To investigate the sensitivity of slip inversions to station distribution and choice of empirical Green’s function (EGF), we examine three microearthquakes that occurred within the high‐density LArge‐n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO) nodal seismic array. The LASSO array’s dense distribution of 1825 geophones provides an exceptional level of spatial and azimuthal coverage, allowing for more accurate inversions of slip than are possible with typical station distributions. The highly accurate slip inversions, in turn, allow for the exploration of the sensitivity of slip inversions to station distribution and parameter choices. We examine the effects of these choices using three well‐recorded strike‐slip microearthquakes (ML 1.7, 2.3, and 2.7) using an EGF method. From this analysis and the systematic testing of varied network arrangements, we find that station distributions that have uniform coverage of azimuth and distance can retrieve the overall pattern of slip, but the estimated amplitude of slip can vary by 30% for high‐slip regions due to small variations in station location. In addition, we find that the distance range that accurately resolves the overall pattern of slip is the one that contains the takeoff angles of 45°–65°. Concerning azimuthal coverage, a network with >270° performs similarly to having complete coverage. The choice of EGF can shift the location of resolved areas of slip and their amplitude, depending on its similarity in location and radiation pattern to the target earthquake.
Urban development is a well-known stressor for stream ecosystems, presenting a challenge to managers tasked with mitigating its effects. For the past 20 y, streamflow, water quality, geomorphology, and benthic communities were monitored in 5 watersheds in Montgomery County, Maryland, USA. This study presents a synthesis of multiple studies of monitoring efforts in the study area and new analysis of more recent monitoring data to document the primary lessons learned from monitoring. The monitored watersheds include a forested control, an urban control with centralized stormwater management, and 3 suburban treatment watersheds featuring low-impact development and a high density of infiltration-focused stormwater facilities distributed across the watershed. Treatment watersheds were monitored before development, during construction, and after development. Monitoring was initiated to inform adaptive management of stormwater and impervious cover limits within the study area, with a focus on the impacts of distributed stormwater management. Results from our synthesis indicate that distributed stormwater management is advantageous compared with centralized stormwater management in numerous ways. Hydrologic benefits were greater with distributed stormwater infrastructure, demonstrating the ability to mitigate runoff volumes and peak flows and, for small storms, replicate predevelopment conditions. Baseflow temporarily increased during the construction phase in the treatment watersheds. Water-quality benefits were mixed, with declines in baseflow nitrate concentrations but limited changes to nitrate export and increases in specific conductance after development. Substantial topographic changes occurred during construction in the treatment watersheds, including changes within the riparian zone, despite riparian buffer protections. Ecological monitoring indicated that even though index of biotic integrity scores rebounded in some cases, sensitive benthic macroinvertebrate families did not fully recover in the treatment watersheds. Lessons learned from this synthesis highlight the importance of tracking multiple indicators of stream health and considering past land use and that more stormwater facilities distributed across the watershed is beneficial but cannot mitigate the effects of all urban stressors on aquatic ecosystems.
Smear slide petrography has been a standard technique during scientific ocean drilling expeditions to characterize sediment composition and classify sediment types, but presentation of these percent estimates to track downcore trends in sediment composition has become less frequent over the past 2 decades. We compare semi-quantitative smear slide composition estimates to physical property (natural gamma radiation, NGR) and solid-phase geochemical (calcium carbonate, CaCO3 %) measurements from a range of marine depositional environments in the northern Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, Ninetyeast Ridge) collected during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 353. We show that presenting smear slide estimates as percentages, rather than abundance categories, reveals similar downcore variation in composition to the more quantitative core analyses. Overall downcore trends in total calcareous components from smear slides (foraminifers + nannofossils + shell fragments + authigenic carbonate) follow similar downcore trends to samples measured by CaCO3 coulometry. Total lithogenic components (clay + mica + quartz + feldspars + lithic grains + vitric grains + glauconite + heavy minerals + iron oxides) and clay from smear slides track reasonably well with NGR measurements. Comparison of site averages of absolute percentages of total calcium carbonate from coulometry and total calcareous components from smear slide observations reveals an overestimation in carbonate percentages in smear slides (likely due in part to underestimation of the clay fraction), especially in sediments rich in smectite clays. Differences in sediment color between sites and settling of clay particles during slide preparation may contribute to this discrepancy. Although smear slide estimates range in accuracy depending on the training of the operator, we suggest that sedimentologists describing cores obtained during scientific drilling can use the percent estimates of sedimentary components in smear slides to identify trends and cyclicity in marine sediment records.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus","doi":"10.5194/sd-30-59-2022","usgsCitation":"Phillips, S.C., and Littler, K., 2022, Comparison of sediment composition by smear slides to quantitative shipboard data: A case study on the utility of smear slide percent estimates, IODP Expedition 353, northern Indian Ocean: Scientific Drilling, v. 30, p. 59-74, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-59-2022.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"74","ipdsId":"IP-129904","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-59-2022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Northern Indian Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 65.126953125,\n 0\n ],\n [\n 100.01953125,\n 0\n ],\n [\n 100.01953125,\n 24.126701958681668\n ],\n [\n 65.126953125,\n 24.126701958681668\n ],\n [\n 65.126953125,\n 0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Stephen C. 0000-0003-0858-4701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-4701","contributorId":268177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Littler, Kate","contributorId":287090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Littler","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17840,"text":"University of Exeter","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70229706,"text":"70229706 - 2022 - Nekton community dynamics within active and inactive deltas in a major river estuary: Potential implications for altered hydrology regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-17T13:11:00.700596","indexId":"70229706","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-24T12:00:25","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":860,"text":"Aquatic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nekton community dynamics within active and inactive deltas in a major river estuary: Potential implications for altered hydrology regimes","docAbstract":"High fisheries production within estuaries is associated with coastal upwelling, tidal mixing, and land-based runoff facing increasing impacts from climate and human activities. Active river deltas receive large riverine inflows compared to inactive river deltas, providing contrasting estuaries to compare impacts of river inflow on estuarine nekton. We quantified nekton assemblages and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) of commercially important blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 within an active and inactive delta in coastal Louisiana to explore the impacts of differing riverine inflow. Crustaceans dominated estuarine assemblages, differing only by season and not delta type, with summer and fall supporting highest densities. Fish density and assemblages differed by the interaction of season and delta due to differences during the 2019 record high spring river inflow. During this period, the active delta supported reduced fish densities and richness compared to the inactive delta. Nekton densities across deltas and seasons reflect a combination of species life history characteristics and habitat conditions. The high spring river discharge in 2019 impacted habitat availability (reduced presence of submerged aquatic vegetation), water conditions (decreased temperature and salinity), and potentially displaced nekton to unsampled habitat areas (i.e. interior marsh surface) within the active delta. While differences in nekton density and assemblages were only evident during the high spring river discharge, δ15N values of blue crabs were approximately 1.5 times higher in the active delta, potentially indicating more terrestrial influence. Understanding how altered inflow impacts environmental variables supporting estuarine nekton production remains critical for supporting management within these hydrologically managed regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/ab00748","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.B., Nyman, J.A., and La Peyre, M., 2022, Nekton community dynamics within active and inactive deltas in a major river estuary: Potential implications for altered hydrology regimes: Aquatic Biology, v. 31, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00748.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-132543","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00748","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Delta Basin, Terrebonne Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.4337158203125,\n 29.16655229520015\n ],\n [\n -89.2694091796875,\n 29.16655229520015\n ],\n [\n -89.2694091796875,\n 30.088107753367257\n ],\n [\n -91.4337158203125,\n 30.088107753367257\n ],\n [\n -91.4337158203125,\n 29.16655229520015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Caleb B.","contributorId":288505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Caleb","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":61780,"text":"School of Renewable Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nyman, John Andrew","contributorId":288506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nyman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":61780,"text":"School of Renewable Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"La Peyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":264343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70228825,"text":"fs20223006 - 2022 - Illinois and Landsat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-21T15:55:11.063065","indexId":"fs20223006","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-24T10:34:09","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-3006","displayTitle":"Illinois and Landsat","title":"Illinois and Landsat","docAbstract":"Illinois is home to more than 12 million residents, including those living in Chicago, the third-largest city in the United States. Yet farmland claims about 75 percent of the largely flat terrain in Illinois. Tallgrass prairie once covered “The Prairie State,” and some remnants remain, but corn and soybeans are a far more common sight now. Adding variety to the landscape, beaches line the State’s Lake Michigan shoreline in the northeast, and more than 80,000 miles of rivers and streams flow along and through the State, including the central cities of Springfield and Peoria. Forests fill several million acres, mostly in the west and the rolling hills of the south.
Urban, agricultural, and forested areas each have environmental characteristics that are noticeable to those who live within them and to those who study the Earth’s surface from space. Landsat satellite data can reveal not only the current condition of these areas, but also when and where they have changed. A better knowledge of Illinois’ past helps its residents better prepare for the future.
Here are just a few examples of how Landsat benefits Illinois.
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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: February 24, 2022; Version 1.1: January 13, 2023","contact":"Program Coordinator, National Land Imaging Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Hawksbill sea turtles Eretmochelys imbricata inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands are extremely rare and listed as endangered under the US Endangered Species Act. The paucity of data on basic hawksbill ecology continues to hinder effective management of the species. We analyzed stranding data collected between 1984 and 2018 to gain insights into the distribution, demography, and conservation challenges facing hawksbills in Hawai‘i. In doing so, we present a comprehensive description of the population across developmental stages and rank threats that may be impeding their successful recovery. Over the >30 yr data set, we recorded a total of only 111 juvenile and adult hawksbill stranding events. Interactions with nearshore recreational fishing gear were documented for a large proportion (48.6%) of stranding events in the Hawaiian Islands, identifying this as the primary management challenge for the species. Stranding events were biased towards females (female to male sex ratio of 4.8:1.0), which may be indicative of the population as a whole. Even though the majority of hawksbills nest on the islands of Hawai‘i Moloka‘i, and Maui, the greatest number of juvenile to adult strandings was found to be on the island of Oahu (n = 47). Temporal distribution of the majority of adult hawksbill strandings (72.2%) occurred during a 4 mo period between June and September. We discuss these and other findings that help identify future research and conservation efforts to mitigate anthropogenic threats in Hawai‘i for this enigmatic population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/esr01167","usgsCitation":"Brunson, S., Gaos, A., Kelly, I., van Houtan, K., Swimmer, Y., Hargrove, S., Balazs, G., Work, T.M., and Jones, T., 2022, Three decades of stranding data reveal insights into endangered hawksbill sea turtles in Hawai‘i: Endangered Species Research, v. 47, p. 109-118, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01167.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"118","ipdsId":"IP-134533","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01167","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Groundwater levels were measured mainly from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. (times listed in Hawai‘i standard time) and provide a snapshot of groundwater levels during the survey period. Following a reported fuel release that affected groundwater quality in the Red Hill area, several production wells were shut down in the weeks prior to the synoptic survey. These wells include the Red Hill Shaft (shut down on November 28, 2021) and the Hālawa Shaft (shut down on December 3, 2021, except for weekly, short-duration operations for water-quality sampling). Groundwater levels measured in wells during the synoptic survey ranged from 16.34 to 19.77 feet above mean sea level.
The groundwater levels collected during the multiagency synoptic survey contain uncertainty because of several potential sources of error associated with (1) the accuracy of the measuring tapes used, (2) the accuracy of the measuring-point altitude at the top of each well, (3) well plumbness and alignment, (4) human error, and (5) changing conditions during the survey period. Because of these potential sources of error, comparability of groundwater-level measurements may be affected. Some of the sources of uncertainty can be addressed and lead to improved accuracy and comparability of the groundwater levels. For example, uncertainty associated with the measuring-point altitudes can be addressed by resurveying measuring-point altitudes to a common vertical datum using consistent surveying methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Nakama, R.K., Mitchell, J.N., and Oki, D.S., 2022, December 23, 2021, Red Hill synoptic groundwater-level survey, Hālawa area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1018, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221018.","productDescription":"Report: v, 10 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-137125","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1018/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":396394,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1018/ofr20221018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401563,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221048","text":"Open-File Report 2022-1048","description":"Nakama, R.K., Mitchell, J.N., and Oki, D.S., 2022, January 18, 2022, Red Hill synoptic groundwater-level survey, Hālawa area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1048, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221048.","linkHelpText":"- January 18, 2022, Red Hill Synoptic Groundwater-Level Survey, Hālawa Area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i"},{"id":396395,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS water data for the nation","description":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2022, USGS water data for the nation: U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information database, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN"},{"id":501763,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112526.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404438,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221069","text":"Open-File Report 2022-1069","description":"Nakama, R.K., Mitchell, J.N., and Oki, D.S., 2022, Groundwater-level monitoring from January 17 to March 3, 2022, Hālawa area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1069, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221069.","linkHelpText":"- Groundwater-Level Monitoring from January 17 to March 3, 2022, Hālawa Area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"O‘ahu, Hālawa area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.95867919921875,\n 21.332873489271286\n ],\n [\n -157.86117553710938,\n 21.332873489271286\n ],\n [\n -157.86117553710938,\n 21.410883719938866\n ],\n [\n -157.95867919921875,\n 21.410883719938866\n ],\n [\n -157.95867919921875,\n 21.332873489271286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
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A total of 4344 magmatic U-Pb ages in the range 2300 to 800 Ma have been compiled from the Great Proterozoic Accretionary Orogen along the margin of the Columbia / Nuna supercontinent and from the subsequent Grenvillian collisional orogens forming the core of Rodinia. The age data are derived from Laurentia (North America and Greenland, n = 1212), Baltica (NE Europe, n = 1922), Amazonia (central South America, n = 625), Kalahari (southern Africa and Dronning Maud Land in East Antarctica, n = 386), and western Australia (n = 199). Laurentia, Baltica, and Amazonia (and possibly other cratons) most likely formed a ca. 10 000-km-long external active continental margin of Columbia from its assembly at ca. 1800 Ma until its dispersal at ca. 1260 Ma, after which all cratons studied were involved in the Rodinia-forming Grenvillian orogeny. However, the magmatic record is not smooth and even but highly irregular, with marked peaks and troughs, both for individual cratons and the combined data set.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106463","usgsCitation":"Johansson, A., Bingen, B., Huhma, H., Waight, T., Vestergaard, R., Soesoo, A., Skridlaite, G., Krzeminska, E., Shumlyanskyy, L., Holland, M.E., Holm-Denoma, C., Teixeira, W., Faleiros, F., Riberio, B., Jacobs, J., Wang, C., Thomas, R., Macey, P., Kirkland, C., Hartnady, M., Eglington, B., Puetz, S., and Condie, K., 2022, A geochronological review of magmatism along the external margin of Columbia and in the Grenville-age orogens forming the core of Rodinia: Precambrian Research, v. 371, 106463, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106463.","productDescription":"106463, 43 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128915","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106463","text":"Publisher 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Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Puetz, Stephen","contributorId":331131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puetz","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79131,"text":"Progressive Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Condie, Kent","contributorId":331132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Condie","given":"Kent","affiliations":[{"id":34868,"text":"New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70229146,"text":"70229146 - 2022 - Pervasive, preferential flow through mega-thick unsaturated zones in the Southern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-01T16:53:28.674928","indexId":"70229146","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-24T06:58:49","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pervasive, preferential flow through mega-thick unsaturated zones in the Southern Great Basin","docAbstract":"Recharge from preferential flow through mega-thick (100–1,000 m) unsaturated zones is a pervasive phenomenon, as demonstrated with a case study of volcanic highland recharge areas in the Great Basin province in southern Nevada, USA. Statistically significant rising water-level trends occur for most study-area wells and resulted from a relatively wet period (1969–2005) in south-central Nevada. Wet and dry winters control water-level trends, with water levels rising within a few months to a year following a wet-winter recharge event and declining during sustained dry periods. Even though a megadrought has persisted since 2000, this drought condition did not preclude major recharge events. Modern groundwater reaching the water table is consistent with previous geochemical studies of the study area that indicate mixing of modern and late Pleistocene recharge water. First-order approximations and simple mixing models of modern and late Pleistocene water indicate that 10 to 40 percent of recharge is preferential flow and that modern recharge may play a larger role in the water budget than previously thought.
The Republican River is the primary inflow to Milford Lake and drains areas of Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado. Milford Lake has been listed as impaired and designated hypereutrophic by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment because of excessive nutrient loading. Milford Lake had confirmed harmful algal blooms every summer from 2011 through 2017 and in 2020 and 2021.
In the lower Republican River drainage basin, the Regional Conservation Partnership Program, administered by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, provides reimbursement to agricultural producers that implement best management practices intended to decrease sediment and nutrient runoff and loading into Milford Lake. Sediment and nutrient loads could potentially be driving factors in the development of harmful algal blooms in the reservoir.
Since July 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, has collected continuous and discrete water-quality data at the Republican River at Clay Center, Kansas, streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey station 06856600), which is about 15 river miles upstream from Milford Lake. This report documents site-specific regression models for the computation of continuous concentrations of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total carbon developed using continuous and discrete data collected from July 24, 2018, the date of continuous water-quality monitor installation, through March 31, 2021. The objective of this study is to characterize sediment and nutrient transport in the Milford Lake drainage basin before, during, and after best management practice implementation using the models described in this report.
The explanatory variable turbidity explained a high amount (72–96 percent) of the variance in suspended-sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total carbon concentrations. Statistical plots for the four selected models showed the desired normality and homoscedasticity in residuals, and model standard error ratios indicated that recomputing each selected model after removing a randomly selected 10 percent of the data did not substantially change model coefficients.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office","usgsCitation":"Leiker, B.M., 2022, Linear regression model documentation for computing water-quality constituent concentrations using continuous real-time water-quality data for the Republican River, Clay Center, Kansas, July 2018 through March 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5016, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225016.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 13 p.; 4 Appendixes; Dataset","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-133566","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396373,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5016/sir20225016_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"846 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022–5016 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"—Model Archive Summary for Suspended Sediment at U.S. Geological Survey Station 06856600, Republican River at Clay Center, Kansas, during July 2018 through March 2021"},{"id":396372,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5016/sir20225016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022–5016"},{"id":396371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5016/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":396377,"rank":7,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5016/images"},{"id":396374,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5016/sir20225016_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"788 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022–5016 Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"—Model Archive Summary for Total Nitrogen at U.S. Geological Survey Station 06856600, Republican River at Clay Center, Kansas, during July 2018 through March 2021"},{"id":396375,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5016/sir20225016_appendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"681 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022–5016 Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"—Model Archive Summary for Total Phosphorus at U.S. Geological Survey Station 06856600, Republican River at Clay Center, Kansas, during July 2018 through March 2021"},{"id":396376,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5016/sir20225016_appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"757 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022–5016 Appendix 4","linkHelpText":"—Model Archive Summary for Total Carbon at U.S. Geological Survey Station 06856600, Republican River at Clay Center, Kansas, during July 2018 through March 2021"},{"id":396378,"rank":8,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5016/sir20225016.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":396379,"rank":9,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":502367,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112525.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Clay Center","otherGeospatial":"Republican River drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.8170166015625,\n 39.03838632847035\n ],\n [\n -96.767578125,\n 39.172658670429946\n ],\n [\n -96.866455078125,\n 39.35129035526705\n ],\n [\n -97.01202392578125,\n 39.5146359327835\n ],\n [\n -97.0147705078125,\n 39.65857056750545\n ],\n [\n -96.99829101562499,\n 39.76632525654491\n ],\n [\n -97.14385986328125,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -97.4102783203125,\n 39.8992015115692\n ],\n [\n -97.74810791015625,\n 39.905522539728544\n ],\n [\n -97.92938232421875,\n 39.90762941952987\n ],\n [\n -98.22601318359375,\n 39.78954439311165\n ],\n [\n -98.228759765625,\n 39.65222681530652\n ],\n [\n -97.83050537109375,\n 39.50615988027491\n ],\n [\n -97.51190185546874,\n 39.42346418978382\n ],\n [\n -97.2344970703125,\n 39.3130504637139\n ],\n [\n -96.98181152343749,\n 39.034119526392836\n ],\n [\n -96.84997558593749,\n 39.00211029922515\n ],\n [\n -96.8170166015625,\n 39.03838632847035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
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1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
The Hydrate-01 Stratigraphic Test Well was drilled at the Kuparuk 7-11-12 site on the Alaska North Slope in December 2018. Sonic log data provide compressional (P) and shear (S) slowness from which we determine gas hydrate saturation (Sgh) estimates using effective medium theory. The sonic Sgh estimates compare favorably with Sgh estimated from resistivity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs, showing that gas hydrate occupies up to approximately 90% of the pore space in the target reservoir sands. The informally named B1 sand (2294 feet below mean sea level) shows lower VP/VS ratios than the D1 sand (2770 feet below mean sea level), with the lower part of the B1 sand showing lower VP/VS ratios than the upper part of the B1 sand. This corresponds to a stiffer, or more “cemented”, behavior for the lower B1 sand and less cemented behavior for the D1 sand. This trend could be due to differences in the reservoirs themselves or in the gas hydrate morphology or to both factors. We observe that the presence of gas hydrate in the upper B1 sand has greater impact on hydraulic permeability (measurements suggest a greater difference between intrinsic and effective permeability) than in the D1 sand, possibly related to gas hydrate morphology but more likely due simply to higher gas hydrate saturations in the upper B1 sand. Analyses of Sgh relative to porosity, shale fraction, and intrinsic permeability show that reservoir quality (as represented by these three metrics) exerts control on gas hydrate saturation. Grain size and mineralogy data show somewhat smaller grains and better sorting in the D1 reservoir relative to the upper B1 reservoir and smaller grains and greater clay fraction in the lower B1 reservoir relative to the other two reservoir zones. Together, these data suggest that reservoir characteristics play a role in the observed VP/VS patterns, but gas hydrate morphology (possibly varying with saturation) must also be considered.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants of concern due to their widespread occurrence in the environment, persistence, and potential to elicit a range of negative health effects. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are regularly detected in surface waters, but their effects on many aquatic organisms are still poorly understood. Species with thyroid-dependent development, like amphibians, can be especially susceptible to PFAS effects on thyroid hormone regulation. We examined sublethal effects of aquatic exposure to four commonly detected PFAS on larval northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens), American toads (Anaxyrus americanus), and eastern tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum). Animals were exposed for 30 days (frogs and salamanders) or until metamorphosis (toads) to 10, 100, or 1000 μg/L of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), or 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS). We determined that chronic exposure to common PFAS can negatively affect amphibian body condition and development at concentrations as low as 10 µg/L. These effects were highly species dependent, with species having prolonged larval development (frogs and salamanders) being more sensitive to PFAS than more rapidly developing species (toads). Our results demonstrate that some species could experience sublethal effects at sites with surface waters highly affected by PFAS. Our results also indicate that evaluating PFAS toxicity using a single species may not be sufficient for accurate amphibian risk assessment. Future studies are needed to determine whether these differences in susceptibility can be predicted from species' life histories and whether more commonly occurring environmental levels of PFAS could affect amphibians.
Scoping reviews, in which the literature on a given topic is systematically collated and summarized, aid literature searches and highlight knowledge gaps on a given topic, thus hastening scientific progress and informing conservation efforts. Because much research and conservation is targeted at the species level, ornithology and bird conservation would benefit from scoping reviews of individual species. We present and apply a framework for scoping reviews for three disparate raptor species: California Condor Gymnogyps californianus, Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja and Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus. We consulted expert panels to develop appropriate search strings and lists of essential literature, i.e. ‘benchmark articles’. We searched Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. Searches for California Condor, Harpy Eagle and Gyrfalcon returned 268, 138 and 343 articles, respectively, that discuss, review or collect empirical data for the focal species. Our searches returned all benchmark articles identified by species experts, indicating that the searches captured the most important work on each species. We coded each study according to the topic addressed, country and month in which data were collected. We also coded threats, stresses and conservation actions addressed by studies, following definitions used by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) during Red List assessments. Literature summaries for each species include the number of studies addressing certain topics, monthly timing of research and global maps of research focus. Our coding scheme revealed important knowledge gaps for each species. Effects of conservation actions on wild individuals were less studied for California Condors. Harpy Eagles were less studied outside of Brazil and Panama, and Gyrfalcons were less studied outside of their breeding season. Scoping reviews of the world's bird species would help to identify critical knowledge gaps, thereby aiding the global effort to assuage the sixth mass extinction.
Ecologically relevant references are useful for evaluating ecosystem recovery, but references that are temporally static may be less useful when environmental conditions and disturbances are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. This challenge is particularly acute for ecosystems dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), where communities may require decades to recover from disturbance. We demonstrated application of a dynamic reference approach to studying sagebrush recovery using three decades of sagebrush cover estimates from remote sensing (1985–2018). We modelled recovery on former oil and gas well pads (n = 1200) across southwestern Wyoming, USA, relative to paired references identified by the Disturbance Automated Reference Toolset. We also used quantile regression to account for unmodelled heterogeneity in recovery, and projected recovery from similar disturbance across the landscape. Responses to weather and site-level factors often differed among quantiles, and sagebrush recovery on former well pads increased more when paired reference sites had greater sagebrush cover. Little (<5%) of the landscape was projected to recover within 100 years for low to mid quantiles, and recovery often occurred at higher elevations with cool and moist annual conditions. Conversely, 48%–78% of the landscape recovered quickly (within 25 years) for high quantiles of sagebrush cover. Our study demonstrates advantages of using dynamic reference sites when studying vegetation recovery, as well as how additional inferences obtained from quantile regression can inform management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.8508","usgsCitation":"Monroe, A., Nauman, T.W., Aldridge, C.L., O’Donnell, M.S., Duniway, M.C., Cade, B.S., Manier, D., and Anderson, P.J., 2022, Assessing vegetation recovery from energy development using a dynamic reference approach: Ecology and Evolution, v. 12, no. 2, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8508.","productDescription":"e8508, 22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-129277","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8508","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OP5D76","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sagebrush recovery analyzed with a dynamic reference approach in southwestern Wyoming, USA 1985-2018"},{"id":396353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 43.88205730390537\n ],\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 41.02135510866602\n ],\n [\n -105.31494140625,\n 41.02135510866602\n ],\n [\n -109.281005859375,\n 43.874138181474734\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 43.88205730390537\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monroe, Adrian P. 0000-0003-0934-8225 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0000-0002-1105-1327","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-1327","contributorId":244206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manier","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70228826,"text":"70228826 - 2022 - Face-off: Novel depredation and nest defense behaviors between an invasive and a native predator in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-23T16:19:06.431573","indexId":"70228826","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-23T10:11:54","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Face-off: Novel depredation and nest defense behaviors between an invasive and a native predator in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"We describe several photo-documented novel interactions between intraguild predators in southern Florida—the native bobcat (Lynx rufus) and the invasive Burmese python (Python bivittatus). Over several days we documented a bobcat's depredation of an unguarded python nest and subsequent python nest defense behavior following the return of both animals to the nest. This is the first documentation of any animal in Florida preying on python eggs, and the first evidence or description of such antagonistic interactions at a python nest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.8639","usgsCitation":"Currylow, A.F., McCollister, M.F., Anderson, G.E., Josimovich, J.M., Fitzgerald, A.L., Romagosa, C.M., and Yackel Adams, A.A., 2022, Face-off: Novel depredation and nest defense behaviors between an invasive and a native predator in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA: Ecology and Evolution, v. 12, no. 2, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8639.","productDescription":"e8639, 6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-134051","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8639","text":"External Repository"},{"id":435947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97ZDQHY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Photo-documented sequences from 01 Jun 2021 - 30 Aug 2021 showing novel interactions between intraguild predators in southern Florida, USA, bobcat and Burmese python"},{"id":396350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.6336669921875,\n 24.472150437226865\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 24.472150437226865\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 27.27416111737468\n ],\n [\n -82.6336669921875,\n 27.27416111737468\n ],\n [\n -82.6336669921875,\n 24.472150437226865\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Currylow, Andrea Faye 0000-0003-1631-8964","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-8964","contributorId":257055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Currylow","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"Faye","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCollister, Matthew F.","contributorId":264909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCollister","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Gretchen Erika 0000-0002-5887-4961","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-4961","contributorId":271047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"Erika","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Josimovich, Jillian Maureen 0000-0002-7523-3496 jjosimovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7523-3496","contributorId":257058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josimovich","given":"Jillian","email":"jjosimovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Maureen","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Austin Lee 0000-0002-9016-1849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9016-1849","contributorId":264910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romagosa, Christina M.","contributorId":200925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romagosa","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yackel Adams, Amy A. 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":3116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70229800,"text":"70229800 - 2022 - Higher temperature sensitivity of flowering than leaf-out alters the time between phenophases across temperate tree species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-12T14:04:44.422624","indexId":"70229800","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-23T10:07:07","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Higher temperature sensitivity of flowering than leaf-out alters the time between phenophases across temperate tree species","docAbstract":"The aims of this study were to evaluate the changes in the length of the time period between leaf-out and flowering across temperate tree species, and associate these changes with potential physiological and environmental drivers to enhance mechanistic insight into these phenomena.
Central Europe.
1980–2016.
Six temperate woody species.
Statistical analyses were carried out based on long-term ground observations of both spring leaf-out and flowering across temperate tree species during 1980–2016, a period characterized by rapid warming.
The temperature sensitivity of flowering (−5.4 ± 0.04 days/℃, mean ± SE) was higher than that of leaf-out (−4.6 ± 0.04 days/℃) across all species, regardless of whether leaf-out occurred before or after flowering. This study postulates a hypothesis attributing the different temperature sensitivities to different thermal sensitivities, thermal requirements, and photoperiodic controls.
The larger temperature sensitivity of flowering than leaf-out resulted in an extended time period between flowering and leaf-out in species that bloom before leafing out, but a shorter time period between these phenophases in species with the opposite strategy. We would like to emphasize the importance of changes in time period between different phenophases, and we recommend conducting experimental research to reveal the underlying mechanisms of plant phenology response to climate change, and to explore its potential ecological implications.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/geb.13463","usgsCitation":"Geng, X., Fu, Y., Piao, S., Hao, F., De Boeck, H.J., Zhang, X., Chen, S., Guo, Y., Prevey, J.S., Vitasse, Y., Penuelas, J., Janssens, I.A., and Stenseth, N.C., 2022, Higher temperature sensitivity of flowering than leaf-out alters the time between phenophases across temperate tree species: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 31, no. 5, p. 901-911, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13463.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"901","endPage":"911","ipdsId":"IP-120459","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A30003","text":"External Repository"},{"id":397239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Austria, Croatia, Germany, Montenegro, Slovenia, Switzerland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[16.97967,48.1235],[16.90375,47.71487],[16.34058,47.7129],[16.53427,47.49617],[16.2023,46.85239],[16.3705,46.84133],[16.56481,46.50375],[16.88252,46.38063],[17.63007,45.95177],[18.45606,45.75948],[18.82984,45.90888],[19.07277,45.52151],[19.39048,45.23652],[19.00549,44.86023],[18.55321,45.08159],[17.86178,45.06774],[17.00215,45.23378],[16.53494,45.21161],[16.31816,45.00413],[15.95937,45.23378],[15.75003,44.81871],[16.23966,44.35114],[16.45644,44.04124],[16.91616,43.66772],[17.29737,43.44634],[17.67492,43.02856],[18.56,42.65],[18.70648,43.20011],[19.03165,43.43253],[19.21852,43.52384],[19.48389,43.35229],[19.63,43.21378],[19.95857,43.10604],[20.3398,42.89852],[20.25758,42.81275],[20.0707,42.58863],[19.80161,42.50009],[19.73805,42.68825],[19.30449,42.19574],[19.37177,41.87755],[19.16246,41.95502],[18.88214,42.28151],[18.45002040576871,42.479990627248036],[18.45002,42.47999],[17.50997,42.84999],[16.93001,43.21],[16.01538,43.50722],[15.17445,44.24319],[15.37625,44.31792],[14.92031,44.73848],[14.9016,45.07606],[14.25875,45.23378],[13.95225,44.80212],[13.65698,45.13694],[13.6794,45.48415],[13.71506,45.50032],[13.93763,45.59102],[13.69811,46.01678],[13.80648,46.50931],[12.37649,46.76756],[12.15309,47.11539],[11.16483,46.94158],[11.04856,46.75136],[10.4427,46.89355],[10.36338,46.48357],[9.92284,46.3149],[9.18288,46.44021],[8.96631,46.03693],[8.48995,46.00515],[8.31663,46.16364],[7.75599,45.82449],[7.27385,45.77695],[6.84359,45.99115],[6.5001,46.42967],[6.02261,46.27299],[6.03739,46.72578],[6.76871,47.28771],[6.73657,47.5418],[7.1922,47.44977],[7.46676,47.62058],[7.59368,48.33302],[8.09928,49.01778],[6.65823,49.20196],[6.18632,49.4638],[6.24275,49.90223],[6.04307,50.12805],[6.15666,50.80372],[5.98866,51.85162],[6.5894,51.85203],[6.84287,52.22844],[7.09205,53.14404],[6.90514,53.48216],[7.10042,53.69393],[7.93624,53.7483],[8.12171,53.52779],[8.80073,54.02079],[8.57212,54.39565],[8.52623,54.96274],[9.28205,54.83087],[9.92191,54.9831],[9.93958,54.59664],[10.95011,54.36361],[10.93947,54.00869],[11.95625,54.19649],[12.51844,54.47037],[13.64747,54.07551],[14.11969,53.75703],[14.35332,53.24817],[14.07452,52.98126],[14.4376,52.62485],[14.68503,52.08995],[14.6071,51.74519],[15.017,51.10667],[14.57072,51.00234],[14.30701,51.11727],[14.05623,50.92692],[13.33813,50.73323],[12.96684,50.48408],[12.24011,50.26634],[12.41519,49.96912],[12.52102,49.54742],[13.03133,49.30707],[13.59595,48.87717],[14.3389,48.55531],[14.90145,48.9644],[15.25342,49.03907],[16.02965,48.7339],[16.49928,48.78581],[16.96029,48.59698],[16.87998,48.47001],[16.97967,48.1235]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Austria\"}}]}","volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geng, 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0000-0001-7529-0370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-0370","contributorId":267846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belamaric","given":"Pairsa","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicole","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":47756,"text":"Student contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":835800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Laroe, Jillian Marie 0000-0002-1429-9811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-9811","contributorId":279978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laroe","given":"Jillian","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70239146,"text":"70239146 - 2022 - Fluoride in thermal and non-thermal groundwater: Insights from geochemical modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T13:08:08.17597","indexId":"70239146","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-23T07:06:50","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12990,"text":"Science of the Total Evironment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluoride in thermal and non-thermal groundwater: Insights from geochemical modeling","docAbstract":"High fluoride (F) groundwaters (>1 mg/L) have been recognized as a water quality problem for nearly a century and occur in many countries worldwide. The affected aquifers can be sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous rocks, but the process giving rise to high-F concentrations has been studied with geochemical modeling and an examination of the rock sources. The association of high-F with silicic igneous rocks such as granites and rhyolites results from magmatic differentiation (fractional crystallization, fractional melting, and crustal assimilation) wherein F is enriched in the liquid phase because of its incompatibility in the mafic minerals that crystallize early during cooling. Further development of F-rich groundwaters occurs during the evolution of Na-HCO3 waters because of removal of Ca through ion-exchange and calcite precipitation, thereby raising the F concentration from minerals like fluorite and fluorapatite to maintain solubility equilibrium. Increasing temperatures enhance this effect because of the retrograde solubility of calcite. From geochemical modeling using the PhreeqcI code, the primary variables controlling F concentrations are DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon), salinity (ionic strength), PCO2, and temperature. Complexing is also important but plays a more secondary role. Considering these variables, an improved set of plotting parameters, F/Cl vs. HCO3/Cl, are shown to be effective in interpreting groundwater analyses. This approach is demonstrated by examining case studies from the Black Creek aquifer, South Carolina, USA, the Madison regional aquifer, midwestern USA, the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory, Japan, New Zealand thermal waters, the San Luis Valley groundwaters, Colorado, USA, and the Aquia aquifer, Maryland, USA.
Mangrove surface elevation is the crux of mangrove vulnerability to sea level rise. Local topography influences critical periods of tidal inundation that govern distributions of mangrove species and dictates future distributions. This study surveyed ground surface elevations of the extensive mangroves of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, integrating four survey technologies to solve issues of canopy blocking satellite reception, dense aerial roots limiting line-of-sight, and remoteness from surveyed datums. The island-wide average elevation of the mangrove seaward edge was −0.57 ± 0.13 m relative to MSL, while the landward average elevation was 0.33 ± 0.12 m relative to MSL. The overall mangrove elevation range was thus estimated to be 0.90 m. Mangrove species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba had large, overlapping elevation ranges, while Rhizophora stylosa occurred low in the tide frame. These species are likely to be less vulnerable to rising sea level given their greater range of elevation occurrence and presumably flooding tolerance, and hence have the highest adaptive capacity to rising sea level. Some landward edge species had very narrow elevation ranges, increasing their vulnerability to sea-level rise, with adjacent potential upland migration areas limited due to steep topography and human development. Pohnpei mangroves occupied 74% of the mean tidal range, similar to surveys elsewhere in the Pacific. This study demonstrates how more extensive understanding of the elevation distributions of intertidal species can contribute to sea-level rise vulnerability assessments, to allow prioritised climate change adaptation. However, more work is needed in standardizing approaches for global comparisons.
Gas hydrate production technologies commonly feature reservoir depressurization. Depressurization occurs when a pressure gradient is established in a well, drawing mobile water from the reservoir and reducing reservoir pressure. As such, the occurrence of mobile water is a necessary condition for effective gas production from gas hydrate reservoirs using common borehole-based methods. However, recent field programs have revealed that mobile water exists widely within the overall gas hydrate reservoir system, including within overlying and underlying units once thought of as virtually impermeable seals. Further, excess free water may also be commonly found in hydrate-free or hydrate-poor permeable strata interbedded within the larger gas hydrate reservoir system. Such internal sources of water are complex to characterize, difficult to explain, potentially highly heterogeneous, and may pose significant challenges to depressurization-based production. This report summarizes the general occurrence of water in gas hydrate systems and select technical implications.
The study of volcano deformation has grown significantly through they year 2020 since the development of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) in the 1990s. This relatively new data source, which provides evidence of changes in subsurface magma storage and pressure without the need for ground-based equipment, has matured during the past decade. It now provides a means to address previously inaccessible questions and offers input to increasingly complex models of magmatic processes. Here, we review how technological advances in InSAR during 2010-2020 have facilitated our ability to monitor and interpret volcanic processes, primarily through rapid and accurate observations of the changing surfaces at active volcanoes worldwide. Specifically, we examine how current systems achieve excellent resolution in time and space, provide global coverage, and generate products that are easy to use by non-specialists—factors that have often limited the practical study of volcanoes using radar measurements. We also look to the future, offering our perspective about how advancements in technology and data management in the decade to come will increase the value and accessibility of InSAR applied to the geodetic study of volcanoes and monitoring of hazardous volcanic processes. New developments will include the launch of additional satellites by both public space agencies and private companies, as well as implementation of algorithms for exploiting the growing volumes of data. To meet their full potential, these efforts will require coordination between data users and data providers so that the relevant imagery is acquired, made available to volcanologists in a timely fashion, and utilized to assess and mitigate volcanic hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-022-01531-1","usgsCitation":"Poland, M., and Zebker, H., 2022, Volcano geodesy using InSAR in 2020: The past and next decades: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 84, no. 3, 27, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01531-1.","productDescription":"27, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133322","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":49920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zebker, Howard 0000-0001-9931-5237","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9931-5237","contributorId":289333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"Howard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}