{"pageNumber":"4023","pageRowStart":"100550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":1014911,"text":"1014911 - 1994 - Ontogeny and evolution of salinity tolerance in anadromous salmonids: Hormones and heterochrony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T15:02:05.584777","indexId":"1014911","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogeny and evolution of salinity tolerance in anadromous salmonids: Hormones and heterochrony","docAbstract":"<p><span>Use of estuaries and oceans by salmonids varies greatly, from no use in nonanadromous species, to movement toward the sea soon after hatching and emergence in some Pacific salmon. This variation is accompanied by large differences in the ontogeny of salinity tolerance among salmonids. Some species acquire increased salinity tolerance early in development, whereas others develop this characteristic much later, indicating there is a heterochrony (change in timing) in the development of salinity tolerance in salmonids. The basic physiological mechanisms for ion regulation in seawater (such as increased gill chloride cells, gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>,K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity, membrane permeability, and drinking rate) are common to all salmonids. What determines the differences in salinity tolerance among the salmonids is not the basic mechanisms for salt secretion but the environmental and ontogenetic control of these mechanisms. In salmonids such as pink and chum salmon that enter seawater soon after emergence, acclimation to seawater may be controlled largely by internal (ontogenetic) information. In smolting salmonids that acquire increased salinity tolerance 1–2 yr after hatching, photoperiod is the dominant environmental cue. In nonsmolting species that migrate 2–3 yr after hatching, salinity itself may be the primary stimulus for salt secretory mechanisms. Physiological changes triggered by developmental and environmental cues are mediated by endocrine factors. Treatments with cortisol, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor I have been shown to increase seawater tolerance of salmonids, whereas prolactin is inhibitory. Differences in developmental patterns of endocrine activity (such as secretion, binding proteins, and receptors) are hypothesized to be responsible for the differences in timing (heterochrony) of increased salinity tolerance among and within salmonid species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352332","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S., 1994, Ontogeny and evolution of salinity tolerance in anadromous salmonids: Hormones and heterochrony: Estuaries, v. 17, no. 1A, p. 26-33, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352332.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db69193d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017640,"text":"70017640 - 1994 - Salinity increases in the navajo aquifer in southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:52:53","indexId":"70017640","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity increases in the navajo aquifer in southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"Salinity increases in water in some parts of the Navajo aquifer in southeastern Utah have been documented previously. The purpose of this paper is to use bromide, iodide, and chloride concentrations and del oxygen-18 and deuterium values in water from the study area to determine if oil-field brines (OFB) could be the source of increased salinity. Mixing-model results indicate that the bromide-to-chloride X 10,000 weight ratio characteristic of OFB in and outside the study area could not be causing the bromide depletion with increasing salinity in the Navajo aquifer. Mixing-model results indicate that a mixture of one percent OFB with 99 percent Navajo aquifer water would more than double the bromide-to-chloride weight ratio, instead of the observed decrease in the weight ratio with increasing chloride concentration. The trend of the mixing line representing the isotopically enriched samples from the Navajo aquifer does not indicate OFB as the source of isotopically enriched water; however, the simulated isotopic composition of injection water could be a salinity source. The lighter isotopic composition of OFB samples from the Aneth, Ratherford, White Mesa Unit, and McElmo Creek injection sites relative to the Ismay site is a result of continued recycling of injection water mixed with various proportions of isotopically lighter make-up water from the alluvial aquifer along the San Juan River. A mixing model using the isotopic composition of the simulated injection water suggests that enriched samples from the Navajo aquifer are composed of 36 to 75 percent of the simulated injection water. However, chloride concentrations predicted by the isotopic mixing model are up to 13.4 times larger than the measured chloride concentrations in isotopically enriched samples from the Navajo aquifer, indicating that injection water is not the source of increased salinity. Geochemical data consistently show that OFB and associated injection water from the Greater Aneth Oil Field are not the source of salinity increases in the Navajo aquifer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03357.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., and Spangler, L., 1994, Salinity increases in the navajo aquifer in southeastern Utah: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1119-1135, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03357.x.","startPage":"1119","endPage":"1135","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267683,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03357.x"},{"id":228571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafece4b0c8380cd87849","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, L.E.","contributorId":54230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017528,"text":"70017528 - 1994 - The East African rift system in the light of KRISP 90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-06T12:54:01.324535","indexId":"70017528","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The East African rift system in the light of KRISP 90","docAbstract":"<p>On the basis of a test experiment in 1985 (KRISP 85) an integrated seismic-refraction/teleseismic survey (KRISP 90) was undertaken to study the deep structure beneath the Kenya rift down to depths of 100–150 km. This paper summarizes the highlights of KRISP 90 as reported in this volume and discusses their broad implications as well as the structure of the Kenya rift in the general framework of other continental rifts. Major scientific goals of this phase of KRISP were to reveal the detailed crustal and upper mantle structure under the Kenya rift, to study the relationship between mantle updoming and the development of sedimentary basins and other shallow structures within the rift, to understand the role of the Kenya rift within the Afro-Arabian rift system and within a global perspective and to elucidate fundamental questions such as the mode and mechanism of continental rifting.</p><p>The KRISP results clearly demonstrate that the Kenya rift is associated with sharply defined lithospheric thinning and very low upper mantle velocities down to depths of over 150 km. In the south-central portion of the rift, the lithospheric mantle has been thinned much more than the crust. To the north, high-velocity layers detected in the upper mantle appear to require the presence of anistropy in the form of the alignment of olivine crystals. Major axial variations in structure were also discovered, which correlate very well with variations in the amount of extension, the physiographic width of the rift valley, the regional topography and the regional gravity anomalies. Similar relationships are particularly well documented in the Rio Grande rift.</p><p>To the extent that truly comparable data sets are available, the Kenya rift shares many features with other rift zones. For example, crustal structure under the Kenya, Rio Grande and Baikal rifts and the Rhine Graben is generally symmetrically centered on the rift valleys. However, the Kenya rift is distinctive, but not unique, in terms of the amount of volcanism. This volcanic activity would suggest large-scale modification of the crust by magmatism. Although there is evidence of underplating in the form of a relatively high-velocity lower crustal layer, there are no major seismic velocity anomalies in the middle and upper crust which would suggest pervasive magmatism. This apparent lack of major modification is an enigma which requires further study.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(94)90190-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Keller, G.R., Prodehl, C., Mechie, J., Fuchs, K., Khan, M., Maguire, P.K., Mooney, W.D., Achauer, U., Davis, P., Meyer, R., Braile, L., Nyambok, I., and Thompson, G.A., 1994, The East African rift system in the light of KRISP 90: Tectonophysics, v. 236, no. 1-4, p. 465-483, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)90190-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"483","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kenya","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[40.993,-0.85829],[41.58513,-1.68325],[40.88477,-2.08255],[40.63785,-2.49979],[40.26304,-2.57309],[40.12119,-3.27768],[39.80006,-3.68116],[39.60489,-4.34653],[39.20222,-4.67677],[37.7669,-3.67712],[37.69869,-3.09699],[34.07262,-1.05982],[33.90371,-0.95],[33.89357,0.10981],[34.18,0.515],[34.6721,1.17694],[35.03599,1.90584],[34.59607,3.05374],[34.47913,3.5556],[34.005,4.24988],[34.6202,4.84712],[35.29801,5.506],[35.81745,5.33823],[35.81745,4.77697],[36.15908,4.44786],[36.85509,4.44786],[38.12091,3.59861],[38.43697,3.58851],[38.67114,3.61607],[38.89251,3.50074],[39.55938,3.42206],[39.85494,3.83879],[40.76848,4.25702],[41.1718,3.91909],[41.85508,3.91891],[40.98105,2.78452],[40.993,-0.85829]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kenya\"}}]}","volume":"236","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba711e4b08c986b32134d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prodehl, C.","contributorId":100376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prodehl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mechie, J.","contributorId":37902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mechie","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuchs, K.","contributorId":89666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuchs","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khan, M.A.","contributorId":81916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maguire, Peter K.H.","contributorId":15766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Achauer, U.","contributorId":91998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Achauer","given":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Davis, P.M.","contributorId":15229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meyer, R.P.","contributorId":39146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Braile, L.W.","contributorId":85332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braile","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Nyambok, I.O.","contributorId":27214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyambok","given":"I.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thompson, G. A.","contributorId":90332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70017531,"text":"70017531 - 1994 - Rare earth element evidence for the petrogenesis of the banded series of the Stillwater Complex, Montana, and its anorthosites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-04T11:16:25.865183","indexId":"70017531","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earth element evidence for the petrogenesis of the banded series of the Stillwater Complex, Montana, and its anorthosites","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">A rare earth element (REE) study was made by isotope-dilution mass spectrometry of plagioclase separates from a variety of cumulates stratigraphically spanning the Banded series of the Stillwater Complex, Montana. Evaluation of parent liquid REE patterns, calculated on the basis of published plagioclase-liquid partition coefficients, shows that the range of REE ratios is too large to be attributable to fractionation of a single magma type. At least two different parental melts were present throughout the Banded series. This finding supports hypotheses of previous workers that the Stillwater Complex formed from two different parent magma types, designated the anorthositic- or A-type liquid and the ultramafic- or U-type liquid. On the basis of our data, one melt has a REE pattern with a distinctive shallow slope and is represented by samples from the thick, massive Anorthosite zones I and II (AN I and AN II) of the Middle Banded series. Although samples from AN I and AN II are separated by as much as 1400 m stratigraphically, they have remarkably similar calculated parent liquid characteristics, with (Ce/Sm)n = 1.7–1.9, (Nd/Sm)n = 1.3–1.4 and (Ce/Yb)n = 2.9–4.6 (where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>denotes chondrite-normalized). These calculated liquids are probably close to representing A-type magma. In addition, plagioclase-bronzite cumulates from Norite zones I and II (N I and N II), although thought to be U-type cumulates, contain plagioclase that has A-type REE characteristics, implying that A-type magmas were injected into the magma chamber during formation of those zones. In contrast, calculated parent liquids of cumulus augite-bearing rocks have REE patterns that display distinctly steeper slopes than the A-type REE pattern. The extreme is the calculated parent liquid of a plagioclase-bronzite-augite cumulated with (Ce/Sm)n = 2.9, (Nd/Sm)n = 1.7, and (Ce/Yb)n = 10.1.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/35.6.1623","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Loferski, P., Arculus, R., and Czamanske, G., 1994, Rare earth element evidence for the petrogenesis of the banded series of the Stillwater Complex, Montana, and its anorthosites: Journal of Petrology, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1623-1649, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1623.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1623","endPage":"1649","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a951be4b0c8380cd817e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loferski, P. J.","contributorId":12841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loferski","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arculus, R.J.","contributorId":35482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arculus","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Czamanske, G.K.","contributorId":26300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czamanske","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017646,"text":"70017646 - 1994 - Uranium-Series Ages of Marine Terrace Corals from the Pacific Coast of North America and Implications for Last-Interglacial Sea Level History","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70017646","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-Series Ages of Marine Terrace Corals from the Pacific Coast of North America and Implications for Last-Interglacial Sea Level History","docAbstract":"Few of the marine terraces along the Pacific coast of North America have been dated using uranium-series techniques. Ten terrace sequences from southern Oregon to southern Baja California Sur have yielded fossil corals in quantities suitable for U-series dating by alpha spectrometry. U-series-dated terraces representing the ???80,000 yr sea-level high stand are identified in five areas (Bandon, Oregon; Point Arena, San Nicolas Island, and Point Loma, California; and Punta Banda, Baja California); terraces representing the ???125,000 yr sea-level high stand are identified in eight areas (Cayucos, San Luis Obispo Bay, San Nicolas Island, San Clemente Island, and Point Loma, California; Punta Bands and Isla Guadalupe, Baja California; and Cabo Pulmo, Baja California Sur). On San Nicolas Island, Point Loma, and Punta Bands, both the ???80,000 and the ???125,000 yr terraces are dated. Terraces that may represent the ???105,000 sea-level high stand are rarely preserved and none has yielded corals for U-series dating. Similarity of coral ages from midlatitude, erosional marine terraces with coral ages from emergent, constructional reefs on tropical coastlines suggests a common forcing mechanism, namely glacioeustatically controlled fluctuations in sea level superimposed on steady tectonic uplift. The low marine terrace dated at ???125,000 yr on Isla Guadalupe, Baja California, presumed to be tectonically stable, supports evidence from other localities for a +6-m sea level at that time. Data from the Pacific Coast and a compilation of data from other coasts indicate that sea levels at ???80,000 and ???105,000 yr may have been closer to present sea level (within a few meters) than previous studies have suggested.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1994.1055","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Kennedy, G.L., and Rockwell, T.K., 1994, Uranium-Series Ages of Marine Terrace Corals from the Pacific Coast of North America and Implications for Last-Interglacial Sea Level History: Quaternary Research, v. 42, no. 1, p. 72-87, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1055.","startPage":"72","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206145,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1055"},{"id":228715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbddfe4b08c986b3292a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, G. L.","contributorId":23944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, T. K.","contributorId":34688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017410,"text":"70017410 - 1994 - Degradation of methyl bromide in anaerobic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T18:53:03.816525","indexId":"70017410","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degradation of methyl bromide in anaerobic sediments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00052a026","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Miller, L., and Strohmaler, F., 1994, Degradation of methyl bromide in anaerobic sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 3, p. 514-520, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00052a026.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"520","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe57e4b0c8380cd4ecaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strohmaler, F.E.","contributorId":68477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strohmaler","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017663,"text":"70017663 - 1994 - Geochemistry of the 1989-1990 eruption of redoubt volcano: Part I. Whole-rock major- and trace-element chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70017663","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of the 1989-1990 eruption of redoubt volcano: Part I. Whole-rock major- and trace-element chemistry","docAbstract":"The 1989-1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano produced medium-K calc-alkaline andesite and dacite of limited compositional range (58.2-63.4% SiO2) and entrained quenched andesitic inclusions (55% SiO2) which bear chemical similarities to the rest of the ejecta. The earliest (December 15) magmas are pumiceous, often compositionally banded, and the majority is relatively mafic (< 59% SiO2). The most silicic magmas of the eruption are the late December to early January domes (up to 63.4% SiO2). Subsequent magmas formed domes and rare pumices which converge on 60% SiO2. Chemical variations among ejecta comprise tight, linear, two-component arrays for all elements for which the analytical uncertainty is much less than the compositional range. The two-component arrays are interpreted as mixing arrays between unrelated magmas because several of the arrays are at steep angles to the normal liquid line of descent. Additionally, the felsic endmember cannot be easily related to the mafic endmember by normal high-temperature igneous processes (e.g., the silicic endmember has higher Zr yet lower Hf than the mafic endmember). Also relative enrichments of highly incompatible elements are dramatically different across the arrays. The mixing event must have preceded eruption by a significant, yet unspecified amount of time because groundmass glass compositions are homogeneous for all post-December samples (Swanson et al., 1994-this volume), in spite of the whole-rock chemical diversity. This implies time for additional crystallization after the mixing event. Swanson et al. (1994-this volume) discuss evidence for a potentially different mixing event recorded only in December 15 magmas. Cognate cumulate xenoliths composed of pl+cpx+opx+hb+mt+melt were recovered from January and April deposits. These blocks differ from local batholithic country rock in their low concentrations of incompatible elements (e.g., Rb < 5 ppm vs 20-90 ppm, Ba < 150 ppm vs 300-2000 ppm) and low SiO2 (< 50 wt.% vs > 60 wt.%). They have Mg, Cr, Ni, Sc, and V contents higher than the andesites, but lower than Redoubt basalts and basaltic andesites. Thus, they may be crystallization products of andesites, but do not represent the cumulate residue of basalt fractionation. The xenoliths were probably derived from a shallow or intermediate crustal chamber. ?? 1994.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Nye, C., Swanson, S., Avery, V., and Miller, T.P., 1994, Geochemistry of the 1989-1990 eruption of redoubt volcano: Part I. Whole-rock major- and trace-element chemistry: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 429-452.","startPage":"429","endPage":"452","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1719e4b0c8380cd553a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nye, C.J.","contributorId":42734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, S.E.","contributorId":84505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avery, V.F.","contributorId":51811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avery","given":"V.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017558,"text":"70017558 - 1994 - The precision of wet atmospheric deposition data from national atmospheric deposition program/national trends network sites determined with collocated samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017558","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The precision of wet atmospheric deposition data from national atmospheric deposition program/national trends network sites determined with collocated samplers","docAbstract":"A collocated, wet-deposition sampler program has been operated since October 1988 by the U.S. Geological Survey to estimate the overall sampling precision of wet atmospheric deposition data collected at selected sites in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network (NADP/NTN). A duplicate set of wet-deposition sampling instruments was installed adjacent to existing sampling instruments at four different NADP/NTN sites for each year of the study. Wet-deposition samples from collocated sites were collected and analysed using standard NADP/NTN procedures. Laboratory analyses included determinations of pH, specific conductance, and concentrations of major cations and anions. The estimates of precision included all variability in the data-collection system, from the point of sample collection through storage in the NADP/NTN database. Sampling precision was determined from the absolute value of differences in the analytical results for the paired samples in terms of median relative and absolute difference. The median relative difference for Mg2+, Na+, K+ and NH4+ concentration and deposition was quite variable between sites and exceeded 10% at most sites. Relative error for analytes whose concentrations typically approached laboratory method detection limits were greater than for analytes that did not typically approach detection limits. The median relative difference for SO42- and NO3- concentration, specific conductance, and sample volume at all sites was less than 7%. Precision for H+ concentration and deposition ranged from less than 10% at sites with typically high levels of H+ concentration to greater than 30% at sites with low H+ concentration. Median difference for analyte concentration and deposition was typically 1.5-2-times greater for samples collected during the winter than during other seasons at two northern sites. Likewise, the median relative difference in sample volume for winter samples was more than double the annual median relative difference at the two northern sites. Bias accounted for less than 25% of the collocated variability in analyte concentration and deposition from weekly collocated precipitation samples at most sites.A collocated, wet-deposition sampler program has been operated since OCtober 1988 by the U.S Geological Survey to estimate the overall sampling precision of wet atmospheric deposition data collected at selected sites in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network (NADP/NTN). A duplicate set of wet-deposition sampling instruments was installed adjacent to existing sampling instruments four different NADP/NTN sites for each year of the study. Wet-deposition samples from collocated sites were collected and analysed using standard NADP/NTN procedures. Laboratory analyses included determinations of pH, specific conductance, and concentrations of major cations and anions. The estimates of precision included all variability in the data-collection system, from the point of sample collection through storage in the NADP/NTN database.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/1352-2310(94)90289-5","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Nilles, M., Gordon, J., and Schroder, L., 1994, The precision of wet atmospheric deposition data from national atmospheric deposition program/national trends network sites determined with collocated samplers: Atmospheric Environment, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1121-1128, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90289-5.","startPage":"1121","endPage":"1128","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206133,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90289-5"},{"id":228611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baec3e4b08c986b32430a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilles, M.A.","contributorId":50553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilles","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, J.D.","contributorId":26684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017516,"text":"70017516 - 1994 - Dome growth and destruction during the 1989-1990 eruption of redoubt volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017516","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dome growth and destruction during the 1989-1990 eruption of redoubt volcano","docAbstract":"Much of the six-month-long 1989-1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano consisted of a dome-growth and -destructive phase in which 14 short-lived viscous silicic andesite domes were emplaced and 13 subsequently destroyed. The life span of an individual dome ranged from 3 to 21 days and volumes are estimated at 1 ?? 106 to 30 ?? 106 m3. Magma supply rates to the vent area averaged about 5 ?? 105 m3 / day for most of the dome-building phase and ranged from a high of 2.2 ?? 106 m3 per day initially to a low of 1.8 ?? 105 m3 per day at the waning stages of the eruption. The total volume of all domes is estimated to be about 90 ?? 106 m3 and may represent as much as 60-70% of the volume for the entire eruption. The site of 1989-1990 dome emplacement, like that in 1966, was on the margin of a north-facing amphitheatre-like summit crater. The domes were confined on the east and west by steep cliffs of pre-eruption cone-building volcanic rocks and thus were constrained to grow vertically. Rapid upward growth in a precarious site caused each dome to spread preferentially to the north, resulting in eventual gravitational collapse. As long as the present conduit remains active at Redoubt Volcano, any dome formed in a new eruption will be confined to a narrow steeply-sloping gorge, leading to rapid vertical growth and a tendency to collapse gravitationally. Repetitive cycles of dome formation and failure similar to those seen in 1989-1990 are probably the norm and must be considered in future hazard analyses of Redoubt Volcano. ?? 1994.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.P., 1994, Dome growth and destruction during the 1989-1990 eruption of redoubt volcano: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 197-212.","startPage":"197","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03a1e4b0c8380cd5059a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17152,"text":"ofr94430 - 1994 - Geologic map of the Harrison 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Missouri and Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:26","indexId":"ofr94430","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-430","title":"Geologic map of the Harrison 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Missouri and Arkansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94430","usgsCitation":"Middendorf, M.A., Thomas, K., Robertson, C., Whitfield, J., Glick, E., Bush, W.V., Haley, B., and McFarland, J., 1994, Geologic map of the Harrison 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Missouri and Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-430, 15 p., :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94430.","productDescription":"15 p., :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108234,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12530.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12530"},{"id":150614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0430/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":21619,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0430/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46287,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0430/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69816f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middendorf, Mark A.","contributorId":10823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middendorf","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, K.C.","contributorId":38999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, C.E.","contributorId":99955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitfield, J.W.","contributorId":105740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitfield","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glick, E.E.","contributorId":12060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glick","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bush, W. V.","contributorId":40233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haley, B.R.","contributorId":41444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haley","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McFarland, J.D.","contributorId":93930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":18540,"text":"ofr9484 - 1994 - Operation of hydrologic data-collection stations by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:27","indexId":"ofr9484","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-84","title":"Operation of hydrologic data-collection stations by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1993","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9484","usgsCitation":"Condes de la Torre, A., 1994, Operation of hydrologic data-collection stations by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-84, vii, 53 p. :chiefly ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9484.","productDescription":"vii, 53 p. :chiefly ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0084/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db6917b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Condes de la Torre, Alberto","contributorId":73570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condes de la Torre","given":"Alberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017910,"text":"70017910 - 1994 - Partitioning of zinc among common ferromagnesian minerals and implications for hydrothermal mobilization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:21","indexId":"70017910","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partitioning of zinc among common ferromagnesian minerals and implications for hydrothermal mobilization","docAbstract":"In systems where metals are scavenging from crystalline rocks by through-flowing fluids, the important host minerals must be dissolved or must undergo cation-exchange reactions with the fluid. Whereas copper resides in sulfides, zinc resides in magnetic and, to a lesser extent, in biotite, clinopyroxene and olivine. Magnetite is known from petrographic studies to be more resistant to alteration than sulfides. For metals extracted from crystalline rocks, the Cu:Zn mass ratio may thus decrease with progressive alteration. In systems where metals are scavenged from cooling magmas by exsolving fluids, the metals are partitioned among melt, fluid and any crystals that have fractionated. For zinc, crystal fractionation may be an important sink if magnetite or biotite crystallize before fluid saturation. The zinc concentrations of magmatic fluids will thus be reduced. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., 1994, Partitioning of zinc among common ferromagnesian minerals and implications for hydrothermal mobilization: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 32, no. 1, p. 121-132.","startPage":"121","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7544e4b0c8380cd77a94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18304,"text":"ofr94153 - 1994 - Preliminary geologic map of the New River Quadrangle, Maricopa and Yavapai counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr94153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-153","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the New River Quadrangle, Maricopa and Yavapai counties, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94153","usgsCitation":"Bryant, B., 1994, Preliminary geologic map of the New River Quadrangle, Maricopa and Yavapai counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-153, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94153.","productDescription":"17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0153/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":21543,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0153/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47656,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryant, B.H.","contributorId":87969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017954,"text":"70017954 - 1994 - Interactive regional regression approach to estimating flood quantiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017954","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interactive regional regression approach to estimating flood quantiles","docAbstract":"In Texas, a computer program has been developed which will estimate flood quantiles for an ungaged site based on data from gaging stations with similar watershed characteristics. The user enters site location and watershed characteristics for an ungaged site and the program selects, from a data base of gaging stations, a subset of stations to be used in the regression analysis. The subset of stations are selected based on the similarity of their basin characteristics to the ungaged site's basin characteristics. This approach offers several advantages over the usual regional regression approach. For example, the estimation data includes only stations whose size, topography, and climate are similar to the ungaged site. Therefore, predictions tend to be made near the center of the space of the explanatory variables, and extrapolation errors are reduced. In addition, any violation of the assumption of linearity for the regression is less likely to cause problems. A new regression equation is developed for each prediction site, thus numerous calculations are necessary. However, today's desktop computers can make the calculations easily. A split sampling study is used to compare this technique with the more conventional regional regression approach.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Water Policy and","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Water Policy and Management: Solving the Problems","conferenceDate":"23 May 1994 through 26 May 1994","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0784400202","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., and Slade, R., 1994, Interactive regional regression approach to estimating flood quantiles, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Water Policy and, Denver, CO, USA, 23 May 1994 through 26 May 1994, p. 782-785.","startPage":"782","endPage":"785","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce1e4b0c8380cd6310b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slade, Raymond M.","contributorId":23242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017514,"text":"70017514 - 1994 - Use of long-term tritium records from the Colorado River to determine timescales for hydrologic processes associated with irrigation in the Imperial Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T10:07:14","indexId":"70017514","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of long-term tritium records from the Colorado River to determine timescales for hydrologic processes associated with irrigation in the Imperial Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>Tritium records were used to study hydrologic processes associated with irrigation and drainage in the Imperial Valley, a 2000-km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>agricultural area in the southeastern California desert. Tritium was analyzed in surface water, ground water, soil-pore water and drain water, and the results were compared to the historical record of tritium in the Colorado River. The Colorado River record was reconstructed using a simple reservoir model and precipitation data in the Colorado River Basin for the period prior to 1965, and from continuous measurements in the river for 1965–1988. This historical record is especially useful in the arid Imperial Valley because recent agricultural development has been entirely dependent on irrigation water diverted from the Colorado River and local recharge is negligible.</p><p>Results indicate that it takes about 5 a for irrigation drainage to move through the soil to a depth of 2–3 m. Drainwaters have a wide range in tritium concentrations because of varying degrees of influence from ground-water intrusion, and from rapid percolation of irrigation through preferred pathways. The net result is that drainwater from about 40 fields had a range in tritium concentration similar to that of the Colorado River over the last 9 a (1980–1988), a period during which tritium concentration was declining about 15% annually in the river.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(94)90061-2","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., and Schoeder, R., 1994, Use of long-term tritium records from the Colorado River to determine timescales for hydrologic processes associated with irrigation in the Imperial Valley, California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 9, no. 4, p. 387-401, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(94)90061-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"401","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley","volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf39e4b08c986b329a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoeder, R.A.","contributorId":103429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoeder","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017571,"text":"70017571 - 1994 - The geochemical cycling of trace elements in a biogenic meromictic lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:50:51","indexId":"70017571","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemical cycling of trace elements in a biogenic meromictic lake","docAbstract":"<p>The geochemical processes affecting the behavior and speciation of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn in Hall Lake, Washington, USA, are assessed by examining dissolved and acid soluble particulate profiles of the elements and utilizing results from thermodynamic calculations. The water column of this meromictic lake is highly stratified and contains distinctive oxic, suboxic, and anoxic layers. Changes in the redox state of the water column with depth affect the distribution of all the elements studied. Most noticeable are increases in dissolved Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations across the oxic-suboxic boundary, increases in dissolved As, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, and V concentrations with depth in the anoxic layer, significant decreases in dissolved Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the anoxic region below the sulfide maximum, and large increases in acid soluble particulate concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn in the anoxic zone below the sulfide maximum. Thermodynamic calculations for the anoxic region indicate that all redox sensitive elements exist in their reduced forms, the primary dissolved forms of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn are metal sulfide solution complexes, and solid sulfide phases of Cu, Fe, Mo, and Pb are supersaturated. Calculations using a vertical diffusion and reaction model indicate that the oxidation rate constant for Mn(II) in Hall Lake is estimated to be 0.006 d-1 and is at the lower end of the range of microbial oxidation rates observed in other natural systems. The main geochemical processes influencing the distribution and speciation of trace elements in Hall Lake appear to be transformations of dissolved elements between their oxidation states (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, V), cocycling of trace elements with Mn and Fe (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn), formation of soluble metal sulfide complexes (Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn), sorption (As, Co, Cr, Ni, V), and precipitation (Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Pb, Zn).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(94)90262-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., Murray, J., and Paul, B., 1994, The geochemical cycling of trace elements in a biogenic meromictic lake: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 19, p. 3993-4008, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90262-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3993","endPage":"4008","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac46e4b08c986b3233af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, J.W.","contributorId":53540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paul, B.","contributorId":72950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017512,"text":"70017512 - 1994 - Hogtuvaite, a new beryllian member of the aenigmatite group from Norway, with new X-ray data on aenigmatite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017512","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hogtuvaite, a new beryllian member of the aenigmatite group from Norway, with new X-ray data on aenigmatite","docAbstract":"Hogtuvaite is a new beryllian member of the aenigmatite group that was discovered in Nordland County, Norway. It is a metamorphic mineral, hosted by Proterozoic granitic gneisses and mafic pegmatites of metamorphic origin. Compositional variations within and between gneiss-hosted samples of hogtuvaite are minimal; however, pegmatite-hosted samples of hogtuvaite are significantly different, containing less Al and Sn, and more Ti and Mn, than those from the gneisses. The mineralogical, optical and crystallographic properties of hogtuvaite are described. A new and uniquely indexed set of X-ray powder diffraction data for aenigmatite is presented. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Grauch, R., 1994, Hogtuvaite, a new beryllian member of the aenigmatite group from Norway, with new X-ray data on aenigmatite: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 32, no. 2, p. 439-448.","startPage":"439","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31cde4b0c8380cd5e23e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, R. I. 0000-0002-1763-0813","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":107698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"R. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017718,"text":"70017718 - 1994 - Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:07:42","indexId":"70017718","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1992","docAbstract":"Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 133 moderate-to-large earthquakes occurring during 1992. ?? 1994.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(94)90097-3","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., and Needham, R., 1994, Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1992: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 82, no. 1, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(94)90097-3.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267319,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(94)90097-3"},{"id":228622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d46e4b0c8380cd7029c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Needham, R.E.","contributorId":73613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Needham","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017605,"text":"70017605 - 1994 - Some comparisons between mining-induced and laboratory earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017605","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some comparisons between mining-induced and laboratory earthquakes","docAbstract":"Although laboratory stick-slip friction experiments have long been regarded as analogs to natural crustal earthquakes, the potential use of laboratory results for understanding the earthquake source mechanism has not been fully exploited because of essential difficulties in relating seismographic data to measurements made in the controlled laboratory environment. Mining-induced earthquakes, however, provide a means of calibrating the seismic data in terms of laboratory results because, in contrast to natural earthquakes, the causative forces as well as the hypocentral conditions are known. A comparison of stick-slip friction events in a large granite sample with mining-induced earthquakes in South Africa and Canada indicates both similarities and differences between the two phenomena. The physics of unstable fault slip appears to be largely the same for both types of events. For example, both laboratory and mining-induced earthquakes have very low seismic efficiencies {Mathematical expression} where ??a is the apparent stress and {Mathematical expression} is the average stress acting on the fault plane to cause slip; nearly all of the energy released by faulting is consumed in overcoming friction. In more detail, the mining-induced earthquakes differ from the laboratory events in the behavior of ?? as a function of seismic moment M0. Whereas for the laboratory events ?????0.06 independent of M0, ?? depends quite strongly on M0 for each set of induced earthquakes, with 0.06 serving, apparently, as an upper bound. It seems most likely that this observed scaling difference is due to variations in slip distribution over the fault plane. In the laboratory, a stick-slip event entails homogeneous slip over a fault of fixed area. For each set of induced earthquakes, the fault area appears to be approximately fixed but the slip is inhomogeneous due presumably to barriers (zones of no slip) distributed over the fault plane; at constant {Mathematical expression}, larger events correspond to larger??a as a consequence of fewer barriers to slip. If the inequality ??a/ {Mathematical expression} ??? 0.06 has general validity, then measurements of ??a=??Ea/M0, where ?? is the modulus of rigidity and Ea is the seismically-radiated energy, can be used to infer the absolute level of deviatoric stress at the hypocenter. ?? 1994 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00876051","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 1994, Some comparisons between mining-induced and laboratory earthquakes: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 142, no. 3-4, p. 467-489, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876051.","startPage":"467","endPage":"489","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206140,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876051"},{"id":228663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9286e4b08c986b319f77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017561,"text":"70017561 - 1994 - Gravity-induced stresses in finite slopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T11:54:18","indexId":"70017561","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity-induced stresses in finite slopes","docAbstract":"An exact solution for gravity-induced stresses in finite elastic slopes is presented. This solution, which is applied for gravity-induced stresses in 15, 30, 45 and 90?? finite slopes, has application in pit-slope design, compares favorably with published finite element results for this problem and satisfies the conditions that shear and normal stresses vanish on the ground surface. The solution predicts that horizontal stresses are compressive along the top of the slopes (zero in the case of the 90?? slope) and tensile away from the bottom of the slopes, effects which are caused by downward movement and near-surface horizontal extension in front of the slope in response to gravity loading caused by the additional material associated with the finite slope. ?? 1994.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(94)90150-3","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Savage, W.Z., 1994, Gravity-induced stresses in finite slopes: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 31, no. 5, p. 471-483, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(94)90150-3.","productDescription":"p.471-483","startPage":"471","endPage":"483","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265931,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(94)90150-3"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a42e4b0c8380cd5b011","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017498,"text":"70017498 - 1994 - Potential for seepage erosion of landslide dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T11:04:56","indexId":"70017498","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2326,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for seepage erosion of landslide dam","docAbstract":"The failure potential of the debris-avalanche dam at Castle Lake near Mount St. Helens, Washington, by three processes of seepage erosion (1) Heave; (2) piping; and (3) internal erosion, is examined. Results indicated that the dam is stable against piping but potentially locally unstable against heave. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:7(1211)","usgsCitation":"Meyer, W., Schuster, R.L., and Sabol, M.A., 1994, Potential for seepage erosion of landslide dam: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, v. 120, no. 7, p. 1211-1229, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:7(1211).","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1229","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268623,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:7(1211)"}],"volume":"120","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f19e4b0c8380cd7a904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, W.","contributorId":21707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, R. L.","contributorId":19135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sabol, M. A.","contributorId":36178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017431,"text":"70017431 - 1994 - Suspended sediments of the modern Amazon and Orinoco rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T16:29:02","indexId":"70017431","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended sediments of the modern Amazon and Orinoco rivers","docAbstract":"The Amazon and Orinoco Rivers are massive transcontinental conveyance systems for suspended sediment. They derive about 90% of their sediment from the Andes that support their western headwaters, transport it for thousands of kilometers across the breadth of the continent and deposit it in the coastal zones of the Atlantic. At their points of maximum suspended-sediment discharge, the Amazon transports an average of 1100-1300 ?? 106 tons per year and the Orinoco transports about 150 ?? 106 tons per year. Relations of sediment discharge to water discharge are complicated by unusual patterns of seasonal storage and remobilization, increased storage and reduced transport of sediment in the middle Orinoco during periods of peak water discharge, and storage of suspended sediment in the lower Amazon during rising discharge and resuspension during falling discharge. Spatial distributions of suspended sediment in cross-sections of both rivers are typically heterogeneous, not only in the vertical sense but also in the lateral. The cross-channel mixing of tributary inputs into the mainstem waters is a slow process that requires several hundred kilometers of downriver transport to complete. Considerable fine-grained sediment is exchanged between rivers and floodplains by the combination of overbank deposition and bank erosion. ?? 1994.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1040-6182(94)90019-1","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Meade, R., 1994, Suspended sediments of the modern Amazon and Orinoco rivers: Quaternary International, v. 21, no. C, p. 29-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(94)90019-1.","startPage":"29","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270039,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(94)90019-1"}],"volume":"21","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba309e4b08c986b31fb3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, R.H.","contributorId":27449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017020,"text":"70017020 - 1994 - Permafrost-associated gas hydrate accumulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70017020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Permafrost-associated gas hydrate accumulations","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38839.x","issn":"00778923","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., 1994, Permafrost-associated gas hydrate accumulations, <i>in</i> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 715, p. 247-269, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38839.x.","startPage":"247","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205546,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38839.x"},{"id":224769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"715","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76a5e4b0c8380cd7822d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017440,"text":"70017440 - 1994 - Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile: VII. Two new saline minerals with the composition K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10 (XO4) 12(IO3)12.12H2O: fuenzalidaite (X = S) and carlosruizite (X = Se)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017440","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile: VII. Two new saline minerals with the composition K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10 (XO4) 12(IO3)12.12H2O: fuenzalidaite (X = S) and carlosruizite (X = Se)","docAbstract":"Two new isostructural saline minerals from the nitrate deposits of northern Chile have the composition K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(XO4)12(IO3)12.12H2O: fuenzalidaite (X = S) and carlosruizite (X = Se,S,Cr). -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Konnert, J., Evans, H.T., McGee, J.J., and Ericksen, G.E., 1994, Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile: VII. Two new saline minerals with the composition K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10 (XO4) 12(IO3)12.12H2O: fuenzalidaite (X = S) and carlosruizite (X = Se): American Mineralogist, v. 79, no. 9-10, p. 1003-1008.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1008","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5aa9e4b0c8380cd6f039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konnert, J.A.","contributorId":17640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konnert","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, H. T. Jr.","contributorId":41859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGee, J. J.","contributorId":92271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ericksen, G. E.","contributorId":44538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017137,"text":"70017137 - 1994 - A debris flow deposit in alluvial, coal-bearing facies, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA: Evidence for catastrophic termination of a mire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T00:35:22.244483","indexId":"70017137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A debris flow deposit in alluvial, coal-bearing facies, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA: Evidence for catastrophic termination of a mire","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Coal and clastic facies investigations of a Paleocene coal-bearing succession in the Grass Creek coal mine, southwestern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA, suggest that disruption of peat accumulation in recurrent mires was caused by the repetitive progradation of crevasse splays and, ultimately, by a catastrophic mass movement. The mass movement, represented by deposits of debris flow, marked the termination of significant peat accumulation in the Grass Creek coal mine area.</p><p>Megascopic and microscopic analyses of coal beds exposed along the mine highwalls suggest that these deposits developed in low-lying mires, as evidenced primarily by their ash yields and maceral composition. Disruption of peat accumulation in successive mires was caused by incursions of sediment into the mire environments. Termination by crevasse splay progradation is represented by coarsening-upward successions of mudrock and tabular, rooted sandstone, which overlie coal beds in the lower part of the coal-bearing interval. A more rapid process of mire termination by mass movement is exemplified by a debris flow deposit of diamictite, which overlies the uppermost coal bed at the top of the coal-bearing interval. The diamictite consists of a poorly sorted, unstratified mixture of quartzite cobbles and pebbles embedded in a claystone-rich or sandy mudstone matrix. Deposition of the diamictite may have taken place over a matter of weeks, days, or perhaps even hours, by catastrophic flood, thus reflecting an instantaneous process of mire termination. Coarse clastics and mud were transported from the southwest some 20–40 km as a viscous debris flow along stream courses from the ancestral Washakie Range to the Grass Creek area, where the flow overrode a low-lying mire and effectively terminated peat accumulation.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(94)90017-5","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Roberts, S.B., Stanton, R., and Flores, R.M., 1994, A debris flow deposit in alluvial, coal-bearing facies, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA: Evidence for catastrophic termination of a mire: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 25, no. 3-4, p. 213-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(94)90017-5.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3a8e4b0c8380cd46167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, S. B.","contributorId":25143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flores, R. M.","contributorId":106899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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