B.","contributorId":177738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyes","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kueppers, Lara M.","contributorId":177736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kueppers","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189768,"text":"70189768 - 2018 - Growth strategies and threshold responses to water deficit modulate effects of warming on tree seedlings from forest to alpine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T14:30:46","indexId":"70189768","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth strategies and threshold responses to water deficit modulate effects of warming on tree seedlings from forest to alpine","docAbstract":"1.Predictions of upslope range shifts for tree species with warming are based on assumptions of moisture stress at lower elevation limits and low temperature stress at high elevation limits. However, recent studies have shown that warming can reduce tree seedling establishment across the entire gradient from subalpine forest to alpine via moisture limitation. Warming effects also vary with species, potentially resulting in community shifts in high elevation forests.
2.We examined the growth and physiology underlying effects of warming on seedling demographic patterns. We evaluated dry mass (DM), root length, allocation above- and belowground, and relative growth rate (RGR) of whole seedlings, and their ability to avoid or endure water stress via water-use efficiency and resisting turgor loss, for Pinus flexilis, Picea engelmannii and Pinus contorta seeded below, at, and above treeline in experimentally warmed, watered, and control plots in the Rocky Mountains, USA. We expected that growth and allocation responses to warming would relate to moisture status and that variation in drought tolerance traits would explain species differences in survival rates.
3.Across treatments and elevations, seedlings of all species had weak turgor-loss resistance, and growth was marginal with negative RGR in the first growth phase (-0.01 to -0.04 g/g/d). Growth was correlated with soil moisture, particularly in the relatively small-seeded P. contorta and P. engelmannii. P. flexilis, known to have the highest survivorship, attained the greatest DM and longest root but was also the slowest growing and most water-use-efficient. This was likely due to its greater reliance on seed reserves. Seedlings developed 15% less total DM, 25% less root DM, and 11% shorter roots in heated compared to unheated plots. Higher temperatures slightly increased DM, root length and RGR where soils were wettest, but more strongly decreased these variables under drier conditions.
4.Synthesis: The surprising heat-inhibition of tree seedling establishment at the cold edge of forests appears to have a physiological basis: newly germinated seedlings have poor moisture stress tolerance, which appears related to marginal initial growth and heavy reliance on seed reserves. Variation in these attributes among tree species at treeline helps explain their different climate responses.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.12837","usgsCitation":"Lazarus, B.E., Castanha, C., Germino, M., Kueppers, L.M., and Moyes, A.B., 2018, Growth strategies and threshold responses to water deficit modulate effects of warming on tree seedlings from forest to alpine: Journal of Ecology, v. 106, p. 571-585, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12837.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"585","ipdsId":"IP-078453","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12837","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5977074ce4b0ec1a48889f40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lazarus, Brynne E. 0000-0002-6352-486X blazarus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-486X","contributorId":4901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"Brynne","email":"blazarus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castanha, Cristina","contributorId":177737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castanha","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":152582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kueppers, Lara M.","contributorId":177736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kueppers","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moyes, Andrew B.","contributorId":177738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyes","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189567,"text":"70189567 - 2018 - An empirical perspective for understanding climate change impacts in Switzerland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T14:35:56","indexId":"70189567","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3242,"text":"Regional Environmental Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical perspective for understanding climate change impacts in Switzerland","docAbstract":"Planning for the future requires a detailed understanding of how climate change affects a wide range of systems at spatial scales that are relevant to humans. Understanding of climate change impacts can be gained from observational and reconstruction approaches and from numerical models that apply existing knowledge to climate change scenarios. Although modeling approaches are prominent in climate change assessments, observations and reconstructions provide insights that cannot be derived from simulations alone, especially at local to regional scales where climate adaptation policies are implemented. Here, we review the wealth of understanding that emerged from observations and reconstructions of ongoing and past climate change impacts in Switzerland, with wider applicability in Europe. We draw examples from hydrological, alpine, forest, and agricultural systems, which are of paramount societal importance, and are projected to undergo important changes by the end of this century. For each system, we review existing model-based projections, present what is known from observations, and discuss how empirical evidence may help improve future projections. A particular focus is given to better understanding thresholds, tipping points and feedbacks that may operate on different time scales. Observational approaches provide the grounding in evidence that is needed to develop local to regional climate adaptation strategies. Our review demonstrates that observational approaches should ideally have a synergistic relationship with modeling in identifying inconsistencies in projections as well as avenues for improvement. They are critical for uncovering unexpected relationships between climate and agricultural, natural, and hydrological systems that will be important to society in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10113-017-1182-9","usgsCitation":"Henne, P., Bigalke, M., Buntgen, U., Colombaroli, D., Conedera, M., Feller, U., Frank, D., Fuhrer, J., Grosjean, M., Heiri, O., Luterbacher, J., Mestrot, A., Rigling, A., Rossler, O., Rohr, C., Rutishauser, T., Schwikowski, M., Stampfli, A., Szidat, S., Theurillat, J., Weingartner, R., Wilcke, W., and Tinner, W., 2018, An empirical perspective for understanding climate change impacts in Switzerland: Regional Environmental Change, v. 18, no. 1, p. 205-221, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1182-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"221","ipdsId":"IP-077272","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1182-9","text":"External 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Jean-Paul","contributorId":194741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theurillat","given":"Jean-Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Weingartner, Rolf 0000-0001-9876-1104","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-1104","contributorId":194742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weingartner","given":"Rolf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Wilcke, Wolfgan 0000-0002-6031-4613","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-4613","contributorId":194743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilcke","given":"Wolfgan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Tinner, Willy 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step-selection models","docAbstract":"“Species distribution modeling” was recently ranked as one of the top five “research fronts” in ecology and the environmental sciences by ISI's Essential Science Indicators (Renner and Warton 2013), reflecting the importance of predicting how species distributions will respond to anthropogenic change. Unfortunately, species distribution models (SDMs) often perform poorly when applied to novel environments. Compounding on this problem is the shortage of methods for evaluating SDMs (hence, we may be getting our predictions wrong and not even know it). Traditional methods for validating SDMs quantify a model's ability to classify locations as used or unused. Instead, we propose to focus on how well SDMs can predict the characteristics of used locations. This subtle shift in viewpoint leads to a more natural and informative evaluation and validation of models across the entire spectrum of SDMs. Through a series of examples, we show how simple graphical methods can help with three fundamental challenges of habitat modeling: identifying missing covariates, non-linearity, and multicollinearity. Identifying habitat characteristics that are not well-predicted by the model can provide insights into variables affecting the distribution of species, suggest appropriate model modifications, and ultimately improve the reliability and generality of conservation and management recommendations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.03123","usgsCitation":"Fieberg, J.R., Forester, J.D., Street, G.M., Johnson, D.H., ArchMiller, A.A., and Matthiopoulos, J., 2018, Used-habitat calibration plots: A new procedure for validating species distribution, resource selection, and step-selection models: Ecography, v. 41, no. 5, p. 737-752, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03123.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"752","ipdsId":"IP-078796","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03123","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c33e4b0d1f9f057e2db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fieberg, John R. 0000-0002-3180-7021","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-7021","contributorId":194333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fieberg","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forester, James D.","contributorId":194334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forester","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Street, Garrett M.","contributorId":194335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Street","given":"Garrett","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"ArchMiller, Althea A.","contributorId":194336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"ArchMiller","given":"Althea","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Matthiopoulos, Jason","contributorId":194337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matthiopoulos","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193826,"text":"70193826 - 2018 - Evaluating stocking efficacy in an ecosystem undergoing oligotrophication","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-04T16:20:14","indexId":"70193826","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating stocking efficacy in an ecosystem undergoing oligotrophication","docAbstract":"Oligotrophication has negatively affected fisheries production in many freshwater ecosystems and could conceivably reduce the efficacy of stockings used to enhance fisheries. In Lake Michigan, offshore oligotrophication has occurred since the 1970s, owing to reductions in total phosphorus (TP) inputs and nearshore sequestration of TP by nonindigenous dreissenid mussels. We evaluated simultaneous effects of stock enhancement and oligotrophication on salmonine species (Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, and steelhead O. mykiss) that support valuable recreational fisheries. We employed a novel application of an Ecopath with Ecosim model by conducting a full factorial simulation experiment. Our design included multiple levels of salmonine stocking, consumption by invasive quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis), and TP that were informed by manager interests. Under all levels of TP and quagga mussel consumption, our results showed that stock enhancement could still increase salmonine biomass, but positive responses were stronger for lake trout and steelhead than Chinook salmon. Simulations showed that quagga mussel consumption has deleterious effects on pelagic-oriented prey fishes and Chinook salmon, which feed almost exclusively on the pelagic-oriented alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). In summary, results from our simulation experiment suggested that lake trout and steelhead are better suited to the current ecosystem than Chinook salmon, and therefore, stock enhancement provides the highest gains for these two species. Furthermore, simulated biomass of all recreational salmonine species increased with increasing TP, indicating the need for managers to consider how potential future oligotrophication will limit the carrying capacity of salmonine biomass in Lake Michigan
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-017-0173-5","usgsCitation":"Kao, Y., Rogers, M.W., and Bunnell, D., 2018, Evaluating stocking efficacy in an ecosystem undergoing oligotrophication: Ecosystems, v. 21, no. 4, p. 600-618, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0173-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"618","ipdsId":"IP-087701","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","volume":"21","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e8b7e4b09af898c8cb99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kao, Yu-Chun 0000-0001-5552-909X ykao@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-909X","contributorId":192240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kao","given":"Yu-Chun","email":"ykao@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Mark W. 0000-0001-7205-5623 mwrogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-5623","contributorId":4590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Mark","email":"mwrogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747 dbunnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":3139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190589,"text":"70190589 - 2018 - The influence of data characteristics on detecting wetland/stream surface-water connections in the Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T12:51:13","indexId":"70190589","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of data characteristics on detecting wetland/stream surface-water connections in the Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware","docAbstract":"The dependence of downstream waters on upstream ecosystems necessitates an improved understanding of watershed-scale hydrological interactions including connections between wetlands and streams. An evaluation of such connections is challenging when, (1) accurate and complete datasets of wetland and stream locations are often not available and (2) natural variability in surface-water extent influences the frequency and duration of wetland/stream connectivity. The Upper Choptank River watershed on the Delmarva Peninsula in eastern Maryland and Delaware is dominated by a high density of small, forested wetlands. In this analysis, wetland/stream surface water connections were quantified using multiple wetland and stream datasets, including headwater streams and depressions mapped from a lidar-derived digital elevation model. Surface-water extent was mapped across the watershed for spring 2015 using Landsat-8, Radarsat-2 and Worldview-3 imagery. The frequency of wetland/stream connections increased as a more complete and accurate stream dataset was used and surface-water extent was included, in particular when the spatial resolution of the imagery was finer (i.e., <10 m). Depending on the datasets used, 12–60% of wetlands by count (21–93% of wetlands by area) experienced surface-water interactions with streams during spring 2015. This translated into a range of 50–94% of the watershed contributing direct surface water runoff to streamflow. This finding suggests that our interpretation of the frequency and duration of wetland/stream connections will be influenced not only by the spatial and temporal characteristics of wetlands, streams and potential flowpaths, but also by the completeness, accuracy and resolution of input datasets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11273-017-9554-y","usgsCitation":"Vanderhoof, M.K., Distler, H., Lang, M.W., and Alexander, L.C., 2018, The influence of data characteristics on detecting wetland/stream surface-water connections in the Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 26, no. 1, p. 63-86, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-017-9554-y.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"86","ipdsId":"IP-084257","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9534041","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F70C4T8F","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for the influence of data characteristics on detecting wetland/stream surface-water connections in the Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware"},{"id":352120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Delmarva Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.1,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -76.1,\n 39.1\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 39.1\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -76.1,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee787e4b0da30c1bfc2b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanderhoof, Melanie K. 0000-0002-0101-5533 mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0101-5533","contributorId":168395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderhoof","given":"Melanie","email":"mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Distler, Hayley 0000-0001-5006-1360 hdistler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5006-1360","contributorId":179359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Distler","given":"Hayley","email":"hdistler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lang, Megan W.","contributorId":196284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lang","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, Laurie C.","contributorId":196285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249244,"text":"70249244 - 2018 - Defining and classifying migratory habitats as sources and sinks: The migratory pathway approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T11:54:03.817211","indexId":"70249244","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-08T06:51:09","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining and classifying migratory habitats as sources and sinks: The migratory pathway approach","docAbstract":"Groundwater models often serve as management tools to evaluate competing water uses including ecosystems, irrigated agriculture, industry, municipal supply, and others. Depletion potential mapping—showing the model-calculated potential impacts that wells have on stream baseflow—can form the basis for multiple potential management approaches in an oversubscribed basin. Specific management approaches can include scenarios proposed by stakeholders, systematic changes in well pumping based on depletion potential, and formal constrained optimization, which can be used to quantify the tradeoff between water use and stream baseflow. Variables such as the maximum amount of reduction allowed in each well and various groupings of wells using, for example, K-means clustering considering spatial proximity and depletion potential are considered. These approaches provide a potential starting point and guidance for resource managers and stakeholders to make decisions about groundwater management in a basin, spreading responsibility in different ways. We illustrate these approaches in the Little Plover River basin in central Wisconsin, United States—home to a rich agricultural tradition, with farmland and urban areas both in close proximity to a groundwater-dependent trout stream. Groundwater withdrawals have reduced baseflow supplying the Little Plover River below a legally established minimum. The techniques in this work were developed in response to engaged stakeholders with various interests and goals for the basin. They sought to develop a collaborative management plan at a watershed scale that restores the flow rate in the river in a manner that incorporates principles of shared governance and results in effective and minimally disruptive changes in groundwater extraction practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12536","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Bradbury, K.R., Kniffin, M., and Barlow, P.M., 2018, Depletion mapping and constrained optimization to support managing groundwater extraction: Groundwater, v. 56, no. 1, p. 18-31, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12536.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-084972","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910a7e4b0764e6c5e883e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":177065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, Kenneth R.","contributorId":192713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradbury","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":33612,"text":"Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, University of Wisconsin Extension, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kniffin, Maribeth","contributorId":190743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kniffin","given":"Maribeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13562,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187111,"text":"70187111 - 2018 - Spawning site fidelity and apparent annual survival of walleye (Sander vitreus) differ between a Lake Huron and Lake Erie tributary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-12T12:37:54","indexId":"70187111","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Spawning site fidelity and apparent annual survival of walleye (Sander vitreus) differ between a Lake Huron and Lake Erie tributary","title":"Spawning site fidelity and apparent annual survival of walleye (Sander vitreus) differ between a Lake Huron and Lake Erie tributary","docAbstract":"Fidelity to spawning habitats can maximise reproductive success of fish by synchronising movements to sites of previous recruitment. To determine the role of reproductive fidelity in structuring walleye Sander vitreus populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes, we used acoustic telemetry combined with Cormack–Jolly–Seber capture–recapture models to estimate spawning site fidelity and apparent annual survival for the Tittabawassee River in Lake Huron and Maumee River in Lake Erie. Walleye in spawning condition were tagged from the Tittabawassee River in Lake Huron and Maumee River in Lake Erie in 2011–2012. Site fidelity and apparent annual survival were estimated from return of individuals to the stream where tagged. Site fidelity estimates were higher in the Tittabawassee River (95%) than the Maumee River (70%) and were not related to sex or fish length at tagging. Apparent annual survival of walleye tagged in the Tittabawassee did not differ among spawning seasons but was higher for female than male walleye and decreased linearly as fish length increased. Apparent annual survival of walleye tagged in the Maumee River did not differ among spawning seasons but was higher for female walleye than male walleye and increased linearly as fish length increased. Greater fidelity of walleye tagged in the Tittabawassee River than walleye tagged in the Maumee River may be related to the close proximity to the Maumee River of other spawning aggregations and multiple spawning sites in Lake Erie. As spawning site fidelity increases, management actions to conserve population structure require an increasing focus on individual stocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12350","usgsCitation":"Hayden, T.A., Binder, T., Holbrook, C., Vandergoot, C., Fielder, D.G., Cooke, S., Dettmers, J.M., and Krueger, C., 2018, Spawning site fidelity and apparent annual survival of walleye (Sander vitreus) differ between a Lake Huron and Lake Erie tributary: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 27, no. 1, p. 339-349, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12350.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"349","ipdsId":"IP-083488","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12350","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.5,\n 43.4\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 43.4\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 44.2\n ],\n [\n -84.5,\n 44.2\n ],\n [\n -84.5,\n 43.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.7,\n 41.55\n ],\n [\n -83.3,\n 41.55\n ],\n [\n -83.3,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -83.7,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -83.7,\n 41.55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0e9be4b006455f2d61b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayden, Todd A. 0000-0002-0451-0425 thayden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-0425","contributorId":5987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayden","given":"Todd","email":"thayden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binder, Thomas 0000-0001-9266-9120 tbinder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-9120","contributorId":4958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binder","given":"Thomas","email":"tbinder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":139681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vandergoot, Christopher 0000-0003-4128-3329 cvandergoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4128-3329","contributorId":178356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"Christopher","email":"cvandergoot@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fielder, David G.","contributorId":127528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fielder","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooke, Steven J.","contributorId":56132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[{"id":36574,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dettmers, John M.","contributorId":191256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettmers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":67821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70216316,"text":"70216316 - 2018 - Interoperability in planetary research for geospatial data analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-11T15:52:00.197038","indexId":"70216316","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-13T09:43:43","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interoperability in planetary research for geospatial data analysis","docAbstract":"For more than a decade there has been a push in the planetary science community to support interoperable methods for accessing and working with geospatial data. Common geospatial data products for planetary research include image mosaics, digital elevation or terrain models, geologic maps, geographic location databases (e.g., craters, volcanoes) or any data that can be tied to the surface of a planetary body (including moons, comets or asteroids). Several U.S. and international cartographic research institutions have converged on mapping standards that embrace standardized geospatial image formats, geologic mapping conventions, U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) cartographic and metadata standards, and notably on-line mapping services as defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The latter includes defined standards such as the OGC Web Mapping Services (simple image maps), Web Map Tile Services (cached image tiles), Web Feature Services (feature streaming), Web Coverage Services (rich scientific data streaming), and Catalog Services for the Web (data searching and discoverability). While these standards were developed for application to Earth-based data, they can be just as valuable for planetary domain. Another initiative, called VESPA (Virtual European Solar and Planetary Access), will marry several of the above geoscience standards and astronomy-based standards as defined by International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). This work outlines the current state of interoperability initiatives in use or in the process of being researched within the planetary geospatial community.
Belize contains important habitat for Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) and provides refuge for the highest known population density of this subspecies. As these animals face impending threats, knowledge of their dietary habits can be used to interpret resource utilization. The contents of 13 mouth, 6 digestive tract (stomach, duodenum and colon), and 124 fecal samples were microscopically examined using a modified point technique detection protocol to identify key plant species consumed by manatees at two important aggregation sites in Belize: Southern Lagoon and the Drowned Cayes. Overall, 15 different items were identified in samples from manatees in Belize. Five species of seagrasses (Halodule wrightii, Thalassia testudinum, Ruppia maritima, Syringodium filiforme, and Halophila sp.) made up the highest percentage of items. The red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), was also identified as an important food item. Algae (Ulva sp., Chara sp., Lyngbya sp.) and invertebrates (sponges and diatoms) were also consumed. Variation in the percentage of seagrasses, other vascular plants, and algae consumption was analyzed as a 4-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with main effects and interactions for locality, sex, size classification, and season. While sex and season did not influence diet composition, differences for locality and size classification were observed. These results suggest that analysis of diet composition of Antillean manatees may help to determine critical habitat and use of associated food resources which, in turn can be used to aid conservation efforts in Belize.
","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","doi":"10.1017/S0025315417000182","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.C., Beck, C.A., Bonde, R.K., Powell, J.A., and Gomez, N.A., 2018, Diet of the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Belize, Central America: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, v. 98, no. 7, p. 1831-1840, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000182.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1831","endPage":"1840","ipdsId":"IP-078899","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417000182","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Belize","volume":"98","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a540e4b09da6799d639b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Aarin Conrad","contributorId":139671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Aarin","email":"","middleInitial":"Conrad","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, Cathy A. 0000-0002-5388-5418 cbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":2919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Cathy","email":"cbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, James A.","contributorId":190683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gomez, Nicole Auil","contributorId":40465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"Auil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70186327,"text":"70186327 - 2018 - Shallow bedrock limits groundwater seepage-based headwater climate refugia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T14:34:38","indexId":"70186327","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5362,"text":"Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow bedrock limits groundwater seepage-based headwater climate refugia","docAbstract":"Groundwater/surface-water exchanges in streams are inexorably linked to adjacent aquifer dynamics. As surface-water temperatures continue to increase with climate warming, refugia created by groundwater connectivity is expected to enable cold water fish species to survive. The shallow alluvial aquifers that source groundwater seepage to headwater streams, however, may also be sensitive to seasonal and long-term air temperature dynamics. Depth to bedrock can directly influence shallow aquifer flow and thermal sensitivity, but is typically ill-defined along the stream corridor in steep mountain catchments. We employ rapid, cost-effective passive seismic measurements to evaluate the variable thickness of the shallow colluvial and alluvial aquifer sediments along a headwater stream supporting cold water-dependent brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Shenandoah National Park, VA, USA. Using a mean depth to bedrock of 2.6 m, numerical models predicted strong sensitivity of shallow aquifer temperature to the downward propagation of surface heat. The annual temperature dynamics (annual signal amplitude attenuation and phase shift) of potential seepage sourced from the shallow modeled aquifer were compared to several years of paired observed stream and air temperature records. Annual stream water temperature patterns were found to lag local air temperature by ∼8–19 d along the stream corridor, indicating that thermal exchange between the stream and shallow groundwater is spatially variable. Locations with greater annual signal phase lag were also associated with locally increased amplitude attenuation, further suggestion of year-round buffering of channel water temperature by groundwater seepage. Numerical models of shallow groundwater temperature that incorporate regional expected climate warming trends indicate that the summer cooling capacity of this groundwater seepage will be reduced over time, and lower-elevation stream sections may no longer serve as larger-scale climate refugia for cold water fish species, even with strong groundwater discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.limno.2017.02.005","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Lane, J.W., Snyder, C.D., White, E.A., Johnson, Z., Nelms, D.L., and Hitt, N.P., 2018, Shallow bedrock limits groundwater seepage-based headwater climate refugia: Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, v. 68, p. 142-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2017.02.005.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"156","ipdsId":"IP-081517","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2017.02.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IJMGIB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Passive seismic data collected along headwater stream corridors in Shenandoah National Park in 2016 - 2020"},{"id":438091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JW8C04","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Seismic data for study of shallow mountain bedrock limits seepage-based headwater climate refugia, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia"},{"id":438090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TD9VFS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Temperature data for study of shallow mountain bedrock limits seepage-based headwater climate refugia, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia"},{"id":339122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b0e4b09da679997770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, Craig D. 0000-0002-3448-597X csnyder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-597X","contributorId":2568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Craig","email":"csnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Eric A. 0000-0002-7782-146X eawhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-146X","contributorId":1737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Eric","email":"eawhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":688333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Zachary 0000-0002-0149-5223 zjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-5223","contributorId":190399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Zachary","email":"zjohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70219130,"text":"70219130 - 2018 - Pore-types and pore-network evolution in Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford and Mississippian Barnett mudstones: Insights from laboratory thermal maturation and organic petrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T13:22:16.408161","indexId":"70219130","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-25T08:17:22","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pore-types and pore-network evolution in Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford and Mississippian Barnett mudstones: Insights from laboratory thermal maturation and organic petrology","docAbstract":"Pore-evolution models from immature organic-matter (OM) -rich Barnett (0.42%Ro) and Woodford (0.49%Ro) mudstones were compared with models previously developed from low-maturity OM-lean Boquillas (Eagle Ford-equivalent) mudstones to investigate whether (1) different mineralogy (siliceous vs. calcareous) exerts different catalytic and sorption effects and influences OM-pore origin and evolution; and (2) different types of macerals show different OM pore evolution history. Laboratory gold-tube pyrolysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thin-section petrography, organic petrography, and geochemical characterization were used to investigate the role of bulk mineralogy, maceral type, and thermal maturation on OM-pore evolution. Results suggest that mineralogy has little impact on OM-pore development and evolution. Macerals, identified using both SEM (platy OM, particulate OM, organic–mineral admixtures, Tasmanites) and organic petrology (vitrinite, inertinite, amorphous organic matter [AOM]/bituminite, telalginite [Leiosphaeridia, Tasmanites]), do affect the origin and evolution of OM pores owing to differences in chemical compositions, generation kinetics, and activation-energy distributions between Tasmanites, matrix bituminite, and other types of macerals. Leiosphaeridia and Tasmanites in Woodford mudstone samples exhibit a delay in onset and a shorter period of petroleum generation and pore development compared to the matrix bituminite in the Barnett and Woodford mudstone samples. Pre-oil solid bitumen was observed to have migrated into initial primary mineral pore networks at the bitumen generation stage in both Barnett and Woodford samples. At higher levels of thermal maturation, the volume of primary mineral pores decreases and the pore volume composed of modified mineral pores and OM pores becomes greater. Pore evolution and pore-type heterogeneity in these mudstones is a function of the initial mineral pore network, types of kerogen and macerals, and generation kinetics of individual macerals upon thermal maturation.
Piston core TN062-O550, collected about 33 km offshore of Eureka, California, contains a high-resolution record of the climate and oceanography of coastal northernmost California during the past ∼7.34 kyr. Chronology established by nine AMS ages on a combination of planktic foraminifers, bivalve shell fragments, and wood yields a mean sedimentation rate of 103 cm kyr−1. Marine proxies (diatoms and silicoflagellates) and pollen transported by the nearby Eel River reveal a stepwise development of both modern offshore surface water oceanography and coastal arboreal ecosystems. Beginning at ∼5.4 cal ka the relative abundance of coastal redwood pollen, a proxy for coastal fog, displays a two fold increase suggesting enhanced coastal upwelling. A decline in the relative contribution of subtropical diatoms at ∼5.0 cal ka implies cooling of sea surface temperatures (SSTs). At ∼3.6 cal ka an increase in the relative abundance of alder and oak at the expense of coastal redwood likely signals intensified riverine transport of pollen from inland environments. Cooler offshore SSTs and increased precipitation characterize the interval between ∼3.6 and 2.8 cal ka. A rapid, stepwise change in coastal climatology and oceanography occurs between ∼2.8 and 2.6 cal ka that suggests an enhanced expression of modern Pacific Decadal Oscillation-like (PDO) cycles. A three-fold increase in the relative abundance of the subtropical diatom Fragilariopsis doliolus at 2.8 cal ka appears to mark an abrupt warming of winter SSTs. Soon afterwards at 2.6 cal ka, a two fold increase in the relative abundance of coastal redwood pollen is suggestive of an abrupt intensification of spring upwelling. After ∼2.8 cal ka a sequence of cool-warm, PDO-like cycles occurs wherein cool cycles are characterized by relative abundance increases in coastal redwood pollen and decreased contributions of subtropical diatoms, whereas opposite proxy trends distinguish warm cycles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.039","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Bukry, D., Heusser, L.E., Addison, J.A., and Alexander, C.R., 2018, High-resolution climate of the past ∼7300 years of coastal northernmost California: Results from diatoms, silicoflagellates, and pollen: Quaternary International, v. 469, no. B, p. 109-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.039.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"119","ipdsId":"IP-072222","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"469","issue":"B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d3ce4b01dfadfff1529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heusser, Linda E.","contributorId":178365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heusser","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":28041,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alexander, Clark R. Jr.","contributorId":178366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"Clark","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":28042,"text":"Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, GA 31411","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195495,"text":"70195495 - 2018 - Direct and indirect controls on organic matter decomposition in four coastal wetland communities along a landscape salinity gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T10:21:02","indexId":"70195495","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct and indirect controls on organic matter decomposition in four coastal wetland communities along a landscape salinity gradient","docAbstract":"Many species living in deeper lentic ecosystems exhibit daily movements that cycle through the water column, generally referred to as diel vertical migration (DVM). In this study, we applied bioenergetics modelling to evaluate growth as a hypothesis to explain DVM by bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a thermally stratified reservoir (Ross Lake, WA, USA) during the peak of thermal stratification in July and August. Bioenergetics model parameters were derived from observed vertical distributions of temperature, prey and bull trout. Field sampling confirmed that bull trout prey almost exclusively on recently introduced redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus). Model predictions revealed that deeper (>25 m) DVMs commonly exhibited by bull trout during peak thermal stratification cannot be explained by maximising growth. Survival, another common explanation for DVM, may have influenced bull trout depth use, but observations suggest there may be additional drivers of DVM. We propose these deeper summertime excursions may be partly explained by an alternative hypothesis: the importance of colder water for gametogenesis. In Ross Lake, reliance of bull trout on warm water prey (redside shiner) for consumption and growth poses a potential trade-off with the need for colder water for gametogenesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12321","usgsCitation":"Eckmann, M., Dunham, J.B., Connor, E.J., and Welch, C.A., 2018, Bioenergetic evaluation of diel vertical migration by bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a thermally stratified reservoir: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 27, no. 1, p. 30-43, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12321.","startPage":"30","endPage":"43","ipdsId":"IP-062351","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Ross Lake, North Cascades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.03363037109374,\n 48.82268881260476\n ],\n 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jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":147808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connor, Edward J.","contributorId":177723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welch, Carmen A.","contributorId":177724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welch","given":"Carmen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178531,"text":"70178531 - 2018 - Climate-induced seasonal changes in smallmouth bass growth rate potential at the southern range extent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T14:02:08","indexId":"70178531","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-induced seasonal changes in smallmouth bass growth rate potential at the southern range extent","docAbstract":"Temperature increases due to climate change over the coming century will likely affect smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) growth in lotic systems at the southern extent of their native range. However, the thermal response of a stream to warming climate conditions could be affected by the flow regime of each stream, mitigating the effects on smallmouth bass populations. We developed bioenergetics models to compare change in smallmouth bass growth rate potential (GRP) from present to future projected monthly stream temperatures across two flow regimes: runoff and groundwater-dominated. Seasonal differences in GRP between stream types were then compared. The models were developed for fourteen streams within the Ozark–Ouachita Interior Highlands in Arkansas, Oklahoma and Missouri, USA, which contain smallmouth bass. In our simulations, smallmouth bass mean GRP during summer months decreased by 0.005 g g−1 day−1 in runoff streams and 0.002 g g−1 day−1 in groundwater streams by the end of century. Mean GRP during winter, fall and early spring increased under future climate conditions within both stream types (e.g., 0.00019 g g−1 day−1 in runoff and 0.0014 g g−1 day−1 in groundwater streams in spring months). We found significant differences in change in GRP between runoff and groundwater streams in three seasons in end-of-century simulations (spring, summer and fall). Potential differences in stream temperature across flow regimes could be an important habitat component to consider when investigating effects of climate change as fishes from various flow regimes that are relatively close geographically could be affected differently by warming climate conditions.
Director, Oklahoma Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
202 NW 66th, Bldg 7
Oklahoma City, OK 73116
Conservation and recovery of species of concern necessitates evaluating forest habitat conditions under changing climate conditions, especially in the early stages of the delisting process. Managers must weigh implications of near-term habitat management activities within the context of changing environmental conditions and a species’ biological traits that may influence their vulnerability to changing conditions. Here we applied established population-habitat relationships based on decades of monitoring and research-management collaborations for the Kirtland’s Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) to project potential impacts of changing environmental conditions to breeding habitat distribution, quantity, and quality in the near future. Kirtland’s warblers are habitat-specialists that nest exclusively within dense jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests between ca. 5–20 years of age. Using Random Forests to predict changes in distribution and growth rate of jack pine under future scenarios, results indicate the projected distribution of jack pine will contract considerably (ca. 75%) throughout the Lake States region, U.S.A. in response to projected environmental conditions in 2099 under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 climate scenarios regardless of climate model. Reduced suitability for jack pine regeneration across the Lake States may constrain management options, especially for creating high stem-density plantations nesting habitat. However, conditions remain suitable for jack pine regeneration within their historical and current core breeding range in northern Lower Michigan and several satellite breeding areas. Projected changes in jack pine growth rates varied within the core breeding area, but altered growth rates did not greatly alter the duration that habitat remained suitable for nesting by the Kirtland’s Warblers. These findings contribute to Kirtland’s Warbler conservation by informing habitat spatial planning of plantation management to provide a constant supply of nesting habitat based on the spatial variability of potential loss or gain of lands environmentally suitable for regenerating jack pine in the long-term.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.026","usgsCitation":"Donner, D.M., Brown, D., Ribic, C., Nelson, M., and Greco, T., 2018, Managing forest habitat for conservation-reliant species in a changing climate: The case of the endangered Kirtland’s Warbler: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 430, p. 265-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.026.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"279","ipdsId":"IP-094530","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 43.8028187190472\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.31982421875,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n -83.07861328125,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n -83.07861328125,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -85.31982421875,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -85.31982421875,\n 45.78284835197676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.57177734375,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -85.69335937499999,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -85.69335937499999,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -88.57177734375,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -88.57177734375,\n 45.75219336063106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 46.08847179577592\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 44.91813929958515\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 44.91813929958515\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 44.91813929958515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.04669189453125,\n 43.65594991256823\n ],\n [\n -89.50698852539062,\n 43.65594991256823\n ],\n [\n -89.50698852539062,\n 44.219615400229195\n ],\n [\n -90.04669189453125,\n 44.219615400229195\n ],\n [\n -90.04669189453125,\n 43.65594991256823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"430","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donner, Deahn M.","contributorId":171823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donner","given":"Deahn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Donald J.","contributorId":191568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Donald J.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":804352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Mark","contributorId":244674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":27863,"text":"U. S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greco, Tim","contributorId":244675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greco","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":47797,"text":"wri034009 - 2018 - Evaluation of the Source and Transport of High Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water, Warren Subbasin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T16:54:36","indexId":"wri034009","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4009","title":"Evaluation of the Source and Transport of High Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water, Warren Subbasin, California","docAbstract":"Ground water historically has been the sole source of water supply for the Town of Yucca Valley in the Warren subbasin of the Morongo ground-water basin, California. An imbalance between ground-water recharge and pumpage caused ground-water levels in the subbasin to decline by as much as 300 feet from the late 1940s through 1994. In response, the local water district, Hi-Desert Water District, instituted an artificial recharge program in February 1995 using imported surface water to replenish the ground water. The artificial recharge program resulted in water-level recoveries of as much as 250 feet in the vicinity of the recharge ponds between February 1995 and December 2001; however, nitrate concentrations in some wells also increased from a background concentration of 10 milligrams per liter to more than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 44 milligrams per liter (10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen).
The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the sources of the high-nitrate concentrations that occurred after the start of the artificial-recharge program, (2) develop a ground-water flow and solute-transport model to better understand the source and transport of nitrates in the aquifer system, and (3) utilize the calibrated models to evaluate the possible effect of a proposed conjunctive-use project. These objectives were accomplished by collecting water-level and water-quality data for the subbasin and assessing changes that have occurred since artificial recharge began. Collected data were used to calibrate the ground-water flow and solute-transport models.
Data collected for this study indicate that the areal extent of the water-bearing deposits is much smaller (about 5.5 square miles versus 19 square miles) than that of the subbasin. These water-bearing deposits are referred to in this report as the Warren ground-water basin. Faults separate the ground-water basin into five hydrogeologic units: the west, the midwest, the mideast, the east and the northeast hydrogeologic units.
Water-quality analyses indicate that septage from septic tanks is the primary source of the high-nitrate concentrations measured in the Warren ground-water basin. Water-quality and stable-isotope data, collected after the start of the artificial recharge program, indicate that mixing occurs between imported water and native ground water, with the highest recorded nitrate concentrations in the midwest and the mideast hydrogeologic units. In general, the timing of the increase in measured nitrate concentrations in the midwest hydrogeologic unit is directly related to the distance of the monitoring well from a recharge site, indicating that the increase in nitrate concentrations is related to the artificial recharge program. Nitrate-to-chloride and nitrogen-isotope data indicate that septage is the source of the measured increase in nitrate concentrations in the midwest and the mideast hydrogeologic units. Samples from four wells in the Warren ground-water basin were analyzed for caffeine and selected human pharmaceutical products; these analyses suggest that septage is reaching the water table.
There are two possible conceptual models that explain how high-nitrate septage reaches the water table: (1) the continued downward migration of septage through the unsaturated zone to the water table and (2) rising water levels, a result of the artificial recharge program, entraining septage in the unsaturated zone. The observations that nitrate concentrations increase in ground-water samples from wells soon after the start of the artificial recharge program in 1995 and that the largest increase in nitrate concentrations occur in the midwest and mideast hydrogeologic units where the largest increase in water levels occur indicate the validity of the second conceptual model (rising water levels). The potential nitrate concentration resulting from a water-level rise in the midwest and mideast hydrogeologic units was estimated using a simple mixing-cell model. The estimated value is within the range of concentrations measured in samples from wells, further indicating the validity of the second conceptual model.
A ground-water flow model and a solute-transport model were developed for the Warren ground-water basin for the period 1956-2001. MODFLOW-96 was used for the ground-water flow model and MOC3D was used for the solute-transport model. The model cell size is about 500 feet by 500 feet and the models were discretized vertically into three layers. The models were calibrated using a trial-and-error approach using water-level and nitrate-concentration data collected between 1956-2001. In order to better match the measured data, low fault hydraulic characteristic values were required, thereby compartmentalizing the ground-water basin. In addition, it was necessary to parameterize the specific yield distribution for the top model layer where unconfined ground-water conditions occur into three homogeneous zones. Separate sets of specific- yield values were needed to simulate the drawdown and subsequent water-level recovery. In addition, the calibrated natural recharge was about 83 acre-feet per year. The entrainment of unsaturated-zone septage was simulated as recharge having an associated nitrate concentration. The volume of recharge was a function of the measured water-level rise between 1994-98 and the moisture content of the unsaturated zone. The nitrate concentration of the recharge water was a weighted function of the assumed nitrate concentration in the infiltrating water associated with the overlying land use. The simulated hydraulic head and nitrate concentration results were in good agreement with the measured data indicating that the mechanism for the increase in nitrate concentrations was rising water levels entraining high-nitrate septage in the unsaturated-zone.
The calibrated models were used to simulate the possible effects of a planned conjunctive-use project in the western part of the ground-water basin. The simulated project included the addition of a new recharge pond and a new extraction well. In addition, recharge at two existing recharge ponds was increased and three existing production wells were pumped, treated in a nitrate-removal facility, and used for water supply. The simulated hydraulic heads increased in the west, the mideast, and parts of the east hydrogeologic units; however, the simulated hydraulic heads decreased in the midwest and northeast hydrogeologic units. The simulated nitrate concentrations increased to above the MCL of 44 milligrams per liter (10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) in parts of the west as a result of the increase in simulated hydraulic head. The simulated nitrate concentrations decreased in part of the midwest hydrogeologic unit as a result of the artificial recharge and pumping from the nitrate-removal wells. The simulated nitrate concentrations increased to above the MCL of 44 milligrams per liter in part of the mideast and parts of the east hydrogeologic units beneath commercial land-use areas.
We compare changes in low birth weight and child malnutrition in 13 African countries under projected climate change versus socio-economic development scenarios. Climate scenarios are created by linking surface temperature gradients with declines in seasonal rainfall sea along with warming values of 1 °C and 2 °C. Socio-economic scenarios are developed by assigning regionally specific changes in access to household electricity and mother's education. Using these scenarios, in combination with established models of children's health, we investigate and compare the changes in predicted health outcomes. We find that the negative effects of warming and drying on child stunting could be mitigated by positive development trends associated with increasing mothers’ educational status and household access to electricity. We find less potential for these trends to mitigate how warming and drying trends impact birth weights. In short, under warming and drying, the risk of more malnourished children is greater than the risk of more children with low birth weights, but increases in child malnutrition could be averted in regions that increase access to educational resources and basic infrastructure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.04.009","usgsCitation":"Davenport, F., Grace, K., Funk, C., and Shukla, S., 2017, Child health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: A comparison of changes in climate and socio-economic factors: Global Environmental Change, v. 46, p. 72-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.04.009.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"87","ipdsId":"IP-085021","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kenya, Senegal, Madagascar, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Guinea, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Uganda, 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Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":145841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","affiliations":[{"id":16255,"text":"Climate Hazards Group University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201322,"text":"70201322 - 2017 - Habitat suitability models for groundfish in the Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T11:11:12","indexId":"70201322","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-11T11:31:12","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5536,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat suitability models for groundfish in the Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Identifying and quantifying the major ecosystem processes that regulate recruitment strength of commercially and ecologically important fish species is a central goal of fisheries management research. In the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) five groundfish species are of particular interest: sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), and Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus). Habitat suitability models (HSM) were developed for the demersal early juvenile stage to inform survival to recruitment for these species, using catch data and seafloor habitat metrics with presence-only models. Regional-scale maps were produced that predict the probability of suitable habitat available in the GOA from settlement through residency in nursery areas. For example, the HSM for sablefish (150–399 mm) described suitable habitat as bathymetrically low-lying areas with low rocky structure within 25–300 m depth. In contrast, the HSM for Pacific ocean perch (50–200 mm) described suitable habitat as bathymetry rises with rocky structure present on north-south facing slopes within 85–270 m depth. These habitat covariates are useful to refine population estimates for North Pacific groundfish species and to inform life stage-specific definitions of Essential Fish Habitat. This application of MaxEnt models should be applicable for species with low occurrence of spatial data in other marine ecosystems globally.
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Kalei","contributorId":211306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shotwell","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kalei","affiliations":[{"id":38224,"text":"Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, Auke Bay Laboratories, Alaska Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmermann, Mark 0000-0002-5786-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-3814","contributorId":200380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, Jane A. 0000-0003-1771-3894 jareid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-3894","contributorId":2826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jane","email":"jareid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. 0000-0001-6007-6486 ngolden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6007-6486","contributorId":146220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199137,"text":"70199137 - 2017 - Application of paleoflood surveys for the southern Black Hills of South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T11:47:09","indexId":"70199137","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T11:47:04","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5789,"text":"South Dakota Department of Transportation Office of Research Study","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2010-04","title":"Application of paleoflood surveys for the southern Black Hills of South Dakota","docAbstract":"Flood-frequency analyses for the Black Hills area have especially large uncertainties and are especially important for planning purposes because of a history of extremely large and damaging floods, such as the extreme floods of June 9–10, 1972. Geology, topography, and climatology are additional complicating factors for flood-frequency characterization for the area. Two previous paleoflood studies for the Black Hills area indicated good potential for improving flood-frequency analyses through implementation of paleoflood investigations. The objectives of this study (SD2010-04) for the southern Black Hills were to (1) develop long-term flood chronologies and associated peak-flow frequency analyses for selected stream reaches by applying paleoflood hydrology approaches; and (2) develop flood-frequency information regarding “high-elevation” stream reaches to help address questions regarding differential potential for generation of exceptionally strong rain-producing thunderstorms across elevation gradients in the area. Neither objective was accomplished because the study was terminated before planned completion.\nSubstantial efforts could be applied for only 2 of the 12 research tasks prior to study termination. These were task 3 (preliminary reconnaissance) and task 4 (activities associated with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act). Field reconnaissance conducted along 10 candidate streams indicated that conditions in the southern Black Hills appear quite favorable for conducting paleoflood investigations. All 10 candidate streams had moderate to good potential for favorable paleoflood evidence, and in general are well constrained in relatively narrow canyon reaches, which provides good sensitivity for changes in stage, relative to discharge.\nTask 4 (Section 106 activities) was needed because alcoves and rock shelters that are well suited for deposition and preservation of paleoflood evidence may have been used as shelters or cache locations by indigenous inhabitants and thus may be eligible for consideration as historic properties because of possible archaeological or cultural materials. The complexity of the Section 106 concerns and issues became progressively more apparent as the study evolved. The study eventually was terminated when it became apparent that the resources needed to address the Section 106 issues would overwhelm the resources available for study implementation. In the event of consideration of future re-implementation, approaches that might help expedite Section 106 issues could include (1) a partnership with another Federal agency that has substantial experience with the Section 106 process; (2) securing assistance from a consultant that could help with both the Section 106 process and the required archaeological component; and (3) partnering with a tribal college with archaeological or earth science/hydrology programs, which could help make this study become part of a learning exercise.","language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, D.G., 2017, Application of paleoflood surveys for the southern Black Hills of South Dakota: South Dakota Department of Transportation Office of Research Study 2010-04, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-085944","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357090,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sddot.com/business/research/reports/Default.aspx"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfe65e3e4b0815414ca60fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Daniel G. 0000-0003-0016-8535 dgdrisco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-8535","contributorId":207583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","email":"dgdrisco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}