Stratigraphic and geomorphic relations, archeological data, and eight radiocarbon ages at five widely scattered localities in northeastern Colorado indicate that eolian sand was mobilized over broad areas within the past 1000 yr. The mobilization began after 1 ka, was episodic, and ended at some as yet undetermined time prior to the latter part of the nineteenth century. Given that climate-model simulations suggest only slight variation in average surface temperature and annual precipitation in this region during the past 1000 yr, this part of the Great Plains evidently is near the threshold of widespread eolian sand transport under the present climate.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94519","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.F., 1994, Stream-channel changes in response to volcanic detritus under natural and augmented discharge, South Coldwater Creek, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-519, 137 p.; 3 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94519.","productDescription":"137 p.; 3 Plates","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a50d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017916,"text":"70017916 - 1994 - Effects of flow duration on local scour at bridge piers in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017916","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of flow duration on local scour at bridge piers in New York","docAbstract":"The relation of local scour to the duration of high flows and other hydraulic properties is being studied at 31 bridge sites in New York State. Clear-water scour is common at most of the sites, and local-scour holes that formed during prolonged high flows did not refill during flow recessions. The deepening of about 20 local-scour holes by subsequent high flows indicates that the length of time a flow exceeds a given discharge can affect local scour at a site. Many high flows of short duration did not cause scour. Hourly discharge data collected at nearby U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations were used to develop a hydrograph-based factor that incorporates the duration and magnitude of high flows and the shape of the hydrograph (runoff rate per hour). This factor improved statistically derived estimates of local-scour depth. Combining the hydrograph-based factor with a momentum factor that represents flow velocity, water depth, and bed-material size decreased the standard error of estimate from 60 to 55 percent and increased the coefficient of determination from 0.66 to 0.73. The streambed of the Cohocton River at State Route 333 in Steuben County was lowered 40-60 cm near a pier during a high flow that exceeded the mean-annual peak discharge (Q2) for 71 hours March 31-April 3, 1993. A similar high flow at this site March 30-31, 1993 exceeded the Q2 for 21 hours but produced no scour. The streambed of the Otselic River at State Route 333 in Cortland County was lowered 170 cm near the pier during a high flow that exceeded the Q2 for 27 hours April 10-11, 1993; 30 cm of this scour occurred during the flow recession.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1994 ASCE National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"1 August 1994 through 5 August 1994","conferenceLocation":"Buffalo, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"10701559","isbn":"0784400377","usgsCitation":"Butch, G.K., and Lumia, R., 1994, Effects of flow duration on local scour at bridge piers in New York, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 1, Buffalo, NY, USA, 1 August 1994 through 5 August 1994, p. 46-50.","startPage":"46","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06f6e4b0c8380cd514d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butch, Gerard K. gkbutch@usgs.gov","contributorId":914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butch","given":"Gerard","email":"gkbutch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":377909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":377910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017905,"text":"70017905 - 1994 - Geodetic slip rate for the eastern California shear zone and the recurrence time of Mojave desert earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:21","indexId":"70017905","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodetic slip rate for the eastern California shear zone and the recurrence time of Mojave desert earthquakes","docAbstract":"Where the San Andreas fault passes along the southwestern margin of the Mojave desert, it exhibits a large change in trend, and the deformation associated with the Pacific/North American plate boundary is distributed broadly over a complex shear zone. The importance of understanding the partitioning of strain across this region, especially to the east of the Mojave segment of the San Andreas in a region known as the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ), was highlighted by the occurrence (on 28 June 1992) of the magnitude 7.3 Landers earthquake in this zone. Here we use geodetic observations in the central Mojave desert to obtain new estimates for the rate and distribution of strain across a segment of the ECSZ, and to determine a coseismic strain drop of ~770 ??rad for the Landers earthquake. From these results we infer a strain energy recharge time of 3,500-5,000 yr for a Landers-type earthquake and a slip rate of ~12 mm yr-1 across the faults of the central Mojave. The latter estimate implies that a greater fraction of plate motion than heretofore inferred from geodetic data is accommodated across the ECSZ.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/367264a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Sauber, J., Thatcher, W., Solomon, S., and Lisowski, M., 1994, Geodetic slip rate for the eastern California shear zone and the recurrence time of Mojave desert earthquakes: Nature, v. 367, no. 6460, p. 264-266, https://doi.org/10.1038/367264a0.","startPage":"264","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206106,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/367264a0"},{"id":228355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"367","issue":"6460","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a173ee4b0c8380cd55447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauber, J.","contributorId":31540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauber","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solomon, S.C.","contributorId":39960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":54859,"text":"wdrNY933 - 1994 - Water resources data, New York, water year 1993. Volume 3. Western New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-18T23:46:09.015492","indexId":"wdrNY933","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-93-3","title":"Water resources data, New York, water year 1993. Volume 3. Western New York","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY933","usgsCitation":"Hornlein, J., Szabo, C., Zajd, H., and Deloff, D., 1994, Water resources data, New York, water year 1993. Volume 3. Western New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-93-3, xiv, 275 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY933.","productDescription":"xiv, 275 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/ny-93-3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/ny-93-3/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hornlein, J.F.","contributorId":102554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornlein","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Carolyn O.","contributorId":75210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Carolyn O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zajd, H.J. Jr.","contributorId":29501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajd","given":"H.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deloff, D.D.","contributorId":72855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deloff","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017033,"text":"70017033 - 1994 - Sediments in Arctic sea ice: Implications for entrainment, transport and release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-18T11:11:21.085354","indexId":"70017033","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediments in Arctic sea ice: Implications for entrainment, transport and release","docAbstract":"Despite the Arctic sea ice cover's recognized sensitivity to environmental change, the role of sediment inclusions in lowering ice albedo and affecting ice ablation is poorly understood. Sea ice sediment inclusions were studied in the central Arctic Ocean during the Arctic 91 expedition and in the Laptev Sea (East Siberian Arctic Region Expedition 1992). Results from these investigations are here combined with previous studies performed in major areas of ice ablation and the southern central Arctic Ocean. This study documents the regional distribution and composition of particle-laden ice, investigates and evaluates processes by which sediment is incorporated into the ice cover, and identifies transport paths and probable depositional centers for the released sediment.
In April 1992, sea ice in the Laptev Sea was relatively clean. The sediment occasionally observed was distributed diffusely over the entire ice column, forming turbid ice. Observations indicate that frazil and anchor ice formation occurring in a large coastal polynya provide a main mechanism for sediment entrainment. In the central Arctic Ocean sediments are concentrated in layers within or at the surface of ice floes due to melting and refreezing processes. The surface sediment accumulation in central Arctic multi-year sea ice exceeds by far the amounts observed in first-year ice from the Laptev Sea in April 1992.
Sea ice sediments are generally fine grained, although coarse sediments and stones up to 5 cm in diameter are observed. Component analysis indicates that quartz and clay minerals are the main terrigenous sediment particles. The biogenous components, namely shells of pelecypods and benthic foraminiferal tests, point to a shallow, benthic, marine source area. Apparently, sediment inclusions were resuspended from shelf areas before and incorporated into the sea ice by suspension freezing.
Clay mineralogy of ice-rafted sediments provides information on potential source areas. A smectite maximum in sea ice sediment samples repeatedly occurred between 81°N and 83°N along the Arctic 91 transect, indicating a rather stable and narrow smectite rich ice drift stream of the Transpolar Drift. The smectite concentrations are comparable to those found in both Laptev Sea shelf sediments and anchor ice sediments, pointing to this sea as a potential source area for sea ice sediments.
In the central Arctic Ocean sea ice clay mineralogy is significantly different from deep-sea clay mineral distribution patterns. The contribution of sea ice sediments to the deep sea is apparently diluted by sedimentary material provided by other transport mechanisms.
The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Virginia each water year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the Geological Survey, the data are published annually in this report series entitled \"Water Resources Data - Virginia.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrVA931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Prugh, B., Herman, P., and Belval, D.L., 1994, Water resources data, Virginia, water year 1993; Volume 1: Surface-water discharge and surface-water quality records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report VA-93-1, xx, 554 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrVA931.","productDescription":"xx, 554 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/va-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/va-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Jr.","contributorId":61846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prugh","given":"Byron J.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, P.E.","contributorId":73671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belval, Donna L.","contributorId":66736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belval","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":17217,"text":"ofr94432 - 1994 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 91. Part 1, Seismic data, January to December 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T20:13:52.006092","indexId":"ofr94432","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-432","title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 91. Part 1, Seismic data, January to December 1991","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94432","usgsCitation":"Nakata, J.S., Tomori, A., Tokuuke, J., Tanigawa, W.R., Okubo, P.G., Heliker, C., Mangan, M.T., Mattox, T.N., and Kauahikaua, J.P., 1994, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 91. Part 1, Seismic data, January to December 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-432, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94432.","productDescription":"72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391356,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12531.htm"},{"id":46364,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0432/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0432/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.067,\n 18.96\n ],\n [\n -155.808,\n 18.96\n ],\n [\n -155.808,\n 20.278\n ],\n [\n -156.067,\n 20.278\n ],\n [\n -156.067,\n 18.96\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f10e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakata, J. 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P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":2001526,"text":"2001526 - 1994 - Digestible carbohydrates improve protein retention in Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2001526","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"87","title":"Digestible carbohydrates improve protein retention in Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"95-048/PY95/TL","usgsCitation":"Fynn-Aikins, K., and Hughes, S.G., 1994, Digestible carbohydrates improve protein retention in Atlantic salmon: Research Information Bulletin 87, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d6c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fynn-Aikins, K.","contributorId":34080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fynn-Aikins","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54429,"text":"wdrCA933 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 3. Southern Central Valley Basins and the Great Basin from Walker River to Truckee River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-23T01:01:39","indexId":"wdrCA933","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-93-3","title":"Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 3. Southern Central Valley Basins and the Great Basin from Walker River to Truckee River","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1993 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 3 contains discharge records for 175 streamflow-gaging stations, 3 crest-stage partial-record streamflow stations and 79 miscellaneous measurement stations; stage and contents records for 45 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality records for 52 streamflow-gaging stations and 7 partial-record stations; and precipitation records for one gaging station. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and with other agencies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA933","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Mullen, J., Anderson, S., and Hayes, P., 1994, Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 3. Southern Central Valley Basins and the Great Basin from Walker River to Truckee River (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-93-3, xvii, 583 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA933.","productDescription":"xvii, 583 p.","temporalStart":"1992-10-01","temporalEnd":"1993-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":631,"text":"Water Resources Division-California District","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_CA_93_3.jpg"},{"id":174280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/ca-93/WDR-1993-vol3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern Central Valley Basins;Great Basin;Walker River;Truckee River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc1a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullen, J.R.","contributorId":92683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.W.","contributorId":25628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, P.D.","contributorId":52644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014839,"text":"1014839 - 1994 - Loma sp. salmonids from the Eastern United States: Associated lesions rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T12:22:27.47276","indexId":"1014839","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loma sp. salmonids from the Eastern United States: Associated lesions rainbow trout","docAbstract":"A microsporidian of the genus Loma was noted in the gills of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from a state hatchery (Buford Trout Hatchery) in Georgia. Mortalities of varying severity occur at this hatchery every fall, and the microsporidian was noted during an experiment from August 1991 to January 1992 to determine the effects of water source on disease. Infections first appeared to be systemic in the October sample; xenomas were observed in heart, spleen, and peripheral vessel walls. The presence of unidentified intracellular material preceded the appearance of xenomas in all tissues, but whether this material was associated with inflammation or represented immature stages of the parasite has yet to be determined. These structures were also noted in the intestine and liver, although xenomas were not noted in these organs. Mature xenomas did not elicit an inflammatory response but appeared to be short-lived. When the xenoma wall ruptured and released spores, an inflammatory response was again observed. The prevalence and severity of the infection were determined in fish maintained in troughs with well water, Chattahoochee River water, or hatchery (treated river) water. The infection tended to be more prevalent and more severe in fish maintained in the hatchery or river water than in those maintained in the well water. Stress induced by poor water quality may increase mortality from this parasite. This report extends the range of Loma sp. into the eastern United States.
A water-surface-elevation profile for the flood of June 17, 1990, in the Clear Creek Basin, east-central Iowa, is given in this report. The maximum flood-peak discharge of 10,200 cubic feet per second for the streamflow-gaging station on Clear Creek near Coralville, Iowa (station number 05454300), occurred on June 17, 1990. This discharge was approximately equal to the 80-year recurrence-interval discharge. A flood history describes rainfall conditions for floods that occurred during 1982, 1990, and 1993.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9478","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Highway Research Board and the Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation (Research Project HR-140)","usgsCitation":"Barnes, K., and Eash, D.A., 1994, Flood of June 17, 1990, in the Clear Creek Basin, east-central Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-78, iv, 16 p.: ill., map; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9478.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.: ill., map; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47415,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0078/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.78665161132812,\n 41.665730935994\n ],\n [\n -91.78665161132812,\n 41.73366078435096\n ],\n [\n -91.56211853027344,\n 41.73366078435096\n ],\n [\n -91.56211853027344,\n 41.665730935994\n ],\n [\n -91.78665161132812,\n 41.665730935994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eed97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, K.K.","contributorId":99164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eash, D. A.","contributorId":60237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54590,"text":"wdrID932 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, Idaho, Water Year 1993. Volume 2. Upper Columbia River Basin and Snake River Basin Below King Hill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:52","indexId":"wdrID932","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"ID-93-2","title":"Water Resources Data, Idaho, Water Year 1993. Volume 2. Upper Columbia River Basin and Snake River Basin Below King Hill","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrID932","usgsCitation":"Harenberg, W., Jones, M., O'Dell, I., Brennan, T., Lehmann, A., and Tungate, A., 1994, Water Resources Data, Idaho, Water Year 1993. Volume 2. Upper Columbia River Basin and Snake River Basin Below King Hill: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report ID-93-2, 362 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrID932.","productDescription":"362 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb9d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harenberg, W. A.","contributorId":78743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harenberg","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, M.L.","contributorId":88731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Dell, I.","contributorId":80336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Dell","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brennan, T.S.","contributorId":56708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lehmann, A.K.","contributorId":8548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehmann","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tungate, A.M.","contributorId":38638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tungate","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016976,"text":"70016976 - 1994 - Raman spectroscopy of garnet-group minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T10:02:25","indexId":"70016976","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1233,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Raman spectroscopy of garnet-group minerals","docAbstract":"The Raman spectra of the natural end members of the garnet-group minerals, which include pyrope, almandine and spessarite of Fe-Al garnet series and grossularite, andradite and uvarovite of Ca-Fe garnet series, have been studied. Measured Raman spectra of these minerals are reasonably and qualitatively assigned to the internal modes, translational and rotatory modes of SiO4 tetrahedra, as well as the translational motion of bivalent cations in the X site. The stretch and rotatory Alg modes for the Fe-Al garnet series show obvious Raman shifts as compared with those for the Ca-Fe garnet series, owing to the cations residing in the X site connected with SiO4 tetrahedra by sharing the two edges. The Raman shifts of all members within either of the series are attributed mainly to the properties of cations in the X site for the Fe-Al garnet series and in the Y site for the Ca-Fe garnet series.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02838517","issn":"10009426","usgsCitation":"Mingsheng, P., Mao, H., Dien, L., and Chao, E.C., 1994, Raman spectroscopy of garnet-group minerals: Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, v. 13, no. 2, p. 176-183, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02838517.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205542,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02838517"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9486e4b0c8380cd81471","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mingsheng, P.","contributorId":55159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mingsheng","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mao, Ho-kwang","contributorId":24927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"Ho-kwang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dien, L.","contributorId":90474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dien","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016986,"text":"70016986 - 1994 - Rewetting approximation for a simulator of flow in a surficial aquifer overlain by seasonally inundated wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T11:06:25.815236","indexId":"70016986","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rewetting approximation for a simulator of flow in a surficial aquifer overlain by seasonally inundated wetlands","docAbstract":"An approximation is presented to rectify situations occurring as part of the three-dimensional simulation of surficial aquifer flows in which surface grid cells become dry (zero saturated thickness) and then cannot readily receive flows that would again partially saturate them. The approximation permits the cells to be rewetted by adjusting dry cell pressures by the same amount as the pressure change computed for the uppermost nondry cells in the vertical column. This is continued in successive timesteps until the dry cells once again become partially or fully saturated.
The rewetting procedure was tested in a recent transient simulation of flows in the surficial Biscayne aquifer of Dade County, Florida, which is partly covered by seasonally inundated wetlands. The uppermost layer of the model (layer 1) was used to represent overland sheetflow and grid cells of high equivalent hydraulic conductivity in this layer became dry and were rewetted seasonally, requiring a relatively robust representation of rewetting. The rewetting procedure made possible a simulation of overland sheetflow stages and aquifer water-table altitudes between 1945 and 1989 that was generally correct to within about 1 foot in inundated and noninundated regions.
In a 6-year time period (1962–67) in which the behavior of the rewetting procedure was studied in detail, there were 4,723 simulated cell rewettings, of which 3,172 were in the overland sheetflow layer and 1,551 were in the uppermost aquifer layer (layer 2). The average head adjustment in a cell rewetting was 0.10 foot in layer 1 and 0.15 foot in layer 2. This study demonstrates an empirical approach to the problem of cell rewetting that might prove useful in other models of flow in surficial aquifers.