{"pageNumber":"404","pageRowStart":"10075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11370,"records":[{"id":38849,"text":"pp543D - 1966 - Geologic effects of the March 1964 earthquake and associated seismic sea waves on Kodiak and nearby islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-17T19:34:30.778879","indexId":"pp543D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"543","chapter":"D","title":"Geologic effects of the March 1964 earthquake and associated seismic sea waves on Kodiak and nearby islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"Kodiak Island and the nearby islands constitute a mountainous landmass with an aggregate area of 4,900 square miles that lies at the western border of the Gulf of Alaska and from 20 to 40 miles off the Alaskan mainland. Igneous and metamorphic rocks underlie most of the area except for a narrow belt of moderately to poorly indurated rocks bordering the Gulf of Alaska coast and local accumulations of unconsolidated alluvial and marine deposits along the streams and coast. The area is relatively undeveloped and is sparsely inhabited. About 4,800 of the 5,700 permanent residents in the area live in the city of Kodiak or at the Kodiak Naval Station.\n\nThe great earthquake, which occurred on March 27, 1964, at 5:36 p.m. Alaska standard time (March 28,1964, 0336 Greenwich mean time), and had a Richter magnitude of 8.4-8.5, was the most severe earthquake felt on Kodiak Island and its nearby islands in modern times. Although the epicenter lies in Prince William Sound 250 miles northeast of Kodiak—the principal city of the area—the areal distribution of the thousands of aftershocks that followed it, the local tectonic deformation, and the estimated source area of the subsequent seismic sea wave, all suggest that the Kodiak group of islands lay immediately adjacent to, and northwest of, the focal region from which the elastic seismic energy was radiated. The duration of strong ground motion in the area was estimated at 2½ minutes. Locally, the tremors were preceded by sounds audible to the human ear and were reportedly accompanied in several places by visible ground waves.\n\nIntensity and felt duration of the shocks during the main earthquake and aftershock sequence varied markedly within the area and were strongly influenced by the local geologic environment. Estimated Mercalli intensities in most areas underlain by unconsolidated Quaternary deposits ranged from VIII to as high as IX. In contrast, intensities in areas of upper Tertiary rock ranged from VII to VIII, and in areas of relatively well indurated lower Tertiary and Mesozoic rocks, from VI to VII.\n\nLocal subsidence of as much as 10 feet was widespread in noncohesive granular deposits through compaction, flow, and sliding that resulted from vibratory loading during the earthquake. This phenomenon, which was largely restricted to saturated beach and alluvial deposits or artificial fill, was locally accompanied by extensive cracking of the ground and attendant ejection of water and water-sediment mixtures.\n\nNumerous landslides, including a wide variety of rockfalls, rockslides, and flows along steep slopes, were triggered by the long-duration horizontal and vertical accelerations during the earthquake. The landslides are most numerous in a narrow belt along the southeast coast of Kodiak Island and the nearby offshore islands. Their abundance appears to be related to an area underlain predominantly by Tertiary rocks.\n\nTemporary and permanent changes of level occurred after the earthquake in some wells, lakes, and streams throughout the area; ice was cracked, and the salinity of a few wells increased. Permanent change of water level at some localities appears to be related to readjustments of fracture porosity by earthquake-induced movements of bedrock blocks. Increased salinity of wells in coastal areas resulted from encroachment of seawater into aquifiers after subsidence during the earthquake, and to flooding of watersheds by seismic sea waves.\n\nVertical displacements, both downward and upward, occurred throughout the area as a result of crustal warping along a northeast-trending axis. Most of Kodiak and all of Afognak, Shuyak, and adjacent islands are within a regional zone of subsidence whose trough plunges gently northeastward and approximately coincides with the mountainous backbone of Kodiak Island. Subsidence in excess of 6 feet occurred throughout the northern part of the zone-a maximum subsidence of 6½ feet having occurred on Marmot and, eastern Afognak Islands. Southeast of the axis of tectonic tilting, uplift of at least 2lh feet occurred in a narrow zone that includes most of the southeasterly capes of Kodiak Island, the southeastern half of Sitkalidak Island, and Sitkinak Island. The uplift is inferred to extend offshore over much or all of the continental shelf adjacent to the Kodiak group of islands. Within the affected area, tectonic subsidence, which was locally augmented by surficial subsidence of unconsolidated. deposits, caused widespread inundation of shorelines and attendant damage to intertidal organisms, nearshore terrestrial vegetation, and salmon-spawning areas.\n\nThe most devastating effect of the earthquake on Kodiak Island and nearby islands resulted from seismic sea waves that probably originated along a linear zone of differential uplift in the Gulf of Alaska. A train of at least seven seismic sea waves, having initial periods of 50–55 minutes, struck along all the southeast coast of the island group from 38 to 63 minutes after the earthquake. The southeast shores were repeatedly washed by destructive waves having runup heights along exposed coasts of perhaps as much as 40 feet above existing tide level, and of 8–20 feet along protected shores. Runup heights of the waves were much less on the northwest and southwest sides of the islands, and no wave damage was incurred there. Locally, high-velocity currents that accompanied the waves caused intense erosion and redistribution of unconsolidated natural and artificial shore deposits and of shallow sea-floor deposits.\n\nThe Alaska earthquake was the greatest natural catastrophe to befall the Kodiak Island area in historic time. The combination of seismic shock and the earthquake-related tectonic deformation and seismic sea waves took 18 lives, destroyed property worth about $45 million, and resulted in estimated losses of income to the fishing industry of an additional $5 million.\n\nMost of the damage and all of the loss of life were directly attributable to the seismic sea waves that crippled the city of Kodiak, wiped out the village of Kaguyak, and destroyed most of the village of Old Harbor and parts of the villages of Afognak and Uzinki. Bridges and segments of the highways in the vicinity of the city of Kodiak were washed out, and parts of the Kodiak Naval Station were inundated and damaged. Especially serious to all the damaged communities was the loss of fishing boats, seafood processing plants, and other waterfront installations, which had been the mainstay of the economy.\n\nAdditional heavy losses resulted from the combined regional tectonic and local surficial subsidence that occurred during the earthquake. Widespread shoreline flooding by high tides necessitated raising, protecting, or removing many installations otherwise undamaged by the earthquake or waves.\n\nStructural damage attributable to seismic shock during the earthquake was relatively light and was restricted to areas underlain by saturated unconsolidated deposits. The chief structural failure in the area as a result of shaking was the collapse of part of a cannery built on saturated beach deposits that were partially liquefied during the earthquake. Minor structural damage resulted from differential settlement and cracking of the ground on natural granular deposits and artificial fills. The overwhelming majority of structures are constructed on indurated bedrock; none of these sustained damage other than small losses resulting from shifting about and breakage of their contents.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Regional effects (Professional Paper 543)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp543D","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., and Kachadoorian, R., 1966, Geologic effects of the March 1964 earthquake and associated seismic sea waves on Kodiak and nearby islands, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 543, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp543D.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"58","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. Office-Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp543D.gif"},{"id":65810,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0543d/pp543d_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396126,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99029.htm"},{"id":277741,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0543d/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Afognak Island, Kodiak Island, Marmot Island, Rasberry Island, Shuyak Island, Sitkalidak Island, Sitkinak Island, Spruce Island, Tugidak Island, Uganik Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155,\n              56.3778\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.6917,\n              56.3778\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.6917,\n              58.6444\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              58.6444\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              56.3778\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a633d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kachadoorian, Reuben","contributorId":24336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kachadoorian","given":"Reuben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":37301,"text":"rp16 - 1966 - Proceedings of the first international scientific meeting on the polar bear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T11:46:59","indexId":"rp16","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Proceedings of the first international scientific meeting on the polar bear","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Bureau Of Sport Fisheries And Wildlife, and University Of Alaska, 1966, Proceedings of the first international scientific meeting on the polar bear: Resource Publication 16, viii, 72 p.","productDescription":"viii, 72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bureau Of Sport Fisheries And Wildlife","contributorId":128243,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Bureau Of Sport Fisheries And Wildlife","id":529644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"University Of Alaska","contributorId":128238,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"University Of Alaska","id":529643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39102,"text":"pp303H - 1966 - Geology of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska. Part 3, areal geology","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42931,"text":"ofr6310 - 1963 - Preliminary geologic map of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska","indexId":"ofr6310","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39102,"text":"pp303H - 1966 - Geology of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska. Part 3, areal geology","indexId":"pp303H","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Geology of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska. Part 3, areal geology"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":42932,"text":"ofr6216 - 1962 - Preliminary geologic map of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska","indexId":"ofr6216","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39102,"text":"pp303H - 1966 - Geology of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska. Part 3, areal geology","indexId":"pp303H","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Geology of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska. Part 3, areal geology"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T19:37:36.845196","indexId":"pp303H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"303","chapter":"H","title":"Geology of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska. Part 3, areal geology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exploration of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 and adjacent areas, northern Alaska, 1944-53","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp303H","usgsCitation":"Brosge, W., and Morris, R.H., 1966, Geology of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska. Part 3, areal geology: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 303, Report: v, 138 p.; 8 Plates: 40.00 × 46.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp303H.","productDescription":"Report: v, 138 p.; 8 Plates: 40.00 × 46.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":66533,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0303h/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66537,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0303h/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66534,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0303h/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66538,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0303h/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104423,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4287.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4287"},{"id":66531,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0303h/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66539,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0303h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66536,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0303h/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66535,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0303h/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66532,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0303h/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0303h/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umiat-Maybe Creek region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155,\n              69.05\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.3333,\n              69.05\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.3333,\n              70.1231\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              70.1231\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              69.05\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosge, W. P.","contributorId":58248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, R. H.","contributorId":91853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":37297,"text":"rp12 - 1966 - Effects of toxaphene on fishes and bottom fauna of Big Kitoi Creek, Afognak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T11:40:05","indexId":"rp12","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"12","title":"Effects of toxaphene on fishes and bottom fauna of Big Kitoi Creek, Afognak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Meehan, W.R., and Sheridan, W.L., 1966, Effects of toxaphene on fishes and bottom fauna of Big Kitoi Creek, Afognak Island, Alaska: Resource Publication 12, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ffaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meehan, William R.","contributorId":25616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meehan","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheridan, William L.","contributorId":39031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70221299,"text":"70221299 - 1966 - Magnetic data on the structure of the central Arctic Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-09T13:34:02.726064","indexId":"70221299","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-01T08:29:47","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic data on the structure of the central Arctic Region","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study of 23,000 miles of total intensity aeromagnetic profiles in the&nbsp;</span>central<span>&nbsp;</span>Arctic<span>&nbsp;has been made by the U. S. Geological Survey and the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. The profiles were flown at 20,000 feet above sea level and cover approximately 1,350,000 square miles of the&nbsp;</span>Arctic<span>&nbsp;Ocean between the North Pole and the North American continent. When the profiles are smoothed to remove crustal anomalies, the resulting contoured values differ from the U. S. Hydrographic Office Chart 1703 N for 1955 corrected to 1951 by as much as 2000 gammas in the northern part of the&nbsp;</span>Arctic<span>&nbsp;Archipelago. A nondipole regional focus east of Greenland has decreased in amplitude but has changed very little in position since 1907.5. There is a profound difference in the&nbsp;</span>magnetic<span>&nbsp;characteristics of the rocks on either side of the underwater Lomonosov Ridge across the&nbsp;</span>Arctic<span>&nbsp;Ocean. In the Eurasian Basin the high-altitude profiles are relatively smooth or show only minor anomalies, but on the North American side of the ridge there is a large area of closely spaced, high-amplitude anomalies which has been designated the&nbsp;</span>Central<span>&nbsp;</span>Magnetic<span>&nbsp;Zone. Although the anomaly trends parallel the Alpha Rise, this zone is far more extensive, including nearly half of the Canadian Basin on one side and probably all the&nbsp;</span>Central<span>&nbsp;</span>Arctic<span>&nbsp;Basin on the other side of the rise. The Lomonosov Ridge is marked by a persistent anomaly of moderate size that indicates the presence of&nbsp;</span>magnetic<span>&nbsp;material in the ridge. Probable block-fault structures along the flanks of the Alpha Rise are associated with blocklike&nbsp;</span>magnetic<span>&nbsp;anomalies of comparable widths. A characteristic&nbsp;</span>magnetic<span>&nbsp;pattern occurs over an area of jagged bottom topography in the Eurasian Basin. A similar&nbsp;</span>magnetic<span>&nbsp;pattern over part of the Lena Trough may indicate another area of jagged topography. The belt of epicenters associated with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge continues through this rugged part of the Eurasian Basin, but the absence of the typical high&nbsp;</span>magnetic<span>&nbsp;anomaly makes it doubtful that the mid-oceanic ridge extends through this part of the&nbsp;</span>Arctic<span>.&nbsp;</span>Magnetic<span>&nbsp;</span>data<span>&nbsp;indicate that the thick sections of sedimentary rocks in the Paleozoic geosynclinal belts of northern Ellesmere Island and northern Greenland continue out under the adjacent continental shelves north of Greenland, west of the&nbsp;</span>Arctic<span>&nbsp;Archipelago, north of the part of Alaska east of Barrow, and under part of the Chukchi Shelf, and that they make up the bulk of the Nansen Swell off Spitsbergen. Thick sedimentary fill is indicated in the magnetically flat areas of the Eurasian Basin next to the Lomonosov Ridge and in the southern part of the Canadian Basin. The&nbsp;</span>magnetic<span>&nbsp;profiles on the Eurasian side of the Lomonosov Ridge closely resemble typical&nbsp;</span>magnetic<span>&nbsp;profiles over both Atlantic and Pacific oceans, where as the profiles of the&nbsp;</span>Central<span>&nbsp;</span>Magnetic<span>&nbsp;Zone on the North American side of the Lomonosov Ridge are completely unlike the oceanic&nbsp;</span>data<span>&nbsp;and show a striking similarity to typical profiles over the Precambrian rocks of the Canadian Shield and its buried equivalent under the&nbsp;</span>Central<span>&nbsp;Stable&nbsp;</span>Region<span>&nbsp;of the United States. Therefore, it is concluded that the&nbsp;</span>Arctic<span>&nbsp;</span>region<span>&nbsp;consists of a probable oceanic area on the Eurasian side and a basin formed by downdropped continental rocks, presumably a Precambrian complex similar to that of the Canadian Shield, on the North American side of the ridge.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[619:MDOTSO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"King, E.R., Zietz, I., and Alldredge, L., 1966, Magnetic data on the structure of the central Arctic Region: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, no. 6, p. 619-646, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[619:MDOTSO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"646","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Circle","volume":"77","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, E. R.","contributorId":93482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zietz, I.","contributorId":59937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zietz","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70010733,"text":"70010733 - 1966 - Exposure of basement rock on the continental slope of the Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-10T16:20:24.583047","indexId":"70010733","displayToPublicDate":"1966-08-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exposure of basement rock on the continental slope of the Bering Sea","docAbstract":"Profiles of repetitive seismic reflections reveal that the Bering continental slope, outer shelf, and rise overlay an acoustically reflective \"basement\" which extends at least 750 kilometers parallel to the trend of the slope. This acoustic basement is usually covered by several hundred meters of stratified sediments at the top and bottom of the slope; however, it is exposed in submarine canyons and flanking spurs along the main part of the slope for a distance of at least 550 kilometers northwest of the Pribilof Islands. The lithologic composition and the age of the rocks of the acoustic basement are not known. However, its probable seismic velocity of 3.1 to 3.7 kilometers per second suggests that it is composed of volcanic rocks or lithified sedimentary rocks or both. The regional geology suggests that the acoustic basement is the upper surface of folded late Mesozoic rocks which were locally intruded by granite and serpentine. The structure of the Bering slope, as deduced from the acoustic profiles, suggests that the surface of the basement has been monoclinically flexed and faulted between the shelf edge and the deep Aleutian Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.153.3739.992","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D., Buffington, E.C., and Hopkins, D., 1966, Exposure of basement rock on the continental slope of the Bering Sea: Science, v. 153, no. 3739, p. 992-994, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.153.3739.992.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"992","endPage":"994","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Pribilof Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -170.91610870942412,\n              57.25766322067432\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.91610870942412,\n              56.50003213159275\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.00747244997436,\n              56.50003213159275\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.00747244997436,\n              57.25766322067432\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.91610870942412,\n              57.25766322067432\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"153","issue":"3739","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e30e4b0c8380cd5333b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buffington, E. C.","contributorId":13948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopkins, D.M.","contributorId":103646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":835,"text":"835 - 1966 - Water resources data for Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T14:04:26","indexId":"835","displayToPublicDate":"1966-01-01T14:02:50","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data for Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/835","collaboration":"Prepared by U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division in cooperation with the state of Alaska and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1966, Water resources data for Alaska, https://doi.org/10.3133/835.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.44,51.21 ], [ 172.44,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.44,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1efe1e4b0fe532be2dea7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221265,"text":"70221265 - 1966 - Evidence for an early recent warm interval in northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-09T14:58:50.904608","indexId":"70221265","displayToPublicDate":"1966-01-01T13:39:40","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for an early recent warm interval in northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>A&nbsp;</span>warm<span>&nbsp;</span>interval<span>&nbsp;that began at least 10,000 years ago and lasted until at least 8300 years ago is recorded&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the coastal tundra covered area of&nbsp;</span>northwestern<span>&nbsp;</span>Alaska<span>&nbsp;by the presence of fossil wood of tree size or tree species, fossil beaver-gnawed wood found beyond the modern range of beaver,&nbsp;</span>evidence<span>&nbsp;of ice-wedge melting, buried soils, and soils that extend below the top of modern permafrost. Dating of the&nbsp;</span>warm<span>&nbsp;</span>interval<span>&nbsp;is based on eight radiocarbon dates. Although these do not provide tight control for either the beginning or the end, they permit the interpretation that the&nbsp;</span>warm<span>&nbsp;event began at the start of the worldwide, postglacial warming and that it ended at the time of the Anivik Lake glacial readvance&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the Brooks Range. If this is correct, the&nbsp;</span>early<span>&nbsp;</span>Recent<span>&nbsp;</span>warm<span>&nbsp;</span>interval<span>&nbsp;and the \"postglacial thermal maximum\" recognized by Livingstone&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the Brooks Range were separated by a period of cooler climate. Deposits 7200 and 3600 years old also record moments when the climate was warmer than at present&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;coastal&nbsp;</span>northwestern<span>&nbsp;</span>Alaska<span>. Although these may record a continuation of the&nbsp;</span>early<span>&nbsp;</span>Recent<span>&nbsp;</span>warm<span>&nbsp;period, it seems more likely that they represent later and separate brief intervals of warmer climate. A postglacial thermal maximum between 6000 and 3000 years ago is recorded by pollen profiles&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the Brooks Range, but is not clearly recorded&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the coastal areas of&nbsp;</span>northwestern<span>&nbsp;</span>Alaska<span>. We suggest that as sea level rose to near its present position, the accompanying maritime climate lowered summer temperatures&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;this coastal area during the time at which areas farther inland were experiencing the high temperatures of the postglacial thermal maximum.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[1089:EFAERW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"McCulloch, D.S., and Hopkins, D., 1966, Evidence for an early recent warm interval in northwestern Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, no. 10, p. 1089-1108, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[1089:EFAERW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1108","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northwest Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              66.79190947341796\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.7109375,\n              66.79190947341796\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.7109375,\n              71.52490903732816\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              71.52490903732816\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              66.79190947341796\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"77","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCulloch, David S. dmccullo@usgs.gov","contributorId":3100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"David","email":"dmccullo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":817191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, David M.","contributorId":37409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32749,"text":"pp398B - 1966 - Tertiary plants from the Cook Inlet region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T11:07:30.688434","indexId":"pp398B","displayToPublicDate":"1966-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"398","chapter":"B","title":"Tertiary plants from the Cook Inlet region, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp398B","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, J.A., 1966, Tertiary plants from the Cook Inlet region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 398, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp398B.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":113069,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0398b/report.pdf","size":"7055","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161357,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0398b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.49335555813485,\n              59.2550699570248\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.11236946202675,\n              59.2550699570248\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.11236946202675,\n              61.595366490271346\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.49335555813485,\n              61.595366490271346\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.49335555813485,\n              59.2550699570248\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db685030","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, J. A.","contributorId":14026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2001061,"text":"2001061 - 1966 - Effects of toxaphene on fishes and bottom fauna of Big Kitoi Creek, Afognak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:59","indexId":"2001061","displayToPublicDate":"1966-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"8","title":"Effects of toxaphene on fishes and bottom fauna of Big Kitoi Creek, Afognak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Meehan, W., and Sheridan, W., 1966, Effects of toxaphene on fishes and bottom fauna of Big Kitoi Creek, Afognak Island, Alaska: Investigations in Fish Control 8, 8.","productDescription":"8","startPage":"0","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610019","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meehan, W.R.","contributorId":45031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meehan","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheridan, W.L.","contributorId":57982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":32611,"text":"pp543C - 1966 - Gravity survey and regional geology of the Prince William Sound epicentral region, Alaska","indexId":"pp543C","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Gravity survey and regional geology of the Prince William Sound epicentral region, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":32628,"text":"pp543A - 1966 - Slide-induced waves, seiching and ground fracturing caused by the earthquake of March 27, 1964 at Kenai Lake, Alaska","indexId":"pp543A","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Slide-induced waves, seiching and ground fracturing caused by the earthquake of March 27, 1964 at Kenai Lake, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":32678,"text":"pp543H - 1969 - Erosion and deposition on a beach raised by the 1964 earthquake Montague Island, Alaska","indexId":"pp543H","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Erosion and deposition on a beach raised by the 1964 earthquake Montague Island, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":38815,"text":"pp543F - 1967 - Ground breakage and associated effects in the Cook Inlet area, Alaska, resulting from the March 27, 1964, earthquake","indexId":"pp543F","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Ground breakage and associated effects in the Cook Inlet area, Alaska, resulting from the March 27, 1964, earthquake"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":38816,"text":"pp543G - 1967 - Surface faults on Montague Island associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake","indexId":"pp543G","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Surface faults on Montague Island associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":38817,"text":"pp543I - 1969 - Tectonics of the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake","indexId":"pp543I","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Tectonics of the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":38818,"text":"pp543J - 1968 - Effects of the Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964, on shore processes and beach morphology","indexId":"pp543J","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Effects of the Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964, on shore processes and beach morphology"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":7},{"subject":{"id":38848,"text":"pp543B - 1966 - Geomorphic effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 in the Martin-Bering Rivers area, Alaska","indexId":"pp543B","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geomorphic effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 in the Martin-Bering Rivers area, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":8},{"subject":{"id":38850,"text":"pp543E - 1966 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, in the Copper River Basin area, Alaska","indexId":"pp543E","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, in the Copper River Basin area, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048225,"text":"pp543 - 1966 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","indexId":"pp543","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects"},"id":9}],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-24T15:01:35","indexId":"pp543","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T13:47:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"543","title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects","docAbstract":"This is the third in a series of six reports that the U.S. Geological Survey published on the results of a comprehensive geologic study that began, as a reconnaissance survey, within 24 hours after the March 27, 1964, Magnitude 9.2 Great Alaska Earthquake and extended, as detailed investigations, through several field seasons. The 1964 Great Alaska earthquake was the largest earthquake in the U.S. since 1700. Professional Paper 543, in 10 parts, describes the regional geologic effects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp543","usgsCitation":"McCulloch, D.S., Tuthill, S.J., Laird, W.M., Case, J.E., Barnes, D., Plafker, G., Robbins, S.L., Kachadoorian, R., Ferrians, O.J., Foster, H.L., Karlstrom, T., Kirkby, M.J., Kirkby, A.V., and Stanley, K.W., 1966, The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: regional effects: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 543, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp543.","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. Office-Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277635,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0543/"},{"id":277636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp543.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai Lake;Prince William Sound;Kodiak Island;Copper River Basin;Cook Inlet;Montague Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -174.1,51.8 ], [ -174.1,64.0 ], [ -141.2,64.0 ], [ -141.2,51.8 ], [ -174.1,51.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd76c7e4b0b2908510b1d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCulloch, David S. dmccullo@usgs.gov","contributorId":3100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"David","email":"dmccullo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tuthill, Samuel J.","contributorId":17517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuthill","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laird, Wilson M.","contributorId":53473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laird","given":"Wilson","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, J. E.","contributorId":56625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnes, D.F.","contributorId":48960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robbins, S. 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J.","contributorId":55322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkby","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kirkby, Anne V.","contributorId":108013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkby","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Stanley, Kirk W.","contributorId":8900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":38844,"text":"pp542A - 1965 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Anchorage, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38844,"text":"pp542A - 1965 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Anchorage, Alaska","indexId":"pp542A","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Anchorage, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-28T19:13:46.811205","indexId":"pp542A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"542","chapter":"A","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Anchorage, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Anchorage, Alaska’s largest city, is about 80 miles west-northwest of the epicenter of the March 27 earthquake. Because of its size, Anchorage bore the brunt of property damage from the quake; it sustained greater losses than all the rest of Alaska combined. Damage was caused by direct seismic vibration, by ground cracks, and by landslides. Direct seismic vibration affected chiefly multistory buildings and buildings having large floor areas, probably because of the long period and large amplitude of the seismic waves reaching Anchorage. Most small buildings were spared. Ground cracks caused capricious damage throughout the Anchorage Lowland. Cracking was most prevalent near the heads or within landslides but was also widespread elsewhere. Landslides themselves caused the most devastating damage.</p><p>Triggering of landslides by the earthquake was related to the physical-engineering properties of the Bootlegger Cove Clay, a glacial estuarine-marine deposit that underlies much of the Anchorage area. The Bootlegger Cove Clay contains zones of low shear strength, high water content, and high sensitivity that failed under the vibratory stress of the earthquake. Shear strength in sensitive zones ranged from less than 0.2 tsf to about 0.5 tsf; sensitivity ranged from about 10 to more than 40. Sensitive zones generally are centered about 10 to 20 feet above sea level, between zones of stiff insensitive clay. Many physical tests by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers were directed toward analyzing the causes of failure in the Bootlegger Cove Clay and finding possible remedies. Strengths and sensitivities were measured directly in the field by means of vane shear apparatus. A4tterberg limits, natural water contents, triaxial shear, sensitivity, dynamic modulus, consolidation strength, and other properties were measured in the laboratory. Pulsating-load tests simulated earthquake loading.</p><p>Most of the destructive landslides in the Anchorage area moved primarily by translation rather than by rotation. Thus, all the highly damaging slides were of a single structural dynamic family despite wide variations in size, appearance, and complexity. They slid on nearly horizontal slip surfaces after loss of strength in the Bootlegger Core Clay. Same failures are attributed to spontaneous liquefaction of sand layers. All translatory slides surmounted flat-topped bluffs bounded marginally by steep slopes facing lower ground. Destructive translatory slides occurred in the downtown area (Fourth Avenue slide and L Street slide), at Government Hill, and at Turnagain Heights. Less destructive slides occurred in many other places-mostly uninhabited or undeveloped areas.</p><p>In most translatory slides, damage was greatest in graben areas at the head and in pressure-ridge areas at the toe. Many buildings inside the perimeters of slide blocks were little damaged despite horizontal translations of several feet. The large Turnagain Heights slide, however, was characterized by a complete disintegration and drastic lowering of the prequake land surface. Extensive damage back from the slide, moreover, was caused by countless tension cracks.</p><p>An approximation of the depth of failure in the Bootlegger Cove Clay in the various slides may be obtained by using a geometric relationship herein called the \"graben rule.\" Because the cross-sectional area of the graben at the head of the slide approximated the cross-sectional area of the space voided behind the slide block as the block moved outward, the depth of failure was equal to the area of the graben divided by the lateral displacement. This approximation supplements and accords with test data obtained from borings. The graben rule should apply to any translatory slide in which flowage of material from the zone of failure has not been excessive.</p><p>Geologic evidence indicates that landslides similar to those triggered by the March 27 earthquake have occurred in the Anchorage area at various times in the past.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities (Professional Paper 542)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/pp542A","usgsCitation":"Hansen, W.R., 1965, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542, Report: iv, 68 p.; 2 Plates: 50.44 x 26.21 inches and 35.05 x 10.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp542A.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 68 p.; 2 Plates: 50.44 x 26.21 inches and 35.05 x 10.13 inches","numberOfPages":"77","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. 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,{"id":38845,"text":"pp542B - 1965 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Whittier, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38845,"text":"pp542B - 1965 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Whittier, Alaska","indexId":"pp542B","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Whittier, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-28T20:06:42.908474","indexId":"pp542B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"542","chapter":"B","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Whittier, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Whittier, Alaska, lying at the western end of Passage Canal, is an ocean terminal of The Alaska Railroad. The earthquake that shook south-central Alaska at 5:36 p.m. (Alaska Standard Time) on March 27, 1964, took the lives of 13 persons and caused more than $5 million worth of damage to Government and private property at Whittier.</p>\n</br>\n<p>Seismic motion lasted only 2½-3 minutes, but when it stopped the Whittier waterfront was in shambles land the port facilities were inoperable. Damage was caused by (1) a 5.3-foot subsidence of the landmass, sufficient to put some of the developed land under water during high tides, (2) seismic shock, (3) fracturing of fill and unconsolidated sediments, (4) compaction of fill and unconsolidated deposits, (5) submarine landslides which generated waves that destroyed part of The Alaska Railroad roadbed and other property, (6) at least two, but probably three, waves generated by landslides, which completely wrecked the buildings of two lumber companies, the stub pier, the small-boat harbor, the car-barge slip dock, and several homes, and (7) fire that destroyed the fuel-storage tanks at the Whittier waterfront.</p>\n</br>\n<p>Many buildings and other facilities were totally wrecked, others were damaged to lesser degrees. For example, the 14-story reinforced concrete Hodge Building, which rests upon at least 44 feet of sandy gravel, was moderately damaged by seismic shock, but the six-story reinforced-concrete Buckner Building, which rests upon bedrock, was only slightly damaged.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities (Professional Paper 542)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/pp542B","usgsCitation":"Kachadoorian, R., 1965, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Whittier, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542, Report: vi, 21 p.; 3 Plates: 40 x 20.5 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp542B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 21 p.; 3 Plates: 40 x 20.5 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"29","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. Office-Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":65806,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542b/pp542b_plate2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65805,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542b/pp542b_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65808,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542b/pp542b_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":399842,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4584.htm"},{"id":122275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":104502,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542b/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4584"},{"id":65807,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542b/pp542b_plate3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"4800","datum":"Preearthquake Mean Sea Level","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Whittier","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -148.739934,60.765962 ], [ -148.739934,60.787502 ], [ -148.64941,60.787502 ], [ -148.64941,60.765962 ], [ -148.739934,60.765962 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kachadoorian, Reuben","contributorId":24336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kachadoorian","given":"Reuben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":41168,"text":"ofr6596 - 1965 - Preliminary geologic map of northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:51","indexId":"ofr6596","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"65-96","title":"Preliminary geologic map of northern Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6596","usgsCitation":"Lathram, E.H., 1965, Preliminary geologic map of northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 65-96, 1 map on two sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6596.","productDescription":"1 map on two sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":78998,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1965/0096/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78999,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1965/0096/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67befe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lathram, Ernest Hartwell","contributorId":35345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathram","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"Hartwell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33907,"text":"b1211A - 1965 - Geologic reconnaissance of the West Creek damsite near Skagway, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:43","indexId":"b1211A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1211","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic reconnaissance of the West Creek damsite near Skagway, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1211A","usgsCitation":"Callahan, J.E., and Wayland, R.G., 1965, Geologic reconnaissance of the West Creek damsite near Skagway, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1211, p. A1-A13, ill., map (1 fold. in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1211A.","productDescription":"p. A1-A13, ill., map (1 fold. in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109505,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20999.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20999"},{"id":167215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1211a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61800,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1211a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":61801,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1211a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callahan, James E.","contributorId":7273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wayland, Russell Gibson","contributorId":12072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayland","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"Gibson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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,{"id":52503,"text":"ofr65151 - 1965 - Water resources appraisal of the Anchorage area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T20:27:13.82275","indexId":"ofr65151","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"65-151","title":"Water resources appraisal of the Anchorage area, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>At the present, water use in the Anchorage area amounts to about 21 mgd (million gallons per day); of this amount ground water accounts for about 10 mgd. By 1980, 60 mgd may be required to meet the demand.</p><p>The greatest potential problem is overpumping the ground-water reservoir resulting in excessive declines in water levels, which, in turn, might lead to salt-water intrusion. A well-laid plan for conjunctive use of surface and ground water seems to be the most promising means of supplying the expected need of 60 mgd, and of preventing saltwater intrusion of the aquifers.</p><p>Total inflow into the Anchorage hydrologic system amounts to about 180 mgd. Of this amount Ship and South Fork Campbell Creeks contribute about 130 mgd, North Fork Campbell Creek and other streams contribute an estimated 24 mgd, and precipitation and ground-water inflow contribute an estimated 26 mgd.</p><p>Of the total outflow, which must be equivalent to the inflow, Ship and Chester Creeks contribute about 94 mgd, Campbell Creek about 25 mgd, and ground-water pumpage contributes an assumed amount of approximately 10 mgd. The difference of 50 mgd between inflow and outflow presumably is accounted for; by submarine discharge beneath Cook Inlet and evapotranspiration.</p><p>Surface and subsurface storage of excess stream discharge during periods of high flow can overcome the problem of water shortages during periods of greatest demand. Surface storage can be accomplished by construction of an additional dam on Ship Creek. Natural ground-water storage can be supplemented by spreading techniques to increase the amount of ground-water recharge. Additional recharge can be provided by returning air-conditioning water to the aquifer through recharge wells. Recharge along the coastline would be a means of maintaining a fresh-water barrier against salt-water intrusion.</p><p>The area with the greatest potential for ground-water development is along Ship Creek east and north of Mountain View. The alluvial fan east of Mountain View seems favorable for installation of deep wells; and withdrawal of ground water in this area is not likely to result in salt-water intrusion. Similar favorable conditions exist in the alluvial fan areas of North and South Forks Campbell Creek. Infiltration galleries in alluvial deposits along Ship Creek are a relatively inexpensive and convenient means of withdrawing water.</p><p>To plan for orderly and economical development of the Anchorage area's water resources, geologic and hydrologic studies are needed. An expanded network of stream-gaging stations and observation wells is needed. Deep wells near the coastline are needed to monitor any changes in chemical quality of ground water that would indicate impending salt-water intrusion. Borehole geophysical studies and pumping tests are needed to define the boundaries and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers. The primary goal of these and other supplementing studies would be to provide the information needed to construct an electric-analog model of the Anchorage hydrologic system. Such a model would provide a means of assessing quantitatively alternative methods of water development.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr65151","usgsCitation":"Sommers, D.A., and Marcher, M.V., 1965, Water resources appraisal of the Anchorage area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 65-151, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr65151.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1965/0151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1965/0151/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.0148756092472,\n              61.267767521656054\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.0148756092472,\n              61.119542274353336\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.69627209362233,\n              61.119542274353336\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.69627209362233,\n              61.267767521656054\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.0148756092472,\n              61.267767521656054\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sommers, David A.","contributorId":96761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommers","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcher, Melvin V.","contributorId":11590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcher","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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