Andesite scoria, agglutinate, and small flows formed by thin lava gushes that erupted from East Lake Fissure on the north wall of Newberry Caldera carry numerous inclusions of platy rhyolite, partly melted platy rhyolite, and frothy obsidian. This association of obsidian and “basalt” has been interpreted as the result of intermingling of mafic and siliceous magmas. The locality has been repeatedly cited as an example of a mixed intrusion of the “basalt-rhyolite association.” Field, petrographic, chemical, and experimental evidence suggest, however, that the inclusions of frothy and massive obsidian are melted fragments of platy rhyolite which were ripped from a rhyolite unit forming part of the caldera wall by uncontaminated andesite magma which rose and fountained from the fissure.
Potassium-argon dating of Tertiary igneous rocks in Lander County, central Nevada, indicates that igneous activity was episodic and can be separated into three periods. Igneous activity started abruptly about 37 m.y. ago with local extrusion of andesitic to quartz-latitic lava flows and intrusion of hypabyssal rocks of similar composition. This activity ceased about 33 m.y. ago and was followed by extrusion of rhyolite ash-flow sheets that blanketed large parts of the region. These ash-flow sheets range from about 34 to 22 m.y. in age. The final phase, represented by basalt and basaltic-andesite flows and intrusive rhyolite flow-dome complexes, took place about 16 to 10 m.y. ago.
Andesitic to dacitic lava and hypabyssal rocks about 35 m.y. old are widespread east of Lander County and rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs 34 to 20 m.y. old are found south and east of Lander County. The younger (16 to 10 m.y.) basalt and basaltic-andesite flows are related to volcanism of the Snake River plain province to the north.
The precision of the ages was evaluated by means of: (1) repeat analyses of the same mineral separate, (2) age determination of mineral pairs from the same hand specimen, and (3) age determinations on widely spaced samples from the same geologic body or formation. The last method seems most meaningful from a geologic point of view.
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Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":827170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silberman, Miles L.","contributorId":92536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberman","given":"Miles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010268,"text":"70010268 - 1970 - Deuterium content of snow cores from Sierra Nevada area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T17:24:31.49247","indexId":"70010268","displayToPublicDate":"1970-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deuterium content of snow cores from Sierra Nevada area","docAbstract":"The relative deuterium content was measured on 37 snow cores collected in April 1969 in the Sierra Nevada. The deuterium content varies inversely with altitude of collection (approximately 40 per mil per 1000 meters) but is unrelated to latitude. The altitude relationship is particularly well defined west of the crest of the range but is not well defined east of the crest. However, samples from east of the crest tend to be depleted by about 10 to 15 per mil relative to samples collected at the same elevation west of the crest. We propose that the deuterium content of snow cores, collected so as to include the total winter's precipitation, can be used as a climatic indicator to compare the climate of one winter with that of another.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.169.3944.467","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., and Smith, G., 1970, Deuterium content of snow cores from Sierra Nevada area: Science, v. 169, no. 3944, p. 467-470, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3944.467.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"470","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.01606059384827,\n 39.24050139709556\n ],\n [\n -121.01606059384827,\n 38.20977649215865\n ],\n [\n -119.38801271817681,\n 38.20977649215865\n ],\n [\n -119.38801271817681,\n 39.24050139709556\n ],\n [\n -121.01606059384827,\n 39.24050139709556\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"169","issue":"3944","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0003e4b0c8380cd4f531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G.I.","contributorId":103694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170770,"text":"70170770 - 1970 - 4 Earthquake: Major offshore earthquakes recall the Aztec myth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-02T14:14:17","indexId":"70170770","displayToPublicDate":"1970-07-01T15:15:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"4 Earthquake: Major offshore earthquakes recall the Aztec myth","docAbstract":"Long before the sun clears the eastern mountains of April 29, 1970, the savanna highlands of Chiapas tremble from a magnitude 6.7 earthquake centered off the Pacific coast near Mexico’s southern border. 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]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57287a2be4b0b13d391865ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"United States Department of Commerce","contributorId":169080,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"United States Department of Commerce","id":628351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70139928,"text":"70139928 - 1970 - Saline ground-water resources of the Tularosa Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T10:09:14","indexId":"70139928","displayToPublicDate":"1970-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3864,"text":"Research and Development Progress Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"seriesNumber":"561","title":"Saline ground-water resources of the Tularosa Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This report describes the location, extent, and quality of saline ground water in the Tularosa Basin, a north-trending elongated, intermontane, desert basin in south-central New Mexico. There are no through-flowing streams; runoff from the bordering mountains flows to ephemeral lakes in the center of the basin.
\nFresh-water supplies in the Tularosa Basin are limited; however, large volumes of saline ground-water underlie most of the basin.
\nConsolidated rocks ranging from Precambrian through Cretaceous in age form \"bedrock\" aquifers in the basin. Where these rocks are exposed in the mountains bordering the basin, and in the north part of the basin, they may yield up to 150 gallons per minute, although yields are usually less than 20 gpm. Water at shallow depths in these rocks usually contain 1-3 g/l. Water quality deteriorates with depth, and more than 35 g/l water is present in some rock units. Few wells have penetrated these rocks beneath the alluvial deposits in the central part of the basin, where well yields and water quality are generally unknown.
\nThe most widely developed aquifer in the basin is the alluvial fill of Tertiary to Holocene age which exceeds 6,000 feet in thickness in the southern part of the basin. Well yields of as much as 1,400 gallons per minute have been measured. Fresh water lenses occur in the alluvial fill adjacent to the mountains on the east and west sides of the southern part of the basin. The water below the fresh-water lenses in the alluvial fill increases in salinity with depth. Salinity also increases toward the center of the basin.
\nThe altitude of isosaline surfaces and thickness of the saline-water zones are shown on maps of the entire basin and of the following detailed areas within the basin: Alamogordo, Tularosa, Carrizozo, and the western margin of the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"McLean, J.S., 1970, Saline ground-water resources of the Tularosa Basin, New Mexico: Research and Development Progress Report 561, ix, 128 p.","productDescription":"ix, 128 p.","numberOfPages":"162","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":298745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70139928.jpg"},{"id":316473,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70139928/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.787109375,\n 32.00341778396365\n ],\n [\n -106.787109375,\n 34.14363482031264\n ],\n [\n -106.19384765625,\n 34.14363482031264\n ],\n [\n -106.19384765625,\n 32.00341778396365\n ],\n [\n -106.787109375,\n 32.00341778396365\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf335e4b02e76d759cdfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLean, J. S.","contributorId":116657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226464,"text":"70226464 - 1970 - Aspects of oil and gas operations on federal and Indian lands of interest to engineers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-18T15:20:47.13393","indexId":"70226464","displayToPublicDate":"1970-06-08T08:58:43","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Aspects of oil and gas operations on federal and Indian lands of interest to engineers","docAbstract":"It is always enjoyable to attend any meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. I am happy to have this opportunity to speak to you because I believe that petroleum engineers can benefit from a better understanding of the Mineral Leasing Act and the regulations that implement the act insofar as these affect or influence your work. The regulations that implement the leasing act are commonly known as the Oil and Gas Operating Regulations. These regulations are officially described as Part 221 of Title 30 of the Code of Federal Regulations. They are printed in a small green booklet which most printed in a small green booklet which most of you have probably seen at one time or other. The requirements of the operating regulations, as specifically set forth in the booklet, or as determined by policy judgments in our various offices, can affect some aspects of your work.
I think it would be appropriate first to discuss the two types of lands, Federal lands and Indian lands, which are subject to the Oil and Gas Operating Regulations. Federal lands generally are classified in two categories, acquired land and public domain lands. Acquired lands are lands to which the Federal Government obtained title by purchase, exchange, condemnation, or private gift. These lands are scattered private gift. These lands are scattered throughout the United States and total about 54 million acres, or about 7.5 percent of the area classified as public percent of the area classified as public lands.
The public domain lands are lands to which the United States has held title since their original acquisition. There are public lands in 30 states, but the large bulk of the lands are located in Alaska and the Western States. You may recall from your history courses some of the purchases and treaties by which the United States obtained most of the lands now described as public domain lands. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 included among the Western States most of Montana, eastern and central Wyoming, northeast Colorado, and the northern part of Texas. This treaty also included a large part of the area now generally referred to as The \"Midwest\". The annexation of Texas occurred in 1845 and it is somewhat surprising to realize that this included, among other lands, a strip of land through western Colorado and a rectangular shaped piece of land in Wyoming, south of Rawlins piece of land in Wyoming, south of Rawlins The acquisition of the Oregon Territory in 1846 brought into the Union parts of western Wyoming and Montana as well as what is now Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SPE Rocky Mountain regional meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SPE Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting","conferenceDate":"June 8-9, 1970","conferenceLocation":"Casper, WY","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.","doi":"10.2118/2899-MS","usgsCitation":"Curtis, C.J., 1970, Aspects of oil and gas operations on federal and Indian lands of interest to engineers, in SPE Rocky Mountain regional meeting, Casper, WY, June 8-9, 1970, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.2118/2899-MS.","productDescription":"SPE-2899-MS, 8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -106.76513671875,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -106.76513671875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -102.01904296874999,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -102.01904296874999,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -107.95166015624999,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -107.99560546875,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -108.83056640625,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -109.51171875,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -108.03955078125,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -108.06152343749999,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -108.34716796875,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -106.28173828125,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -106.2158203125,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -104.96337890625,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 42.53689200787315\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 42.56926437219384\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -98.63525390624999,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -97.84423828125,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -97.31689453125,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 43.052833917627936\n ],\n [\n -96.43798828125,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 45.93587062119052\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 46.86019101567027\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 48.66194284607006\n ],\n [\n -97.18505859374999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -116.76269531249999,\n 45.66012730272194\n ],\n [\n -117.42187500000001,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -117.00439453125,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -117.13623046874999,\n 43.88205730390537\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 42.06560675405716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1970-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Charles J.","contributorId":269397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curtis","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226541,"text":"70226541 - 1970 - Geophysical studies of the Cripple Creek mining district, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-23T15:03:17.217595","indexId":"70226541","displayToPublicDate":"1970-06-01T08:56:13","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical studies of the Cripple Creek mining district, Colorado","docAbstract":"Integrated geophysical, geochemical, and geological interpretations expand the knowledge about the localization of the ore deposits in the Cripple Creek district, Colorado. The principal gold deposits occur in a Tertiary volcanic subsidence basin within Precambrian granite, gneiss, and schist. The basin is filled with volcanic breccia and is intruded by dikes and irregular masses of phonolite, latite-phonolite, syenite, trachydolerite, and basalt. The volcanic complex gives rise to a broad 10 mgal gravity minimum anomaly upon which are superimposed local minima believed to be related to deep mineralized fissure zones. A negative magnetic anomaly over the volcanic subsidence basin probably reflects the degree of alteration of rocks in the subsurface. Two local closed magnetic lows may represent highly altered volcanic centers in the bottom of the basin. The gravity and magnetic anomalies of the basin correlate geographically with positive geochemical anomalies for gold, silver, and tellurium. Just east of the volcanic basin, a prominent negative magnetic anomaly and a corresponding gravity low may represent an altered zone in the granite subsurface.
The northern part of the disturbed belt in Montana is a northwesterly trending zone of closely spaced westerly dipping thrust faults, many folds, and some longitudinal normal faults and transverse faults. The theory of vertical uplift that results in gravitational gliding is a reasonable explanation of the origin of the disturbed belt of northwestern Montana.
The outcropping sedimentary rocks range in age from Precambrian (Belt Supergroup) to Tertiary. All Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic stratigraphic rock units thin markedly to the east. Westernmost Montana was a slowly subsiding geosynclme during Precambrian (Belt) sedimentation and a miogeosyncline during much of Paleozoic sedimentation. The miogeosynclinal area was uplifted into a highland during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, and sediment from the highland was deposited in a basin to the east. Periodic uplift and erosion continued through Cretaceous and very early Tertiary. I believe that a décollement was established, in the easterly tilted sediments, and the mass moved eastward under the influence of gravity across the small Mesozoic basin. The décollement migrated upsection to the east. East of the slide mass the rocks were folded, marking the east edge of the northern part of the disturbed belt in Montana. This edge was probably controlled by the erosional edge of the Precambrian (Belt) rocks and the west side of the craton. Additional uplift continued to produce sliding that piled one fault block upon another. The minimum amount of shortening of this upper part of the crust by thrust faulting and folding computed along one line of section is more than 29 miles. The amount of uplift to the west very likely exceeded 45,000 ft during the period from very Late Cretaceous to late Eocene. The main décollement was under an overburden of as much as 25,000 ft of strata—a thickness that would probably permit abnormal fluid pressures to develop in mudstone. The slope of the strata and glide surface by the end of uplift may have been as much as 8.5°.
Large Basin-and-Range-type normal faults developed, after thrusting, between the area of maximum uplift and the thrust fault belt. The westernmost of these faults formed the graben and horsts in the Rocky Mountain trench. The total amount of displacement of the normal faults along one line of section is about 43,000 ft. The total thickness of strata eroded from the area of maximum uplift is about 45,000 ft.
The theory of vertical uplift and gravitational sliding may also be applicable to the disturbed belt in Alberta and British Columbia. The disturbed belt, Rocky Mountain trench, and areas of uplift are continuous from northwestern Montana to northern British Columbia. Much of the geologic history of western Alberta and eastern British Columbia is like that of northwestern Montana.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[377:OOTDBI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mudge, M., 1970, Origin of the disturbed belt in northwestern Montana, v. 81, no. 2, p. 377-392, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[377:OOTDBI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"392","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.103515625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -116.12548828124999,\n 47.945786463687185\n ],\n [\n -115.68603515624999,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -115.90576171874999,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -114.67529296874999,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -114.3896484375,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -111.37939453125,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -113.35693359375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -116.103515625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"2","tableOfContents":"https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[377:OOTDBI]2.0.CO;2
","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mudge, Melville R.","contributorId":72370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudge","given":"Melville R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226767,"text":"70226767 - 1970 - Variations of major chemical constituents across the central Sierra Nevada batholith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T14:42:25.323858","indexId":"70226767","displayToPublicDate":"1970-02-01T08:34:40","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations of major chemical constituents across the central Sierra Nevada batholith","docAbstract":"A study of 193 chemical analyses of plutonic rocks from 132 localities in the central Sierra Nevada shows convincingly that K2O decreases systematically westward and suggests that Fe2O3 and TiO2 may also decrease westward and that FeO, MgO, and CaO may increase. The ratio K2O/SiO2 obviously decreases westward across six of eight provisionally established sequences of granitic rocks. Plots of analyses of rocks from each sequence form discrete fields that are strongly elongate toward zero K2O at 40 to 45 percent SiO2. The boundaries between fields on these plots and between fields on plots of normative minerals on triangular diagrams are sharp. Compositional trends within sequences are different than the compositional changes that take place across the batholith—rocks in the western Sierra Nevada probably are not compositionally identical with rocks that are present at depth beneath the eastern Sierra Nevada.
Progressive decrease of K2O in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic country rocks westward across the batholith is consistent with the anatectic model for its origin. However, it also is consistent with the hypothesis developed to explain chemical patterns in volcanic island arcs—that K2O increases toward continental land masses because of increasing depth of magma generation along landward-dipping seismic (Benioff) zones. The seismic-zone hypothesis encounters several difficulties, but it cannot be ruled out.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[409:VOMCCA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bateman, P.C., and Dodge, F.C., 1970, Variations of major chemical constituents across the central Sierra Nevada batholith: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 2, p. 409-420, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[409:VOMCCA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 36.677230602346214\n ],\n [\n -117.674560546875,\n 36.677230602346214\n ],\n [\n -117.674560546875,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 36.677230602346214\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, P. C.","contributorId":27851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodge, F. C. W.","contributorId":18755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168632,"text":"70168632 - 1970 - Geology and ground-water resources of Linn County, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-22T17:06:26.745895","indexId":"70168632","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"10","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Linn County, Iowa","docAbstract":"Linn County, in east-central Iowa, covers about 713 square miles and lies in the Western Young Drift section of the Central Lowlands physiographic province. The normal annual rainfall in the county is about 88 inches and the annual mean temperature is about 48°F. The population in 1960 was 136,899, of which 75 percent was urban.
Ground water is a vital natural resource in Linn County-all municipal, farm-domestic, livestock, and most industrial supplies are obtained from this source. An estimated 24 mgd (million gallons per day) of ground water was used in the county in 1964.
The principal aquifers are alluvium, buried channel deposits, Silurian-Devonian limestones and dolomites, and the Jordan Sandstone. All yield fair-to-good quality water, although the water is hard and locally contains high concentrations of iron. All are capable of yielding as much as 500 gallons or more per minute to wells.
Alluvium has been developed for water supplies only at Cedar Rapids, where withdrawals in 1964 averaged 12 mgd for municipal supplies and 2.7 mgd for industrial supplies. The alluvial aquifer yields up to 2,000 gpm (gallons per minute) to wells in the Cedar Rapids well field. Similar yields from alluvium may be available along several reaches of the Cedar and Wapsipinicon Rivers. Smaller quantities are available from the alluvium of Prairie Creek. Alluvial aquifers are readily recharged by precipitation and induced infiltration.
Buried channel deposits occur in preglacial or interglacial valleys that were carved into the bedrock. These old valleys, whose trends roughly parallel the present Cedar River and Prairie Creek, contain water-bearing alluvial deposits that are covered by glacial drift. Data from a few wells tapping these deposits indicate that yields of up to 500 gpm of good-quality water are available from this source. The most favorable areas for development of water supplies are those areas where the channel deposits underlie and receive recharge from the alluvium of the Cedar River and Prairie Creek.
The Silurian-Devonian aquifer's county-wide occurrence, near-surface position, and ability to yield as much as several hundred gallons per minute of good-quality water makes it the most widely used aquifer in Linn County. During 1960-64, withdrawals averaged about 1.5 mgd for domestic-livestock use, about 0.6 mgd for small community use, and about 4 mgd for industrial-commercial use. Withdrawals are concentrated in the Cedar Rapids area, where 65 percent of the withdrawals from the aquifer occur. This concentrated pumpage has caused a progressive lowering of the aquifer's piezometric surface in downtown Cedar Rapids. During the past 70 years, water levels in wells in this locality have declined about 105 feet in the center of the cone of depression and about 26 feet about one mile from the cone's center. Water level in the center of the cone presently is declining at an average rate of 1 foot per year. Because the rate of decline in the same area was determined to have been 2 to 3 feet per year during the 1940's and 50's, the cone is believed to be stabilizing or pumpage is being reduced. The aquifer probably could withstand an additional 150 to 200 feet of piezometric lowering in the Cedar Rapids area, but individual wells would be adversely affected.
The Jordan aquifer, which underlies the entire county, is considered to be the most isotropic and homogeneous aquifer in Linn County. Yields of 1,000 gpm or more of fair-to-good quality water from this source are believed to be available anywhere in the county. The aquifer is not yet developed extensively; an average of about 2.4 mgd was pumped during 1964 for industrial and municipal use in the Cedar Rapids-Marion area.
The shallow bedrock and glacial drift aquifers yield only small quantities of good quality water. Their widespread extent and shallow depth, however, make them suitable for the development of small supplies for domestic and livestock use.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","usgsCitation":"Hansen, R.E., 1970, Geology and ground-water resources of Linn County, Iowa: Water Supply Bulletin 10, 66 p.","productDescription":"66 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70168632.JPG"},{"id":318267,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.iihr.uiowa.edu/igs/publications/uploads/WSB-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Linn","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.3649,42.2964],[-91.3651,42.2082],[-91.3653,42.1215],[-91.3661,42.0343],[-91.3669,41.948],[-91.3677,41.8603],[-91.4836,41.8608],[-91.5989,41.8612],[-91.716,41.862],[-91.8318,41.8617],[-91.8329,41.9485],[-91.8338,42.0366],[-91.8342,42.1242],[-91.8328,42.2087],[-91.8319,42.2987],[-91.7153,42.2971],[-91.5969,42.2959],[-91.4809,42.296],[-91.3649,42.2964]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Linn\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cc3fdce4b059daa47e45ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Robert E.","contributorId":167112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226515,"text":"70226515 - 1970 - Tertiary tectonics of the White Pine-Grant Range region, east-central Nevada, and some regional implications: Discussion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-22T18:46:38.983742","indexId":"70226515","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T12:29:54","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tertiary tectonics of the White Pine-Grant Range region, east-central Nevada, and some regional implications: Discussion","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[319:TTOTWP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Drewes, H., 1970, Tertiary tectonics of the White Pine-Grant Range region, east-central Nevada, and some regional implications: Discussion: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 1, p. 319-321, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[319:TTOTWP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"321","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"White Pine-Grant Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.60638427734375,\n 38.807610542357594\n ],\n [\n -115.19027709960936,\n 38.807610542357594\n ],\n [\n -115.19027709960936,\n 39.299236474818194\n ],\n [\n -115.60638427734375,\n 39.299236474818194\n ],\n [\n -115.60638427734375,\n 38.807610542357594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drewes, Harald","contributorId":52567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewes","given":"Harald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043189,"text":"70043189 - 1970 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12478,"text":"ofr6912 - 1970 - Availability of petrographic thin-sections of the Lisburne Group from northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska","indexId":"ofr6912","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Availability of petrographic thin-sections of the Lisburne Group from northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043189,"text":"70043189 - 1970 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska","indexId":"70043189","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":12479,"text":"ofr6914 - 1969 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, central and eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska","indexId":"ofr6914","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, central and eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043189,"text":"70043189 - 1970 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska","indexId":"70043189","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T17:51:44.79545","indexId":"70043189","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"The Lisburne Group carbonate rocks of the central and eastern Brooks Range contain foraminiferal assemblages assigned to zones of late Tournaisian (Osage) to early Moscovian (Atoka) age. Representatives of both Eurasiatic and American cratonic microfaunas permit correlation with the original Carboniferous type sections in western Europe as well as with the standard Mississippian and Pennsylvanian sequences in the Mid-Continent region of North America. Correlation anomalies in the lower part of the sequence are discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/5D25CA2F-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, A.K., Mamet, B.L., and Dutro, J.T., 1970, Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 54, no. 5, p. 687-698, https://doi.org/10.1306/5D25CA2F-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"698","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.4103906372097,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -153.4103906372097,\n 67.54650489763466\n ],\n [\n -142.48531896350084,\n 67.54650489763466\n ],\n [\n -142.48531896350084,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -153.4103906372097,\n 70\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5114db04e4b0ca7af0743b22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Augustus K.","contributorId":68282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Augustus","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mamet, Bernard L.","contributorId":32524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mamet","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutro, J. Thomas","contributorId":54204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139638,"text":"70139638 - 1970 - Taunton River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T09:55:14","indexId":"70139638","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":367,"text":"Massachusetts Hydrologic - Data Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"12","title":"Taunton River basin","docAbstract":"The Taunton River, emptying into an arm of Narragansett Bay at Fall River, drains 528 square miles of interior southeastern Massachusetts. The Taunton River basin is separated from the basins of short streams draining to the coast by low divides on the east, south, and southwest. On the west and north, the basin is bordered by the Ten Mile, Charles, Neponset, and Weymouth River basins. Principal tributaries of the lower Taunton River are Segreganset, Threemile, Mill, Assonet, Nemasket, and Winnetuxet Rivers. The upper part of the basin is drained by the Canoe, Wading, and Rumford Rivers which empty into Mill and Threemile Rivers and by the Matfield and Town Rivers which unite to form the Taunton River.
\nThis report presents in tabular form selected records of wells, test wells, and borings collected during a study of the basin from 1966 to 1968 in cooperation with the Massachusetts Water Resources Commission, and during earlier studies. This report is released in order to make available to the public and to local, state, and federal agencies basic ground-water information that may aid in planning water-resources development. Basic records contained in this report will complement an interpretative report on the Taunton River basin to be released at a later date.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.3133/70139638","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Water Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.R., and Willey, R.E., 1970, Taunton River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Massachusetts Hydrologic - Data Report 12, Report: 102 p.; 2 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/70139638.","productDescription":"Report: 102 p.; 2 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Taunton River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.39465332031249,\n 41.65034063112266\n ],\n [\n -71.39465332031249,\n 42.132858175814626\n ],\n [\n -70.78216552734375,\n 42.132858175814626\n ],\n [\n -70.78216552734375,\n 41.65034063112266\n ],\n [\n -71.39465332031249,\n 41.65034063112266\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c67e4b08de9379b379f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John R.","contributorId":107260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willey, Richard E.","contributorId":30972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231277,"text":"70231277 - 1969 - Structural control of wind gaps and water gaps and of stream capture in the Stroudsburg area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T16:46:28.079197","indexId":"70231277","displayToPublicDate":"2022-05-04T11:43:21","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Structural control of wind gaps and water gaps and of stream capture in the Stroudsburg area","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of selected areas in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania and guidebook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J.B., 1969, Structural control of wind gaps and water gaps and of stream capture in the Stroudsburg area, in Geology of selected areas in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania and guidebook, p. 206-213.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"213","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","city":"Stroudsburg","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.23849487304686,\n 40.914550362677204\n ],\n [\n -75.06546020507812,\n 40.914550362677204\n ],\n [\n -75.06546020507812,\n 41.03896645352545\n ],\n [\n -75.23849487304686,\n 41.03896645352545\n ],\n [\n -75.23849487304686,\n 40.914550362677204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13004,"text":"ofr1305MP - 1969 - Petroleum potential of the Kandik basin, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-14T13:51:28","indexId":"ofr1305MP","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T10:21:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1305 MP","title":"Petroleum potential of the Kandik basin, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr1305MP","usgsCitation":"Churkin, M., and Brabb, E.E., 1969, Petroleum potential of the Kandik basin, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 1305 MP, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr1305MP.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -142.52,65.37 ], [ -142.52,65.84 ], [ -141.0,65.84 ], [ -141.0,65.37 ], [ -142.52,65.37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffc827e4b0824b2d17454c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Churkin, Michael","contributorId":66677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churkin","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":48939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038241,"text":"70038241 - 1969 - Hydrogeologic data for the southwestern coastal river basins, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-09T07:59:18","indexId":"70038241","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-22T14:06:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":108,"text":"Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"18","title":"Hydrogeologic data for the southwestern coastal river basins, Connecticut","docAbstract":"This report presents hydrologic and geologic data collected by the U.S.\nGeological Survey during an investigation of water resources in the southwestern\ncoastal river basins of Connecticut in cooperation with the Connecticut Water\nResources Commission. These basins occupy about 394 square miles in Connecticut\nand 46 square miles in New York, including the towns of Greenwich, Stamford,\nDarien, New Canaan, Norwalk, Wilton, Westport, Weston, Fairfield, Easton, and\nBridgeport and parts of Danbury, Ridgefield, Redding, Bethel, Newtown, Trumbull,\nMonroe, Shelton, and Stratford. A companion interpretive report evaluating the\nwater resources of the basins will be published as Connecticut Water Resources\nBulletin No. 17. The data on the following pages serve to document and supplement\nthat report and should be especially useful in planning the development of water\nresources at specific localities.\nData were collected as part of this investigation during the period July 1963\nthrough November 1966. Streamflow records from continuous-record gaging stations\nin the basins have been published annually along with data from other parts of\nthe State in a series of U.S. Geological Survey reports entitled \"Surface Water\nRecords of Connecticut.\" Water-level measurements in wells throughout the State\nfrom 1960 through 1966, including most of those made as part of this investigation,\nare published in Connecticut Water Resources Bulletins No. 7 and No. 13. Most\nother data collected during this investigation are tabulated on the following pages.\nIncluded are some well records and chemical analyses of water samples collected\nprior to July 1963 and not previously published.\nThe locations of sites at which data were collected are shown on plate A\nin the pocket at the back of the report. Data presented, unless otherwise noted,\nwere collected by U.S. Geological Survey personnel.","language":"English","publisher":"Connecticut Water Resources Commission","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Water Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Thomas, M.P., Ryder, R.B., and Thomas, C.E., 1969, Hydrogeologic data for the southwestern coastal river basins, Connecticut: Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin 18, Report: 45 p.; 1 Plate: 23.67 x 22.80 inches.","productDescription":"Report: 45 p.; 1 Plate: 23.67 x 22.80 inches","numberOfPages":"49","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258803,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0018/plate-a.pdf","size":"3986","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0018/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":287014,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038241/report.pdf"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Coastal River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.75,40.933333 ], [ -73.75,41.383333 ], [ -73.116667,41.383333 ], [ -73.116667,40.933333 ], [ -73.75,40.933333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a33b8e4b0c8380cd5f1ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Mendall P.","contributorId":104314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Mendall","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Robert B. rryder@usgs.gov","contributorId":68294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert","email":"rryder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Chester E. Jr.","contributorId":37182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Chester","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70001751,"text":"70001751 - 1969 - Primitive and contaminated basalts from the Southern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:39:58.795047","indexId":"70001751","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Primitive and contaminated basalts from the Southern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Basalts in the Southern Rocky Mountains province have been analyzed to determine if any of them are primitive. Alkali plagioclase xenocrysts armored with calcic plagioclase seem to be the best petrographic indicator of contamination. The next best indicator of contamination is quartz xenocrysts armored with clinopyroxene. On the rocks and the region studied, K2O apparently is the only major element with promise of separating primitive basalt from contaminated basalt inasmuch as it constitutes more than 1 % in all the obviously contaminated basalts. K2O: lead (> 4 ppm) and thorium (> 2 ppm) contents and Rb/Sr (> 0.035) are the most indicative of the trace elements studied. Using these criteria, three basalt samples are primitive (although one contains 1.7% K2O) and are similar in traceelement contents to Hawaiian and Eastern Honshu, Japan, primitive basalts.
Contamination causes lead isotope ratios, 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb, to become less radiogenic, but it has little or no effect on 87Sr/86Sr. We interpret the effect on lead isotopes to be due to assimilation either of lower crustal granitic rocks, which contain 5–10 times as much lead as basalt and which have been low in U/Pb and Th/Pb since Precambrian times, or of upper crustal Precambrian or Paleozoic rocks, which have lost much of their radiogenic lead because of heating prior to assimilation. The lack of definite effects on strontium isotopes may be due to the lesser strontium contents of granitic crustal rocks relative to basaltic rocks coupled with lack of a large radiogenic enrichment in the crustal rocks.
Lead isotope ratios were found to be less radiogenic in plagioclase separates from an obviously contaminated basalt than in the primitive basalts. The feldspar separate that is rich in sodic plagioclase xenocrysts was found to be similar to the whole-rock composition for 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb whereas a more dense fraction probably enriched in more calcic plagioclase phenocrysts is more similar to the primitive basalts in lead isotope ratios.
The primitive basalts have: 206Pb/204Pb ∼ 18.09–18.34, 207Pb/204Pb ∼ 15.5, 208Pb/204Pb ∼ 37.6–37.9, 87Sr/86Sr ∼ 0.704–0.705. In the primitive basalts from the Southern Rocky Mountains the values of 206Pb/204Pb are similar to values reported by others for Hawaiian and eastern Honshu basalts and abyssal basalts, whereas 208Pb/204Pb tends to be equal to or a little less radiogenic than those from the oceanic localities. 87Sr/86Sr appears to be equal to or a little greater than those of the oceanic localities. These 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios are distinctly less radiogenic and 87Sr/86Sr values are about equal to those reported by others for volcanic islands on oceanic ridges and rises.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00403342","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., Lipman, P.W., Hedge, C., and Kurasawa, H., 1969, Primitive and contaminated basalts from the Southern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 142-156, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00403342.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"156","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Southern Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 36.94111143010769\n ],\n [\n -104.359130859375,\n 36.94111143010769\n ],\n [\n -104.359130859375,\n 40.93841495689795\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 40.93841495689795\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 36.94111143010769\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67be3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, B. R.","contributorId":52173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedge, C. E.","contributorId":73611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurasawa, H.","contributorId":41565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurasawa","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":6309,"text":"pp542G - 1969 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6309,"text":"pp542G - 1969 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities","indexId":"pp542G","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-28T19:46:13.571561","indexId":"pp542G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"542","chapter":"G","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities","docAbstract":"The 1964 earthquake caused wide-spread damage to inhabited places throughout more than 60,000 square miles of south-central Alaska. This report describes damage to all communities in the area except Anchorage, Whittier, Homer, Valdez, Seward, the communities of the Kodiak group of islands, and communities in the Copper River Basin; these were discussed in previous chapters of the Geological Survey's series of reports on the earthquake. At the communities discussed herein, damage resulted primarily from sea waves of diverse origins, displacements of the land relative to sea level, and seismic shaking. Waves took all of the 31 lives lost at those communities; physical damage was primarily from the waves and vertical displacements of the land relative to sea level.
\n\nDestructive waves of local origin struck during or immediately after the earthquake throughout much of Prince William Sound, the southern Kenai Peninsula, and the shores of Kenai Lake. In Prince William Sound, waves demolished all but one home at the native village of Chenega, destroyed homesites at Point Nowell and Anderson Bay, and caused varying amounts of damage to waterfront facilities at Sawmill Bay, Latouche, Port Oceanic, Port Nellie Juan, Perry Island, and western Port Valdez. The local waves, which ran up as high as 70 feet above tide level at Chenega and more than 170 feet in several uninhabited parts of the Sound, took nearly all of the lives lost by drowning at these communities. Destructive local waves that devastated shores of Anderson Bay and adjacent parts of western Port Valdez probably were generated primarily by massive submarine slides of glacial and fluvioglacial deposits ; the origin of the waves that caused damage at most of the other communities and at extensive uninhabited segments of shoreline is not known. At these places the most probable generative mechanisms are: unidentified submarine slides of unconsolidated deposits, and (or) the horizontal tectonic displacements, of 20 to more than 60 feet, that occurred in the Prince William Sound region during the earthquake.
\n\nA train of long-period seismic sea waves that began about 20 minutes after the start of the earthquake inundated shores along the Gulf of Alaska coast to a maximum height of 35 feet above tide level. At the communities described, they virtually destroyed two logging camps at Whidbey Bay and Puget Bay on the south coast of the Kenai Peninsula, caused moderate damage to boat harbors and docks at Seldovia and Cordova, floated away some beach cabins in the Cordova area, and drowned two people, one at Point Whitshed near Cordora and one at the Cape Saint Elias Light Station. The seismic sea waves were generated by regional tectonic uplift of the sea floor on the Continental Shelf.
\n\nVertical tectonic displacements of the land relative to sea level that accompanied the earthquake affected virtually all the coastal communities. Tectonic subsidence of 5 to 6 feet, augmented locally by surficial subsidence of unconsolidated deposits required either the relocation or raising of structures at Portage, Girdwood, and Hope on Turnagain Arm. Shoreline submergence resulting from about 3½ feet of tectonic subsidence at Seldovia necessitated raising all waterfront facilities and the airstrip above the level of high tides. On the other hand, tectonic uplift of the land in the Prince Williams Sound region required deepening of the small-boat harbors at Cordora and Tatitlek, dredging of the waterways in the Cordova area, and lengthening of some docks or piers at Cordova, the Cape Hinchinbrook Light Station, and in Sawmill Bay.
\n\nSignificant structural damage from direct seismic shaking was largely confined to fluid containers and a pier facility near Kenai. Indirect damage from fissuring and differential settling of foundation mterials in the vicinity of the Cordova airfield mused damage to a building, underground utilities, an airfield fill, and the highway. Minor amounts of direct and indirect damage from seismic vibrations were sustained by most of the communities situated on unconsolidated deposits as far east as Yakutat, north to Fairbanks, and west to King Salmon. Except for a few cracked or toppled chimney, all the damage from shaking was confined to areas of thick, unconsolidated deposits. Foundation damage was almost entirely restricted to water-saturated unconsolidated deposits which, when liquefied by seismic shaking, could spread laterally toward free faces and (or) settle differentially through compaction.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities (Professional Paper 542)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/pp542G","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., Kachadoorian, R., Eckel, E.B., and Mayo, L.R., 1969, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542, Report: vi, 50 p.; 2 Plates: 47 x 35 inches and 41.96 x 37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp542G.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 50 p.; 2 Plates: 47 x 35 inches and 41.96 x 37 inches","numberOfPages":"61","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. Office-Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399843,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4589.htm"},{"id":33598,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542g/pp542g_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33597,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542g/pp542g_plate2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33596,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542g/pp542g_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":104505,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542g/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4589"}],"scale":"2500000","datum":"Mean Sea Level","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 66.5\n ],\n [\n -168,\n 66.5\n ],\n [\n -168,\n 52\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c82f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kachadoorian, Reuben","contributorId":24336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kachadoorian","given":"Reuben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eckel, Edwin B.","contributorId":26680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckel","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayo, Lawrence R.","contributorId":98344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2040,"text":"wsp1798F - 1969 - Sedimentation in upper Stony Creek basin, eastern flank of the Coast Ranges of northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T19:46:43.776282","indexId":"wsp1798F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1798","chapter":"F","title":"Sedimentation in upper Stony Creek basin, eastern flank of the Coast Ranges of northern California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentation in small drainage basins","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1798F","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.M., and Dunnam, C., 1969, Sedimentation in upper Stony Creek basin, eastern flank of the Coast Ranges of northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1798, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1798F.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388910,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24989.htm"},{"id":137707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27530,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3330,\n 39.7170\n ],\n [\n -122.8330,\n 39.7170\n ],\n [\n -122.8330,\n 39.2500\n ],\n [\n -122.3330,\n 39.2500\n ],\n [\n -122.3330,\n 39.7170\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66055b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, J. M.","contributorId":77909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunnam, C.A.","contributorId":56200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunnam","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17964,"text":"ofr699 - 1969 - Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17964,"text":"ofr699 - 1969 - Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska","indexId":"ofr699","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39568,"text":"pp700D - 1970 - Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D","indexId":"pp700D","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39568,"text":"pp700D - 1970 - Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D","indexId":"pp700D","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T19:39:16.691625","indexId":"ofr699","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-9","title":"Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska","docAbstract":"An aeromagnetic map covering 480 square miles was compiled for the Nixon Fork district, which is located approximately 35 miles northeast of McGrath, Alaska. The survey was flown in search of concealed intrusive rocks which may have produced contact metamorphic deposits in limestone similar to the known lode deposits which have been the principal source of gold in the district.
The exposed quartz monzonite stocks with which the lode deposits are associated produce negative magnetic anomalies. Slight to moderately strong positive anomalies correlate with granitic intrusives in contact with Upper Cretaceous rocks in the Iditarod-Nixon Fork fault zone. No significant mineral deposits have been found in conjunction with these granitic bodies.
Positive anomalies, delineating buried intrusives, occur near the east and west boundaries of the mapped area. The nature of the westernmost intrusive is unknown.
An area of possible economic interest lies between Limestone Mountain and Whirlwind-Canyon Creeks in the eastern sector of the mapped area. An elliptical positive anomaly is superimposed on an elongate, slightly negative anomaly. This negative anomaly may represent an intrusive similar to the quartz monzonite with which the lode deposits are affiliated. The positive anomaly may be a near-vertical mafic dike intruded to within 50 feet of the surface of a limestone ridge. Limestone in the vicinity of the dike may be a favorable area for prospecting for lode deposits similar to the known gold-producing deposits of the district.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr699","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L.A., Reed, B.L., and Johnson, G.R., 1969, Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-9, Report: ii, 6 p.; 1 Plate: 40.63 x 31.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr699.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 6 p.; 1 Plate: 40.63 x 31.55 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":424516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":424515,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nixon Fork district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.21098975436422,\n 64.39363688486736\n ],\n [\n -156.0545619009912,\n 64.39363688486736\n ],\n [\n -156.0545619009912,\n 64.40237470471484\n ],\n [\n -156.21098975436422,\n 64.40237470471484\n ],\n [\n -156.21098975436422,\n 64.39363688486736\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.14993847514128,\n 64.4117874414261\n ],\n [\n -158.14993847514128,\n 63.40759602117143\n ],\n [\n -150.94307945964977,\n 63.40759602117143\n ],\n [\n -150.94307945964977,\n 64.4117874414261\n ],\n [\n -158.14993847514128,\n 64.4117874414261\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c2e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Lennart A.","contributorId":106111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lennart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bruce L.","contributorId":19928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Gordon R.","contributorId":90725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38852,"text":"pp521A - 1969 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13966,"text":"ofr51113 - 1951 - Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah","indexId":"ofr51113","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38852,"text":"pp521A - 1969 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","indexId":"pp521A","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":46063,"text":"ofr6158 - 1961 - Maps of Navajo Indian Reservation and vicinity, Arizona","indexId":"ofr6158","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Maps of Navajo Indian Reservation and vicinity, Arizona"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38852,"text":"pp521A - 1969 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","indexId":"pp521A","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":52095,"text":"ofr6063 - 1960 - Well records and table of chemical analysis for report \"The geology and ground-water resources of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah\"","indexId":"ofr6063","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Well records and table of chemical analysis for report \"The geology and ground-water resources of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah\""},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38852,"text":"pp521A - 1969 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","indexId":"pp521A","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":52394,"text":"ofr6441 - 1964 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","indexId":"ofr6441","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38852,"text":"pp521A - 1969 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","indexId":"pp521A","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T21:21:51.246685","indexId":"pp521A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"521","chapter":"A","title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","docAbstract":"The Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations have an area of about 25,000 square miles and are in the south-central part of the Colorado Plateaus physiographic province. The reservations are underlain by sedimentary rocks that range in age from Cambrian to Tertiary, but Permian and younger rocks are exposed in about 95 percent of the area. Igneous and metamorphic basement rocks of Precambrian age underlie the sedimentary rocks at depths ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 feet. Much of the area is mantled by thin alluvial, eolian, and terrace deposits, which mainly are 10 to 50 feet thick.
The Navajo country was a part of the eastern shelf area of the Cordilleran geosyncline during Paleozoic and Early Triassic time and part of the southwestern shelf area of the Rocky Mountain geosyncline in Cretaceous time. The shelf areas were inundated frequently by seas that extended from the central parts of the geosynclines. As a result, complex intertonguing and rapid facies changes are prevalent in the sedimentary rocks and form some of the principal controls on the ground-water hydrology. Regional uplift beginning in Late Cretaceous time , destroyed. the Rocky Mountain geosyncline and formed the structural basius that influenced sedimentation and erosion throughout Cenozoic time.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp521A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Navajo Tribe","usgsCitation":"Cooley, M.E., Harshbarger, J.W., Akers, J.P., Hardt, W.F., and Hicks, O., 1969, Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 521, Report: vi, 61 p.; 12 Plates: 52.08 x 51.49 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp521A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 61 p.; 12 Plates: 52.08 x 51.49 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"72","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science 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E.","contributorId":89868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harshbarger, J. W.","contributorId":22309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harshbarger","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akers, J. P.","contributorId":82678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardt, W. F.","contributorId":12455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardt","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hicks, O.N.","contributorId":65159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"O.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":13007,"text":"ofr6939 - 1969 - The talc, soapstone, and asbestos deposits of Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T20:31:43.140339","indexId":"ofr6939","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-39","title":"The talc, soapstone, and asbestos deposits of Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Several talc and soapstone deposits were worked in Massachusetts from about 1810 to 1922. Most of these deposits are in the Chester Amphibolite, or in serpentine lenses in or adjacent to the amphibolite along a belt that extends north-south across the State from Rowe to West Granville; it appears to be a continuation of the Vermont talc belt. The only deposits outside of this belt that have been worked are a talc and soapstone deposit in the north-west corner of Hinsdale and soapstone deposits on the east side of Soapstone Hill in the western part of Petersham.\r\n\r\nVery little asbestos has been produced in Massachusetts. A small amount of anthophyllite asbestos was obtained from the deposit in Hinsdale, and from a deposit in southwestern Pelham.\r\n\r\nThe talc and soapstone deposits of Massachusetts were formed from serpentine and possibly from amphibolite, schist, and dolomitic limestone. Those fromed from serpentine are mainly at the ends of the serpentine bodies, and those that appear to have been formed from amphibolite or schist are on the faults and folds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6939","usgsCitation":"Chute, N.E., 1969, The talc, soapstone, and asbestos deposits of Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-39, Report: iv, 42 p.; 8 Plates: 13.88 x 23.44 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6939.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 42 p.; 8 Plates: 13.88 x 23.44 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":41470,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41469,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41468,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":493056,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8434.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":41471,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41472,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41473,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41467,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41466,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41465,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.174,\n 42.746\n ],\n [\n -73.174,\n 42.0610\n ],\n [\n -72.186,\n 42.0610\n ],\n [\n -72.186,\n 42.746\n ],\n [\n -73.174,\n 42.746\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a50e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chute, Newton Earl","contributorId":97119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chute","given":"Newton","email":"","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16614,"text":"ofr69323 - 1969 - Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16614,"text":"ofr69323 - 1969 - Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska","indexId":"ofr69323","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6514,"text":"pp997 - 1977 - Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region","indexId":"pp997","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":6514,"text":"pp997 - 1977 - Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region","indexId":"pp997","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T23:03:10.110922","indexId":"ofr69323","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-323","title":"Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Numerous collections of fossil plants from the Gulf of Alaska region were obtained from rocks that are well dated by marine mollusks. The mollusks indicate that the oldest possible age for the lowest plant assemblage is middle Eocene (Domengine) and that the youngest possible age for the highest Paleogene plant assemblage is middle Oligocene (Lincoln).
Paleobotanical correlations indicate that the lowest plant assemblage is of early late Eocene (early Ravenian) age and the highest plant assemblage is of early Oligocene (Kummerian) age. A new provincial stage--the Angoonian--is proposed, based on assemblages from rocks in southeastern Alaska. The Angoonian is thought to be of late Oligocene (early Blakeley) age. Only one stratigraphically isolated assemblage from the Gulf of Alaska region has been recognized as of Angoonian age. The biostratigraphy of the Gulf of Alaska region and of other regions in Alaska indicates that the Seldovian, Homerian, and Clamgulchian Stages are probably entirely of Neogene age.
The early Ravenian assemblages represent Paratropical Rain forest (that is, similar to vegetation of a narrow region bordering the Tropical Rain forest) based on the physiognomic analysis of foliage; the most diverse families represented are Menispermaceae and Icacinaceae. These are accompanied by palms, Anonaceae, tjristicaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Barringtoniaceae, and Myrtaceae. A minor element is represented by broad-leaved deciduous plants. The middle Ravenian was somewhat cooler, as indicated by foliar physiognomy, the fewer Tropical Rain forest elements, and the diversity of Lauraceae. The late Ravenian assemblage represents a broad-leaved deciduous forest indicating a temperate climate. The Kummerian assemblages were again dominated by Lauraceae, and the physiognomic characters of the foliage indicate that Subtropical forest was again represented.
The existence of a broad-leaved evergreen forest in Alaska such as that of the early Ravenian indicates that extended periods of darkness could probably not have existed at that time. The Alaskan Paleogene floras, as well as those from other regions, indicate that the earth's axis of rotation may not have had as great an inclination in the past. Strong climatic fluctuations evidenced by foliar physiognomy of Tertiary floras is thought to have been the result of changes in the inclination of the earth's axis.
The history of the development of the Arcto-Tertiary concept is reviewed, and the fundamental lack of evidence for this concept is shown. An alternative, more complex, concept is proposed for the development of the Mixed Mesophytic forest. Paleobotanical evidence indicates that tolerances of many genera have changed during the Tertiary. Many Mixed Mesophytic genera--particularly those that are today temperate outliers of basically tropical groups--may have had a wide distribution in the Paleogene Paratropical Rain and Subtropical forests and have entered the warm temperate forests only during the later Paleogene or Neogene. Some Mixed Mesophytic groups appear to be of later Neogene origin and have been significant members of the warm temperate forests since that time. Some Mixed Mesophytic genera apparently were members of the Paratropical Rain forest only in the earliest Paleogene and became adapted to warm temperate climates by the late Eocene or perhaps even earlier. The Mixed Mesophytic forest may have developed independently in Eurasia, western North America, and eastern North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69323","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, J.A., 1969, Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-323, ii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69323.","productDescription":"ii, 111 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423920,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0323/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0323/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.15250770661777,\n 56.82863558130717\n ],\n [\n -136.15250770661777,\n 60.5418529177804\n ],\n [\n -157.32762172640042,\n 60.5418529177804\n ],\n [\n -157.32762172640042,\n 56.82863558130717\n ],\n [\n -136.15250770661777,\n 56.82863558130717\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689ce0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, Jack A.","contributorId":102474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55890,"text":"ofr6929 - 1969 - Extent and frequency of inundation on the Perkiomen Creek flood plain from Green Lane Reservoir to the Schuylkill River (near Oaks, Pennsylvania)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T11:06:18","indexId":"ofr6929","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-29","title":"Extent and frequency of inundation on the Perkiomen Creek flood plain from Green Lane Reservoir to the Schuylkill River (near Oaks, Pennsylvania)","docAbstract":"This is the fourth report on the extent and frequency of inundation prepared for the Delaware River Basin Commission. The first of these reports covered floods on the Delaware River in the vicinity of Easton, Pennsylvania and Phillipsburg, New Jersey. The second covered a reach of the Schuylkill River from Conshohocken to Philadelphia. The third was for the Delaware River in the vicinity of Belvidere, New Jersey. The first and third reports were written by George M. Farlekas of the Trenton district, and the second was written by Arthur T. Alter of the Harrisburg district. Specific information as to the areal extent and contents of these studies can be obtained from the Delaware River Basin Commission, P.O. Box 360, Trenton, New Jersey.
This flood inundation study is part of an investigative program financed through a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Delaware River Basin Commission. The report was prepared under the direction of Norman H. Beamer, District, Chief, U.S. Geological Survey, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
The streamflow data for Perkiomen Creek at Graterford were collected by the Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters from 1914 to 1931. Since 1931 the data have been collected under a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Department of Forests and Waters. Data on high-water marks and areas inundated in past periods of flooding have been obtained from many local residents of Montgomery County. The Reading Company cooperated by allowing survey crews to work on their right-of-way. The author is grateful to Mr. John W. Buchanan for surveys, Mr. Lewis C. Shaw for illustrations and to Mrs. Joan C. King for typing.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6929","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Delaware River Basin Commission","usgsCitation":"Busch, W.F., 1969, Extent and frequency of inundation on the Perkiomen Creek flood plain from Green Lane Reservoir to the Schuylkill River (near Oaks, Pennsylvania): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-29, vii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6929.","productDescription":"vii, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343692,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0029/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Green Lane Reservoir, Perkiomen Creek flood plain, Schuylkill River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.48912048339844,\n 40.42917828232078\n ],\n [\n -75.50148010253906,\n 40.43440488077008\n ],\n [\n -75.53443908691405,\n 40.42708752919884\n ],\n [\n -75.55572509765625,\n 40.41611000901211\n ],\n [\n -75.56465148925781,\n 40.391011807973285\n ],\n [\n -75.55641174316406,\n 40.360672330668166\n ],\n [\n -75.52963256835938,\n 40.334506645085234\n ],\n [\n -75.50628662109375,\n 40.256996734279234\n ],\n [\n -75.49942016601562,\n 40.20300156544074\n ],\n [\n -75.49736022949219,\n 40.142139942215415\n ],\n [\n -75.4877471923828,\n 40.1095880747414\n ],\n [\n -75.46440124511717,\n 40.09803366543276\n ],\n [\n -75.43212890625,\n 40.108537754986166\n ],\n [\n -75.42045593261719,\n 40.150537893668925\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 40.18359473454382\n ],\n [\n -75.41976928710938,\n 40.22554847206815\n ],\n [\n -75.42388916015625,\n 40.280049508234804\n ],\n [\n -75.42800903320312,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -75.45204162597656,\n 40.37584377696013\n ],\n [\n -75.46989440917969,\n 40.406176423413704\n ],\n [\n -75.48912048339844,\n 40.42917828232078\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8ab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busch, William F.","contributorId":96959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12479,"text":"ofr6914 - 1969 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, central and eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12479,"text":"ofr6914 - 1969 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, central and eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska","indexId":"ofr6914","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, central and eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043189,"text":"70043189 - 1970 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska","indexId":"70043189","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70043189,"text":"70043189 - 1970 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska","indexId":"70043189","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T17:27:43.389365","indexId":"ofr6914","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-14","title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, central and eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"The Lisburne Group carbonates of the central and eastern Brooks Range contain foraminiferal assemblages assigned to zones of Osage [late Tournaisian], Early Mississippian, to Atoka [early Moscovian], Middle Pennsylvanian age. Representatives of both Eurasiatic and American cratonic microfaunas permit correlation with the original Carboniferous type sections in western Europe as well as with the standard Mississippian and Pennsylvanian sequences in the Midcontinent region of North America. Correlation anomalies in the lower part of the sequence are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6914","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, A.K., Mamet, B.L., and Dutro, J.T., 1969, Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, central and eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-14, Report: 26 p.; 1 Plate: 34.52 x 16.83 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6914.","productDescription":"Report: 26 p.; 1 Plate: 34.52 x 16.83 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":428849,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0014/figure-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":428848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146550,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0014/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.30102330360512,\n 70.38131123126254\n ],\n [\n -149.30102330360512,\n 67.93285144319395\n ],\n [\n -141.16907652007197,\n 67.93285144319395\n ],\n [\n -141.16907652007197,\n 70.38131123126254\n ],\n [\n -149.30102330360512,\n 70.38131123126254\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae53a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Augustus K.","contributorId":68282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Augustus","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mamet, Bernard L.","contributorId":32524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mamet","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutro, J. Thomas Jr.","contributorId":102878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}