{"pageNumber":"403","pageRowStart":"10050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11385,"records":[{"id":38784,"text":"pp545B - 1967 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on air and water transport, communications, and utilities systems in south-central Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38784,"text":"pp545B - 1967 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on air and water transport, communications, and utilities systems in south-central Alaska","indexId":"pp545B","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on air and water transport, communications, and utilities systems in south-central Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048241,"text":"pp545 - 1967 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities","indexId":"pp545","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048241,"text":"pp545 - 1967 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities","indexId":"pp545","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T20:25:09.489998","indexId":"pp545B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"545","chapter":"B","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on air and water transport, communications, and utilities systems in south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The earthquake of March 27, 1964, wrecked or severely hampered all forms of transportation, all utilities, and all communications systems over a very large part of south-central Alaska. Effects on air transportation were minor as compared to those on the water, highway, and railroad transport systems. A few planes were damaged or wrecked by seismic vibration or by flooding. Numerous airport facilities were damaged by vibration or by secondary effects of the earthquake, notably seismic sea and landslide-generated waves, tectonic subsidence, and compaction. Nearly all air facilities were partly or wholly operational within a few hours after the earthquake. The earthquake inflicted enormous damage on the shipping industry, which is indispensable to a State that imports fully 90 percent of its requirements—mostly by water—and whose largest single industry is fishing. Except for those of Anchorage, all port facilities in the earthquake-affected area were destroyed or made inoperable by submarine slides, waves, tectonic uplift, and fire. No large vessels were lost, but more than 200 smaller ones (mostly crab or salmon boats) were lost or severely damaged. Navigation aids were destroyed, and hitherto well-known waterways were greatly altered by uplift or subsidence. All these effects wrought far-reaching changes in the shipping economy of Alaska, many of them to its betterment. Virtually all utilities and communications in south-central Alaska were damaged or wrecked by the earthquake, but temporary repairs were effected in remarkably short times. Communications systems were silenced almost everywhere by loss of power or by downed lines; their place was quickly taken by a patchwork of self-powered radio transmitters. A complex power-generating system that served much of the stricken area from steam, diesel, and hydrogenerating plants was disrupted in many places by vibration damage to equipment and by broken transmission lines. Landslides in Anchorage broke gas-distribution lines in many places, but the main transmission line from the Kenai Peninsula was virtually undamaged. Petroleum supplies were disrupted, principally by breakage or loss of storage tanks caused by seismic vibration, slides, waves, and fire. Water-supply and sewer lines were also broken in many towns.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities (Professional Paper 545)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp545B","usgsCitation":"Eckel, E.B., 1967, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on air and water transport, communications, and utilities systems in south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 545, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp545B.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. Office-Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0545b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65658,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0545b/pp545b_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277807,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0545b/"},{"id":395996,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99037.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.8193359375,\n 56.68037378950137\n ],\n [\n -145.72265625,\n 56.68037378950137\n ],\n [\n -145.72265625,\n 63.93737246791484\n ],\n [\n -154.8193359375,\n 63.93737246791484\n ],\n [\n -154.8193359375,\n 56.68037378950137\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6106ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eckel, Edwin B.","contributorId":26680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckel","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38816,"text":"pp543G - 1967 - Surface faults on Montague Island associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38816,"text":"pp543G - 1967 - Surface faults on Montague Island associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake","indexId":"pp543G","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Surface faults on Montague Island associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T19:40:19.945281","indexId":"pp543G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"543","chapter":"G","title":"Surface faults on Montague Island associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake","docAbstract":"Two reverse faults on southwestern Montague Island in Prince William Sound were reactivated during the earthquake of March 27, 1964. New fault scarps, fissures, cracks, and flexures appeared in bedrock and unconsolidated surficial deposits along or near the fault traces. Average strike of the faults is between N. 37° E. and N. 47° E.; they dip northwest at angles ranging from 50° to 85°. The dominant motion was dip slip; the blocks northwest of the reactivated faults were relatively upthrown, and both blocks were upthrown relative to sea level. No other earthquake faults have been found on land.\n\nThe Patton Bay fault on land is a complex system of en echelon strands marked by a series of spectacular landslides along the scarp and (or) by a zone of fissures and flexures on the upthrown block that locally is as much as 3,000 feet wide. The fault can be traced on land for 22 miles, and it has been mapped on the sea floor to the southwest of Montague Island an additional 17 miles. The maximum measured vertical component of slip is 20 to 23 feet and the maximum indicated dip slip is about 26 feet. A left-lateral strike-slip component of less than 2 feet occurs near the southern end of the fault on land where its strike changes from northeast to north. Indirect evidence from the seismic sea waves and aftershocks associated with the earthquake, and from the distribution of submarine scarps, suggests that the faulting on and near Montague Island occurred at the northeastern end of a reactivated submarine fault system that may extend discontinuously for more than 300 miles from Montague Island to the area offshore of the southeast coast of Kodiak Island.\n\nThe Hanning Bay fault is a minor rupture only 4 miles long that is marked by an exceptionally well defined almost continuous scarp. The maximum measured vertical component of slip is 16⅓ feet near the midpoint, and the indicated dip slip is about 20 feet. There is a maximum left-lateral strike-slip component of one-half foot near the southern end of the scarp. Warping and extension cracking occurred in bedrock near the midpoint on the upthrown block within about 1,000 feet of the fault scarp.\n\nThe reverse faults on Montague Island and their postulated submarine extensions lie within a tectonically important narrow zone of crustal attenuation and maximum uplift associated with the earthquake. However, there are no significant lithologic differences in the rock sequences across these faults to suggest that they form major tectonic boundaries. Their spatial distribution relative to the regional uplift associated with the earthquake, the earthquake focal region, and the epicenter of the main shock suggest that they are probably subsidiary features rather than the causative faults along which the earthquake originated.\n\nApproximately 70 percent of the new breakage along the Patton Bay and the Hanning Bay faults on Montague Island was along obvious preexisting active fault traces. The estimated ages of undisturbed trees on and near the fault trace indicate that no major disc placement had occurred on these faults for at least 150 to 300 years before the 1964 earthquake.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Regional effects (Professional Paper 543)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp543G","usgsCitation":"Plafter, G., 1967, Surface faults on Montague Island associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 543, Report: vi, 42 p.; 2 Plates: 39.12 x 23.99 inches and 29.95 x 16.39 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp543G.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 42 p.; 2 Plates: 39.12 x 23.99 inches and 29.95 x 16.39 inches","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. 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No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6729","usgsCitation":"Brosge, W., Reiser, H.N., and Tailleur, I., 1967, Copper analysis of selected samples, southwest Brooks Range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-29, Report: 2 p.; 2 Plates; 17.54 × 12.29 inches and 17.44 × 17.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6729.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 2 Plates; 17.54 × 12.29 inches and 17.44 × 17.82 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110337,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52063.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"52063"},{"id":69370,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":69369,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0029/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":69368,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0029/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0029/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 68.2767\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 68.2767\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 67\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6863bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosge, W. P.","contributorId":58248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiser, H. N.","contributorId":13199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tailleur, I.L.","contributorId":59027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tailleur","given":"I.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44156,"text":"ofr6782 - 1967 - Surficial deposits of the Iliamna quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44156,"text":"ofr6782 - 1967 - Surficial deposits of the Iliamna quadrangle, Alaska","indexId":"ofr6782","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Surficial deposits of the Iliamna quadrangle, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":34196,"text":"b1368A - 1973 - Surficial deposits of the Iliamna quadrangle, Alaska","indexId":"b1368A","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Surficial deposits of the Iliamna quadrangle, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":34196,"text":"b1368A - 1973 - Surficial deposits of the Iliamna quadrangle, Alaska","indexId":"b1368A","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Surficial deposits of the Iliamna quadrangle, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"ofr6782","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-82","title":"Surficial deposits of the Iliamna quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6782","usgsCitation":"Detterman, R.L., and Reed, B.L., 1967, Surficial deposits of the Iliamna quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-82, 1 map :col. ;44 x 68 cm. + 1 explanation sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6782.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;44 x 68 cm. + 1 explanation sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106402,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8239.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8239"},{"id":161823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"200000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629af6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bruce L.","contributorId":19928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44709,"text":"ofr67197 - 1967 - Availability of palynological material from Naval Petroleum Reserve No.4, I: Simpson Test Well No. 1 and Simpson Core Tests Nos. 13 and 14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-28T21:44:11.944337","indexId":"ofr67197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-197","title":"Availability of palynological material from Naval Petroleum Reserve No.4, I: Simpson Test Well No. 1 and Simpson Core Tests Nos. 13 and 14","docAbstract":"

An extensive exploratory drilling program was carried out in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 in Northern Alaska between 1944 and 1953. Cores representing some 25,000 feet of drill hole from this program have been preserved at Fairbanks, Alaska.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr67197","usgsCitation":"Scott, R., 1967, Availability of palynological material from Naval Petroleum Reserve No.4, I: Simpson Test Well No. 1 and Simpson Core Tests Nos. 13 and 14: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-197, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr67197.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":419421,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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utilities"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":32615,"text":"pp545A - 1967 - Effect of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on the Eklutna Hydroelectric Project, Anchorage, Alaska, with a section on television examination of earthquake damage to underground communication and electrical systems in Anchorage","indexId":"pp545A","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Effect of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on the Eklutna Hydroelectric Project, Anchorage, Alaska, with a section on television examination of earthquake damage to underground communication and electrical systems in Anchorage"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048241,"text":"pp545 - 1967 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities","indexId":"pp545","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":38784,"text":"pp545B - 1967 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on air and water transport, communications, and utilities systems in south-central Alaska","indexId":"pp545B","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on air and water transport, communications, and utilities systems in south-central Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048241,"text":"pp545 - 1967 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities","indexId":"pp545","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":38785,"text":"pp545C - 1968 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on the Alaska highway system","indexId":"pp545C","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on the Alaska highway system"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048241,"text":"pp545 - 1967 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities","indexId":"pp545","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-24T15:06:22","indexId":"pp545","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-23T10:12:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"545","title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities","docAbstract":"This is the forth in a series of six reports that the U.S. Geological Survey published on the results of a comprehensive geologic study that began, as a reconnaissance survey, within 24 hours after the March 27, 1964, Magnitude 9.2 Great Alaska Earthquake and extended, as detailed investigations, through several field seasons. The 1964 Great Alaska earthquake was the largest earthquake in the U.S. since 1700. Professional Paper 545, in 4 parts, describes the effects on transportation, communications, and utilities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/pp545","usgsCitation":"Logan, M.H., Burton, L.R., Eckel, E.B., Kachadoorian, R., McCulloch, D.S., and Bonilla, M.G., 1967, The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 545, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp545.","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. Office-Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277798,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0545/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd76c7e4b0b2908510b1d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Logan, Malcolm H.","contributorId":42127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Lynn R.","contributorId":103962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eckel, Edwin B.","contributorId":26680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckel","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kachadoorian, Reuben","contributorId":24336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kachadoorian","given":"Reuben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCulloch, David S. dmccullo@usgs.gov","contributorId":3100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"David","email":"dmccullo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonilla, Manuel G.","contributorId":74384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonilla","given":"Manuel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70197629,"text":"70197629 - 1967 - Devonian rocks of the Yukon-Porcupine Rivers area and their tectonic relation to other Devonian sequences in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-14T08:52:54","indexId":"70197629","displayToPublicDate":"1967-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Devonian rocks of the Yukon-Porcupine Rivers area and their tectonic relation to other Devonian sequences in Alaska","docAbstract":"

Devonian rocks along the Yukon River near the Alaska-Yukon boundary comprise 250 feet of limestone and shale and 800 feet of chert and siliceous shale, all referred to the McCann Hill Chert of Early to Late Devonian age; about 3,000 feet of non-marine chert-pebble conglomerate, graywacke, and shale of the Nation River Formation (Late Devonian); and about 3,000 feet of an unnamed chert and siliceous shale formation, of Late Devonian to Early or Late Mississippian age. The McCann Hill Chert apparently rests disconformably on graptolitic shale of the Road River Formation that has a succession of graptolite zones ranging in age from Ordovician to possibly Early Devonian.

The Devonian succession along the Porcupine River, 170 miles north of the Yukon River locality, consists of 600 feet of Salmon-trout Limestone, overlain by 200 feet of unnamed shale and about 500 feet of unnamed dolomite. The Salmontrout Limestone rests accordantly and probably conformably on graptolitic shale with Monograptus hercynicus of Late Silurian or Early Devonian age, and the dolomite is overlain unconformably by limestone and shale of Carboniferous age.

Tentaculitid faunas from the top of the Salmontrout Limestone and from the basal limestone and shale member of the McCann Hill Chert are similar and indicate that the units are partly correlative. These faunas and others throughout the Salmontrout resemble those from the Lower Devonian of Bohemia, indicating that the Salmontrout Limestone and the limestone and shale member of the McCann Hill Chert are somewhat older than previously reported. The faunas, and those from the underlying graptolitic shales, also suggest that sedimentation in this area of Alaska was nearly continuous from Late Silurian into the Earliest Devonian, and that there is little record of Caledonian earth movements.

The stratigraphy of the Porcupine River area is not as yet well enough established to determine if rocks equivalent in age to the Nation River Formation are present, were once present and have since been eroded, or were never deposited.

Pillow basalt and andesitic breccia, although closely associated with Devonian limestone in the western part of the Yukon-Porcupine Rivers area, seem only structurally related and of different age.

Devonian rocks in southern and southeastern Alaska consist of several thousand feet of graywacke, shale and volcanic rocks deposited in the northern Cordilleran geosyncline. A combination of strike-slip and thrust faults of Tertiary and Mesozoic age may have since displaced the Devonian geosynclinal rocks relatively northward into central Alaska.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium of the Devonian system: Papers","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium of the Devonian system","conferenceDate":"1967","conferenceLocation":"Calgary, CA","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","usgsCitation":"Churkin, M., and Brabb, E.E., 1967, Devonian rocks of the Yukon-Porcupine Rivers area and their tectonic relation to other Devonian sequences in Alaska, in International Symposium of the Devonian system: Papers, v. 2, Calgary, CA, 1967, p. 227-258.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"2","tableOfContents":"


","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Churkin, Michael Jr.","contributorId":62566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churkin","given":"Michael","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":48939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210847,"text":"70210847 - 1967 - Viscosity and finite strength of the mantle as determined from water and ice loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-29T16:18:51.948045","indexId":"70210847","displayToPublicDate":"1967-11-01T11:07:12","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viscosity and finite strength of the mantle as determined from water and ice loads","docAbstract":"

Some recent examples of transient Earth loads (Lake Bonneville, Utah; Glacier Bay, Alaska; northeast Greenland) indicate that both the viscosity and finite strength of the mantle are lower than is commonly presumed. A time constant (1/e) of 4000 years is estimated for Lake Bonneville, and of 1000 years for northeast Greenland. A strain rate of 10−14 is typical. These figures imply viscosities in a homogeneous half space ranging from 1020 to 1021 poises.

An upper limit of finite strength is set by Lake Bonneville at a few times 106 dyn/cm2. If mountain ranges like the Sierra Nevada or Himalaya are regarded as dynamically supported rather than static systems, this low value is not incompatible with other geologic observations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1967.tb06243.x","usgsCitation":"Crittenden, M.D., 1967, Viscosity and finite strength of the mantle as determined from water and ice loads: Geophysical Journal International, v. 14, no. 1-4, p. 261-279, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1967.tb06243.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"279","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1967.tb06243.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":375982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland, United States","state":"Alaska, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay, Lake Bonneville, Mesters Vig","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -24.5159912109375,\n 71.99003064007077\n ],\n [\n -23.52996826171875,\n 71.99003064007077\n ],\n [\n -23.52996826171875,\n 72.36577662200845\n ],\n [\n -24.5159912109375,\n 72.36577662200845\n ],\n [\n -24.5159912109375,\n 71.99003064007077\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -135.087890625,\n 59.567723306212955\n ],\n [\n -137.691650390625,\n 58.802361927759456\n ],\n [\n -136.0546875,\n 57.54531289147553\n ],\n [\n -134.80224609375,\n 56.19448087726972\n ],\n [\n -132.37426757812497,\n 57.00485033534416\n ],\n [\n -133.59375,\n 58.45348121776238\n ],\n [\n -135.087890625,\n 59.361195471124816\n ],\n [\n -135.087890625,\n 59.567723306212955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.3896484375,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -111.39038085937499,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -111.39038085937499,\n 43.04480541304369\n ],\n [\n -114.3896484375,\n 43.04480541304369\n ],\n [\n -114.3896484375,\n 39.13006024213511\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crittenden, Max D. Jr.","contributorId":28951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crittenden","given":"Max","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209344,"text":"70209344 - 1967 - Post-paleozoic radiometric ages and their relevance to fault movements, Northern Southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-01T12:13:03","indexId":"70209344","displayToPublicDate":"1967-04-01T12:02:43","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-paleozoic radiometric ages and their relevance to fault movements, Northern Southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"

Recently determined lead-alpha and potassium-argon ages from northern southeastern Alaska indicate major plutonic events in the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary; in contrast, previous studies suggested that only one complex Jurassic and Cretaceous event occurred. The ages presented in this paper indicate the following Mesozoic and Tertiary plutonic events: Middle or Late Jurassic (144–164 m.y.); Early Cretaceous (103–117 m.y.); Eocene (42–48 m.y.); and Oligocene to Miocene (24–31 m.y.). The present data show no distinctive a real pattern for the Mesozoic plutons, but those of known Tertiary age are restricted to Baranof and Kruzof islands, a distribution that suggests a belt of Tertiary plutonism along the margin of the Pacific Ocean.

Stratigraphic evidence and radiometric ages indicate that Baranof Island and possibly Chichagof Island have been uplifted several kilometers since Miocene time, whereas Admiralty Island to the east appears to have been relatively stable since Paleocene time. This movement apparently took place on the north-striking Chatham Strait fault, which separates the islands, and probably also had a large right-lateral component. Northwest-striking faults in Chichagof and Baranof islands were probably active during at least part of the movement on the Chatham Strait fault. Movement on one of the northwest-striking faults, the Patterson Bay fault of Baranof Island, took place some time between the Eocene and the Miocene and produced a 5-km, right-lateral separation.

The inferred uplift of Baranof Island relative to Admiralty Island is based on the present-day exposure on Baranof Island of mesozonal Tertiary plutons, which were probably intruded at a depth of several kilometers, contrasted with the present-day exposure on Admiralty Island of continental sedimentary and volcanic rocks that were being deposited near sea level during the Tertiary. The uplift of the Baranof Island plutons to the surface in post-Miocene time contrasts sharply with the stable or weakly negative tectonic conditions that have prevailed on Admiralty Island since the Paleocene.

","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1967)78[511:PRAATR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Loney, R.A., Brew, D.A., and Lanphere, M.A., 1967, Post-paleozoic radiometric ages and their relevance to fault movements, Northern Southeastern Alaska: GSA Bulletin, v. 78, no. 4, p. 511-526, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1967)78[511:PRAATR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"526","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northern Southeastern Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.7138671875,\n 54.09806018306312\n ],\n [\n -131.94580078125,\n 54.09806018306312\n ],\n [\n -131.94580078125,\n 58.297944045474146\n ],\n [\n -136.7138671875,\n 58.297944045474146\n ],\n [\n -136.7138671875,\n 54.09806018306312\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brew, David A. dbrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":3244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"David","email":"dbrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":33719,"text":"b1242E - 1967 - Coal resources of the Cape Lisburne-Colville River region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-03T22:56:57.772461","indexId":"b1242E","displayToPublicDate":"1967-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1242","chapter":"E","title":"Coal resources of the Cape Lisburne-Colville River region, Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1242E","usgsCitation":"Barnes, F.F., 1967, Coal resources of the Cape Lisburne-Colville River region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1242, Report: iii, 37 p.; 1 Plate: 30.14 x 19.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1242E.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 37 p.; 1 Plate: 30.14 x 19.48 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1242e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":96075,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1242e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":96074,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1242e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109668,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21324.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21324"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cape Lisburne-Colville River region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 71\n ],\n [\n -166.417,\n 71\n ],\n [\n -166.417,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 71\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Farrell F.","contributorId":58624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Farrell","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011596,"text":"70011596 - 1967 - The Alaska earthquake of 1964","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T21:15:18.223255","indexId":"70011596","displayToPublicDate":"1967-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Alaska earthquake of 1964","docAbstract":"

Now that the dust has settled it is possible to assess the long term effects of the Alaskan earthquake on March 27, both on the activities of man and on the wild life of the State.

","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/215348a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Hansen, W.R., 1967, The Alaska earthquake of 1964: Nature, v. 215, no. 5099, p. 348-351, https://doi.org/10.1038/215348a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"351","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 69.59589006237648\n ],\n [\n -144.05273437499997,\n 70.61261423801925\n ],\n [\n -152.05078125,\n 71.18775391813158\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 71.63599288330609\n ],\n [\n -163.740234375,\n 70.95969716686398\n ],\n [\n -166.81640625,\n 69.2249968541159\n ],\n [\n -167.87109375,\n 66.8265202749748\n ],\n [\n -167.080078125,\n 65.5129625532949\n ],\n [\n -166.025390625,\n 64.32087157990324\n ],\n [\n -166.55273437499997,\n 61.81466389468391\n ],\n [\n -166.81640625,\n 59.7563950493563\n ],\n [\n -164.70703125,\n 59.355596110016315\n ],\n [\n -166.46484375,\n 56.12106042504407\n ],\n [\n -170.068359375,\n 53.12040528310657\n ],\n [\n -166.640625,\n 53.4357192066942\n ],\n [\n -158.37890625,\n 54.36775852406841\n ],\n [\n -148.88671874999997,\n 58.44773280389084\n ],\n [\n -145.810546875,\n 60.413852350464914\n ],\n [\n -139.39453125,\n 58.53959476664049\n ],\n [\n -130.95703125,\n 52.482780222078226\n ],\n [\n -130.341796875,\n 55.677584411089526\n ],\n [\n -132.01171875,\n 57.136239319177434\n ],\n [\n -135.52734375,\n 59.57885104663186\n ],\n [\n -137.98828125,\n 59.40036514079251\n ],\n [\n -139.306640625,\n 60.06484046010452\n ],\n [\n -140.537109375,\n 60.37042901631508\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 69.59589006237648\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"215","issue":"5099","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba671e4b08c986b321124","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, W. R.","contributorId":59378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011610,"text":"70011610 - 1967 - Geomagnetic polarity epochs: Nunivak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T21:00:54.675165","indexId":"70011610","displayToPublicDate":"1967-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomagnetic polarity epochs: Nunivak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"

New paleomagnetic and potassium-argon dating measurements have been made of basalt flows from Nunivak Island, Alaska, with the following results. (1) The best estimate of the age of the Brunhes/Matuyama polarity epoch boundary is found to be 0.694 m.y. (2) The best estimate of the age of the Gauss/Gilbert boundary is 3.32 m.y. (3) Three normally magnetized flows with ages from 0.93 to 0.88 m.y. are in accord with previous estimates of the age and duration of the Jaramillo normal event. (4) One normally magnetized flow with an age of 1.65 ± 0.09 m.y. supplies additional evidence for the Gilsá normal event. (5) Two new normal events are identified within the Gilbert reversed epoch, the “Cochiti normal event” with an age of 3.7 m.y. and the “Nunivak normal event” with an age of 4.1 m.y.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(67)90031-3","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Cox, A., and Dalrymple, G.B., 1967, Geomagnetic polarity epochs: Nunivak Island, Alaska: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 3, no. C, p. 173-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(67)90031-3.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nunivak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.70629882812497,\n 59.689926220143356\n ],\n [\n -165.355224609375,\n 59.689926220143356\n ],\n [\n -165.355224609375,\n 60.40842760045753\n ],\n [\n -167.70629882812497,\n 60.40842760045753\n ],\n [\n -167.70629882812497,\n 59.689926220143356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a275de4b0c8380cd597fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, A.","contributorId":89266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048246,"text":"pp544 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on hydrologic regimen","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":32612,"text":"pp544B - 1966 - Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on the hydrology of the Anchorage area, Alaska","indexId":"pp544B","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on the hydrology of the Anchorage area, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048246,"text":"pp544 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on hydrologic regimen","indexId":"pp544","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on hydrologic regimen"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":38819,"text":"pp544A - 1966 - Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on the hydrology of south-central Alaska","indexId":"pp544A","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on the hydrology of south-central Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048246,"text":"pp544 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on hydrologic regimen","indexId":"pp544","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on hydrologic regimen"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-24T15:04:06","indexId":"pp544","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-18T14:20:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"544","title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on hydrologic regimen","docAbstract":"This is the fourth in a series of six reports that the U.S. Geological Survey published on the results of a comprehensive geologic study that began, as a reconnaissance survey, within 24 hours after the March 27, 1964, Magnitude 9.2 Great Alaska Earthquake and extended, as detailed investigations, through several field seasons. The 1964 Great Alaska earthquake was the largest earthquake in the U.S. since 1700. Professional Paper 544, in 5 parts, describes the effects on hydrologic regimen.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/pp544","usgsCitation":"Waller, R., Coble, R.W., Post, A., McGarr, A., and Vorhis, R.C., 1966, The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on hydrologic regimen: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 544, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp544.","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. Office-Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277826,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0544/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd76c7e4b0b2908510b1d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Roger M.","contributorId":90353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Roger M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coble, R. W.","contributorId":49380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coble","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post, Austin","contributorId":90709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"Austin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGarr, Arthur","contributorId":102548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vorhis, Robert C.","contributorId":52555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vorhis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5221286,"text":"5221286 - 1966 - Bald eagle pesticide relations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-06T14:59:11.630824","indexId":"5221286","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:35","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5322,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","printIssn":"0078-1355","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Bald eagle pesticide relations","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"31st North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"March 14-16, 1966","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Stickel, L., Chura, N., Stewart, P., Menzie, C.M., Prouty, R.M., and Reichel, W.L., 1966, Bald eagle pesticide relations, in Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 31, Pittsburgh, PA, March 14-16, 1966, p. 190-200.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"200","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390257,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlifemanagement.institute/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Vermont","city":"Haines, Vernon","otherGeospatial":"Chilkat River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -135.53695678710938,\n 59.187536987785236\n ],\n [\n -135.32546997070312,\n 59.187536987785236\n ],\n [\n -135.32546997070312,\n 59.242712461323286\n ],\n [\n -135.53695678710938,\n 59.242712461323286\n ],\n [\n -135.53695678710938,\n 59.187536987785236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.65808105468749,\n 42.67738750800699\n ],\n [\n -72.3779296875,\n 42.67738750800699\n ],\n [\n -72.3779296875,\n 42.817566071581616\n ],\n [\n -72.65808105468749,\n 42.817566071581616\n ],\n [\n -72.65808105468749,\n 42.67738750800699\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aa6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chura, N.J.","contributorId":8571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chura","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, P.A.","contributorId":12133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Menzie, C. M.","contributorId":67608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prouty, R. M.","contributorId":31349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reichel, W. L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":38850,"text":"pp543E - 1966 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, in the Copper River Basin area, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38850,"text":"pp543E - 1966 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, in the Copper River Basin area, Alaska","indexId":"pp543E","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, in the Copper River Basin area, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T20:57:58.244609","indexId":"pp543E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"543","chapter":"E","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, in the Copper River Basin area, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Copper River Basin area is in south-central Alaska and covers 17,800 square miles. It includes most of the Copper River Basin and parts of the surrounding Alaska Range and the Talkeetna, Chugach, and Wrangell Mountains.\n\nOn March 27, 1964, shortly after 5:36 p.m. Alaska standard time, a great earthquake having a Richter magnitude of about 8.5 struck south-central Alaska. Computations by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey place the epicenter of the main shock at lat 61.1° N. and long 147.7° W., and the hypocenter, or actual point of origin, from 20 to 50 kilometers below the surface. The epicenter is near the western shore of Unakwik Inlet in northern Prince William Sound; it is 30 miles from the closest point within the area of study and 180 miles from the farthest point.\n\nReleveling data obtained in 1964 after the earthquake indicates that broad areas of south-central Alaska were warped by uplift and subsidence. The configuration of these areas generally parallels the trend of the major tectonic elements of the region. Presumably a large part of this change took place during and immediately after the 1964 earthquake.\n\nThe water level in several wells in the area lowered appreciably, and the water in many became turbid; generally, however, within a few days after the earthquake the water level returned to normal and the suspended sediment settled out. Newspaper reports that the Copper River was completely dammed and Tazlina Lake drained proved erroneous.\n\nThe ice on most lakes was cracked, especially around the margins of the lakes where floating ice broke free from the ice frozen to the shore. Ice on Tazlina, Klutina, and Tonsina Lakes was intensely fractured by waves generated by sublacustrine landslides off the fronts of deltas. These waves stranded large blocks of ice above water level along the shores. River ice was generally cracked in the southern half of the area and was locally cracked in the northern half.\n\nIn the area of study, the majority of the ground cracks occurred within a radius of 100 miles from the epicenter of the earthquake. Ground cracks formed in flood plains of rivers, in deltas, and along the toes of alluvial fans. They also occurred locally in low terraces adjacent to flood plains, in highway and other fill material, along the margins of lakes, along the faces of steep slopes of river bluffs and hillsides, and in areas cleared of vegetation for several years.\n\nThe ground cracks were restricted to areas underlain by unconsolidated deposits where one or more of the following conditions existed: (1) permafrost was absent or deep lying, (2) the ground-water table was near the surface, (3) bedrock was relatively deep lying, and (4) slopes were steep. Because the earthquake occurred in March, seasonal frost was present throughout the area.\n\nDespite the diversity of local conditions, the origin of most of the ground cracks can be explained by the following mechanisms: (1) lateral extension, caused by materials moving toward an unconfined face such as a lakeshore, river bluff, hillside, or terrace escarpment; (2) horizontal compaction, caused by repeated alternate compression and dilation (in the horizontal direction) of materials in flat-lying areas where there are no unconfined faces; (3) differential vertical compaction, caused by the shaking of materials that vary laterally in thickness or character; and (4) combinations of the above.\n\nSnowslides, avalanches, and rockslides were restricted to the mountainous areas surrounding the Copper River Basin. They were especially numerous in the Chugach Mountains which are closest to the epicenter of the earthquake. The large amount of snow and rock debris that has cascaded onto the icefield and glaciers of these mountains, and, probably even more important, the overall disturbance to the ice field will affect the regimen of the glaciers.\n\nMost of the damage to manmade structures occurred in the southern half of the area, and, primarily because of the sparsity of population and manmade structures, property damage was not great and no lives were lost.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects (Professional Paper 543)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp543E","usgsCitation":"Ferrians, O.J., 1966, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, in the Copper River Basin area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 543, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp543E.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. 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Jr.","contributorId":42952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrians","given":"Oscar","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38819,"text":"pp544A - 1966 - Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on the hydrology of south-central Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38819,"text":"pp544A - 1966 - Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on the hydrology of south-central Alaska","indexId":"pp544A","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on the hydrology of south-central Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048246,"text":"pp544 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on hydrologic regimen","indexId":"pp544","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on hydrologic regimen"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048246,"text":"pp544 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on hydrologic regimen","indexId":"pp544","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on hydrologic regimen"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T20:52:49.535943","indexId":"pp544A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"544","chapter":"A","title":"Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on the hydrology of south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The earthquake of March 27, 1964, greatly affected the hydrology of Alaska and many other parts of the world. Its far-reaching effects were recorded as water-level fluctuations in gages operated on water wells and streams. The close-in effects were even more striking, however; sediment-laden ground water erupted at the surface, and even ice-covered lakes and streams responded by seiching. Lake and river ice was broken for distances of 450 miles from the epicenter by seismic shock and seiche action. The surging action temporarily dewatered some lakes. Fissuring of streambeds and lakeshores, in particular, caused a loss of water, and hydrologic recovery took weeks in some places. Landslides and snow avalanches temporarily blocked streams and diverted some permanently. The only stream or lake structures damaged were a tunnel intake and two earthen dams. The winter conditions-low stages of water and the extensive ice cover on lakes and streams-at the time of the earthquake greatly reduced the damaging potential. Ground water was drastically affected mostly in unconsolidated aquifers for at least 160 miles from the epicenter. Within 100 miles of the epicenter, vast quantities of sediment-laden water were ejected in most of the flood plains of the glaciofluvial valleys. A shallow water table and confinement by frost seemed to be requirements for the ejections, which were commonly associated with cratering and subsidence of the unconsolidated material. Subsidence was also common near the disastrous submarine landslides, and was probably caused by loss of water pressure and by lateral spreading of sediments. Effects on ground water in bedrock were not determinable because of lack of data and accessibility, particularly within 50 miles of the epicenter. Deep aquifers in unconsolidated sediments, which in most areas are under high hydrostatic pressure, were also greatly affected. Postearthquake water levels for a year were compared with long-term prequake levels to show permanent changes in an aquifer system. At Anchorage and in parts of the kenai Peninsula, artesian-pressure levels dropped as much as 15 feet. These lower pressures were probably caused either by grain rearrangement which increased the porosity within the aquifer or by a displacement of material that allowed water to discharge more freely at the submarine terminus of the aquifer. Seismically induced pressure on ground water was instrumental in causing most of the disastrous slides. Water quality was not changed except for temporary increases in turbidity in wells and streams. The sediment load in streams during the April spring run-off appeared to be greatly increased over previous years.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on the hydrologic regimen (Professional Paper 544)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/pp544A","usgsCitation":"Waller, R., 1966, Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on the hydrology of south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 544, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp544A.","productDescription":"28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. 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The March 27, 1964, earthquake shook the Homer area for about 3 minutes. Land effects consisted of a 2- to 6-foot subsidence of the mainland and Homer Spit, one earthflow at the mouth of a canyon, several landslides on the Homer escarpment and along the sea bluffs, and minor fissuring of the ground, principally at the edges of bluffs and on Homer Spit. Hydrologic effects consisted of at least one and possibly two submarine landslides at the end of the spit, seiche waves in Kachemak Bay, ice breakage on Beluga Lake, sanding of wells, and a temporary loss of water in some wells.

\n
\n

Seismic damage to the community was light in comparison with that of other communities closer to the epicenter. One submarine landslide, however, took out most of the harbor breakwater. The greatest damage was due to the subsidence of the spit, both tectonically (2–3 ft) and by differential compaction or lateral spreading (an additional 1–4 ft). Higher tides now flood much of the spit. The harbor and dock had to be replaced, and buildings on the end of the spit had to be elevated. Protection works for other buildings and the highway were needed. These works included application of fill to raise the highway and parts of the spit above high tides. Reconstruction costs and disaster loans totaled about $2½ million, but this amount includes added improvement costs over preexisting values.

\n
\n

Homer Spit in particular and the Homer area in general rank as areas where precautions must be taken in selecting building sites. The hazards of landslides, earthflows, compaction and submarine slumping—all of which might be triggered by an earthquake—should be considered in site selection.

\n
\n

In plan, Homer Spit resembles a scimitar with its curving blade pointed seaward. It is about 4 miles long and as much as 1,500 feet wide. The spit is composed largely of gravel intermixed with some sand.

\n
\n

After the earthquake and the resulting tectonic subsidence and compaction, much of the spit was below high-tide levels and consequently flooded periodically. The entire beach face has retreated. Much of the material eroded from the beach has been redeposited to form a new storm or frontal berm, locally migrating around buildings and covering roads. Beach recession of 10–15 feet is probably the overall average; maximum recession 1 year after the earthquake was 56 feet along one limited section of the distal end of the spit.

\n
\n

Subsidence of the mainland has caused accelerated erosion of the beaches and headlands that have been—and are—source areas for the material deposited on Homer Spit. The resulting increased supply of gravel and sand probably will cause the spit to widen gradually on the Cook Inlet side. Similarly, the new frontal berm will probably grow to a height sufficient to prevent overtopping by all but the larger storm swashes. The nature of shore processes on the spit has not been materially altered by subsidence, but the rates of erosion and deposition have been accelerated. The lasting effect of subsidence (excluding flooding) will be enlargement of the beach on the Cook Inlet side and gradual wasting of the beach on the bay side of the spit.

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Immediate but temporary effects included increased stream discharge, seiche action on lakes, and fluctuations in ground-water levels. Generally, ground-water levels were residually lowered after the initial period of fluctuation. This lowering is attributed either to changes in the discharge zones offshore or to a change in the permeability of the aquifers by seismically induced strain. Water supplies were disrupted temporarily by snowslides on streams and by sanding or turbidity in wells. Salt-water encroachment to wells on Fire Island seems to have increased. The approximate 3.7-foot lowering of land level and the diminished artesian head may permit further salt-water encroachment. Increased pore pressure in the Pleistocene Bootlegger Cove Clay led to liquefaction in silt and sand lenses that contributed to the disastrous bluff landslides. Measurements after the earthquake indicate that most pore pressures are declining, whereas some remain high or are increasing. Subsidence in the area was caused principally by tectonic readjustment, but differential compaction within the Bootlegger Cove Clay contributed to subsidences estimated to be as much as 0.6 foot beneath Anchorage.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on the hydrologic regimen (Professional Paper 544)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/pp544B","usgsCitation":"Waller, R., 1966, Effects of the March 1964 Alaska earthquake on the hydrology of the Anchorage area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 544, Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 37.13 x 41.12 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp544B.","productDescription":"Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 37.13 x 41.12 inches","numberOfPages":"18","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. 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Valdez is situated on the seaward edge of a large outwash delta composed of a thick section of saturated silty sand and gravel. The earthquake of March 27, 1964, triggered a massive submarine slide, involving approximately 98 million cubic yards of material that destroyed the harbor facilities and nearshore installations. Waves generated by the slide and subsequent strong seiches did additional damage in the downtown area. Stresses generated by the seismic shocks and the slide developed an extensive system of fissures throughout the unconsolidated deposits at the head of the fiord. These fissures plus the shocks caused structural damage to many of the buildings in Valdez and destroyed the sewer and water systems. Removal of support from the face of the delta by submarine sliding allowed some of the material to move seaward and caused parts of the shore area to subside below high-tide level.

\n
\n

A site for relocating the town of Valdez has been designated. It is situated on the Mineral Creek fan--an area underlain by coarse alluvial gravel. This relocation site is protected from sea waves by a series of bedrock ridges and islands that also provide a resistant buttress retaining and protecting the toe of the fan from danger of sliding or slumping. The absence of evidence of ground breakage on the Mineral Creek fan indicates that the coarse subsoils at the relocation site react favorably under seismic conditions.

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Sliding removed protruding parts of deltas-often the youngest parts-and steepened delta fronts, increasing the chances of further sliding. Fathograms show that debris from large slides spread widely over the lake floor, some reaching the toe of the opposite shore; at one place debris traveled 5,000 feet over the horizontal lake floor.\n\nSlides generated two kinds of local waves: a backfill and far-shore wave. Backfill waves were formed by water that rushed toward the delta to fill the void left by the sinking slide mass, overtopped the slide scrap, and came ashore over the delta. Some backfill waves had runup heights of 30 feet and ran inland more than 300 feet, uprooting and breaking off large trees. Far-shore waves hit the shore opposite the slides. They were formed by slide debris that crossed the lake floor and forced water ahead of it, which then ran up the opposite slope, burst above the lake surface, and struck the shore. One far-shore wave had a runup height of 72 feet.\n\nKenai Lake was tilted and seiched; a power spectrum analysis of a limnogram shows a wave having the period of the calculated uninodal seiche (36 minutes) and several shorter period waves. In constricted and shallow reaches, waves caused by seiching had 20- and 30-foot runup heights.\n\nDeep lateral spreading of sediments toward delta margins displaced deeply driven railroad-bridge piles, and set up stress fields in the surface sediments which resulted in the formation of many shear and some tension fractures on the surface of two deltas.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Regional effects (Professional Paper 543)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp543A","usgsCitation":"McCulloch, D.S., 1966, Slide-induced waves, seiching and ground fracturing caused by the earthquake of March 27, 1964 at Kenai Lake, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 543, Report: vi, 41 p.; 2 Plates: 49.5 x 17.5 inches and 20.9 x 16.87 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp543A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 41 p.; 2 Plates: 49.5 x 17.5 inches and 20.9 x 16.87 inches","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. 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No abstract available.

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No abstract available.

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This report summarizes the storage capacities and related data of reservoirs and controlled natural lakes for the contermimous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Data are given for all storage facilities having a usable capacity of 5,000 acre-feet or more and completed or under construction as of Jan 1, 1963.

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