{"pageNumber":"403","pageRowStart":"10050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":192,"text":"wsp1954 - 1969 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1964, Parts 1 and 2, North Atlantic slope basins and South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp1954","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1954","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1964, Parts 1 and 2, North Atlantic slope basins and South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1954","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1964, Parts 1 and 2, North Atlantic slope basins and South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1954, xiii, 606 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1954.","productDescription":"xiii, 606 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1954/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24803,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1954/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651aa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16403,"text":"ofr69309 - 1969 - An analysis of gravity data in Area 12, Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T20:08:52.024588","indexId":"ofr69309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-309","title":"An analysis of gravity data in Area 12, Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"The gravity data available from Healey and Miller (1963a) were augmented by new observations along three profiles through two new  drill holes in Area 12; UEI2t #1 and UEI2p #1. The data were interpreted to allow evaluation of the geologic structure prior to the planning and excavation of two proposed tunnel complexes, Ul2t and Ul2p.\r\n\r\nDensity values for each of six rock units were determined to allow a two-dimensional analysis of the gravity data along the above-mentioned profiles. The surficial rocks of Quaternary and Tertiary age and the Tertiary volcanic rocks have a weighted average density of 1.86 gm/cc. The density of the caprock at Rainier and Aqueduct Mesas ranges from 2.17 gm/cc at UEI2p #1 to 2.27 gm/cc at UEI2t #1. The Gold Meadows stock and the associated Precambrian quartzite have an arithmetic average density of 2.60 gm/cc for all samples measured.  The middle Paleozoic dolomite in Area 12 has an arithmetic average density of 2.75 gm/cc. The clastic rocks of Paleozoic age have an arithmetic average density of 2.60 gm/cc.   \r\n\r\nInterpretation of the residual gravity data indicates a maximum thickness of about 2,800 feet for all Tertiary volcanic rocks.  A normal fault striking N. 30 ? E. disrupts the pre-Cenozoic  surface at UEI2p #1 and 0.4 mile east of UEI2t #1. The throw within rock of Paleozoic age is about 400-500 feet. Another normal fault that strikes about N. 20 ? E. is located about 1.5 miles east of UEI2p #1.  The throw of this fault is at least 1,100 feet in rocks of pre-Cenozoic age.\r\n\r\nElevation contours representing the pre-Cenozoic surface in Area 12 show a maximum relief of about 2,000 feet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69309","usgsCitation":"Wahl, R.R., 1969, An analysis of gravity data in Area 12, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-309, Report: iii, 23 p.; 3 Plates: 42.76 x 29.41 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69309.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 23 p.; 3 Plates: 42.76 x 29.41 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493049,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8426.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":45377,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45376,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0309/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45375,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0309/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45374,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0309/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0309/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Area 12, Nevada Test Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.25,\n              37.265\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25,\n              37.164\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.083,\n              37.164\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.083,\n              37.265\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25,\n              37.265\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, R. R.","contributorId":27462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":68195,"text":"ha307 - 1969 - Water resources of the Buffalo River Watershed, West-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T09:59:47","indexId":"ha307","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"307","title":"Water resources of the Buffalo River Watershed, West-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The Buffalo River watershed includes two general physiographic areas &ndash; a glacial lake plain and an glacial moraine.</p>\n<p>The lake plain, which was formed by Glacial lake Agassiz more than 9,000 years ago, is extremely flat &ndash; sloping only a few feet per mile westward near the Red River of the North. The moraine is largely an area of gently rolling hills, but in the eastern &ldquo;tail&rdquo; of the watershed the relief locally is over two hundred feet.</p>\n<p>The watershed has an area of about 1,690 square miles and includes most of Clay County and parts of Wilkin, Otter Tail, Becker, and Norman Counties. The population of the area is about 45,500 &ndash; 31,000 urban and 14,500 rural.</p>\n<p>The economy is largely agricultural. Sugar beet and wheat farming are dominant in the areas of clay and silt; potato farming is confined mainly to the sandy areas. Dairying and stock raising is important in the morainal area. The larger industries are located in Moorhead and consist of sugar beet, potato, and dairy product processing.</p>\n<p>Water-based recreation consists mostly of fishing in the larger lakes in the morainal area, and water-fowl hunting in the area of prairie potholes &ndash; the western part of the morainal area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ha307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters, Soils and Minerals","usgsCitation":"Maclay, R.W., Bidwell, L.E., and Winter, T.C., 1969, Water resources of the Buffalo River Watershed, West-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 307, 3 Plates: 40.00 x 42.72 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha307.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 40.00 x 42.72 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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E.","contributorId":100029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidwell","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":34790,"text":"b1271E - 1969 - Pecos National Monument, New Mexico: Its geologic setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-22T21:27:07.716549","indexId":"b1271E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1271","chapter":"E","title":"Pecos National Monument, New Mexico: Its geologic setting","docAbstract":"The ruins of the pueblos and missions of Pecos lie on the east bank of Glorieta Creek near its junction with the Pecos River at the south end of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in north-central New Mexico. Here the Pecos River and Glorieta Creek have formed a broad rolling valley in which the red adobe walls of the mission church stand as a striking monument to a historic past.\r\n\r\nThis is beautiful country; the bright hues of red rocks are complemented by the varied greens of the junipers, pi?ons, and ponderosa pines. Northward the Sangre de Cristo Mountains stretch for miles in a blue mist toward the Truchas Peaks and forests of the Pecos Wilderness. A few miles south of the ruins the steep high escarpment of Glorieta Mesa marks, in a general way, the southern termination of the Rocky Mountain System, which here is represented by the Sangre de Cristos.\r\n\r\nThe escarpment of Glorieta Mesa has been formed largely by the Pecos River and its tributaries eroding the soft sedimentary layers. The Pecos flows southward from the high mountains in the north, parallels the mesa escarpment for 15 miles, and breaches the mesa near San Jose. About 1-1/2 miles southwest of the Pecos ruins at Cerro de Escobas is the highest point on Glorieta Mesa. It is the most conspicuous feature of the local landscape and rises to an elevation of 8,212 feet - 1,270 feet above the ruins. The slope of the escarpment here is very steep, rising 6 feet in every 10 horizontal feet.\r\n\r\nAlong the north side of the Glorieta Mesa escarpment is a 30-mile-long natural pass around the south end of the Sangre de Cristos that extends from Canoncito on the west to Starvation Peak on the east (fig. 1). The elevation of the pass is greater than 6,000 feet at all places, and it reaches its summit of 7,432 feet near the village of Glorieta near the west end of the pass. This pass has been used as a major travel route for more than 800 years by the Indians, Spanish, and Americans. The famous Santa Fe Trail passed through here and was superseded by the railroad, whose main-line tracks closely parallel the traces of the old wagon ruts. The modern four-lane divided highway, Interstate Highway I-25, carries high-speed automotive traffic through Glorieta Pass alongside the Santa Fe Railway. Glorieta Pass has been the locale of many important historical events, including the passage of Coronado's expedition in 1540-41; the construction of the two large mission churches at Pecos Pueblo; the capture and imprisonment of the men of the Texas Expedition in 1841; the passage of the American Army under General Kearny on its way to Santa Fe, Chihuahua, and California in 1846; and the Civil War Battle of Glorieta Pass in 1862.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to general geology, 1968","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1271E","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.B., 1969, Pecos National Monument, New Mexico: Its geologic setting: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1271, Report: iii, 11 p.; 1 Plate: 12.00 × 10.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1271E.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 11 p.; 1 Plate: 12.00 × 10.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":109683,"rank":699,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21363.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21363"},{"id":62688,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1271e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62687,"rank":399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1271e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1271e/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Pecos National Monument","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.7170,\n              35.5137842234445\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.64453124999999,\n              35.5137842234445\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.64453124999999,\n              35.56853899134082\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7170,\n              35.56853899134082\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7170,\n              35.5137842234445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682ef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ross Byron","contributorId":37339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"Byron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55890,"text":"ofr6929 - 1969 - Extent and frequency of inundation on the Perkiomen Creek flood plain from Green Lane Reservoir to the Schuylkill River (near Oaks, Pennsylvania)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T11:06:18","indexId":"ofr6929","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-29","title":"Extent and frequency of inundation on the Perkiomen Creek flood plain from Green Lane Reservoir to the Schuylkill River (near Oaks, Pennsylvania)","docAbstract":"<p>This is the fourth report on the extent and frequency of inundation prepared for the Delaware River Basin Commission. The first of these reports covered floods on the Delaware River in the vicinity of Easton, Pennsylvania and Phillipsburg, New Jersey. The second covered a reach of the Schuylkill River from Conshohocken to Philadelphia. The third was for the Delaware River in the vicinity of Belvidere, New Jersey. The first and third reports were written by George M. Farlekas of the Trenton district, and the second was written by Arthur T. Alter of the Harrisburg district. Specific information as to the areal extent and contents of these studies can be obtained from the Delaware River Basin Commission, P.O. Box 360, Trenton, New Jersey. </p><p>This flood inundation study is part of an investigative program financed through a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Delaware River Basin Commission. The report was prepared under the direction of Norman H. Beamer, District, Chief, U.S. Geological Survey, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.</p><p>The streamflow data for Perkiomen Creek at Graterford were collected by the Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters from 1914 to 1931. Since 1931 the data have been collected under a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Department of Forests and Waters. Data on high-water marks and areas inundated in past periods of flooding have been obtained from many local residents of Montgomery County. The Reading Company cooperated by allowing survey crews to work on their right-of-way. The author is grateful to Mr. John W. Buchanan for surveys, Mr. Lewis C. Shaw for illustrations and to Mrs. Joan C. King for typing.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6929","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Delaware River Basin Commission","usgsCitation":"Busch, W.F., 1969, Extent and frequency of inundation on the Perkiomen Creek flood plain from Green Lane Reservoir to the Schuylkill River (near Oaks, Pennsylvania): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-29, vii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6929.","productDescription":"vii, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343692,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0029/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Green Lane Reservoir, Perkiomen Creek flood plain, Schuylkill River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.48912048339844,\n              40.42917828232078\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.50148010253906,\n              40.43440488077008\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.53443908691405,\n              40.42708752919884\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.55572509765625,\n              40.41611000901211\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.56465148925781,\n              40.391011807973285\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.55641174316406,\n              40.360672330668166\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.52963256835938,\n              40.334506645085234\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.50628662109375,\n              40.256996734279234\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.49942016601562,\n              40.20300156544074\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.49736022949219,\n              40.142139942215415\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4877471923828,\n              40.1095880747414\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.46440124511717,\n              40.09803366543276\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.43212890625,\n              40.108537754986166\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.42045593261719,\n              40.150537893668925\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.41015624999999,\n              40.18359473454382\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.41976928710938,\n              40.22554847206815\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.42388916015625,\n              40.280049508234804\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.42800903320312,\n              40.329795743702064\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.45204162597656,\n              40.37584377696013\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.46989440917969,\n              40.406176423413704\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.48912048339844,\n              40.42917828232078\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8ab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busch, William F.","contributorId":96959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17964,"text":"ofr699 - 1969 - Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17964,"text":"ofr699 - 1969 - Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska","indexId":"ofr699","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39568,"text":"pp700D - 1970 - Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D","indexId":"pp700D","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39568,"text":"pp700D - 1970 - Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D","indexId":"pp700D","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Geological Survey research 1970, Chapter D"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T19:39:16.691625","indexId":"ofr699","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-9","title":"Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>An aeromagnetic map covering 480 square miles was compiled for the Nixon Fork district, which is located approximately 35 miles northeast of McGrath, Alaska. The survey was flown in search of concealed intrusive rocks which may have produced contact metamorphic deposits in limestone similar to the known lode deposits which have been the principal source of gold in the district.</p><p>The exposed quartz monzonite stocks with which the lode deposits are associated produce negative magnetic anomalies. Slight to moderately strong positive anomalies correlate with granitic intrusives in contact with Upper Cretaceous rocks in the Iditarod-Nixon Fork fault zone. No significant mineral deposits have been found in conjunction with these granitic bodies.</p><p>Positive anomalies, delineating buried intrusives, occur near the east and west boundaries of the mapped area. The nature of the westernmost intrusive is unknown.</p><p>An area of possible economic interest lies between Limestone Mountain and Whirlwind-Canyon Creeks in the eastern sector of the mapped area. An elliptical positive anomaly is superimposed on an elongate, slightly negative anomaly. This negative anomaly may represent an intrusive similar to the quartz monzonite with which the lode deposits are affiliated. The positive anomaly may be a near-vertical mafic dike intruded to within 50 feet of the surface of a limestone ridge. Limestone in the vicinity of the dike may be a favorable area for prospecting for lode deposits similar to the known gold-producing deposits of the district.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr699","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L.A., Reed, B.L., and Johnson, G.R., 1969, Preliminary geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Nixon Fork district, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-9, Report: ii, 6 p.; 1 Plate: 40.63 x 31.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr699.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 6 p.; 1 Plate: 40.63 x 31.55 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":424516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":424515,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nixon Fork district","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.21098975436422,\n              64.39363688486736\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.0545619009912,\n              64.39363688486736\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.0545619009912,\n              64.40237470471484\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.21098975436422,\n              64.40237470471484\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.21098975436422,\n              64.39363688486736\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -158.14993847514128,\n              64.4117874414261\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.14993847514128,\n              63.40759602117143\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.94307945964977,\n              63.40759602117143\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.94307945964977,\n              64.4117874414261\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.14993847514128,\n              64.4117874414261\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c2e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Lennart A.","contributorId":106111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lennart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bruce L.","contributorId":19928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Gordon R.","contributorId":90725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":16614,"text":"ofr69323 - 1969 - Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16614,"text":"ofr69323 - 1969 - Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska","indexId":"ofr69323","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6514,"text":"pp997 - 1977 - Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region","indexId":"pp997","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":6514,"text":"pp997 - 1977 - Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region","indexId":"pp997","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T23:03:10.110922","indexId":"ofr69323","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-323","title":"Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Numerous collections of fossil plants from the Gulf of Alaska region were obtained from rocks that are well dated by marine mollusks. The mollusks indicate that the oldest possible age for the lowest plant assemblage is middle Eocene (Domengine) and that the youngest possible age for the highest Paleogene plant assemblage is middle Oligocene (Lincoln).</p><p>Paleobotanical correlations indicate that the lowest plant assemblage is of early late Eocene (early Ravenian) age and the highest plant assemblage is of early Oligocene (Kummerian) age. A new provincial stage--the Angoonian--is proposed, based on assemblages from rocks in southeastern Alaska. The Angoonian is thought to be of late Oligocene (early Blakeley) age. Only one stratigraphically isolated assemblage from the Gulf of Alaska region has been recognized as of Angoonian age. The biostratigraphy of the Gulf of Alaska region and of other regions in Alaska indicates that the Seldovian, Homerian, and Clamgulchian Stages are probably entirely of Neogene age.</p><p>The early Ravenian assemblages represent Paratropical Rain forest (that is, similar to vegetation of a narrow region bordering the Tropical Rain forest) based on the physiognomic analysis of foliage; the most diverse families represented are Menispermaceae and Icacinaceae. These are accompanied by palms, Anonaceae, tjristicaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Barringtoniaceae, and Myrtaceae. A minor element is represented by broad-leaved deciduous plants. The middle Ravenian was somewhat cooler, as indicated by foliar physiognomy, the fewer Tropical Rain forest elements, and the diversity of Lauraceae. The late Ravenian assemblage represents a broad-leaved deciduous forest indicating a temperate climate. The Kummerian assemblages were again dominated by Lauraceae, and the physiognomic characters of the foliage indicate that Subtropical forest was again represented.</p><p>The existence of a broad-leaved evergreen forest in Alaska such as that of the early Ravenian indicates that extended periods of darkness could probably not have existed at that time. The Alaskan Paleogene floras, as well as those from other regions, indicate that the earth's axis of rotation may not have had as great an inclination in the past. Strong climatic fluctuations evidenced by foliar physiognomy of Tertiary floras is thought to have been the result of changes in the inclination of the earth's axis.</p><p>The history of the development of the Arcto-Tertiary concept is reviewed, and the fundamental lack of evidence for this concept is shown. An alternative, more complex, concept is proposed for the development of the Mixed Mesophytic forest. Paleobotanical evidence indicates that tolerances of many genera have changed during the Tertiary. Many Mixed Mesophytic genera--particularly those that are today temperate outliers of basically tropical groups--may have had a wide distribution in the Paleogene Paratropical Rain and Subtropical forests and have entered the warm temperate forests only during the later Paleogene or Neogene. Some Mixed Mesophytic groups appear to be of later Neogene origin and have been significant members of the warm temperate forests since that time. Some Mixed Mesophytic genera apparently were members of the Paratropical Rain forest only in the earliest Paleogene and became adapted to warm temperate climates by the late Eocene or perhaps even earlier. The Mixed Mesophytic forest may have developed independently in Eurasia, western North America, and eastern North America.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69323","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, J.A., 1969, Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-323, ii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69323.","productDescription":"ii, 111 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423920,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0323/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0323/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -136.15250770661777,\n              56.82863558130717\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.15250770661777,\n              60.5418529177804\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.32762172640042,\n              60.5418529177804\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.32762172640042,\n              56.82863558130717\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.15250770661777,\n              56.82863558130717\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689ce0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, Jack A.","contributorId":102474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15393,"text":"ofr69202 - 1969 - Cretaceous sedimentation and tectonism in the southeastern Kaiparowits region, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T17:44:06.445282","indexId":"ofr69202","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-202","title":"Cretaceous sedimentation and tectonism in the southeastern Kaiparowits region, Utah","docAbstract":"Upper Cretaceous strata in the southeastern Kaiparowits region of south-central Utah consist of approximately 3,500 feet of interfingering sandstone, mudstone, shale, and coal in the Dakota Formation (oldest), Tropic Shale, Straight Cliffs Formation, and Wahweap Formation (youngest). The formations consist of several depositional facies that can be recognized by characteristic lithologies bedding structures, and fossils; these are the alluvial plain, deltaic plain, lagoonal-paludal, barrier sandstone, and offshore marine facies. The distribution of facies clearly defines the paleogeography of the region during several cycles of marine transgression and regression. The nonmarine beds were deposited on a broad alluvial coastal plain that was bordered on the west and southwest by highlands and on the east and northeast by the Western Interior seaway. The marine beds were deposited whenever the seaway advanced into or across the region. \r\n\r\nThe Dakota Formation and the lower part of the Tropic Shale were deposited in nonmarine and marine environments, while the shoreline advanced generally westward across the region. The middle and upper part of the Tropic Shale and the Tibbet Canyon and Smoky Hollow Members of the Straight Cliffs Formation were deposited in marine and nonmarine environments when the seaway had reached its greatest areal extent and began a gradual northeastward withdrawal. An unconformity at the top of the Smoky Hollow represents a period of erosion and possibly nondeposition before deposition of the John Henry Member of the Straight Cliffs. \r\n\r\nThe John Henry Member grades from nonmarine in the southwest to predominantly marine in the northeast, and was deposited during two relatively minor cycles of transgression and regression. The Drip Tank Member at the top of the Straight Cliffs Formation is a widespread sandstone unit deposited mainly in fluvial environments. Some of the beds in the northeastern part of the region were probably deposited in marine waters during the final incursion of the seaway into the Kaiparowits region. The overlying Wahweap Formation was deposited in nonmarine environments. Slight but continued tectonism during Late Cretaceous time is indicated by lateral changes of facies and thickness variations that coincide at least partly with present structures. These criteria indicate that Laramide tectonism consisted of two phases. An early phase that lasted from about late Albian to late Campanian time included regional subsidence, basin downwarping, and movement on local folds and faults. A later phase that lasted from late Campanian to about late Paleocene time included regional uplift, monoclinal flexing, and probable new faulting, as well as continued basin downwarping and movement on local folds and probably on the older faults. \r\n\r\nThe principal economic resource in the Kaiparowits region is bituminous or subbituminous coal in the john Henry Member. Because basin downwarping and movement on local folds occurred during deposition, the thicker and more continuous coal beds are in the ancestral synclines and tile deeper part of the structural basin. Presently indicated resources total 7.3 billion tons, but considerably larger quantities are probably present in the unexplored parts of the region. Several potential resources include ground water, titaniferous sandstone, and possibly oil and gas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69202","usgsCitation":"Peterson, F., 1969, Cretaceous sedimentation and tectonism in the southeastern Kaiparowits region, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-202, Report: 259 p.; 21 Plates: 56.21 x 22.56 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69202.","productDescription":"Report: 259 p.; 21 Plates: 56.21 x 22.56 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":44296,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44295,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44294,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44293,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44292,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44291,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44290,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44311,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44310,"rank":23,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":493036,"rank":24,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8390.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":44309,"rank":22,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-20.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44301,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44308,"rank":21,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44307,"rank":20,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44306,"rank":19,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44305,"rank":18,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44304,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44303,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44302,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44300,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44299,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44298,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44297,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0202/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"southeastern Kaiparowits region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.75,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.75,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.957,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.957,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.75,\n              37.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Fred fpeterson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Fred","email":"fpeterson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":171062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13007,"text":"ofr6939 - 1969 - The talc, soapstone, and asbestos deposits of Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T20:31:43.140339","indexId":"ofr6939","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-39","title":"The talc, soapstone, and asbestos deposits of Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Several talc and soapstone deposits were worked in Massachusetts from about 1810 to 1922.  Most of these deposits are in the Chester Amphibolite, or in serpentine lenses in or adjacent to the amphibolite along a belt that extends north-south across the State from Rowe to West Granville; it appears to be a continuation of the Vermont talc belt.  The only deposits outside of this belt that have been worked are a talc and soapstone deposit in the north-west corner of Hinsdale and soapstone deposits on the east side of Soapstone Hill in the western part of Petersham.\r\n\r\nVery little asbestos has been produced in Massachusetts.  A small amount of anthophyllite asbestos was obtained from the deposit in Hinsdale, and from a deposit in southwestern Pelham.\r\n\r\nThe talc and soapstone deposits of Massachusetts were formed from serpentine and possibly from amphibolite, schist, and dolomitic limestone.  Those fromed from serpentine are mainly at the ends of the serpentine bodies, and those that appear to have been formed from amphibolite or schist are on the faults and folds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6939","usgsCitation":"Chute, N.E., 1969, The talc, soapstone, and asbestos deposits of Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-39, Report: iv, 42 p.; 8 Plates: 13.88 x 23.44 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6939.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 42 p.; 8 Plates: 13.88 x 23.44 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":41470,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41469,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41468,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":493056,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8434.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":41471,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41472,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41473,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41467,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41466,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41465,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0039/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.174,\n              42.746\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.174,\n              42.0610\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.186,\n              42.0610\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.186,\n              42.746\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.174,\n              42.746\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a50e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chute, Newton Earl","contributorId":97119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chute","given":"Newton","email":"","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":68642,"text":"ha360 - 1969 - Water resources of Wisconsin: Rock-Fox River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-28T23:08:39.564696","indexId":"ha360","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"360","title":"Water resources of Wisconsin: Rock-Fox River basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>PURPOSE AND SCOPE</span></p>\n<p><span>The purpose of this report is to describe the physical environment, availability, distribution, characteristics, movement, quality, water problems, and use of water within the Rock-Fox River basin in order to aid in planning future water management within the basin.</span></p>\n<p><span>This report presents general information on the basin that was derived from data obtained from Federal, State, and local agencies. In addition, new data were collected from areas where available data were scarce. The reader is referred to the section entitled &ldquo;Agencies Having Additional Information&rdquo; and to the list of selected references (sheet 4) for sources of more detailed information.</span></p>\n<p><span>This atlas is one of a series of 12 river-basin studies designed to describe in general terms the water resources of the State. More detailed studies of problem areas will be required in the future as the need for additional information increases.</span></p>\n<p><span>LOCATION AND EXTENT</span></p>\n<p><span>The Rock-Fox River basin in Wisconsin, covers about 4,750 square miles in the southeastern part of the State. It includes all or parts of the following 13 counties: Columbia, Dane, Dodge, Fond du Lac, Green Lake, Jefferson, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Racine, Rock, Walworth, Washington, and Waukesha. It includes the area drained by the Rock, Fox, and Des Plaines Rivers within the State of Wisconsin.</span></p>\n<p><span>Although the basin boundary is the topographic divide, part of the streamflow is derived from ground water that drains from an area similar to, but not having the same boundaries as, the topographic basin. The ground-water basin covers about 4,350 square miles, 400 square miles less than the topographic basin. Most of the reduction in basin area is along the eastern side of the basin.</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha360","usgsCitation":"Cotter, R.D., Hutchinson, R.D., Skinner, E., and Wentz, D., 1969, Water resources of Wisconsin: Rock-Fox River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 360, 4 Plates: 41.00 x 31.84 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha360.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 41.00 x 31.84 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426094,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15738.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":90314,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/360/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90313,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/360/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90316,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/360/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90315,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/360/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Columbia County, Dane County, Dodge County, Fond du Lac County, Green Lake County, Jefferson County, Kenosha County, Milwaukee County, Racine County, Rock County, Walworth County, Washington County, Waukesha County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.45068359374999,\n              42.52879629320373\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.45068359374999,\n              43.691707903073805\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.945556640625,\n              43.691707903073805\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.945556640625,\n              42.52879629320373\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.45068359374999,\n              42.52879629320373\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f06c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cotter, R. D.","contributorId":89874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":278625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, R. D.","contributorId":99112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, E.L.","contributorId":53412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":895566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wentz, D.A.","contributorId":85206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":63797,"text":"gp653 - 1969 - Aeromagnetic map of the Thompson quadrangle and part of the East Killingly quadrangle, Connecticut and Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-20T16:53:08.829303","indexId":"gp653","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"653","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Thompson quadrangle and part of the East Killingly quadrangle, Connecticut and Rhode Island","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp653","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Aeromagnetic map of the Thompson quadrangle and part of the East Killingly quadrangle, Connecticut and Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 653, 1 Plate: 21.84 x 33.91 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp653.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 21.84 x 33.91 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":491041,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6020.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":250011,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0653/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0653/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":250010,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0653/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Thompson quadrangle and part of the East Killingly quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.875,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.875,\n              41.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.75,\n              41.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.75,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.875,\n              42\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae7e4b07f02db68c3e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":63954,"text":"gp651 - 1969 - Aeromagnetic map of the Eastford quadrangle and part of the Hampton quadrangle, Tolland and Windham Counties, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-20T16:43:17.070372","indexId":"gp651","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"651","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Eastford quadrangle and part of the Hampton quadrangle, Tolland and Windham Counties, Connecticut","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp651","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Aeromagnetic map of the Eastford quadrangle and part of the Hampton quadrangle, Tolland and Windham Counties, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 651, 1 Plate: 21.22 x 33.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp651.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 21.22 x 33.14 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":491039,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6018.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":253804,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0651/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":250313,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0651/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0651/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","county":"Tolland County, Windham County","otherGeospatial":"Eastford quadrangle and part of the Hampton quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.125,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.125,\n              41.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              41.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.125,\n              42\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":34608,"text":"b1291 - 1969 - The Geologic Story of the Uinta Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-09T12:59:04","indexId":"b1291","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1291","title":"The Geologic Story of the Uinta Mountains","docAbstract":"The opening of the West after the Civil War greatly stimulated early geologic exploration west of the 100th Meridian. One of the areas first studied, the Uinta Mountains region, gained wide attention as a result of the explorations of three Territorial Surveys, one headed by John Wesley Powell, one by Clarence King, and one by Ferdinand V. Hayden. Completion of the Union Pacific Railroad across southern Wyoming 100 years ago, in 1869, materially assisted geologic exploration, and the railheads at Green River and Rock Springs greatly simplified the outfitting of expeditions into the mountains.\r\n\r\nThe overlap of the Powell, King, and Hayden surveys in the Uinta Mountains led to efforts that were less concerted than competitive and not without acrimony. Many parts of the area were seen by all three parties at almost the same time. Duplication was inevitable, of course, but all three surveys contributed vast quantities of new knowledge to the storehouse of geology, and many now-basic concepts arose from their observations.\r\n\r\nPowell's area of interest extended mainly southward from the Uinta Mountains to the Grand Canyon, including the boundless plateaus and canyons of southern Utah and northern Arizona. King's survey extended eastward from the High Sierra in California to Cheyenne, Wyoming, and encompassed a swath of country more than 100 miles wide. Hayden's explorations covered an immense region of mountains and basins from Yellowstone Park in Wyoming southeast throughout most of Colorado.\r\n\r\nPowell first entered the Uinta Mountains in the fall of 1868, having traveled north around the east end of the range from the White River country to Green River, Wyoming, then south over a circuitous route to Flaming Gorge and Browns Park, and finally back to the White River, where he spent the winter. In 1869, after reexamining much of the area visited the previous season, Powell embarked on his famous 'first boat trip' down the Green and Colorado Rivers. This trip was more exploratory than scientific; his second, more scientific trip was made 2 years later. Powell revisited the Uinta Mountains in 1874 and 1875 to complete the studies begun 6 years earlier. His classic 'Report on the Geology of the Eastern Portion of the Uinta Mountains and a Region of Country Adjacent Thereto' was published in 1876.\r\n\r\nKing's survey?officially 'The United States Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel'?is better known simply as the '40th Parallel Survey.' King began working eastward from California in 1867. The Uinta Mountains region, however, was mapped by S. F. Emmons, under the supervision of King, in the summers of 1869 and 1871. Emmons' work was monumental, and although he emphasized in his letter of transmittal to King the exploratory nature of the work?as the formal title of the report indicates?his maps, descriptions, and conclusions reflect a comprehensive understanding of the country and its rocks. The 40th Parallel report contains the best, most complete early descriptions of the Uinta Mountains. It, indeed, is a treasurechest of information and a landmark contribution to the emerging science of geology.\r\n\r\nHayden visited the Uinta Mountains in 1870, descending the valley of Henrys Fork to Flaming Gorge in the fall after having earlier examined the higher part of the range to the west. Most of Hayden's observations were cursory, and he repeatedly expressed regret at having insufficient time for more detailed studies. In reference to the area between Clay Basin and Browns Park, he remarked (Hayden, 1871, p. 67) somewhat dryly that 'the geology of this portion of the Uinta range is very complicated and interesting. To have solved the problem to my entire satisfaction would have required a week or two.' Eighty-odd years later I spent several months there?looking at the same rocks.\r\n\r\nPowell was perhaps more creative?more intuitive?than either King or Hayden, and his breadth of interest in the fields of geology, physiography, ethnology, an","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1291","usgsCitation":"Hansen, W.R., 1969, The Geologic Story of the Uinta Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1291, 144 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1291.","productDescription":"144 p","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92845,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1291/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1291/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c61d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Wallace R.","contributorId":90273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":63955,"text":"gp661 - 1969 - Aeromagnetic map of the Easthampton quadrangle, Hampshire and Hampden Counties, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-20T18:42:43.920707","indexId":"gp661","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"661","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Easthampton quadrangle, Hampshire and Hampden Counties, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp661","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Aeromagnetic map of the Easthampton quadrangle, Hampshire and Hampden Counties, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 661, 1 Plate: 19.17 x 32.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp661.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 19.17 x 32.33 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":491052,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6028.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":250315,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0661/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0661/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":250314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0661/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","county":"Hampshire County, Hampden County","otherGeospatial":"Easthampton quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.625,\n              42.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.625,\n              42.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.75,\n              42.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.75,\n              42.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.625,\n              42.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696789","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2202,"text":"wsp1868 - 1969 - Sediment transport by streams in the Walla Walla River basin, Washington and Oregon, July 1962 - June 1965","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-06T21:19:26.174161","indexId":"wsp1868","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1868","title":"Sediment transport by streams in the Walla Walla River basin, Washington and Oregon, July 1962 - June 1965","docAbstract":"The Walla Walla River basin covers about 1,760 square miles in southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon. From the 6,000-foot crest of the Blue Mountains on the east to the 340-foot altitude of Lake Wallula (Columbia River) on the west, the basin is drained by the Touchet River and Dry Creek, entirely within Washington, and by Mill Creek, North and South Forks Walla Walla River, and Pine Creek-Dry Creek, which all head in Oregon. The central lowland of the basin is bordered on the north by Eureka Flat, Touchet slope, and Skyrocket Hills, on the east by the Blue Mountains, and on the south by the Horse Heaven Hills. \r\n\r\nThe basin is underlain by basalt of the Columbia River Group, which .is the only consolidated rock to crop out in the region. Various unconsolidated fluviatile, lacustrine, and eolian sediments cover the basalt. In the western part of the basin the basalt is overlain by lacustrine deposits of silt and sand which in places are mantled by varying thicknesses of loessal deposits. In the northern and central parts of the basin the loess is at least 100 feet thick. The mountainous eastern part of the basin is underlain at shallow depth by basalt which has a residual soil mantle weathered from the rock. The slopes of the mountains are characterized by alluvial fans and deeply cut stream valleys ,filled with alluvium of sand, gravel, and cobbles. \r\n\r\nAverage annual precipitation in the basin ranges from less than 10 inches in the desert-like areas of the west to more than 45 inches in the timbered mountains of the east; 65 percent of the precipitation occurs from October through March. The average runoff from the basin is about 4.8 inches per year. Most of the runoff occurs during late winter and early spring. Exceptionally high runoff generally results from rainfall and rapid melting of snow on partially frozen ground. \r\n\r\nDuring the study period, July 1964-June 1965, average annual sediment yields in the basin ranged from 420 tons per square mile in the mountainous area to more than 4,000 tons per square mile in the extensively cultivated northern and central parts of the basin, which are drained by the Touchet River and Dry Creek. The Touchet River and Dry Creek transported approximately 80 percent of the total sediment load discharged from the Walla Walla River basin. The highest concentrations were contributed by the loessal deposits in the Dry Creek drainage. Two runoff events resulting from rain and snowmelt on partially frozen ground produced 76 percent of the suspended sediment discharged from the basin during the study period. The maximum concentration measured, 316,000 milligrams per liter, was recorded for Dry Creek at Lowden on December 23. 1964. \r\n\r\nDaily suspended-sediment concentrations for the Walla Walla River near Touchet exceeded 700 milligrams per liter about 10 percent of the time, and 14,000 milligrams per liter about 1 percent of the time. The discharge-weighted mean concentration for the 3-year period of study was 7,000 milligrams per liter. Silt predominates in the suspended sediment transported by all streams in the basin. On the average, sediment from streams draining the Blue Mountains was composed of 20 percent sand, 60 percent silt, and 20 percent clay ; for streams draining the Blue Mountains slope-Horse Heaven Hills area, the percentages are 9, 65, and 26, respectively ; and for those draining the Skyrocket Hills-Touchet slope, the percentages are 5, 75, and 20, respectively. \r\n\r\nThe bedload in the mountain and upland streams was estimated to be about 5-12 percent as much as the suspended load. For the Walla Walla River and its tributaries in the lower basin area, the bedload was estimated to be only about 2-8 percent as much as the suspended load.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1868","usgsCitation":"Mapes, B.E., 1969, Sediment transport by streams in the Walla Walla River basin, Washington and Oregon, July 1962 - June 1965: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1868, Report: iv, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 × 16.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1868.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 × 16.92 inches","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392519,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25089.htm"},{"id":27864,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1868/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27863,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1868/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1868/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Walla Walla River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.75,\n              45.775\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.912,\n              45.775\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.912,\n              46.479\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.75,\n              46.479\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.75,\n              45.775\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3fe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mapes, B. E.","contributorId":26286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mapes","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":68445,"text":"ha311 - 1969 - Hydrology of a part of the Big Sioux drainage basin, eastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T21:34:22.779976","indexId":"ha311","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"311","title":"Hydrology of a part of the Big Sioux drainage basin, eastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>In 1960 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Dakota State Water Resources Commission and the South Dakota State Geological Survey, started a program for the hydrogeologic investigation of glacial drift in selected drainage basins in eastern South Dakota. This program was designed to delineate water-bearing deposits of glacial-outwash sand and gravel, and to determine their water-yielding characteristics, particularly with regard to irrigation and industrial use. Investigations of this type will aid in planning the use and conservation of ground water for future agricultural and industrial growth in South Dakota.</p>\n<p>This report describes the part of the Big Sioux River drainage basin from Sioux Falls north to a U.S. Geological Survey gaging station 9M miles southeast of Brookings (see fig. 1).</p>\n<p>The drainage area, about 675 square miles, is in the southwestern part of the Coteau des Prairies section of the Central Lowland physiographic province, as defined by Flint (1955, p. 5). It includes the Big Sioux River valley in Moody and north-central Minnehaha Counties, and the uplands that drain into the valley, from Brookings, Lake, Moody, and Minnehaha Counties, South Dakota, and Pipestone and Lincoln Counties, Minnesota.</p>\n<p>This report is based on data from field and laboratory studies and from published and unpublished records of State and Federal agencies. The investigations included: (1) Delineating area of water-bearing glacial outwash deposits; (2) inventorying wells to locate areas of greatest ground-water potential; (3) examining samples from auger holes to define thickness, extent, and character of water-bearing deposits; (4) determining the altitudes of selected test holes and wells for use in preparing cross sections and watertable maps; (5) collecting and analyzing water samples to determine the chemical character of water; and (6) testing aquifers to determine the hydrologic properties of the water-bearing deposits.</p>\n<p>Data consisting of logs of wells and test holes, waterlevel measurements, chemical analyses of water, stream-runoff measurements, and determinations of the hydrologic properties of aquifers are contained in a separate report by Ellis and Adolphson (1968).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha311","usgsCitation":"Ellis, M.J., Adolphson, D.G., and West, R.E., 1969, Hydrology of a part of the Big Sioux drainage basin, eastern South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 311, Report: 5 p.; 1 Plate: 41.0 x 51.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha311.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; 1 Plate: 41.0 x 51.0 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":89976,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/311/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89977,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/311/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395411,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15684.htm"},{"id":186197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/311/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"125000","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Big Sioux drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.37182617187499,\n              43.50872101129684\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.37182617187499,\n              44.3002644115815\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.833740234375,\n              44.3002644115815\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.833740234375,\n              43.50872101129684\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.37182617187499,\n              43.50872101129684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Michael J.","contributorId":40360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adolphson, Donald G.","contributorId":53872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adolphson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, Robert E.","contributorId":10101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":38852,"text":"pp521A - 1969 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13966,"text":"ofr51113 - 1951 - Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah","indexId":"ofr51113","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary report on the ground-water resources of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38852,"text":"pp521A - 1969 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","indexId":"pp521A","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":46063,"text":"ofr6158 - 1961 - Maps of Navajo Indian Reservation and vicinity, Arizona","indexId":"ofr6158","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Maps of Navajo Indian Reservation and vicinity, Arizona"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38852,"text":"pp521A - 1969 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","indexId":"pp521A","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":52095,"text":"ofr6063 - 1960 - Well records and table of chemical analysis for report \"The geology and ground-water resources of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah\"","indexId":"ofr6063","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Well records and table of chemical analysis for report \"The geology and ground-water resources of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah\""},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38852,"text":"pp521A - 1969 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","indexId":"pp521A","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":52394,"text":"ofr6441 - 1964 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","indexId":"ofr6441","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38852,"text":"pp521A - 1969 - Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","indexId":"pp521A","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T21:21:51.246685","indexId":"pp521A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"521","chapter":"A","title":"Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation","docAbstract":"<p>The Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations have an area of about 25,000 square miles and are in the south-central part of the Colorado Plateaus physiographic province. The reservations are underlain by sedimentary rocks that range in age from Cambrian to Tertiary, but Permian and younger rocks are exposed in about 95 percent of the area. Igneous and metamorphic basement rocks of Precambrian age underlie the sedimentary rocks at depths ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 feet. Much of the area is mantled by thin alluvial, eolian, and terrace deposits, which mainly are 10 to 50 feet thick.</p><p>The Navajo country was a part of the eastern shelf area of the Cordilleran geosyncline during Paleozoic and Early Triassic time and part of the southwestern shelf area of the Rocky Mountain geosyncline in Cretaceous time. The shelf areas were inundated frequently by seas that extended from the central parts of the geosynclines. As a result, complex intertonguing and rapid facies changes are prevalent in the sedimentary rocks and form some of the principal controls on the ground-water hydrology. Regional uplift beginning in Late Cretaceous time , destroyed. the Rocky Mountain geosyncline and formed the structural basius that influenced sedimentation and erosion throughout Cenozoic time.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp521A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Navajo Tribe","usgsCitation":"Cooley, M.E., Harshbarger, J.W., Akers, J.P., Hardt, W.F., and Hicks, O., 1969, Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, with a section on vegetation: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 521, Report: vi, 61 p.; 12 Plates: 52.08 x 51.49 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp521A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 61 p.; 12 Plates: 52.08 x 51.49 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"72","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264159,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-1_sheet_3.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (Sheet 3 of 9)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"},{"id":264160,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-1_sheet_4.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (Sheet 4 of 9)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"},{"id":264161,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-1_sheet_5.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (Sheet 5 of 9)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"},{"id":264162,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-1_sheet_6.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (Sheet 6 of 9)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"},{"id":264163,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-1_sheet_7.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (Sheet 7 of 9)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"},{"id":264164,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-1_sheet_8.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (Sheet 8 of 9)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"},{"id":264165,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-1_sheet_9.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (Sheet 9 of 9)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah: Explanation for Sheets 1-8"},{"id":264166,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing surficial deposits, volcanic provinces, internally drained areas, streamflow data, and occurrence of water in the alluvium in the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"},{"id":264169,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing water-level contours, direction of water movement, and areas of recharge and discharge of aquifers in the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"},{"id":264157,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-1_sheet_1.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (Sheet 1 of 9)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"},{"id":65818,"rank":15,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264158,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-1_sheet_2.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (Sheet 2 of 9)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"},{"id":104495,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4550.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4550"},{"id":122269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264167,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Physiographic map of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"},{"id":264168,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0521a/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing climatological data and vegetation of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Hopi Reservation, Navajo Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108,\n              36.98309148853282\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.04200196843696,\n              37.004040258406874\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05134365078696,\n              37.42566524086142\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.79424200315326,\n              37.33843939492198\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.90016418682642,\n              36.31473879342302\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1408054363474,\n              35.348295394379946\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.18468316106258,\n              35.17502569205254\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.40700641615005,\n              35.51683555446911\n            ],\n            [\n              -108,\n              36.98309148853282\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, M. E.","contributorId":89868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harshbarger, J. W.","contributorId":22309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harshbarger","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akers, J. P.","contributorId":82678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardt, W. F.","contributorId":12455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardt","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hicks, O.N.","contributorId":65159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"O.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":12939,"text":"ofr6936 - 1969 - Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12939,"text":"ofr6936 - 1969 - Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California","indexId":"ofr6936","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5758,"text":"pp882 - 1976 - Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California","indexId":"pp882","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":5758,"text":"pp882 - 1976 - Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California","indexId":"pp882","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T19:53:10.458712","indexId":"ofr6936","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-36","title":"Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Baldwin Hills are located in the northwest part of the densely populated Los Angeles basin. They comprise one of several groups of isolated hills that extend along the northwest-trending Newport-Inglewood zone of folds and faults, a structural lineament identified with a series of very productive oil fields. In addition to being the site of the Inglewood oil field, these hills are the site of surface deformation that has been monitored for over 35 years. This record of deformation, which includes differential subsidence, horizontal displacements, and surface rupturing, forms one of the best documented examples of oilfield-associated surface deformation yet recognized. The deformation is described in detail, analyzed as to cause(s), and finally attributed largely or essentially entirely to the exploitation of the spatially-associated Inglewood oil field.</p><p>The Baldwin Hills are underlain by gently to moderately arched and conspicuously faulted Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks that overlie crystalline basement rocks at a depth of more than 10,000 feet. The Inglewood fault, a part of the northwest-trending Newport-Inglewood zone, diagonally transects the hills. Right-lateral displacements of 3,000-4,000 feet since middle or late Pliocene time and 1,500-2,000 feet during Quaternary time are indicated by offset structural and physio-graphic features; indications of vertical separations of up to about 200 feet during late Quaternary time occur locally.</p><p>Evidence of continuing deformation includes recognized seismicity and regional elevation changes. The M5-5 1/2 Inglewood earthquake of 1920, the largest local earthquake of record, is believed to have originated immediately southeast of the Baldwin Hills; it was apparently unassociated with surficial fault displacements. Leveling in and around the west and central Los Angeles basin has shown that lowland stations have been consistently subsiding, whereas foothill stations commonly have been rising. Several seemingly persistent basins of differential subsidence and a zone of positive movement, roughly coincident with the Newport-Inglewood zone, have also been identified in the northwest part of the basin.</p><p>A prominent, elliptically-shaped, northwest-trending subsidence bowl encompassing the northwest part of the Baldwin Hills, has been defined by repeated level circuits. Partial reconstruction of selected level circuits with respect to a common, relatively stable control point (Hollywood E-11), located on the edge of the subsidence bowl, has permitted evaluation of the subsidence since 1910 and 1911 at two points near the center of the bowl. Thus bench mark PBM 67 is estimated to have subsided approximately 4.324 feet between June 1910 and February 1963; and bench mark PBM 68 (the only bench mark within the subsidence bowl that was leveled prior to 1926 and has been repeatedly leveled since) subsided 3.846 feet between November 1911 and June 1962. Analysis of the available data indicates little if any elevation change at PBM 68 (or elsewhere throughout the Baldwin Hills-Inglewood area) associated with the Inglewood earthquake of 1920. Maximum subsidence of PBM 122 (which has remained very close to the center of subsidence since at . least 1950) between 1911 and 1963 is calculated to have been 5.67 feet.</p><p>Horizontal displacements (with respect to a north-south base line about 3 miles east of the hills) of six triangulation points within the subsidence bowl have been measured for various periods between 1934 and 1963. Displacements have been generally toward the center of subsidence and almost precisely perpendicular to the immediately adjacent isobases of equal elevation change. Maximum movement has been recorded at triangulation point Baldwin Aux, which was displaced 2.21 feet between 1934 and 1961; horizontal displacements of three additional points ranged from 0.95 foot to 1.85 feet between 1936 and 1961. Displacements of 0.10-0.29 foot were recorded at all six monuments during the period 1961-1963.</p><p>\"Earth cracks\" and surficial fault displacements were recognized in the Baldwin Hills at least as early as 1957. The cracks are relatively straight, generally continuous fractures confined to the structural block east of the Inglewood fault; they are concentrated in two areas centering on (1) the Baldwin Hills Reservoir and (2) the Stocker Street-LaBrea Avenue-Overhill Drive intersection. The cracks trend north to north-northeast and are nearly everywhere parallel to or coincident with minor faults and joints, and are generally orthogonal to radii emanating from the center of subsidence. Differential movement along the cracks has been almost entirely dip slip along steep to nearly vertical surfaces, and generally down-dropped toward the center of subsidence. Cumulative displacements have been as much as 6 or 7 inches. Rates of displacement have ranged widely, and the movement has generally occurred as creep or very small discrete jumps. A probable exception is the several inches of differential movement that is believed to have occurred along a crack through the floor of the Baldwin Hills Reservoir on or about December 14, 1963.</p><p>The contemporary surface movements are attributable to one or more of the following phenomena: (1). exploitation of the Inglewood oil field; (2) changes in the ground-water regimen; (3) compaction of sedimentary materials in response to surface loading; (4) tectonic activity.</p><p>The following considerations indicate that the differential subsidence is attributable largely or entirely to exploitation of the underlying Inglewood oil field: (1) the coincidence of the centers of the oil field, the producing structure, and the subsidence bowl; (2) the general correspondence between the pattern of subsidence and the outlines of the oil field; (3) the approximate coincidence between the initiation of production and the initiation of subsidence; (4) the generally linear relations between various measures of subsidence and liquid production from both the field as a whole and the exceptionally prolific Vickers zone in particular; (5) the sharp deceleration of subsidence in the eastern block of the field coincident with the initiation of full-scale water flooding there; (6) the many examples of oil fields In which both spatial and temporal associations between production and subsidence are recognized; (7) the many similarities of the subsidence-production relations in the Inglewood field to those in the Wilmington field, where the subsidence has been authoritatively attributed to oilfield&nbsp;operations; (8) the theoretical relation between subsidence or a tendency toward subsidence and increased effective pressure associated with underground fluid extraction.</p><p>Consideration of six possible explanations for the increasing rather than decreasing or constant rate of subsidence with respect to reservoir fluid pressure decline suggests that measured or calculated down-hole reservoir fluid pressure decline is non-representative of average or real fluid pressure decline away from producing wells. The near-linear relations between net-liquid production and subsidence are explained through analogy with a tightly confined artesian system of infinite areal extent, where production must derive from liquid expansion and/or reservoir compaction. Test data from compaction studies in two other oil fields yield estimates of ultimate compaction of the Vickers zone resulting from a total loss of fluid pressure; these estimates range over an order of magnitude. The best estimate, based on these data and considerations of late Cenozoic history in the Baldwin Hills area, is about 10 feet.</p><p>The centripetally-directed horizontal movements are considered attributable to exploitation of the Inglewood oil field on the basis of:<br>(1) their well-defined symmetrical and geometrical association with the differential subsidence; (2) the similarities between these associations and those developed in and around other subsiding oil fields; and (3) the mechanical compatibility of these movements with subsidence induced by the extraction of subsurface materials.</p><p>The earth cracks and surficial fault displacements are considered largely or entirely attributable to the exploitation of the Inglewood oil field on the basis of: (1) their spatial and temporal relations to both oil-field operations and the differential subsidence; (2) the similarities of these cracks and displacements to those generated in and around other oil fields and areas of subsurface materials extraction; and (3) surface strain patterns predicted from the measured vertical and horizontal surface movements. The cracks and displacements can i)e explained by an exploitation-based, elastic-rebound model which requires elastic compression of the sedimentary section in response to compaction-induced downdrag within those blocks around the periphery of the subsidence bowl. The measured displacements have been about one-quarter to one-half those predicted for a purely elastic system.</p><p>Analysis of: (1) the history of ground-water extraction within and around the Baldwin Hills; and (2) subsidence associated with water-level declines in sediments comparable with those in the Baldwin Hills, indicate that the surface movements can be no more than incidentally attributed to changes in ground-water conditions. Similarly, analysis of the history of natural and artificial changes in surface loading indicate that these movements are generally unassociated with changes in surface loading conditions.</p><p>Considerations of local geologic history and various tectonic associations indicate that it is very unlikely that the differential subsidence and horizontal movements are due to tectonic downwarping. There exists a far stronger prima facie argument for tectonic involvement in the earth cracking and associated fault displacements. This argument is disputed by; (1) the spatial and temporal relations of the earth cracks to, and their mechanical compatibility with, the nontectonic differential subsidence; (2) the absence of displacements on the Inglewood fault in conjunction with those along the conjugate earth cracks; (3) the probability that purely tectonic displaceMents would be characterized by oblique or strike slip; and (4) the absence of any clear temporal relation between crack growth and local seismicity, However, because as much as 10 percent of the local isobase gradient may be unexplained' by oil-field exploitation, a small fraction of this gradient, and thus the displacements among the southern group of cracks, may be attributable to tectonic activity. This fraction should have been insignificant in the presence of the strain pattern produced by nontectonic compaction of the underlying oil measures.</p><p>Because nearly all of the observed and measured surface movements can be fully explained as the products of oil-field operations, yet can be no more than incidentally attributed to changes in ground-water conditions, surface loading, or tectonic activity, we conclude that these movements are attributable largely or essentially entirely to the exploitation of the Inglewood oil field.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6936","usgsCitation":"Castle, R.O., and Yerkes, R.F., 1969, Recent surface movements in the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-36, xviii, 185 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6936.","productDescription":"xviii, 185 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429278,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0036/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","otherGeospatial":"Baldwin Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.38187677397389,\n              34.0348739886972\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.38187677397389,\n              33.97553856602411\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30144514525205,\n              33.97553856602411\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30144514525205,\n              34.0348739886972\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.38187677397389,\n              34.0348739886972\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castle, Robert O.","contributorId":22741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yerkes, R. F.","contributorId":24754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207551,"text":"70207551 - 1969 - Kilauea Volcano: The 1967-68 summit eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-24T10:04:52","indexId":"70207551","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-23T12:12:58","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kilauea Volcano: The 1967-68 summit eruption","docAbstract":"<p>On 5 November 1967 Kilauea volcano began erupting lava from vents on the floor of its summit pit crater. Halemaumau, 170 meters deep. This eruption ended nearly 2 years of the quiescence that followed a short lived eruption on the east&nbsp; rift zone of Kilauea in December 1965 (1). The 1967-68 eruption was the first activity in Halemaumau since July 1961 (2). The eruption ceased on 13 July 1968 following 31 separate phases of fountaining separated by short periods of quiescence. Six weeks after the&nbsp; end of the summit eruption, a short eruption occurred on the upper east rift zone of Kilauea. As the article goes to press there have been four eruptions, all of the upper east rift zone. The last of the four began&nbsp; in May 1969 and have just completed its seventh phase. The article summarizes the eruption in Halemanumau and complements an article Fiske and Kinoshita on the deformation that preceded the eruption (3). The methods of study and the instrumentation used during the eruption are the same as those discussed in the earlier article. The locations of all seismographs tiltmeter stations and bench marks are shown in Fig. 1.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.166.3904.459","usgsCitation":"Kinoshita, W.T., Koyanagi, R.Y., Wright, T., and Fiske, R.S., 1969, Kilauea Volcano: The 1967-68 summit eruption: Science, v. 166, no. 3904, p. 459-468, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.166.3904.459.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.36659240722656,\n              19.276146935787732\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1372528076172,\n              19.276146935787732\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1372528076172,\n              19.475655495911568\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.36659240722656,\n              19.475655495911568\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.36659240722656,\n              19.276146935787732\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"166","issue":"3904","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinoshita, Willie Tomoni","contributorId":87148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinoshita","given":"Willie","email":"","middleInitial":"Tomoni","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":17984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70223877,"text":"70223877 - 1969 - Mesozoic California and the underflow of Pacific mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T20:41:55.668543","indexId":"70223877","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-01T15:32:51","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesozoic California and the underflow of Pacific mantle","docAbstract":"<p>The Mesozoic evolution of California is interpreted as dominated by the underflow of oceanic mantle beneath the continental margin. Underflow during part of Late Cretaceous time of more than 2000 km of the eastern Pacific plate seems required by the marine magnetic data. Correspondingly, varied oceanic environments—abyssal hill, island arc, trench, oceanic crust, and upper mantle, perhaps also continental rise and abyssal plain—appear to be represented in the eugeosynclinal terranes of California. The rock juxtapositions accord with the concept that these materials were scraped off against the continent as the oceanic plate slid beneath it along Mesozoic Benioff seismic zones, which are now seen as serpentine belts separating profoundly different rock assemblages.</p><p>The chaotic Franciscan Formation of coastal California consists of deep-ocean Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous sedimentary, volcanic, crustal, and mantle materials. As open-ocean abyssal oozes and the oceanic crust beneath them were swept into the Benioff-zone trench at the continental margin, they were covered by terrigenous clastic sediments, and the entire complex was carried beneath the correlative continental-shelf and continental-slope deposits (Great Valley sequence) and the older Mesozoic complexes.</p><p>The other eugeosynclinal terranes of California can be interpreted, albeit with less confidence, in similar terms of underflow of Pacific mantle. In the Klamath Mountains and northern Sierra Nevada, for example, Ordovician and Silurian ocean-floor materials, overlain by or juxtaposed against an Upper Silurian to Permian island arc, were swept in first to the continent, along with a large fragment of oceanic crust and mantle and another fragment of an old orogenic belt. This debris was followed by Permian and Triassic ocean-floor deposits. Late Triassic and Jurassic volcanic products from stocks and batholiths forming in the welded complexes lapped across both landward and oceanward sides of the region.</p><p>Reversal of Cenozoic extension, strike-slip faulting, and volcanic crustal growth in the western United States reveals a Cretaceous tectonic pattern strikingly like the modern pattern of the Andes, so the paleotectonic setting of North America can be inferred from the South American present. The Mesozoic batholiths of North America, like the late Cenozoic volcanic belt of the central Andes, are products of the same rapid motion of oceanic plates that carried oceanic sediments against the continent to form eugeosynclinal terranes. Magmas generated in the Benioff zones formed the batholiths and the volcanic fields which initially capped them.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2409:MCATUO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, W., 1969, Mesozoic California and the underflow of Pacific mantle: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 12, p. 2409-2429, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2409:MCATUO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2409","endPage":"2429","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"East Pacific Rise, Franciscan Formation, Klamath Mountains, North American continental plate, Pacific Ocean, Pacific plate, Sierra 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,{"id":70224559,"text":"70224559 - 1969 - Mean streamflow from discharge measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T17:22:47.671228","indexId":"70224559","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-01T07:44:09","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mean streamflow from discharge measurements","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Mean flow of a stream is usually computed from a continuous record of flow ai a gaging station. A less costly method consists of (1) estimating 12 individual monthly flows from one discharge measurement per month and a concurrent gaging station record on a nearby stream, using a different relation for each month, (2) computing the annual mean from the estimated monthly means, and (3) using a relation based on gaging station records to estimate the long-term mean from the one annual mean. An annual mean can be estimated within about 10 percent of its measured value even though both the gaged and ungaged streams are affected by diversions and have different runoff characteristics. The method has greatest utility in regions where mean runoff is not closely related to drainage area.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666909493757","usgsCitation":"Riggs, H.C., 1969, Mean streamflow from discharge measurements: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 14, no. 4, p. 95-110, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666909493757.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"110","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666909493757","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Nevada, Washington","city":"Contact, Elk City, Three Creek, Yellow Pine","otherGeospatial":"East Fork Bruneau River, East Fork Jarbidge River, Fish Creek, Johnson Creek, Salmon Falls Creek, South Fork Clearwater River, Tailholt Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.45581054687499,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.226318359375,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.226318359375,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.45581054687499,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.45581054687499,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.9107666015625,\n              41.017210578228436\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.91748046874999,\n              41.017210578228436\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.91748046874999,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.9107666015625,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.9107666015625,\n              41.017210578228436\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggs, H. C.","contributorId":17210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":824055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048802,"text":"70048802 - 1969 - Great Salt Lake, Utah: Chemical and physical variations of the brine, 1963-1966","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T17:24:08","indexId":"70048802","displayToPublicDate":"1969-11-05T16:15:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5485,"text":"Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Water-Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"12","title":"Great Salt Lake, Utah: Chemical and physical variations of the brine, 1963-1966","docAbstract":"<p>Great Salt Lake is a shallow, closed-basin lake in northern Utah. Its surface area and concentration of dissolved solids vary in response to both annual and long-term climatic changes. The lake gains water mainly as streamflow from mountains to the east and loses water through evaporation. In 1965, at a lake-surface altitude of 4,194 feet, the surface area was about 1,000 square miles, and the maximum measured depth was 27 feet.</p><p>Studies to define the variations in chemical and physical characteristics of the brine began in 1963, and detailed sampling of the lake at 29 sites was made in October 1965 and May 1966. Data resulting from concurrent sampling of the 29 sites indicated that four types of brine coexist in the lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey","usgsCitation":"Hahl, D.C., and Handy, A., 1969, Great Salt Lake, Utah: Chemical and physical variations of the brine, 1963-1966: Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Water-Resources Bulletin 12, 33 p.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333160,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ugspub.nr.utah.gov/publications/water_resources_bulletins/WRB-12.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.131714,40.634799 ], [ -113.131714,41.71393 ], [ -111.860046,41.71393 ], [ -111.860046,40.634799 ], [ -113.131714,40.634799 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527b731fe4b0a7295d9b8630","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hahl, D. C.","contributorId":57436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handy, A.H.","contributorId":104493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handy","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70224249,"text":"70224249 - 1969 - Fission-track ages of accessory minerals from granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada batholith, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-15T16:22:04.699773","indexId":"70224249","displayToPublicDate":"1969-11-01T09:52:34","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fission-track ages of accessory minerals from granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada batholith, California","docAbstract":"<p>Ages of apatite, sphene, allanite, epidote, and garnet from plutonic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada and Inyo Mountains have been determined by the fission-track method.</p><p>Ages of 44 specimens of apatite range from 54 to 128 m.y. Oldest apatites generally occur in rocks from the western portion of the batholith; youngest are from granitic rocks along the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada.</p><p>Thirty-four specimens of sphene have been dated and range in age from 71 to 118 m.y. Within experimental error, all sphenes are as old as, or older than, coexisting apatites. The oldest sphene is from granitic rock of the Inyo Mountains; however, sampled rocks from the western Sierra Nevada do not contain sphene. The youngest sphenes are generally from rocks slightly west of the Sierran crest.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2201:FAOAMF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Naeser, C.W., and Dodge, F.C., 1969, Fission-track ages of accessory minerals from granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada batholith, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 11, p. 2201-2211, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2201:FAOAMF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2201","endPage":"2211","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.62988281249999,\n              39.138581990583525\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.091552734375,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.10253906249999,\n              37.54457732085582\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.20166015625,\n              36.55377524336089\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.861083984375,\n              35.82672127366604\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.65234374999999,\n              35.38904996691167\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.23510742187501,\n              34.985003130171066\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.861572265625,\n              35.209721645221386\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.05908203124999,\n              36.59788913307022\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.23486328125,\n              37.16907157713011\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.6083984375,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.981689453125,\n              38.98503278695909\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.003662109375,\n              39.36827914916014\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.62988281249999,\n              39.138581990583525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodge, F. C. W.","contributorId":18755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70223907,"text":"70223907 - 1969 - The U.S. Geological Survey's gravity program in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T17:45:08.832973","indexId":"70223907","displayToPublicDate":"1969-10-01T12:38:16","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey's gravity program in California","docAbstract":"<p>Since the 1963 gravity symposium, the U.S. Geological Survey has entered into a cooperative program with the California Division of Mines and Geology, the Army Map Service, and several universities for the purpose of completing a 5-mgal Bouguer gravity map of the entire State of California at a scale of 1:250,000 by 1970. The areal division of responsibility within the program is shown on a map of California by Chapman (p. 542).</p><p>It is evident from a plot of existing stations that considerably more data are required in the eastern Mojave Desert located in the southeastern corner of the state, and in the Sierra Nevada north of Lake Tahoe. Additional fill-in work is needed in nearly all parts of the state. The data requirements vary for a 5-mgal contour map depending on the local complexity of the gravity field; but in general, we are obtaining gravity stations at an interval of about 3 km along roads, trails, and rivers, and 5 to 8 km between these access routes by cross-country jeep, horseback, or helicopter if necessary. About 6000 new stations were obtained in California by the Geological Survey during 1968 and we expect to obtain about 3000 more in 1969.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO050i010p00543","usgsCitation":"Oliver, H., 1969, The U.S. Geological Survey's gravity program in California: Eos Science News, v. 50, no. 10, p. 543-545, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO050i010p00543.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"545","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70224621,"text":"70224621 - 1969 - The structure and tectonic history of the eastern Aleutian Trench","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-30T17:34:49.906947","indexId":"70224621","displayToPublicDate":"1969-10-01T12:24:36","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The structure and tectonic history of the eastern Aleutian Trench","docAbstract":"<p>The tectonic character of the eastern Aleutian Trench and some major events in its geologic history can be estimated from nine continuous seismic reflection records. A section of pre-trench, deep oceanic sediments rests on the down-warped crust that forms the trench. Nearly horizontal undeformed strata that unconformably overlie this deep oceanic section partially fill the trench. The trench fill is thickest near present sediment sources. A Pliocene age for development of the eastern Aleutian Trench is estimated from the thickness of deep oceanic sediment that accumulated after the trench began to fill. The eastern Aleutian Trench thus appears younger than the central Aleutian Trench—a relation which helps to explain the distribution of sediment along the two trench segments.</p><p>Depression of the eastern Aleutian Trench diminished or virtually ended soon after the trench began to fill. The undeformed fill provides no evidence for a large thrust fault zone at the base of the continental slope. Nor is there any evidence that oceanic sediments have disappeared beneath the continents in late Tertiary time. These observations are difficult to reconcile with the simple model of a continental margin advanced in the hypothesis of plate tectonics.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1889:TSATHO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"von Huene, R.E., and Shor, G.G., 1969, The structure and tectonic history of the eastern Aleutian Trench: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 10, p. 1889-1902, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1889:TSATHO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1889","endPage":"1902","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Trench, Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -169.3212890625,\n              52.855864177853974\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.0576171875,\n              52.07950600379697\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.80859375,\n              55.89995614406812\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.580078125,\n              60.673178565817715\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.205078125,\n              61.75233128411639\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.365234375,\n              53.85252660044951\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.3212890625,\n              52.855864177853974\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shor, George G. Jr.","contributorId":266140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shor","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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