Many ecological processes depend on the regular rise and fall of water levels (WLs), and artificial manipulations to WL regimes can impair important ecosystem services. Previous research has suggested that differences in WL between late summer and early spring may alter the suitability of shoals used by Walleyes Sander vitreus for spawning. Other species, such as the Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, are unlikely to be affected in the same way by WL fluctuations because their spawning requirements are quite different. We used 11–23 years of data from six northern Minnesota lakes to assess the effects of WL fluctuations on the abundances of young-of-the-year (age-0) Walleyes and Yellow Perch. In two lakes (Rainy Lake and Lake Kabetogama), a change in WL management occurred in 2000, after which these lakes saw increased age-0 Walleye abundance, while the other study lakes experienced decreases or no change. Rainy Lake and Lake Kabetogama also had increases in age-0 Yellow Perch, but another study lake did also. We used partial least-squares regression to assess whether WL metrics were associated with variation in age-0 Walleye and Yellow Perch abundances, but WL metrics were seldom associated with age-0 abundance for either species. Our analysis suggested a potential influence of WL regulation on age-0 Walleye abundance, but we found no evidence that early spring access to spawning shoals was the mechanism by which this occurred.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2016.1214645","usgsCitation":"Larson, J.H., Staples, D.F., Maki, R., Vallazza, J., Knights, B.C., and Peterson, K.E., 2016, Do water level fluctuations influence production of walleye and yellow perch young-of-the-year in large northern lakes?: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1425-1436, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2016.1214645.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1436","ipdsId":"IP-061712","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Do_Water_Level_Fluctuations_Influence_Production_of_Walleye_and_Yellow_Perch_Young-of-the-Year_in_Large_Northern_Lakes_/4223739","text":"External Repository"},{"id":332190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5853ba40e4b0e2663625f2b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staples, David F.","contributorId":150561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staples","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maki, Ryan P.","contributorId":100111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maki","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vallazza, Jon M. jvallazza@usgs.gov","contributorId":139282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jon M.","email":"jvallazza@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":655946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Kevin E.","contributorId":177489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178631,"text":"70178631 - 2016 - Direct photolysis rates and transformation pathways of the lampricides TFM and niclosamide in simulated sunlight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T16:12:02","indexId":"70178631","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct photolysis rates and transformation pathways of the lampricides TFM and niclosamide in simulated sunlight","docAbstract":"The lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) are directly added to many tributaries of the Great Lakes that harbor the invasive parasitic sea lamprey. Despite their long history of use, the fate of lampricides is not well understood. This study evaluates the rate and pathway of direct photodegradation of both lampricides under simulated sunlight. The estimated half-lives of TFM range from 16.6 ± 0.2 h (pH 9) to 32.9 ± 1.0 h (pH 6), while the half-lives of niclosamide range from 8.88 ± 0.52 days (pH 6) to 382 ± 83 days (pH 9) assuming continuous irradiation over a water depth of 55 cm. Both compounds degrade to form a series of aromatic intermediates, simple organic acids, ring cleavage products, and inorganic ions. Experimental data were used to construct a kinetic model which demonstrates that the aromatic products of TFM undergo rapid photolysis and emphasizes that niclosamide degradation is the rate-limiting step to dehalogenation and mineralization of the lampricide. This study demonstrates that TFM photodegradation is likely to occur on the time scale of lampricide applications (2–5 days), while niclosamide, the less selective lampricide, will undergo minimal direct photodegradation during its passage to the Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b02607","usgsCitation":"McConville, M.B., Hubert, T.D., and Remucal, C.K., 2016, Direct photolysis rates and transformation pathways of the lampricides TFM and niclosamide in simulated sunlight: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 18, p. 9998-10006, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02607.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"9998","endPage":"10006","ipdsId":"IP-076266","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144dee4b04fc80e507398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McConville, Megan B.","contributorId":177099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McConville","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Terrance D. 0000-0001-9712-1738 thubert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-1738","contributorId":3036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Terrance","email":"thubert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Remucal, Christina K.","contributorId":177100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Remucal","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178037,"text":"70178037 - 2016 - Effects of model complexity and priors on estimation using sequential importance sampling/resampling for species conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T13:25:42","indexId":"70178037","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of model complexity and priors on estimation using sequential importance sampling/resampling for species conservation","docAbstract":"We examined the effects of complexity and priors on the accuracy of models used to estimate ecological and observational processes, and to make predictions regarding population size and structure. State-space models are useful for estimating complex, unobservable population processes and making predictions about future populations based on limited data. To better understand the utility of state space models in evaluating population dynamics, we used them in a Bayesian framework and compared the accuracy of models with differing complexity, with and without informative priors using sequential importance sampling/resampling (SISR). Count data were simulated for 25 years using known parameters and observation process for each model. We used kernel smoothing to reduce the effect of particle depletion, which is common when estimating both states and parameters with SISR. Models using informative priors estimated parameter values and population size with greater accuracy than their non-informative counterparts. While the estimates of population size and trend did not suffer greatly in models using non-informative priors, the algorithm was unable to accurately estimate demographic parameters. This model framework provides reasonable estimates of population size when little to no information is available; however, when information on some vital rates is available, SISR can be used to obtain more precise estimates of population size and process. Incorporating model complexity such as that required by structured populations with stage-specific vital rates affects precision and accuracy when estimating latent population variables and predicting population dynamics. These results are important to consider when designing monitoring programs and conservation efforts requiring management of specific population segments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.08.010","usgsCitation":"Dunham, K., and Grand, J.B., 2016, Effects of model complexity and priors on estimation using sequential importance sampling/resampling for species conservation: Ecological Modelling, v. 340, p. 28-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.08.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"36","ipdsId":"IP-069168","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"340","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c1e4b0bb36a4c91007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, Kylee","contributorId":173081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunham","given":"Kylee","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192824,"text":"70192824 - 2016 - Responses of a 58-story RC dual core shear wall and outrigger frame building inferred from two earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T10:59:58","indexId":"70192824","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of a 58-story RC dual core shear wall and outrigger frame building inferred from two earthquakes","docAbstract":"Responses of a dual core shear-wall and outrigger-framed 58-story building recorded during the Mw6.0 Napa earthquake of 24 August 2014 and the Mw3.8 Berkeley earthquake of 20 October 2011 are used to identify its dynamic characteristics and behavior. Fundamental frequencies are 0.28 Hz (NS), 0.25 Hz (EW), and 0.43 Hz (torsional). Rigid body motions due to rocking are not significant. Average drift ratios are small. Outrigger frames do not affect average drift ratios or mode shapes. Local site effects do not affect the response; however, response associated with deeper structure may be substantial. A beating effect is observed from data of both earthquakes but beating periods are not consistent. Low critical damping ratios may have contributed to the beating effect. Torsion is relatively larger above outriggers as indicated by the time-histories of motions at the roof, possibly due to the discontinuity of the stiffer shear walls above level 47.
","language":"English","publisher":"EERI","doi":"10.1193/011916EQS018M","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 2016, Responses of a 58-story RC dual core shear wall and outrigger frame building inferred from two earthquakes: Earthquake Spectra, v. 32, no. 4, p. 2449-2471, https://doi.org/10.1193/011916EQS018M.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"2449","endPage":"2471","ipdsId":"IP-070360","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Berkeley, Napa","volume":"32","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bbae4b0531197afa00c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174906,"text":"fs20163053 - 2016 - Water clarity of the Colorado River—Implications for food webs and fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T15:36:18","indexId":"fs20163053","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3053","title":"Water clarity of the Colorado River—Implications for food webs and fish communities","docAbstract":"The closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963 resulted in drastic changes to water clarity, temperature, and flow of the Colorado River in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons. The Colorado River is now much clearer, water temperature is less variable throughout the year, and the river is much colder in the summer months. The flow—regulated by the dam—is now less variable annually, but has larger daily fluctuations than during pre-dam times. All of these changes have resulted in a different fish community and different food resources for fish than existed before the dam was built. Recent monitoring of water clarity, by measuring turbidity, has helped scientists and river managers understand modern water-clarity patterns in the dam-regulated Colorado River. These data were then used to estimate pre-dam turbidity in the Colorado River in order to make comparisons of pre-dam and dam-regulated conditions, which are useful for assessing biological changes in the river over time. Prior to dam construction, the large sediment load resulted in low water clarity almost all of the time, a condition which was more favorable for the native fish community.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163053","usgsCitation":"Voichick, N., Kennedy, T.A., Topping, D.J., Griffiths, R.E., and Fry, K.L., 2016, Water clarity of the Colorado River—Implications for food webs and fish communities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–5053, 4 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163053.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067865","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330598,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3053/fs20163053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3053"},{"id":330597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3053/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada Utah, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.52392578125,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -104.62280273437499,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -106.226806640625,\n 38.487994609214795\n ],\n [\n -107.962646484375,\n 38.039438891821746\n ],\n [\n -108.06152343749999,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 36.359374956015856\n ],\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -109.127197265625,\n 32.90726224488304\n ],\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 31.484893386890164\n ],\n [\n -111.126708984375,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -114.80712890625,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -114.93896484374999,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -114.97192382812499,\n 35.594785665487244\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 36.85325222344018\n ],\n [\n -114.32373046875,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -113.477783203125,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -112.19238281249999,\n 37.60552821745789\n ],\n [\n -111.236572265625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -110.0830078125,\n 38.7283759182398\n ],\n [\n -109.281005859375,\n 39.554883059924016\n ],\n [\n -108.182373046875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -106.3916015625,\n 39.93501296038254\n ],\n [\n -104.52392578125,\n 39.87601941962116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"GCMRC Staff, Southwest Biological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
http://www.gcmrc.gov/
The Adélie Basin, located offshore of the Wilkes Land margin, experiences unusually high sedimentation rates (~ 2 cm yr− 1) for the Antarctic coast. This study sought to compare depthwise changes in organic matter (OM) quantity and quality with changes in microbial biomass with depth at this high-deposition site and an offshore continental margin site. Sediments from both sites were collected during the International Ocean Drilling (IODP) Program Expedition 318. Viable microbial biomass was estimated from concentrations of bacterial-derived phospholipid fatty acids, while OM quality was assessed using four different amino acid degradation proxies. Concentrations of total hydrolysable amino acids (THAA) measured from the continental margin suggest an oligotrophic environment, with THAA concentrations representing only 2% of total organic carbon with relative proportions of non-protein amino acids β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid as high as 40%. In contrast, THAA concentrations from the near-shore Adélie Basin represent 40%–60% of total organic carbon. Concentrations of β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid were often below the detection limit and suggest that the OM of the basin as labile. DI values in surface sediments at the Adélie and margin sites were measured to be + 0.78 and − 0.76, reflecting labile and more recalcitrant OM, respectively. Greater DI values in deeper and more anoxic portions of both cores correlated positively with increased relative concentrations of phenylalanine plus tyrosine and may represent a change of redox conditions, rather than OM quality. This suggests that DI values calculated along chemical profiles should be interpreted with caution. THAA concentrations, the percentage of organic carbon (CAA%) and total nitrogen (NAA%) represented by amino acids at both sites demonstrated a significant positive correlation with bacterial abundance estimates. These data suggest that the selective degradation of amino acids, as indicated by THAA concentrations, CAA% or NAA% values may be a better proxy for describing the general changes in sedimentary bacterial abundances than total organic matter or bulk sedimentation rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2016.08.002","usgsCitation":"Carr, S., Mills, C., and Mandernack, K.W., 2016, The use of amino acid indices for assessing organic matter quality and microbial abundance in deep-sea Antarctic sediments of IODP Expedition 318: Marine Chemistry, v. 186, p. 72-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2016.08.002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"82","ipdsId":"IP-076259","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7af9ee4b0849ce9795e8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, Stephanie A","contributorId":189201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carr","given":"Stephanie A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, Christopher T. 0000-0001-8414-1414 cmills@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-1414","contributorId":150137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Christopher T.","email":"cmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mandernack, Kevin W","contributorId":189202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandernack","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187242,"text":"70187242 - 2016 - Chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer: Infection, mortality, and implications for heterogeneous transmission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T17:00:14","indexId":"70187242","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer: Infection, mortality, and implications for heterogeneous transmission","docAbstract":"Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting free-ranging and captive cervids that now occurs in 24 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. Despite the potential threat of CWD to deer populations, little is known about the rates of infection and mortality caused by this disease. We used epidemiological models to estimate the force of infection and disease-associated mortality for white-tailed deer in the Wisconsin and Illinois CWD outbreaks. Models were based on age-prevalence data corrected for bias in aging deer using the tooth wear and replacement method. Both male and female deer in the Illinois outbreak had higher corrected age-specific prevalence with slightly higher female infection than deer in the Wisconsin outbreak. Corrected ages produced more complex models with different infection and mortality parameters than those based on apparent prevalence. We found that adult male deer have a more than threefold higher risk of CWD infection than female deer. Males also had higher disease mortality than female deer. As a result, CWD prevalence was twofold higher in adult males than females. We also evaluated the potential impacts of alternative contact structures on transmission dynamics in Wisconsin deer. Results suggested that transmission of CWD among male deer during the nonbreeding season may be a potential mechanism for producing higher rates of infection and prevalence characteristically found in males. However, alternatives based on high environmental transmission and transmission from females to males during the breeding season may also play a role.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.1538","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M.D., and Storm, D.J., 2016, Chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer: Infection, mortality, and implications for heterogeneous transmission: Ecology, v. 97, no. 11, p. 3195-3205, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1538.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3195","endPage":"3205","ipdsId":"IP-066740","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030325e4b0e862d230f71f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storm, Daniel J.","contributorId":171373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Storm","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24576,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176359,"text":"ofr20161152 - 2016 - Bedrock morphology and structure, upper Santa Cruz Basin, south-central Arizona, with transient electromagnetic survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T11:23:24","indexId":"ofr20161152","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-31T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1152","title":"Bedrock morphology and structure, upper Santa Cruz Basin, south-central Arizona, with transient electromagnetic survey data","docAbstract":"The upper Santa Cruz Basin is an important groundwater basin containing the regional aquifer for the city of Nogales, Arizona. This report provides data and interpretations of data aimed at better understanding the bedrock morphology and structure of the upper Santa Cruz Basin study area which encompasses the Rio Rico and Nogales 1:24,000-scale U.S. Geological Survey quadrangles. Data used in this report include the Arizona Aeromagnetic and Gravity Maps and Data referred to here as the 1996 Patagonia Aeromagnetic survey, Bouguer gravity anomaly data, and conductivity-depth transforms (CDTs) from the 1998 Santa Cruz transient electromagnetic survey (whose data are included in appendixes 1 and 2 of this report).
Analyses based on magnetic gradients worked well to identify the range-front faults along the Mt. Benedict horst block, the location of possibly fault-controlled canyons to the west of Mt. Benedict, the edges of buried lava flows, and numerous other concealed faults and contacts. Applying the 1996 Patagonia aeromagnetic survey data using the horizontal gradient method produced results that were most closely correlated with the observed geology.
The 1996 Patagonia aeromagnetic survey was used to estimate depth to bedrock in the upper Santa Cruz Basin study area. Three different depth estimation methods were applied to the data: Euler deconvolution, horizontal gradient magnitude, and analytic signal. The final depth to bedrock map was produced by choosing the maximum depth from each of the three methods at a given location and combining all maximum depths. In locations of rocks with a known reversed natural remanent magnetic field, gravity based depth estimates from Gettings and Houser (1997) were used.
The depth to bedrock map was supported by modeling aeromagnetic anomaly data along six profiles. These cross sectional models demonstrated that by using the depth to bedrock map generated in this study, known and concealed faults, measured and estimated magnetic susceptibilities of rocks found in the study area, and estimated natural remanent magnetic intensities and directions, reasonable geologic models can be built. This indicates that the depth to bedrock map is reason-able and geologically possible.
Finally, CDTs derived from the 1998 Santa Cruz Basin transient electromagnetic survey were used to help identify basin structure and some physical properties of the basin fill in the study area. The CDTs also helped to confirm depth to bedrock estimates in the Santa Cruz Basin, in particular a region of elevated bedrock in the area of Potrero Canyon, and a deep basin in the location of the Arizona State Highway 82 microbasin. The CDTs identified many concealed faults in the study area and possibly indicate deep water-saturated clay-rich sediments in the west-central portion of the study area. These sediments grade to more sand-rich saturated sediments to the south with relatively thick, possibly unsaturated, sediments at the surface. Also, the CDTs may indicate deep saturated clay-rich sediments in the Highway 82 microbasin and in the Mount Benedict horst block from Proto Canyon south to the international border.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161152","usgsCitation":"Bultman, M.W., and Page, W.R., 2016, Bedrock morphology and structure, upper Santa Cruz Basin, south-central Arizona, with transient electromagnetic survey data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1152, 49 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161152.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 49 p.; 2 Plates: 36.00 x 37.00 inches and 38.00 x 36.50 inches; 2 Appendixes; Read Me","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060430","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330512,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr20161152_Appendix1.zip","text":"Appendix 1. Santa Cruz Transient Electromagnetic Survey Conductivity-Depth Transforms (CDT) Plots","size":"11.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Appendix 1"},{"id":330439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":330513,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr20161152_Appendix2.zip","text":"Appendix 2. Santa Cruz Transient Electromagnetic Survey Data","size":"45.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Appendix 2"},{"id":330440,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr20161152.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Report"},{"id":330441,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr2011152_Readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"8.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Read Me"},{"id":330514,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr20161152_plate_1.pdf","text":"Plate 1 Map showing potential field boundaries plotted over upper Santa Cruz Basin study area geology","size":"135 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Plate 1"},{"id":330515,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr20161152_plate_2.pdf","text":"Plate 2 Map showing conductivity-depth transforms plotted over upper Santa Cruz Basin study area geology","size":"101 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Plate 2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper Santa Cruz Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.74356079101562,\n 31.33604401284106\n ],\n [\n -110.74356079101562,\n 31.77837995377096\n ],\n [\n -111.18026733398438,\n 31.77837995377096\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 31.36653633110671\n ],\n [\n -111.07452392578125,\n 31.33252503230784\n ],\n [\n -110.74356079101562,\n 31.33604401284106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, USGS Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
The analysis of ecological data has changed in two important ways over the last 15 years. The development and easy availability of Bayesian computational methods has allowed and encouraged the fitting of complex hierarchical models. At the same time, there has been increasing emphasis on acknowledging and accounting for model uncertainty. Unfortunately, the ability to fit complex models has outstripped the development of tools for model selection and model evaluation: familiar model selection tools such as Akaike's information criterion and the deviance information criterion are widely known to be inadequate for hierarchical models. In addition, little attention has been paid to the evaluation of model adequacy in context of hierarchical modeling, i.e., to the evaluation of fit for a single model. In this paper, we describe Bayesian cross-validation, which provides tools for model selection and evaluation. We describe the Bayesian predictive information criterion and a Bayesian approximation to the BPIC known as the Watanabe-Akaike information criterion. We illustrate the use of these tools for model selection, and the use of Bayesian cross-validation as a tool for model evaluation, using three large data sets from the North American Breeding Bird Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/15-1286.1","usgsCitation":"Link, W.A., and Sauer, J., 2016, Bayesian cross-validation for model evaluation and selection, with application to the North American Breeding Bird Survey: Ecology, v. 97, no. 7, p. 1746-1758, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1286.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1746","endPage":"1758","ipdsId":"IP-066970","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5818582ce4b0bb36a4c6f9ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177938,"text":"70177938 - 2016 - Uncertainty in biological monitoring: a framework for data collection and analysis to account for multiple sources of sampling bias","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T09:18:02","indexId":"70177938","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-31T12:15:55","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty in biological monitoring: a framework for data collection and analysis to account for multiple sources of sampling bias","docAbstract":"Understanding the genetics of a population is a critical component of developing conservation strategies. We used archived tissue samples from golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) in three geographic regions of western North America to conduct a preliminary study of the genetics of the North American subspecies, and to provide data for United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decision-making for golden eagle management. We used a combination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences and 16 nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite loci to investigate the extent of gene flow among our sampling areas in Idaho, California and Alaska and to determine if we could distinguish birds from the different geographic regions based on their genetic profiles. Our results indicate high genetic diversity, low genetic structure and high connectivity. Nuclear DNA Fst values between Idaho and California were low but significantly different from zero (0.026). Bayesian clustering methods indicated a single population, and we were unable to distinguish summer breeding residents from different regions. Results of the mtDNA AMOVA showed that most of the haplotype variation (97%) was within the geographic populations while 3% variation was partitioned among them. One haplotype was common to all three areas. One region-specific haplotype was detected in California and one in Idaho, but additional sampling is required to determine if these haplotypes are unique to those geographic areas or a sampling artifact. We discuss potential sources of the high gene flow for this species including natal and breeding dispersal, floaters, and changes in migratory behavior as a result of environmental factors such as climate change and habitat alteration. Our preliminary findings can help inform the USFWS in development of golden eagle management strategies and provide a basis for additional research into the complex dynamics of the North American subspecies.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0164248","usgsCitation":"Craig, E.H., Adams, J.R., Waits, L.P., Fuller, M.R., and Whittington, D.M., 2016, Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) from three areas in western North America; initial results and conservation implications: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 10, e0164248; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164248.","productDescription":"e0164248; 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066818","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164248","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, California, Idaho, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 42.22851735620852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 35.10193405724606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.322265625,\n 67.7760253890732\n ],\n [\n -141.240234375,\n 67.7760253890732\n ],\n [\n -141.240234375,\n 71.10254274232307\n ],\n [\n -165.322265625,\n 71.10254274232307\n ],\n [\n -165.322265625,\n 67.7760253890732\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5818582ce4b0bb36a4c6fa07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Erica H.","contributorId":176469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jennifer R.","contributorId":21404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waits, Lisette P.","contributorId":87673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"Lisette","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whittington, Diana M.","contributorId":176489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittington","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179389,"text":"70179389 - 2016 - Recurrent hybridization and recent origin obscure phylogenetic relationships within the ‘white-headed’ gull (Larus sp.) complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-30T10:48:55","indexId":"70179389","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recurrent hybridization and recent origin obscure phylogenetic relationships within the ‘white-headed’ gull (Larus sp.) complex","docAbstract":"Species complexes that have undergone recent radiations are often characterized by extensive allele sharing due to recent ancestry and (or) introgressive hybridization. This can result in discordant evolutionary histories of genes and heterogeneous genomes, making delineating species limits difficult. Here we examine the phylogenetic relationships among a complex group of birds, the white-headed gulls (Aves: Laridae), which offer a unique window into the speciation process due to their recent evolutionary history and propensity to hybridize. Relationships were examined among 17 species (61 populations) using a multilocus approach, including mitochondrial and nuclear intron DNA sequences and microsatellite genotype information. Analyses of microsatellite and intron data resulted in some species-based groupings, although most species were not represented by a single cluster. Considerable allele and haplotype sharing among white-headed gull species was observed; no locus contained a species-specific clade. Despite this, our multilocus approach provided better resolution among some species than previous studies. Interestingly, most clades appear to correspond to geographic locality: our BEAST analysis recovered strong support for a northern European/Icelandic clade, a southern European/Russian clade, and a western North American/canus clade, with weak evidence for a high latitude clade spanning North America and northwestern Europe. This geographical structuring is concordant with behavioral observations of pervasive hybridization in areas of secondary contact. The extent of allele and haplotype sharing indicates that ecological and sexual selection are likely not strong enough to complete reproductive isolation within several species in the white-headed gull complex. This suggests that just a few genes are driving the speciation process.
","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/j.ympev.2016.06.008","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Wilson, R.E., Chesser, T., Pons, J., Crochet, P., Driscoll, A., and Dove, C., 2016, Recurrent hybridization and recent origin obscure phylogenetic relationships within the ‘white-headed’ gull (Larus sp.) complex: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 103, p. 41-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.06.008.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"54","ipdsId":"IP-071704","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.06.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74X55WS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Larus Gull Microsatellite DNA Data, 2006-2009"},{"id":332679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586781f4e4b0cd2dabe7c711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chesser, Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092 tchesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":177781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"Terry","email":"tchesser@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pons, Jean-Marc","contributorId":177782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pons","given":"Jean-Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crochet, Pierre-Andre","contributorId":177783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crochet","given":"Pierre-Andre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Driscoll, Amy","contributorId":177784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dove, Carla","contributorId":177785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dove","given":"Carla","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70177190,"text":"sir20165147 - 2016 - Spatiotemporal variability of inorganic nutrients during wastewater effluent dominated streamflow conditions in Indian Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, 2012–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T10:18:25","indexId":"sir20165147","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5147","title":"Spatiotemporal variability of inorganic nutrients during wastewater effluent dominated streamflow conditions in Indian Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, 2012–15","docAbstract":"Nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, are a leading cause of water-quality impairment in Kansas and the Nation. Indian Creek is one of the most urban drainage basins in Johnson County, Kansas, and environmental and biological conditions are affected by contaminants from point and other urban sources. The Johnson County Douglas L. Smith Middle Basin (hereinafter Middle Basin) wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) is the largest point-source discharge on Indian Creek. A second facility, the Tomahawk Creek WWTF, discharges into Indian Creek approximately 11.6 kilometers downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF. To better characterize the spatiotemporal variability of nutrients in Indian Creek, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment and Johnson County Wastewater, collected high-resolution spatial and temporal (a large number of samples collected over the entire reach or at single locations over a long period of time) inorganic nutrient (nitrate plus nitrite and orthophosphorus) data using a combination of discrete samples and sensor-measured data during 2012 through 2015.
Nutrient patterns observed in Indian Creek along the upstream-downstream gradient during wastewater effluent dominated streamflow conditions were largely affected by the WWTFs and by travel time of the parcels of water. Nitrate plus nitrite concentrations in the Middle Basin WWTF effluent and at downstream sites varied by as much as 6 milligrams per liter over a 24-hour period. The cyclical variability in the Middle Basin WWTF effluent generated a nitrate plus nitrite pulse that could be tracked for approximately 11.5 kilometers downstream in Indian Creek, until the effect was masked by the Tomahawk Creek WWTF effluent discharge. All longitudinal surveys showed the same general patterns along the upstream-downstream gradient, though streamflows, wastewater effluent contributions to streamflow, and nutrient concentrations spanned a wide range. Differences in orthophosphorus and nitrate plus nitrite patterns were clear along the upstream-downstream gradient in Indian Creek, and orthophosphorus concentrations were not as variable as nitrate plus nitrite concentrations. In general, nitrate plus nitrite concentrations decreased downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF to minima near the confluence with Tomahawk Creek, increased downstream from the Tomahawk Creek WWTF, and then varied little within the study reach. Orthophosphorus concentrations generally decreased downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF.
Despite the marked variability in nitrate plus nitrite concentrations caused by the Middle Basin WWTF effluent discharges, decreases in nitrate plus nitrite concentrations were discernable along the study reach between the two WWTFs. Decreases in nitrate plus nitrite concentrations along study reach were less variable than the cyclical variability typically measured, reiterating the effect of the Middle Basin WWTF effluent discharges on the spatiotemporal variability of nitrate plus nitrite in Indian Creek. Although decreases and rates of change in nitrate plus nitrite concentration were similar between the upper and lower reaches of Indian Creek, relations with initial nitrate plus nitrite concentrations and seasonal patterns were different between the upper (from College to the Marty study sites) and lower reaches (from Marty to the Mission Farms study sites) and did not reflect patterns observed for the overall reach. Quantifying the decreases in nitrate plus nitrite concentration caused by dilution and other in-stream processes were beyond the scope of this study, and were limited by available data. The data that are available suggest that dilution and other in-stream processes play a role in decreasing nitrate plus nitrite concentrations downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF in Indian Creek.
Analysis of the spatiotemporal variability of nutrients focused on below-normal and normal streamflow conditions, when streamflow and nutrient conditions in Indian Creek were largely controlled by WWTF effluent flows and nutrient removal processes. Spatial and temporal data indicate there are decreases in nutrient concentrations along the upstream-downstream gradient in Indian Creek, but quantifying decreases is complicated by the variability in nutrient concentrations caused by the WWTFs. During below-normal and normal streamflow conditions, Indian Creek nutrient concentrations downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF primarily reflect effluent concentrations in the hours or days before depending on relative distance downstream.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165147","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment and Johnson County Wastewater","usgsCitation":"Foster, G.M, Graham, J.L., Williams, T.J., and King, L.R., 2016, Spatiotemporal variability of inorganic nutrients during wastewater effluent dominated streamflow conditions in Indian Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, 2012–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5147, 37 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165147.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; Appendixes 1-4; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077541","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438525,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7445JN8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality data from four Indian Creek sites, Johnson County, Kansas, July 22-25, 2014 and August 21-27, 2015"},{"id":438524,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77W69CP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial water-quality data for Indian Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, May 23, 2013, July 23, 2014, July 30, 2015, and August 26, 2015"},{"id":330584,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F77W69CP","text":"USGS data release - Spatial water-quality data for Indian Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, May 23, 2013, July 23, 2014, July 30, 2015, and August 26, 2015"},{"id":330581,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5147/sir20165147_appendix.pdf","text":"Appendixes 1–4","size":"698 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5147 Appendixes 1–4"},{"id":330585,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7445JN8","text":"USGS data release - Water-quality data from four Indian Creek sites, Johnson County, Kansas, July 22-25, 2014 and August 21-27, 2015"},{"id":330579,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5147/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":330580,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5147/sir20165147.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5147"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Johnson County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-94.6075,39.0437],[-94.6075,39.0399],[-94.6082,38.8463],[-94.6084,38.8341],[-94.6102,38.7376],[-95.0572,38.7395],[-95.0558,38.9816],[-95.0477,38.9778],[-95.0383,38.9771],[-95.0312,38.9773],[-95.0292,38.9813],[-95.0271,38.9881],[-95.0249,38.9962],[-95.0189,38.9987],[-95.0135,38.9991],[-95.0077,38.998],[-94.9946,38.9976],[-94.9899,38.997],[-94.9841,38.995],[-94.9789,38.9926],[-94.9755,38.9885],[-94.9704,38.9851],[-94.9645,38.9832],[-94.9575,38.982],[-94.9527,38.9828],[-94.9479,38.9845],[-94.9448,38.9871],[-94.9423,38.9898],[-94.9386,38.9933],[-94.9367,38.9964],[-94.9335,38.9995],[-94.9264,38.9998],[-94.9217,38.9996],[-94.9176,38.9977],[-94.9209,38.9919],[-94.923,38.9856],[-94.9207,38.9837],[-94.9164,38.9859],[-94.9115,38.9889],[-94.9078,38.9924],[-94.9014,39.0022],[-94.8989,39.0053],[-94.8945,39.0102],[-94.8919,39.0155],[-94.891,39.021],[-94.8875,39.0313],[-94.8824,39.0379],[-94.8768,39.0441],[-94.8681,39.052],[-94.8631,39.0564],[-94.8488,39.0578],[-94.8318,39.0546],[-94.8131,39.0486],[-94.8038,39.0456],[-94.7197,39.0435],[-94.6693,39.0433],[-94.6075,39.0437]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Johnson\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
This report draws on previous syntheses and basic research studies of sedimentary exhalative (sedex) deposits to arrive at the defining criteria, both descriptive and genetic, for sedex-type deposits. Studies of the tectonic, sedimentary, and fluid evolution of modern and ancient sedimentary basins have also been used to select defining criteria. The focus here is on the geologic characteristics of sedex deposit-hosting basins that contain greater than 10 million metric tons of zinc and lead. The enormous size of sedex deposits strongly suggests that basin-scale geologic processes are involved in their formation. It follows that mass balance constraints of basinal processes can provide a conceptual underpinning for the evaluation of potential ore-forming mechanisms and the identification of geologic indicators for ore potential in specific sedimentary basins. Empirical data and a genetic understanding of the physicochemical, geologic, and mass balance conditions required for each of these elements are used to establish a hierarchy of quantifiable geologic criteria that can be used in U.S. Geological Survey national assessments. In addition, this report also provides a comprehensive evaluation of environmental considerations associated with the mining of sedex deposits.
Center Director, USGS Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 973
Denver, CO 80225
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/
","tableOfContents":"The Community for Data Integration (CDI) continued to experience success in fiscal year 2015. The CDI community members have been sharing, learning, and collaborating through monthly forums, workshops, working groups, and funded projects. In fiscal year 2015, CDI coordinated 10 monthly forums with 16 different speakers from the U.S. Geological Survey and external partners; funded 11 collaborative projects; and hosted an in-person, four-day workshop, which attracted 168 (134 in-person and 34 remote) data practitioners, data providers, and data consumers from across the USGS, academia, industry, and other government agencies. The Citizen Science, Connected Devices, Data Management, Semantic Web, and Tech Stack Working Groups continued to accomplish great things in fiscal year 2015. These working groups were major stakeholders in planning the 2015 CDI Workshop; they continued developing solutions to pressing challenges, and they brought in speakers throughout the year for more focused presentations and discussions. Additionally, a new working group formed during the 2015 CDI Workshop—the Earth-Science Themes Working Group.
Director, Core Science Analytics and Synthesis
U.S. Geological Survey
108 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://www.usgs.gov/core_science_systems/
The U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management have cooperated to map approximately 185 square kilometers of the inner continental shelf south of Martha’s Vineyard and north of Nantucket, Massachusetts. This report contains geophysical data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during a survey in 2013. The geophysical data include (1) swath bathymetry collected by using interferometric sonar, (2) acoustic backscatter from the interferometric sonar, and (3) seismic-reflection profiles from a chirp subbottom profiler. These spatial data support research on the Quaternary evolution of coastal Massachusetts, the influence of sea-level change and sediment supply on coastal evolution, and efforts to understand the type, distribution, and quality of subtidal marine habitats in the coastal ocean of Massachusetts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, S.D., Brothers, L.L., Foster, D.S., Andrews, B.D., Baldwin, W.E., and Schwab, W.C., 2016, High-resolution geophysical data from the inner continental shelf—South of Martha’s Vineyard and north of Nantucket, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1168, 21 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161168.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 21 p.; HTML Document","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069726","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330433,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/index.html","text":"Report HTML","description":"Report HTML"},{"id":330432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":330434,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/ofr20161168.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1168"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.7904052734375,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -70.7904052734375,\n 41.38711263243966\n ],\n [\n -70.02960205078125,\n 41.38711263243966\n ],\n [\n -70.02960205078125,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -70.7904052734375,\n 41.15384235711447\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/
With growing climate change concerns and energy constraints, there is an increasing need for renewable energy sources within the United States and globally. Looking forward, offshore wind-energy infrastructure (OWEI) has the potential to produce a significant proportion of the power needed to reach our Nation’s renewable energy goal. Offshore wind-energy sites can capitalize open areas within Federal waters that have persistent, high winds with large energy production potential. Although there are few locations in the California Current System (CCS) where it would be acceptable to build pile-mounted wind turbines in waters less than 50 m deep, the development of technology able to support deep-water OWEI (>200 m depth) could enable wind-energy production in the CCS. As with all human-use of the marine environment, understanding the potential impacts of wind-energy infrastructure on the marine ecosystem is an integral part of offshore wind-energy research and planning. Herein, we present a comprehensive database to quantify marine bird vulnerability to potential OWEI in the CCS (see https://doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VJ0). These data were used to quantify marine bird vulnerabilities at the population level. For 81 marine bird species present in the CCS, we created three vulnerability indices: Population Vulnerability, Collision Vulnerability, and Displacement Vulnerability. Population Vulnerability was used as a scaling factor to generate two comprehensive indicies: Population Collision Vulnerability (PCV) and Population Displacement Vulnerability (PDV). Within the CCS, pelicans, terns (Forster’s [Sterna forsteri], Caspian [Hydroprogne caspia], Elegant [Thalasseus elegans], and Least Tern [Sternula antillarum]), gulls (Western [Larus occidentalis] and Bonaparte’s Gull [Chroicocephalus philadelphia]), South Polar Skua (Stercorarius maccormicki), and Brandt’s Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) had the greatest PCV scores. Brown Pelican (Pelicanus occidentalis) had the greatest overall PCV score. Some alcids (Scripps’s Murrelet [Synthliboramphus scrippsi], Marbled Murrelet [Brachyramphus marmoratus], and Tufted Puffin [Fratercula cirrhata]), terns (Elegant and Least Lern), and loons (Yellow-billed [Gavia adamsii] and Common Loon [G. immer]) had the greatest PDV scores. Ashy Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa) had the greatest overall PDV score. To help inform decisions that will impact seabird conservation, vulnerability assessment results can now be combined with recent marine bird at-sea distribution and abundance data for the CCS to evaluate vulnerability areas where OWEI development is being considered. Lastly, it is important to note that as new information about seabird behavior and populations in the CCS becomes available, this database can be easily updated and modified.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (OCS Study, BOEM 2016-043)","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., Kelsey, E.C., Felis, J.J., and Pereksta, D.M., 2017, Collision and displacement vulnerability among marine birds of the California Current System associated with offshore wind energy infrastructure (ver. 1.1, July 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1154, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161154.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 116 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071912","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438527,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VJ0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for calculating population, collision and displacement vulnerability among marine birds of the California Current System associated with offshore wind energy infrastructure (ver. 2.0, June 2017)"},{"id":341751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1154/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":344436,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1154/ofr20161154.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1154"},{"id":344437,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1154/ofr20161154_revision history.docx","size":"153 KB docx","description":"OFR 2016-1154 Revision History"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted October 27, 2016; Version 1.1: July 2017","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Identifying environmental metrics specific to lesser scaup (Aythya affinis; scaup) spring migration chronology may help inform development of conservation, management and population monitoring. Our objective was to determine how environmental conditions influence spring migration of lesser scaup to assess the effectiveness of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey in accurately estimating scaup populations. We first compared peak timing of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and scaup migration from weekly ground surveys in North Dakota, USA because the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey is designed to capture annual mallard migration. As predicted, we detected that peak timing of scaup and mallard migrations differed in 25 of 36 years investigated (1980–2010). We marked scaup with satellite transmitters (n = 78; 7,403 locations) at Long Point, Lake Erie, Ontario, Canada; Pool 19 of the Mississippi River, Iowa and Illinois, USA; and Presque Isle Bay, Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, USA. We tested the assumption that our marked scaup were representative of the continental population using the traditional survey area by comparing timing of migration of marked birds and scaup counted in the North Dakota Game and Fish Department survey. We detected a strong positive correlation between marked scaup and the survey data, which indicated that marked scaup were representative of the population. We subsequently used our validated sample of marked scaup to investigate the effects of annual variation in temperature, precipitation, and ice cover on spring migration chronology in the traditional and eastern survey areas of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey, 2005–2010. We evaluated competing environmental models to explain variation in timing and rate of scaup migration at large-scale and local levels. Spring migration of scaup occurred earlier and faster during springs with warmer temperatures and greater precipitation, variables known to influence energy budgets and wetland availability. Our results suggest that surveys designed to index abundance of breeding mallards is imprecise for estimating scaup abundance, and inaccurate at estimating breeding population size by survey stratum.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21131","usgsCitation":"Finger, T.A., Afton, A.D., Schummer, M.L., Petrie, S.A., Badzinski, S.S., Johnson, M.A., Szymanski, M.L., Jacobs, K.J., Olsen, G.H., and Mitchell, M., 2016, Environmental factors influence lesser scaup migration chronology and population monitoring: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 8, p. 1437-1449, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21131.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1449","ipdsId":"IP-068193","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","volume":"80","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5813125de4b0b5a0c12ab662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finger, Taylor A.","contributorId":176345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finger","given":"Taylor","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, Alan D. 0000-0002-0436-8588 aafton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-8588","contributorId":139582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Afton","given":"Alan","email":"aafton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schummer, Michael L.","contributorId":176347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schummer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petrie, Scott A.","contributorId":141223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrie","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13717,"text":"Long Point Waterfowl","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Badzinski, Shannon S.","contributorId":176348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Badzinski","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Michael A.","contributorId":174789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Szymanski, Michael L.","contributorId":176349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szymanski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jacobs, Kevin J.","contributorId":176350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mitchell, M.E.","contributorId":176351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70177925,"text":"70177925 - 2016 - A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T13:31:50","indexId":"70177925","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1426,"text":"Earth System Science Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)","title":"A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)","docAbstract":"The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled f CO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million f CO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million f CO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water f CO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water f CO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) “living data” publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014).
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus","publisherLocation":"Katlenberg-Lindau, Germany","doi":"10.5194/essd-2016-15","usgsCitation":"Bakker, D., Landa, C.S., Pfeil, B., Metzl, N., O’Brien, K., Olsen, A., Smith, K., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Nakaoka, S., Jones, S., Nojiri, Y., Steinhoff, T., Sweeney, C., Schuster, U., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Alin, S.R., Balestrini, C.F., Barbero, L., Bates, N., Bianchi, A.A., Bonou, F., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Burger, E.F., Cai, W., Castle, R., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., Evans, W., Featherstone, C., Feely, R., Fransson, A., Goyet, C., Greenwood, N., Gregor, L., Hankin, S.C., Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Harlay, J., Hauck, J., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M.P., Hunt, C.W., Huss, B., Ibanhez, J.S., Johannessen, T., Keeling, R.F., Kitidis, V., Kortzinger, A., Kozyr, A., Krasakopoulou, E., Kuwata, A., Landschutzer, P., Lauvset, S.K., Lefevre, N., Lo Monaco, C., Manke, A., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Millero, F.J., Monteiro, P.M., Munro, D.R., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Paterson, K., Pearce, D., Pierrot, D., Robbins, L.L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schweitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Sullivan, K.F., Sutherland, S.C., Sutton, A.J., Tadokoro, K., Telszewski, M., Tuma, M., van Heuven, S.M., Vandemark, D., Ward, B., Watson, A.J., and Xu, S., 2016, A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT): Earth System Science Data, v. 8, p. 383-413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2016-15.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"413","ipdsId":"IP-077725","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2016-15","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5813125ce4b0b5a0c12ab654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, Dorothee","contributorId":176365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bakker","given":"Dorothee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landa, Camilla S.","contributorId":176376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landa","given":"Camilla","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pfeil, Benjamin","contributorId":176375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pfeil","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metzl, Nicolas","contributorId":176377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metzl","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Brien, Kevin","contributorId":22662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olsen, Are","contributorId":176379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsen","given":"Are","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Karl","contributorId":176380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cosca, Cathy","contributorId":176381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cosca","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Harasawa, Sumiko","contributorId":176382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harasawa","given":"Sumiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro","contributorId":176383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakaoka","given":"Shin-ichiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jones, Stephen","contributorId":118160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nojiri, Yukihiro","contributorId":176384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nojiri","given":"Yukihiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Steinhoff, Tobias","contributorId":176386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinhoff","given":"Tobias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sweeney, Colm","contributorId":176387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Colm","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schuster, Ute","contributorId":176385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuster","given":"Ute","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Takahashi, Taro","contributorId":55319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"Taro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tilbrook, Bronte","contributorId":176390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tilbrook","given":"Bronte","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wada, Chisato","contributorId":176391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wada","given":"Chisato","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wanninkhof, Rik","contributorId":171880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanninkhof","given":"Rik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7054,"text":"NOAA/NMFS, Silver Spring, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Alin, Simone R.","contributorId":176392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alin","given":"Simone","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Balestrini, Carlos F.","contributorId":176393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balestrini","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Barbero, Leticia","contributorId":176396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbero","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Bates, Nicholas","contributorId":146218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bates","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16634,"text":"Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Bianchi, Alejandro A.","contributorId":176397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bianchi","given":"Alejandro","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Bonou, Frederic","contributorId":176398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonou","given":"Frederic","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Boutin, Jacqueline","contributorId":176399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boutin","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Bozec, Yann","contributorId":176400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bozec","given":"Yann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Burger, Eugene F.","contributorId":176401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Cai, Wei-Jun","contributorId":176402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Wei-Jun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27264,"text":"University of Delaware, Newark, DE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Castle, Robert D.","contributorId":176404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castle","given":"Robert D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Chen, Liqi","contributorId":176405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Liqi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Chierici, Melissa","contributorId":176406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chierici","given":"Melissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Currie, Kim","contributorId":176407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Currie","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Evans, Wiley","contributorId":176408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Wiley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Featherstone, Charles","contributorId":176409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Featherstone","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Feely, Richard","contributorId":70888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feely","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Fransson, Agneta","contributorId":176410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fransson","given":"Agneta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Goyet, Catherine","contributorId":176411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goyet","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Greenwood, Naomi","contributorId":176412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenwood","given":"Naomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Gregor, Luke","contributorId":176413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregor","given":"Luke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Hankin, Steven C.","contributorId":176414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hankin","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17605,"text":"NOAA, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42},{"text":"Hardman-Mountford, Nick J.","contributorId":176415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardman-Mountford","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":43},{"text":"Harlay, Jerome","contributorId":176417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harlay","given":"Jerome","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":44},{"text":"Hauck, Judith","contributorId":176418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauck","given":"Judith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":45},{"text":"Hoppema, Mario","contributorId":176419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoppema","given":"Mario","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":46},{"text":"Humphreys, Matthew P.","contributorId":176420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humphreys","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":47},{"text":"Hunt, Christopher W.","contributorId":176421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":48},{"text":"Huss, Betty","contributorId":176422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huss","given":"Betty","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":49},{"text":"Ibanhez, J. Severino P.","contributorId":176423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ibanhez","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Severino P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":50},{"text":"Johannessen, Truls","contributorId":176424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johannessen","given":"Truls","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":51},{"text":"Keeling, Ralph F. 0000-0002-9749-2253","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-2253","contributorId":92150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keeling","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":51},{"text":"Kitidis, Vassilis","contributorId":176425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kitidis","given":"Vassilis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":52},{"text":"Kortzinger, Arne","contributorId":176426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kortzinger","given":"Arne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":53},{"text":"Kozyr, Alex","contributorId":176427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kozyr","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":54},{"text":"Krasakopoulou, Evangelia","contributorId":176428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krasakopoulou","given":"Evangelia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":55},{"text":"Kuwata, Akira","contributorId":176429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuwata","given":"Akira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":56},{"text":"Landschutzer, Peter","contributorId":176430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landschutzer","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":57},{"text":"Lauvset, Siv K.","contributorId":176431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauvset","given":"Siv","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":58},{"text":"Lefevre, Nathalie","contributorId":176432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lefevre","given":"Nathalie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":59},{"text":"Lo Monaco, Claire","contributorId":176433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lo Monaco","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":60},{"text":"Manke, Ansley","contributorId":176434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manke","given":"Ansley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":61},{"text":"Mathis, Jeremy T.","contributorId":146187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mathis","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":62},{"text":"Merlivat, Liliane","contributorId":176435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merlivat","given":"Liliane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":63},{"text":"Millero, Frank J.","contributorId":176436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millero","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":64},{"text":"Monteiro, Pedro M. S.","contributorId":176437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monteiro","given":"Pedro","email":"","middleInitial":"M. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":65},{"text":"Munro, David R.","contributorId":176438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munro","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":66},{"text":"Murata, Akihiko","contributorId":176439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murata","given":"Akihiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":67},{"text":"Newberger, Timothy","contributorId":176440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newberger","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":68},{"text":"Omar, Abdirahman M.","contributorId":176441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Omar","given":"Abdirahman","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":69},{"text":"Ono, Tsuneo","contributorId":176442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ono","given":"Tsuneo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":70},{"text":"Paterson, Kristina","contributorId":176444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paterson","given":"Kristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":71},{"text":"Pearce, David","contributorId":176445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearce","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":72},{"text":"Pierrot, Denis","contributorId":176446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierrot","given":"Denis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":73},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":74},{"text":"Saito, Shu","contributorId":176447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saito","given":"Shu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":75},{"text":"Salisbury, Joe","contributorId":176448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salisbury","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":76},{"text":"Schlitzer, Reiner","contributorId":176449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlitzer","given":"Reiner","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":77},{"text":"Schneider, Bernd","contributorId":176450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schneider","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":78},{"text":"Schweitzer, Roland","contributorId":176451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":79},{"text":"Sieger, Rainer","contributorId":176452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sieger","given":"Rainer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":80},{"text":"Skjelvan, Ingunn","contributorId":176453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skjelvan","given":"Ingunn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":81},{"text":"Sullivan, Kevin F.","contributorId":176454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":82},{"text":"Sutherland, Stewart C.","contributorId":176455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Stewart","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":83},{"text":"Sutton, Adrienne J.","contributorId":98872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"Adrienne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":84},{"text":"Tadokoro, Kazuaki","contributorId":176456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tadokoro","given":"Kazuaki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":85},{"text":"Telszewski, Maciej","contributorId":176457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Telszewski","given":"Maciej","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":86},{"text":"Tuma, Matthias","contributorId":176458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuma","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":87},{"text":"van Heuven, Steven M. A. C.","contributorId":176459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Heuven","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M. A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":88},{"text":"Vandemark, Douglas","contributorId":171879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vandemark","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":89},{"text":"Ward, Brian","contributorId":176460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":90},{"text":"Watson, Andrew J.","contributorId":176461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":91},{"text":"Xu, Suqing","contributorId":176462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Suqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":92}]}} ,{"id":70177922,"text":"70177922 - 2016 - Alternative approaches to vertebrate ecotoxicity tests in the 21st century: A review of developments over the last 2 decades and current status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T13:10:56","indexId":"70177922","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternative approaches to vertebrate ecotoxicity tests in the 21st century: A review of developments over the last 2 decades and current status","docAbstract":"The need for alternative approaches to the use of vertebrate animals for hazard assessment of chemicals and pollutants has become of increasing importance. It is now the first consideration when initiating a vertebrate ecotoxicity test, to ensure that unnecessary use of vertebrate organisms is minimized wherever possible. For some regulatory purposes, the use of vertebrate organisms for environmental risk assessments has been banned; in other situations, the number of organisms tested has been dramatically reduced or the severity of the procedure refined. However, there is still a long way to go to achieve a complete replacement of vertebrate organisms to generate environmental hazard data. The development of animal alternatives is based not just on ethical considerations but also on reducing the cost of performing vertebrate ecotoxicity tests and in some cases on providing better information aimed at improving environmental risk assessments. The present Focus article provides an overview of the considerable advances that have been made toward alternative approaches for ecotoxicity assessments over the last few decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/etc.3603","usgsCitation":"Lillicrap, A., Belanger, S., Burden, N., Du Pasquier, D., Embry, M., Halder, M., Lampi, M., Lee, L., Norberg-King, T.J., Rattner, B.A., Schirmer, K., and Thomas, P., 2016, Alternative approaches to vertebrate ecotoxicity tests in the 21st century: A review of developments over the last 2 decades and current status: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 35, no. 11, p. 2637-2646, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3603.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2637","endPage":"2646","ipdsId":"IP-075322","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3603","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5813125ce4b0b5a0c12ab65e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lillicrap, Adam","contributorId":176352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lillicrap","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belanger, Scott","contributorId":176353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belanger","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burden, Natalie","contributorId":176354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burden","given":"Natalie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Du Pasquier, David","contributorId":176355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Du Pasquier","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Embry, Michelle","contributorId":176356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Embry","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Halder, Marlies","contributorId":176357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halder","given":"Marlies","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lampi, Mark","contributorId":176358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lampi","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, Lucy","contributorId":176359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Lucy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Norberg-King, Teresa J.","contributorId":175087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norberg-King","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13485,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schirmer, Kristin","contributorId":176360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schirmer","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Thomas, Paul","contributorId":176361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70177782,"text":"ds1025 - 2016 - Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T14:14:58.18205","indexId":"ds1025","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1025","displayTitle":"Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2015","title":"Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2015","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Basin, located in central New Mexico, is about 100 miles long and 25–40 miles wide. The basin is hydrologically defined as the extent of consolidated and unconsolidated deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that encompasses the structural Rio Grande Rift between San Acacia to the south and Cochiti Lake to the north. Drinking-water supplies throughout the basin were obtained solely from groundwater resources until December 2008, when the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA) began treatment and distribution of surface water from the Rio Grande through the San Juan-Chama Drinking Water Project. A 20-percent population increase in the basin from 1990 to 2000 and a 22-percent population increase from 2000 to 2010 may have resulted in an increased demand for water in areas within the basin.
An initial network of wells was established by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque from April 1982 through September 1983 to monitor changes in groundwater levels throughout the Albuquerque Basin. In 1983, this network consisted of 6 wells with analog-to-digital recorders and 27 wells where water levels were measured monthly. The network currently (2015) consists of 124 wells and piezometers. (A piezometer is a specialized well open to a specific depth in the aquifer, often of small diameter and nested with other piezometers open to different depths.) The USGS, in cooperation with the ABCWUA, currently (2015) measures and reports water levels from the 124 wells and piezometers in the network; this report presents water-level data collected by USGS personnel at those 124 sites through water year 2015 (October 1, 2014, through September 30, 2015).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1025","isbn":"978-1-4113-4091-6","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Beman, J.E., and Bryant, C.F., 2016, Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2015 (ver. 1.1, August 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1025, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1025.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079076","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388365,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1025/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1025 Version History"},{"id":388364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1025/ds1025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1025"},{"id":330503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1025/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.5,\n 34.2\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 34.2\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 34.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1: August 2021","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
Consistent and reliable sediment data are needed by Federal, State, and local government agencies responsible for monitoring water quality, planning river restoration, quantifying sediment budgets, and evaluating the effectiveness of sediment reduction strategies. Heightened concerns about excessive sediment in rivers and the challenge to reduce costs and eliminate data gaps has guided Federal and State interests in pursuing alternative methods for measuring suspended and bedload sediment. Simple and dependable data collection and estimation techniques are needed to generate hydraulic and water-quality information for areas where data are unavailable or difficult to collect.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, completed a study to evaluate the use of dimensionless sediment rating curves (DSRCs) to accurately predict suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs), bedload, and annual sediment loads for selected rivers and streams in Minnesota based on data collected during 2007 through 2013. This study included the application of DSRC models developed for a small group of streams located in the San Juan River Basin near Pagosa Springs in southwestern Colorado to rivers in Minnesota. Regionally based DSRC models for Minnesota also were developed and compared to DSRC models from Pagosa Springs, Colorado, to evaluate which model provided more accurate predictions of SSCs and bedload in Minnesota.
Multiple measures of goodness-of-fit were developed to assess the effectiveness of DSRC models in predicting SSC and bedload for rivers in Minnesota. More than 600 dimensionless ratio values of SSC, bedload, and streamflow were evaluated and delineated according to Pfankuch stream stability categories of “good/fair” and “poor” to develop four Minnesota-based DSRC models. The basis for Pagosa Springs and Minnesota DSRC model effectiveness was founded on measures of goodness-of-fit that included proximity of the model(s) fitted line to the 95-percent confidence intervals of the site-specific model, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values, model biases, and deviation of annual sediment loads from each model to the annual sediment loads calculated from measured data.
Composite plots comparing Pagosa Springs DSRCs, Minnesota DSRCs, site-specific regression models, and measured data indicated that regionally developed DSRCs (Minnesota DSRC models) more closely approximated measured data for nearly every site. Pagosa Springs DSRC models had markedly larger exponents (slopes) when compared to the Minnesota DSRC models and the site-specific regression models, and over-represent SSC and bedload at streamflows exceeding bankfull. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values for the Minnesota DSRC model for suspended-sediment concentrations closely matched Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values of the site-specific regression models for 12 out of 16 sites. Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values associated with Minnesota DSRCs were greater than those associated with Pagosa Springs DSRCs for every site except the Whitewater River near Beaver, Minnesota site. Pagosa Springs DSRC models were less accurate than the mean of the measured data at predicting SSC values for one-half of the sites for good/fair stability sites and one-half of the sites for poor stability sites. Relative model biases were calculated and determined to be substantial (greater than 5 percent) for Pagosa Springs and Minnesota models, with Minnesota models having a lower mean model bias. For predicted annual suspended-sediment loads (SSL), the Minnesota DSRC models for good/fair and poor stream stability sites more closely approximated the annual SSLs calculated from the measured data as compared to the Pagosa Springs DSRC model.
Results of data analyses indicate that DSRC models developed using data collected in Minnesota were more effective at compensating for differences in individual stream characteristics across a variety of basin sizes and flow regimes than DSRC models developed using data collected for Pagosa Springs, Colorado. Minnesota DSRC models retained a substantial portion of the unique sediment signatures for most rivers, although deviations were observed for streams with limited sediment supply and for rivers in southeastern Minnesota, which had markedly larger regression exponents. Compared to Pagosa Springs DSRC models, Minnesota DSRC models had regression slopes that more closely matched the slopes of site-specific regression models, had greater Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values, had lower model biases, and approximated measured annual sediment loads more closely. The results presented in this report indicate that regionally based DSRCs can be used to estimate reasonably accurate values of SSC and bedload.
Practitioners are cautioned that DSRC reliability is dependent on representative measures of bankfull streamflow, SSC, and bedload. It is, therefore, important that samples of SSC and bedload, which will be used for estimating SSC and bedload at the bankfull streamflow, are collected over a range of conditions that includes the ascending and descending limbs of the event hydrograph. The use of DSRC models may have substantial limitations for certain conditions. For example, DSRC models should not be used to predict SSC and sediment loads for extreme streamflows, such as those that exceed twice the bankfull streamflow value because this constitutes conditions beyond the realm of current (2016) empirical modeling capability. Also, if relations between SSC and streamflow and between bedload and streamflow are not statistically significant, DSRC models should not be used to predict SSC or bedload, as this could result in large errors. For streams that do not violate these conditions, DSRC estimates of SSC and bedload can be used for stream restoration planning and design, and for estimating annual sediment loads for streams where little or no sediment data are available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Ellison, C.A., Groten, J.T., Lorenz, D.L., and Koller, K.S., 2016, Application of dimensionless sediment rating curves to predict suspended-sediment concentrations, bedload, and annual sediment loads for rivers in Minnesota (ver. 1.1, January 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5146, 68 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165146.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 68 p.; 3 Appendix Tables","startPage":"1","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-078848","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330500,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/sir20165146_appendix_table1-3.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table 1–3","size":"13.2 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5146 Appendix Table 1–3"},{"id":372046,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/versionHist.txt","text":"Version 1.1","size":"1.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":372045,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/sir20165146_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report—Version 1.1","size":"5.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5146"},{"id":330498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/sir20165146_appendix_table1-1.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table 1–1","size":"162 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5146 Appendix Table 1–1"},{"id":330499,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/sir20165146_appendix_table1-2.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table 1–2","size":"140 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5146 Appendix Table 1–2"},{"id":330496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5146/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.204691,46.704041],[-92.205192,46.698341],[-92.183091,46.695241],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.204092,46.666941],[-92.201592,46.656641],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.242493,46.649241],[-92.256592,46.658741],[-92.270592,46.650741],[-92.274392,46.657441],[-92.286192,46.660342],[-92.287392,46.667342],[-92.291292,46.668142],[-92.292192,46.663308],[-92.294033,46.074377],[-92.332912,46.062697],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.372717,46.014198],[-92.410649,46.027259],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.442259,46.016177],[-92.453373,45.992913],[-92.464512,45.985038],[-92.461138,45.980216],[-92.469354,45.973811],[-92.527052,45.983245],[-92.548459,45.969056],[-92.551186,45.95224],[-92.60246,45.940815],[-92.614314,45.934529],[-92.638824,45.934166],[-92.638474,45.925971],[-92.659549,45.922937],[-92.676167,45.912072],[-92.675737,45.907478],[-92.707702,45.894901],[-92.734039,45.868108],[-92.739278,45.84758],[-92.765146,45.830183],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.776496,45.790014],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.809837,45.744172],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.870025,45.697272],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.887929,45.639006],[-92.882529,45.610216],[-92.886442,45.598679],[-92.883749,45.575483],[-92.871082,45.567581],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.770223,45.566939],[-92.726082,45.541112],[-92.726677,45.514462],[-92.702224,45.493046],[-92.680234,45.464344],[-92.653549,45.455346],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.664102,45.393309],[-92.676961,45.380137],[-92.678223,45.373604],[-92.70272,45.358472],[-92.698967,45.336374],[-92.709968,45.321302],[-92.737122,45.300459],[-92.761013,45.289028],[-92.760615,45.278827],[-92.751659,45.26591],[-92.760249,45.2496],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.763908,45.204866],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.764872,45.182812],[-92.752404,45.173916],[-92.757707,45.155466],[-92.739584,45.115598],[-92.744938,45.108309],[-92.791528,45.079647],[-92.803079,45.060978],[-92.793282,45.047178],[-92.770362,45.033803],[-92.76206,45.02432],[-92.771231,45.001378],[-92.769445,44.97215],[-92.754603,44.955767],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.758701,44.908979],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.773946,44.889997],[-92.764133,44.875905],[-92.769102,44.862167],[-92.765278,44.837186],[-92.78043,44.812589],[-92.785206,44.792303],[-92.805287,44.768361],[-92.807988,44.75147],[-92.787906,44.737432],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-92.700948,44.693751],[-92.660988,44.660884],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.619779,44.634195],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.601516,44.612052],[-92.586216,44.600088],[-92.569434,44.603539],[-92.549777,44.58113],[-92.549957,44.568988],[-92.540551,44.567258],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.493808,44.566063],[-92.481001,44.568276],[-92.455105,44.561886],[-92.433256,44.5655],[-92.399281,44.558292],[-92.361518,44.558935],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.302466,44.516487],[-92.302215,44.500298],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.195378,44.433792],[-92.124513,44.422115],[-92.111085,44.413948],[-92.078605,44.404869],[-92.056486,44.402729],[-92.038147,44.388731],[-91.970266,44.365842],[-91.941311,44.340978],[-91.92559,44.333548],[-91.918625,44.322671],[-91.913534,44.311392],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.896388,44.27469],[-91.896008,44.262871],[-91.88704,44.251772],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.877429,44.212921],[-91.872369,44.199167],[-91.829167,44.17835],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.751747,44.134786],[-91.721552,44.130342],[-91.710597,44.12048],[-91.708207,44.105186],[-91.69531,44.09857],[-91.68153,44.0974],[-91.667006,44.086964],[-91.647873,44.064109],[-91.638115,44.063285],[-91.610487,44.04931],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.507121,44.01898],[-91.48087,44.008145],[-91.463515,44.009041],[-91.432522,43.996827],[-91.407395,43.965148],[-91.385785,43.954239],[-91.366642,43.937463],[-91.357426,43.917231],[-91.347741,43.911964],[-91.338141,43.897664],[-91.320605,43.888491],[-91.310991,43.867381],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.262436,43.792166],[-91.244135,43.774667],[-91.255431,43.744876],[-91.255932,43.729849],[-91.268455,43.709824],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.271749,43.654929],[-91.262397,43.64176],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.232707,43.583533],[-91.232812,43.564842],[-91.243214,43.550722],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.232941,43.523967],[-91.218292,43.514434],[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.731396,45.45702],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.577952,46.165843],[-96.587408,46.178164],[-96.584372,46.204155],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.598645,46.241626],[-96.590942,46.250183],[-96.59887,46.26069],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.646341,46.360982],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.666028,46.374566],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.703078,46.429467],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.73627,46.48138],[-96.737798,46.489785],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.743003,46.54294],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.78995,46.631531],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.790906,46.70297],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.784314,46.766973],[-96.796195,46.789881],[-96.795756,46.807795],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.789663,46.832306],[-96.779347,46.843672],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.761757,46.934663],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.79038,46.929398],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.797734,46.9464],[-96.798737,46.962399],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.818557,47.02778],[-96.821422,47.032842],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.818175,47.104193],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.824807,47.124968],[-96.831547,47.142017],[-96.822377,47.162744],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.826962,47.182802],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.832789,47.203911],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.832946,47.237588],[-96.83766,47.240876],[-96.835368,47.250428],[-96.841672,47.258164],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842531,47.269531],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.841958,47.316907],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.852417,47.366241],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852676,47.374973],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.840621,47.389881],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.844919,47.399815],[-96.863593,47.418775],[-96.85748,47.440457],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.85853,47.489934],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.851367,47.509037],[-96.866363,47.524893],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.859153,47.566355],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.873671,47.613654],[-96.871005,47.616832],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882376,47.649025],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.887126,47.666369],[-96.895271,47.67357],[-96.899352,47.689473],[-96.908928,47.688722],[-96.907266,47.693976],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.919471,47.722515],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.934173,47.752412],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.9644,47.782995],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-97.005557,47.863977],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.019355,47.880278],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.019155,47.889778],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.015354,47.910278],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.061454,47.96358],[-97.053553,47.991612],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.063012,48.013179],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.068987,48.026267],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.103052,48.071669],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.105226,48.09044],[-97.104872,48.097851],[-97.109535,48.104723],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.141401,48.14359],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.138765,48.244991],[-97.127276,48.253323],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.122072,48.300865],[-97.132443,48.315489],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.134854,48.331314],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.139173,48.430528],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.140291,48.484722],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.150481,48.536877],[-97.163105,48.543855],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.132931,48.61338],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.125639,48.620919],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.097708,48.68395],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.136083,48.727763],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.151289,48.757428],[-97.147478,48.763698],[-97.154854,48.774515],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.163535,48.79507],[-97.165624,48.809627],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.187362,48.867598],[-97.185738,48.87222],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.218666,48.931781],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.230859,48.960891],[-97.239209,48.968684],[-97.237297,48.985696],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-95.126467,49.369439],[-95.058404,49.35317],[-95.014415,49.356405],[-94.988908,49.368897],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.854245,49.324154],[-94.816222,49.320987],[-94.824291,49.308834],[-94.82516,49.294283],[-94.797244,49.214284],[-94.797527,49.197791],[-94.773223,49.120733],[-94.750221,49.099763],[-94.750218,48.999992],[-94.718932,48.999991],[-94.683069,48.883929],[-94.684217,48.872399],[-94.692527,48.86895],[-94.693044,48.853392],[-94.685681,48.840119],[-94.701968,48.831778],[-94.704284,48.824284],[-94.694974,48.809206],[-94.694312,48.789352],[-94.690889,48.778066],[-94.651765,48.755913],[-94.645164,48.749975],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-94.61901,48.737374],[-94.58715,48.717599],[-94.549069,48.714653],[-94.533057,48.701262],[-94.452332,48.692444],[-94.438701,48.694889],[-94.416191,48.710948],[-94.384221,48.711806],[-94.342758,48.703382],[-94.308446,48.710239],[-94.290737,48.707747],[-94.260541,48.696381],[-94.251169,48.683514],[-94.254643,48.663888],[-94.250497,48.656654],[-94.224276,48.649527],[-94.091244,48.643669],[-94.065775,48.646104],[-94.035616,48.641018],[-94.006933,48.643193],[-93.944221,48.632294],[-93.91153,48.634673],[-93.840754,48.628548],[-93.824144,48.610724],[-93.806763,48.577616],[-93.811201,48.542385],[-93.818253,48.530046],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-93.656652,48.515731],[-93.643091,48.518294],[-93.628865,48.53121],[-93.612844,48.521876],[-93.60587,48.522472],[-93.594379,48.528793],[-93.547191,48.528684],[-93.467504,48.545664],[-93.460798,48.550552],[-93.456675,48.561834],[-93.465199,48.590659],[-93.438494,48.59338],[-93.405269,48.609344],[-93.395022,48.603303],[-93.371156,48.605085],[-93.362132,48.613832],[-93.35324,48.613378],[-93.349095,48.624935],[-93.254854,48.642784],[-93.207398,48.642474],[-93.178095,48.623339],[-93.088438,48.627597],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.95012,48.630419],[-92.949839,48.608269],[-92.929614,48.606874],[-92.909947,48.596313],[-92.894687,48.594915],[-92.728046,48.53929],[-92.657881,48.546263],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.625739,48.518189],[-92.631117,48.508252],[-92.627237,48.503383],[-92.636696,48.499428],[-92.654039,48.501635],[-92.661418,48.496557],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.712562,48.463013],[-92.687998,48.443889],[-92.656027,48.436709],[-92.507285,48.447875],[-92.475585,48.418793],[-92.456325,48.414204],[-92.456389,48.401134],[-92.47675,48.37176],[-92.469948,48.351836],[-92.437825,48.309839],[-92.416285,48.295463],[-92.369174,48.220268],[-92.336831,48.235383],[-92.269742,48.248241],[-92.273706,48.256747],[-92.294541,48.27156],[-92.292999,48.276404],[-92.301451,48.288608],[-92.294527,48.306454],[-92.306309,48.316442],[-92.304561,48.322977],[-92.295412,48.323957],[-92.288994,48.342991],[-92.26228,48.354933],[-92.222813,48.349203],[-92.216983,48.345114],[-92.206803,48.345596],[-92.203684,48.352063],[-92.178418,48.351881],[-92.177354,48.357228],[-92.145049,48.365651],[-92.143583,48.356121],[-92.083513,48.353865],[-92.077961,48.358253],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-92.045734,48.347901],[-92.046562,48.33474],[-92.037721,48.333183],[-92.030872,48.325824],[-92.000133,48.321355],[-92.01298,48.297391],[-92.006577,48.265421],[-91.989545,48.260214],[-91.976903,48.244626],[-91.971056,48.247667],[-91.971779,48.252977],[-91.954432,48.251678],[-91.952209,48.244394],[-91.957683,48.242683],[-91.957798,48.232989],[-91.941838,48.230602],[-91.915772,48.238871],[-91.89347,48.237699],[-91.884691,48.227321],[-91.867882,48.219095],[-91.864382,48.207031],[-91.815772,48.211748],[-91.809038,48.206013],[-91.79181,48.202492],[-91.789011,48.196549],[-91.756637,48.205022],[-91.749075,48.198844],[-91.741932,48.199122],[-91.742313,48.204491],[-91.714931,48.19913],[-91.711611,48.1891],[-91.721413,48.180255],[-91.724584,48.170657],[-91.705318,48.170775],[-91.70726,48.153661],[-91.698174,48.141643],[-91.699981,48.13184],[-91.712226,48.116883],[-91.703524,48.113548],[-91.682845,48.122118],[-91.687623,48.111698],[-91.676876,48.107264],[-91.665208,48.107011],[-91.653261,48.114137],[-91.653571,48.109567],[-91.640175,48.096926],[-91.559272,48.108268],[-91.552962,48.103012],[-91.569746,48.093348],[-91.575471,48.066294],[-91.575672,48.048791],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-91.488646,48.068065],[-91.45033,48.068806],[-91.437582,48.049248],[-91.429642,48.048608],[-91.391128,48.057075],[-91.370872,48.06941],[-91.365143,48.066968],[-91.340159,48.073236],[-91.332589,48.069331],[-91.26638,48.078713],[-91.214428,48.10294],[-91.190461,48.124891],[-91.183207,48.122235],[-91.176181,48.125811],[-91.137733,48.14915],[-91.139402,48.154738],[-91.092258,48.173101],[-91.082731,48.180756],[-91.024208,48.190072],[-90.976955,48.219452],[-90.914971,48.230603],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.875107,48.237784],[-90.847352,48.244443],[-90.839176,48.239511],[-90.836313,48.176963],[-90.832589,48.173765],[-90.821115,48.184709],[-90.817698,48.179569],[-90.804207,48.177833],[-90.796596,48.159373],[-90.777917,48.163801],[-90.778031,48.148723],[-90.79797,48.136894],[-90.787305,48.134196],[-90.789919,48.129902],[-90.76911,48.116585],[-90.761555,48.100133],[-90.751608,48.090968],[-90.641596,48.103515],[-90.626886,48.111846],[-90.59146,48.117546],[-90.582217,48.123784],[-90.55929,48.121683],[-90.555845,48.117069],[-90.569763,48.106951],[-90.567482,48.101178],[-90.556838,48.096008],[-90.487077,48.099082],[-90.467712,48.108818],[-90.438449,48.098747],[-90.403219,48.105114],[-90.374542,48.090942],[-90.367658,48.094577],[-90.344234,48.094447],[-90.330052,48.102399],[-90.312386,48.1053],[-90.289337,48.098993],[-90.224692,48.108148],[-90.188679,48.107947],[-90.176605,48.112445],[-90.136191,48.112136],[-90.116259,48.104303],[-90.073873,48.101138],[-90.023595,48.084708],[-90.015057,48.067188],[-90.008446,48.068396],[-89.997852,48.057567],[-89.99305,48.028404],[-89.97718,48.023501],[-89.968255,48.014482],[-89.954605,48.011516],[-89.95059,48.015901],[-89.934489,48.015628],[-89.915341,47.994866],[-89.897414,47.987599],[-89.873286,47.985419],[-89.868153,47.989898],[-89.847571,47.992442],[-89.842568,48.001368],[-89.830385,48.000284],[-89.820483,48.014665],[-89.797744,48.014505],[-89.763967,48.022969],[-89.724048,48.018996],[-89.721038,48.017965],[-89.724044,48.013675],[-89.716114,48.016441],[-89.716417,48.010251],[-89.702528,48.006325],[-89.673798,48.01151],[-89.667128,48.007421],[-89.657051,48.009954],[-89.649057,48.003853],[-89.617867,48.010947],[-89.611678,48.017529],[-89.607821,48.006566],[-89.594749,48.004332],[-89.582117,47.996314],[-89.564288,48.00293],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-89.495344,48.002356],[-89.541521,47.992841],[-89.551555,47.987305],[-89.555015,47.974849],[-89.572315,47.967238],[-89.58823,47.9662],[-89.611412,47.980731],[-89.624559,47.983153],[-89.631825,47.980039],[-89.640129,47.96793],[-89.638285,47.954275],[-89.697619,47.941288],[-89.793539,47.891358],[-89.85396,47.873997],[-89.87158,47.874194],[-89.923649,47.862062],[-89.930844,47.857723],[-89.92752,47.850825],[-89.933899,47.84676],[-89.974296,47.830514],[-90.072025,47.811105],[-90.075559,47.803303],[-90.1168,47.79538],[-90.16079,47.792807],[-90.178755,47.786414],[-90.187636,47.77813],[-90.248794,47.772763],[-90.323446,47.753771],[-90.332686,47.746387],[-90.437712,47.731612],[-90.441912,47.726404],[-90.458365,47.7214],[-90.537105,47.703055],[-90.551291,47.690266],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-90.907494,47.532873],[-90.914247,47.522639],[-90.939072,47.514532],[-91.032945,47.458236],[-91.045646,47.456525],[-91.097569,47.413888],[-91.128131,47.399619],[-91.146958,47.381464],[-91.156513,47.378816],[-91.188772,47.340082],[-91.238658,47.304976],[-91.262512,47.27929],[-91.288478,47.26596],[-91.326019,47.238993],[-91.357803,47.206743],[-91.418805,47.172152],[-91.477351,47.125667],[-91.497902,47.122579],[-91.518793,47.108121],[-91.573817,47.089917],[-91.591508,47.068684],[-91.626824,47.049953],[-91.644564,47.026491],[-91.666477,47.014297],[-91.704649,47.005246],[-91.780675,46.945881],[-91.806851,46.933727],[-91.841349,46.925215],[-91.883238,46.905728],[-91.914984,46.883836],[-91.952985,46.867037],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-92.088289,46.773639],[-92.06449,46.745439],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-92.01529,46.706469],[-92.020289,46.704039],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.10819,46.74914],[-92.13789,46.73954],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.141291,46.72524],[-92.146291,46.71594],[-92.167291,46.719941],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.204691,46.704041]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, Minnesota 55112