{"pageNumber":"4040","pageRowStart":"100975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70017863,"text":"70017863 - 1994 - Explosive tephra emissions of Mount St. Helens, 1989-1991: the violent escape of magmatic gas following storms?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T11:13:17","indexId":"70017863","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Explosive tephra emissions of Mount St. Helens, 1989-1991: the violent escape of magmatic gas following storms?","docAbstract":"From 24 August 1989 until 18 June 1991, Mount St. Helens produced at least 28 shallow, explosion-like seismic events with signatures similar to those produced by gas explosions on the dome during the mid 1980s. At least six were accompanied by violent emission of non-juvenile tephra, ejection of blocks of rock nearly 1 km from the vent, and avalanching of debris off the north side of the dome. All six confirmed emissions and most (although not all) other seismic events took place hours to days after storms. The short delay between storms and emissions suggests that the events that follow storms originate at very shallow depth, probably within the dome itself. Although the exact causal mechanism is not known, it is speculated that slope instability or accelerated growth of cooling fractures following storms may have released gas trapped within or at the base of the dome. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0175:ETEAMS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L., 1994, Explosive tephra emissions of Mount St. Helens, 1989-1991: the violent escape of magmatic gas following storms?: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, no. 2, p. 175-185, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0175:ETEAMS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"185","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e2be4b0c8380cd5331d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, L.G.","contributorId":80313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70177040,"text":"70177040 - 1994 - Acute toxicity and hazard assessment of Rodeo®, X-77 Spreader®, and Chem-Trol® to aquatic invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:40:26","indexId":"70177040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity and hazard assessment of Rodeo®, X-77 Spreader®, and Chem-Trol® to aquatic invertebrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>The herbicide Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span> provides waterfowl managers with an effective chemical tool for creating open water habitats in wetlands if its use does not adversely affect native invertebrate communities. The survival of caged </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Chironomus</i><span> spp. (midge), </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Hyalella azteca</i><span> (amphipod),</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Stagnicola elodes</i><span> (pond snail), and </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Nephelopsis obscura</i><span> (leech) was assessed in prairie pothole wetlands treated by air with a tank mixture of Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span>, the surfactant X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and the drift retardant Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span> at a rate recommended for controlling cattails. Laboratory studies were then conducted to determine the acute toxicities of Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span>, X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span>, individually and in simulated tank mixtures, to the same invertebrates and to </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Daphnia magna</i><span> in reconstituted water representative of these wetlands. There was no difference in the survival of caged invertebrates between treated and reference wetlands after 21 days. Based on nominal concentrations of the formulations, X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span> (LC50s=2.0–14.1 mg/L) was about 83–136 times more toxic than Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span> (LC50s=218–1216 mg/L) to aquatic invertebrates. Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span> killed ≤10% of the animals at 10,000 mg/L and ≤50% of the animals at 28,000 mg/L. </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Daphnia magna</i><span> were more sensitive than the other species to X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span>, Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and the simulated Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span> tank mixture (RTM). The joint toxic action of the RTM was additive for amphipods and midges, greater than additive for leeches, and was less than additive for daphnids. X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span> was the major toxic component in the RTM. Binary mixtures of X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span>, Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span> at tank mixture and equitoxic ratios also showed additive toxicity to amphipods. The use of Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span> (applied as a tank mixture with X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span> and Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span>) as a management tool in wetlands does not pose an acute hazard to native aquatic invertebrates because the concentrations of Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span>, X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span> found to be acutely toxic to these invertebrates were much higher than their expected or measured concentrations in water from wetlands treated with the RTM.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00213176","usgsCitation":"Henry, C.J., Higgins, K.F., and Buhl, K., 1994, Acute toxicity and hazard assessment of Rodeo®, X-77 Spreader®, and Chem-Trol® to aquatic invertebrates: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 27, no. 3, p. 392-399, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00213176.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"392","endPage":"399","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5805e34fe4b0824b2d1c24ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, C. J.","contributorId":175437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, K. F.","contributorId":39713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, K.J.","contributorId":19728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178211,"text":"70178211 - 1994 - Contaminants in fishes from Great Lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three Michigan rivers. I: Concentrations of organo chlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin equivalents, and mercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T12:43:41","indexId":"70178211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants in fishes from Great Lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three Michigan rivers. I: Concentrations of organo chlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin equivalents, and mercury","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fishes of the Great Lakes contain hazardous chemicals such as synthetic halogenated hydrocarbons and metals. These fish can move from the lakes into the Great Lakes tributaries of Michigan. In doing so, they transport concentrationsof contaminants which may represent a risk to wildlife. Concentrations of mercury (Hg), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-</span><i>p</i><span>-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ), total DDT complex, aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, hexachlorobenzene,&nbsp;</span><i>cis</i><span>-chlordane, oxychlordane, endosulfan-I, methoxychlor,&nbsp;</span><i>trans</i><span>-chlordane, and&nbsp;</span><i>trans</i><span>-nonachlor were determined in composite samples of fishes from above and below Michigan hydroelectric dams, which separate the fishes which have access to the Great Lakes from fishes that do not. Mean concentrations of total PCBs, TCDD-EQ, DDT, and most of the other pesticides were greater in composite samples of six species of fishes from below than above the dams on the Au Sable, Manistee, and Muskegon Rivers. Concentrations of mercury, were the same or greater above the dams than below. However, this difference was statistically significant only on the Au Sable. Mercury concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 mg/kg to 0.73 mg Hg/kg, ww. Total concentrations of PCBs ranged from 0.02 to 1.7 mg/kg, ww. Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-</span><i>p</i><span>-dioxin equivalents varied among fishes and locations. The concentrations of TCDD-EQ ranged from 2.4 to 71 μg/kg, ww, with concentrations in carp being the greatest. Concentrations of TCDD-EQ were greater than the concentrations which would be expected to occur, due solely to the presence of polychlorinated dibenzo-</span><i>p</i><span>-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), and technical mixtures of PCBs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00214264","usgsCitation":"Giesy, J., Verbrugge, D., Othout, R.A., Bowerman, W., Mora, M., Jones, P.D., Newsted, J., Vandervoort, C., Heaton, S.N., Aulerich, R., Bursian, S., Ludwig, J.P., Ludwig, M., Dawson, G.A., Kubiak, T., Best, D.A., and Tillitt, D., 1994, Contaminants in fishes from Great Lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three Michigan rivers. I: Concentrations of organo chlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin equivalents, and mercury: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 202-212, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00214264.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"212","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Michigan ","otherGeospatial":"Au Sable River, Manistee River, Muskegon Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.3140869140625,\n              43.19516498456403\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.375244140625,\n              44.308126684886126\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.309326171875,\n              45.1510532655634\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.1328125,\n              44.74673324024678\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.253662109375,\n              44.692088041727786\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.495361328125,\n              44.04811573082351\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.539306640625,\n              43.57243174740972\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3140869140625,\n              43.19516498456403\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5821a0dfe4b02f1a881de988","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verbrugge, D. A.","contributorId":64960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verbrugge","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Othout, R. A.","contributorId":223529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Othout","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowerman, W.W.","contributorId":69098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowerman","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, P. D.","contributorId":46462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Newsted, J.L.","contributorId":94937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newsted","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vandervoort, C.","contributorId":176721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vandervoort","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heaton, S. N.","contributorId":176722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aulerich, R.J.","contributorId":39904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulerich","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bursian, S.J.","contributorId":16127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bursian","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ludwig, J. P.","contributorId":176341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ludwig","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ludwig, M.","contributorId":176723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ludwig","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Dawson, G. A.","contributorId":176720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kubiak, T.J.","contributorId":150393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kubiak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Best, D. A.","contributorId":175435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Best","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":118820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":28995,"text":"wri934214 - 1994 - Application of borehole geophysics in the characterization of flow in fractured rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-12T14:40:00.241029","indexId":"wri934214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4214","title":"Application of borehole geophysics in the characterization of flow in fractured rocks","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934214","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1994, Application of borehole geophysics in the characterization of flow in fractured rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4214, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934214.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57862,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4214/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4214/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aae7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017911,"text":"70017911 - 1994 - Problems with indirect determinations of peak streamflows in steep, desert stream channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017911","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Problems with indirect determinations of peak streamflows in steep, desert stream channels","docAbstract":"Many peak streamflow values used in flood analyses for desert areas are derived using the Manning equation. Data used in the equation are collected after the flow has subsided, and peak flow is thereby determined indirectly. Most measurement problems and associated errors in peak-flow determinations result from (1) channel erosion or deposition that cannot be discerned or properly evaluated after the fact, (2) unsteady and non-uniform flow that rapidly changes in magnitude, and (3) appreciable sediment transport that has unknown effects on energy dissipation. High calculated velocities and Froude numbers are unacceptable to some investigators. Measurement results could be improved by recording flows with a video camera, installing a recording stream gage and recording rain gages, measuring channel scour with buried chains, analyzing measured data by multiple techniques, and supplementing indirect measurements with direct measurements of stream velocities in similar ephemeral streams.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1994 ASCE National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"1 August 1994 through 5 August 1994","conferenceLocation":"Buffalo, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"10701559","isbn":"0784400377","usgsCitation":"Glancy, P.A., and Williams, R.P., 1994, Problems with indirect determinations of peak streamflows in steep, desert stream channels, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 1, Buffalo, NY, USA, 1 August 1994 through 5 August 1994, p. 635-639.","startPage":"635","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ce7e4b0c8380cd7e957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glancy, Patrick A.","contributorId":87113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glancy","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Rhea P.","contributorId":87114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Rhea","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185084,"text":"70185084 - 1994 - Shorebirds in western North America: Late 1800s to late 1900s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:28:11","indexId":"70185084","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5103,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","printIssn":"0197-9922","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Shorebirds in western North America: Late 1800s to late 1900s","docAbstract":"<p><span>Only anecdotal information is available to assess whether populations of the 47 shorebird species that breed or winter west of the Rocky Mountains changed in size or distribution during the past century. Unregulated hunting from 1870 to 1927 reduced populations of several species, at least temporarily, and was a factor in bringing the Eskimo Curlew (</span><i>Numenius borealis</i><span>) close to extinction. Large scale transformation of native grasslands and wetlands for agriculture and other purposes resulted in population declines and nesting range contractions of several temperate-zone breeders. In general, upland species were affected more than wetland species, breeding ranges contracted westward, and alteration of breeding habitat was the factor most responsible for range contractions and population declines. A ranking system assessing shorebird susceptibility to habitat alteration also predicted temperate breeders to be among the most vulnerable species to environmental change. The few estimates for current population sizes of western North American shorebirds range from fewer than 50 Eskimo Curlews to a few million Western Sandpipers (</span><i>Calidris mauri</i><span>), the most abundant species. Concentrations of at least 1000 shorebirds occur on migration at over 120 western North American sites and of 100,000 to 1,000,000 shorebirds at 18 sites. Whether populations are limited by conditions on breeding, wintering or migration ranges is unknown for most species. Expansion of ongoing programs coupled with economical new census efforts could be useful for monitoring the majority of western North American shorebirds during the next century.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"A century of avifaunal change in western North America (Studies in Avian Biology no. 15)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","isbn":"0935868720","usgsCitation":"Page, G.W., and Gill, R., 1994, Shorebirds in western North America: Late 1800s to late 1900s, chap. <i>of</i> A century of avifaunal change in western North America (Studies in Avian Biology no. 15): Studies in Avian Biology, v. 15, p. 147-160.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"160","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.americanornithology.org/content/studies-avian-biology","text":"<i>Studies in Avian Biology</i> Homepage"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c9012ae4b0849ce97abd32","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jehl, Joseph R. Jr.","contributorId":6309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jehl","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684281,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Ned K.","contributorId":77462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ned","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684282,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Page, Gary W.","contributorId":46015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017929,"text":"70017929 - 1994 - Experimental studies of alunite: I. <sup>18</sup>O-<sup>16</sup>O and D-H fractionation factors between alunite and water at 250-450°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-21T15:23:37","indexId":"70017929","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental studies of alunite: I. <sup>18</sup>O-<sup>16</sup>O and D-H fractionation factors between alunite and water at 250-450°C","docAbstract":"We have determined oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation factors between alunite and water over a temperature range of 250-450??C by reacting synthetic natroalunite with 0.7 m K2SO4 -0.1 to 0.65 m H2SO4 solutions to produce K-rich alunite. From 88 to 95% alkali and isotope exchange were observed in most of these experiments, and the partial equilibrium method was used to compute equilibrium fractionation factors. Least-squares fits of the data give 103 In ??alunite(so4)-H2O = 3.09 ( 106 T2 (K)) - 2.94 and 103 In ??alunite(OH)-H2O = 2.28 ( 106 T2 (K)) - 3.90. The intramineral 18O- 16O fractionation factor 103 In ??alunite(so4-OH site) is given by the expression 0.8 ( 106 T2 (K)) + 0.96. The alunite-water D-H fractionation factor ranges from -19 at 450??C to -6 at 250??C and does not appear to be strongly dependent on temperature. Runs with alkali exchange in the opposite direction were used to obtain 18O- 16O and D-H fractionation factors between natroalunite (mol% Na = 70-75) and water at 350-450??C. These indicate that mol% Na has negligible effect on the fractionation factors over this temperature range. Measured 18O-16O and D-H fractionation factors between alunite and 1.0 m KCl -0.5 m H2SO4 fluids also agree within 2?? with the values obtained from the K2SO4-H2SO4 fluids. However, experiments with alunite and distilled water at 400??C gave a value of 103 In ??alunite(SO4)-H2O of 0.0, compared with a value of 3.9 obtained at this temperature with K2SO4- and H2SO4-bearing fluids. This suggests that changes in fluid composition can affect alunite-water 18O-16O fractionation factors. Reconnaissance experiments with fine-grained natural natroalunite demonstrate that alunite-water D-H exchange can occur by hydrogen diffusion, although this process is generally not significant in the experiments with coarser grained synthetic alunites. ?? 1994.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(94)90514-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Stoffregen, R.E., Rye, R.O., and Wasserman, M.D., 1994, Experimental studies of alunite: I. <sup>18</sup>O-<sup>16</sup>O and D-H fractionation factors between alunite and water at 250-450°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 2, p. 903-916, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90514-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"916","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0de1e4b0c8380cd5322f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoffregen, Roger E.","contributorId":52034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffregen","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wasserman, Michael D.","contributorId":75547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wasserman","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":68784,"text":"oc141 - 1994 - Southwest-northeast-oriented stratigraphic cross sections of Jurassic through Paleozoic rocks, San Juan Basin and vicinity, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-26T12:11:45","indexId":"oc141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":328,"text":"Oil and Gas Investigation Chart","code":"OC","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"141","title":"Southwest-northeast-oriented stratigraphic cross sections of Jurassic through Paleozoic rocks, San Juan Basin and vicinity, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/oc141","isbn":"0607824441","usgsCitation":"Huffman, A.C., and Condon, S.M., 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,{"id":26883,"text":"wri944027 - 1994 - Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer -- Predevelopment to 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:19:35.107902","indexId":"wri944027","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4027","title":"Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer -- Predevelopment to 1992","docAbstract":"<p>Changes in water levels in the High Plains aquifet underlying parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming result from the variability of precipitation, land use, and ground-water withdrawals. From the beginning of development of the High Plains aquifer to 1980, water levels declined throughout much of the area; the declines exceeded 100 feet in parts of the central and southern High Plains. From 1980 to 1992, water levels continued to decline in these same areas, but at a slightly slower overall annual rate. This slower rate of decline was associated, in part, with a decrease in ground-water application for irrigated agriculture and above normal precipitation throughout the High Plains during 1980-91. Declines exceeding 20 feet were common from 1980 to 1992 in areas of intense irrigation development in Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. In the northern High Plains, declines of 10 to 20 feet from 1980 to 1992 were widespread in northeastern Colorado, southwestern Nebraska, and the Nebraska Panhandle. Water levels were generally stable from 1980 to 1992 in most other areas of the High Plains. In a large area in the southern High Plains of Texas, however, water-level rises exceeded 20 feet. Also, scattered rises of 5 to 10 feet occurred in eastern Nebraska. The estimated average area-weighted water-level change, from 1991 to 1992 was -0.55, even though precipitation was well-above normal in 1991 in the High Plains. Water- level declines of 3 to 5 feet were widespread in the intensively irrigated areas of southwestern Kansas and the northern part of the Southern High Plains of Texas. These large declines were not closely related to 1991 precipitation patterns in those areas. Declines of 1 to 3 feet were common throughout the intensively irrigated areas of the Northern High Plains and the less intensively irrigated areas of the Central and Southern High Plains. Water levels continued to rise, generally 1 to 3 feet in the extreme Southern High Plains of Texas. Rises of 1 to 3 feet also occurred in parts of northeastern and central Nebraska.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944027","usgsCitation":"Dugan, J.T., McGrath, T.J., and Zelt, R.B., 1994, Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer -- Predevelopment to 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4027, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944027.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392979,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47936.htm"},{"id":118748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4027/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55774,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4027/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"High Plains aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.361328125,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.361328125,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a05e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGrath, T. J.","contributorId":92294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrath","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zelt, R. B.","contributorId":34913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":64997,"text":"i2328 - 1994 - Geologic map of the Tiamat Sulcus Quadrangle (Jg-9) of Ganymede","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T13:55:40","indexId":"i2328","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2328","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map of the Tiamat Sulcus Quadrangle (Jg-9) of Ganymede","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2328","usgsCitation":"Croft, S., Casacchia, R., and Strom, R., 1994, Geologic map of the Tiamat Sulcus Quadrangle (Jg-9) of Ganymede: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2328, 1 remote-sensing image :col. ;41 x 65 cm., on sheet 97 x 82 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2328.","productDescription":"1 remote-sensing image :col. ;41 x 65 cm., on sheet 97 x 82 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100809,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2328/plate-1.pdf","size":"13475","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"5000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a1ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croft, S.K.","contributorId":29519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croft","given":"S.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casacchia, Ruggero","contributorId":34205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casacchia","given":"Ruggero","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strom, R.G.","contributorId":45744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017919,"text":"70017919 - 1994 - 40Ar/39Ar ages from the rhyolite of Alder Creek, California: Age of the Cobb Mountain normal-polarity subchron revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-21T22:52:16.113372","indexId":"70017919","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar ages from the rhyolite of Alder Creek, California: Age of the Cobb Mountain normal-polarity subchron revisited","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15576256\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>New<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age determinations on sanidine from the rhyolite of Alder Creek, California, indicate a 1.186 ±0.006 Ma age for the Cobb Mountain Normal-Polarity Subchron. The new age is statistically older (α = 0.05) than the previously reported K-Ar age (1.12 ±0.02 Ma) and agrees with the age suggested by the astronomical polarity time scale. Incomplete extraction of radiogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar (<sup>40</sup>Ar*) from the sanidine is the most likely reason for the disparity between the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar and K-Ar ages. Because the Cobb Mountain subchron is a worldwide, short-duration event, and because no widely used interlaboratory<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar standard younger than 27 Ma exists, we propose that sanidine from the rhyolite of Alder Creek be considered for use as a new Quaternary<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar mineral standard.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0251:AAAFTR>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Turrin, B.D., Donnelly-Nolan, J., and Hearn, B.C., 1994, 40Ar/39Ar ages from the rhyolite of Alder Creek, California: Age of the Cobb Mountain normal-polarity subchron revisited: Geology, v. 22, no. 3, p. 251-254, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0251:AAAFTR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228539,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e263e4b0c8380cd45b32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hearn, B. C. Jr.","contributorId":37709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017917,"text":"70017917 - 1994 - Nested-model approach to investigate climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017917","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nested-model approach to investigate climate change","docAbstract":"Determination of the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in mountainous regions is critical for assessing the effects of climate variability on water resources in these regions. Potential effects of climate change on water resources in the Gunnison River basin of southwestern Colorado currently are being studied using a nested-model approach to disaggregate large-scale general circulation model output to account for smaller-scale processes. This paper presents a disaggregation technique in which scenarios of possible climate change will be developed by nesting a global general circulation model, a mesoscale climate model, a local orographic precipitation model, and a watershed model.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Water Policy and","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Water Policy and Management: Solving the Problems","conferenceDate":"23 May 1994 through 26 May 1994","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0784400202","usgsCitation":"Hay, L.E., and Leavesley, G.H., 1994, Nested-model approach to investigate climate change, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Water Policy and, Denver, CO, USA, 23 May 1994 through 26 May 1994, p. 477-480.","startPage":"477","endPage":"480","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64ade4b0c8380cd72a24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leavesley, George H. george@usgs.gov","contributorId":1202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"George","email":"george@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":377911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18401,"text":"ofr92630 - 1994 - Documentation of Model Input and Output Values Used for Analyses of Simulated Development in Stagecoac Valley, Lyon and Storey Counties, Western Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-26T14:18:42","indexId":"ofr92630","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-630","title":"Documentation of Model Input and Output Values Used for Analyses of Simulated Development in Stagecoac Valley, Lyon and Storey Counties, Western Nevada","docAbstract":"A previously published Geological Survey report (Professional Paper 1409-H) describes ground-water flow and simulated development scenarios in Stagecoach Valley, Lyon and Storey Counties, Nevada. This study was done as part of the Survey's Great Basin Regional Aquifer-Systems Analysis program. Documentation of model input and output values used for analysis of ground-water flow and simulated development scenarios in Stagecoach Valley, Lyon and Storey Counties, in western Nevada, has not been published previously. In this report, the documen- tation, consisting of a listing of input values and sample output, is contained on a 5-1/4-inch diskette in files presented according to the American International Standard Code for Information Inter- change (ASCII) format. These files require approxi- mately 760,000 bytes of disk space on an IBM- compatible microcomputer using the MS-DOS operating system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92630","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Carey, A.E., 1994, Documentation of Model Input and Output Values Used for Analyses of Simulated Development in Stagecoac Valley, Lyon and Storey Counties, Western Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-630, 1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in. + 4 p. text., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92630.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in. + 4 p. text.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270170,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0630/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63cd05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carey, Anne E.","contributorId":46550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47899,"text":"b1995FG - 1994 - The thermal regime of Santa Maria Province, California. Phosphorus geochemistry, diagenesis, and mass balances of the Miocene Monterey Formation at Shell Beach, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47899,"text":"b1995FG - 1994 - The thermal regime of Santa Maria Province, California. Phosphorus geochemistry, diagenesis, and mass balances of the Miocene Monterey Formation at Shell Beach, California","indexId":"b1995FG","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"F,G","title":"The thermal regime of Santa Maria Province, California. Phosphorus geochemistry, diagenesis, and mass balances of the Miocene Monterey Formation at Shell Beach, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33200,"text":"b1995 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province","indexId":"b1995","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33200,"text":"b1995 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province","indexId":"b1995","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-09T14:11:31","indexId":"b1995FG","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1995","chapter":"F,G","title":"The thermal regime of Santa Maria Province, California. Phosphorus geochemistry, diagenesis, and mass balances of the Miocene Monterey Formation at Shell Beach, California","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evolution of Sedimentary Basins/Offshore Oil and Gas Investigations--Santa Maria Province","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b1995FG","issn":"8755-531X","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.F., Galanis, S.P., Grubb, F.V., Moses, T.H., Filippelli, G.M., and Delaney, M.L., 1994, The thermal regime of Santa Maria Province, California. Phosphorus geochemistry, diagenesis, and mass balances of the Miocene Monterey Formation at Shell Beach, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1995, p. 36, illus. incl. sketch maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1995FG.","productDescription":"p. 36, illus. incl. sketch maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1995f-g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84712,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1995f-g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634d80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galanis, S. Peter pgalanis@usgs.gov","contributorId":3289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galanis","given":"S.","email":"pgalanis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":236481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grubb, Frederick V. fgrubb@usgs.gov","contributorId":4066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubb","given":"Frederick","email":"fgrubb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":236482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moses, Thomas H. Jr.","contributorId":65861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moses","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Filippelli, Gabriel M.","contributorId":96154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filippelli","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Delaney, Margaret L.","contributorId":13101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":47898,"text":"b1995DE - 1994 - Sedimentology of the conglomeratic lower member of the Lospe Formation (lower Miocene), Santa Maria Basin, California. Provenance of sandstone clasts in the lower Miocene Lospe Formation near Point Sal, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47898,"text":"b1995DE - 1994 - Sedimentology of the conglomeratic lower member of the Lospe Formation (lower Miocene), Santa Maria Basin, California. Provenance of sandstone clasts in the lower Miocene Lospe Formation near Point Sal, California","indexId":"b1995DE","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"D,E","title":"Sedimentology of the conglomeratic lower member of the Lospe Formation (lower Miocene), Santa Maria Basin, California. Provenance of sandstone clasts in the lower Miocene Lospe Formation near Point Sal, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33200,"text":"b1995 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province","indexId":"b1995","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33200,"text":"b1995 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province","indexId":"b1995","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-13T14:52:05","indexId":"b1995DE","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1995","chapter":"D,E","title":"Sedimentology of the conglomeratic lower member of the Lospe Formation (lower Miocene), Santa Maria Basin, California. Provenance of sandstone clasts in the lower Miocene Lospe Formation near Point Sal, California","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evolution of Sedimentary Basins/Offshore Oil and Gas Investigations--Santa Maria Province","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1995DE","issn":"8755-531X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Stanley, R.G., and McLean, H., 1994, Sedimentology of the conglomeratic lower member of the Lospe Formation (lower Miocene), Santa Maria Basin, California. Provenance of sandstone clasts in the lower Miocene Lospe Formation near Point Sal, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1995, p. 28, illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1995DE.","productDescription":"p. 28, illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":100059,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1995de/report.pdf","size":"9062","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1995de/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbb5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLean, Hugh","contributorId":73977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Hugh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":17005,"text":"ofr9486 - 1994 - Computer-science guest-lecture series at Langston University sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey; abstracts, 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:00","indexId":"ofr9486","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-86","title":"Computer-science guest-lecture series at Langston University sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey; abstracts, 1992-93","docAbstract":"Langston University, a Historically Black University located at Langston, Oklahoma, has a computing and information science program within the Langston University Division of Business. Since 1984, Langston University has participated in the Historically Black College and University program of the U.S. Department of Interior, which provided education, training, and funding through a combined earth-science and computer-technology cooperative program with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).\r\nUSGS personnel have presented guest lectures at Langston University since 1984. Students have been enthusiastic about the lectures, and as a result of this program, 13 Langston University students have been hired by the USGS on a part-time basis while they continued their education at the University.\r\n\r\nThe USGS expanded the offering of guest lectures in 1992 by increasing the number of visits to Langston University, and by inviting participation of speakers from throughout the country.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of the guest-lecture series are to assist Langston University in offering state-of-the-art education in the computer sciences, to provide students with an opportunity to learn from and interact with skilled computer-science professionals, and to develop a pool of potential future employees for part-time and full-time employment.\r\n\r\nThis report includes abstracts for guest-lecture presentations during 1992-93 school year.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9486","usgsCitation":"Steele, K.S., 1994, Computer-science guest-lecture series at Langston University sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey; abstracts, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-86, vi, 8 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9486.","productDescription":"vi, 8 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46138,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699916","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, K. S. (compiler)","contributorId":20336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"K.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26578,"text":"wri944008 - 1994 - Performance characteristics of a bulk precipitation collector with respect to measurement of water isotopes oxygen-18 and deuterium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-26T15:19:37","indexId":"wri944008","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4008","title":"Performance characteristics of a bulk precipitation collector with respect to measurement of water isotopes oxygen-18 and deuterium","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944008","usgsCitation":"Claassen, H.C., and Halm, D.R., 1994, Performance characteristics of a bulk precipitation collector with respect to measurement of water isotopes oxygen-18 and deuterium: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4008, iii, 3 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944008.","productDescription":"iii, 3 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366928,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4008/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688572","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claassen, Hans C.","contributorId":25165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halm, Douglas R. drhalm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"Douglas","email":"drhalm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17002,"text":"ofr94441C - 1994 - A computer-assisted annotated bibliography and preliminary survey of Nevada paleobotany","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:00","indexId":"ofr94441C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-441","chapter":"C","title":"A computer-assisted annotated bibliography and preliminary survey of Nevada paleobotany","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94441C","usgsCitation":"Schorn, H., Bell, C., Starratt, S., and Wheeler, D., 1994, A computer-assisted annotated bibliography and preliminary survey of Nevada paleobotany: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-441, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94441C.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schorn, H.E.","contributorId":91871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorn","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, C.J.","contributorId":22370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starratt, S. W.","contributorId":89145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wheeler, D.T.","contributorId":79488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015736,"text":"1015736 - 1994 - Study documents mountain goat impacts at Olympic National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1015736","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Study documents mountain goat impacts at Olympic National Park","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Schreiner, E.G., and Woodward, A., 1994, Study documents mountain goat impacts at Olympic National Park: Park Science, v. 14, no. 2, p. 23-25.","productDescription":"p. 23-25","startPage":"23","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15221,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nature.nps.gov/ParkScience/archive/PDF/ParkScience14(2)Spring1994.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"2784.000000000000000"},{"id":133305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699cdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreiner, Edward G.","contributorId":29371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17001,"text":"ofr94441B - 1994 - A computer-assisted annotated bibliography and preliminary survey of Nevada paleobotany","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:57","indexId":"ofr94441B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-441","chapter":"B","title":"A computer-assisted annotated bibliography and preliminary survey of Nevada paleobotany","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94441B","usgsCitation":"Schorn, H., Bell, C., Starratt, S., and Wheeler, D., 1994, A computer-assisted annotated bibliography and preliminary survey of Nevada paleobotany: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-441, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94441B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6b0583","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schorn, H.E.","contributorId":91871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorn","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, C.J.","contributorId":22370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starratt, S. W.","contributorId":89145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wheeler, D.T.","contributorId":79488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017955,"text":"70017955 - 1994 - Response study of a flexible building using three earthquake records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70017955","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Response study of a flexible building using three earthquake records","docAbstract":"This paper examines the response of a flexible building during three earthquakes. The records from the building are long and contain low frequencies. The site frequency (0.33-0.38 Hz) is in proximity to the fundamental translational frequency (??? 0.45 Hz), which is closely coupled with the fundamental torsional frequency (???0.57 Hz). The inherent structural damping is low (???2-3%). Each of these factors contribute to the long-duration response of the building with several cycles of beating.","largerWorkTitle":"Structures Congress XII","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Structures Congress '94","conferenceDate":"24 April 1994 through 28 April 1994","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"087262952X","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 1994, Response study of a flexible building using three earthquake records, <i>in</i> Structures Congress XII, Atlanta, GA, USA, 24 April 1994 through 28 April 1994, p. 1220-1225.","startPage":"1220","endPage":"1225","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa82e4b0c8380cd86390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017976,"text":"70017976 - 1994 - Channelized subglacial drainage over a deformable bed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T08:08:31","indexId":"70017976","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channelized subglacial drainage over a deformable bed","docAbstract":"We develop theoretically a description of a possible subglacial drainage mechanism for glaciers and ice sheets moving over saturated, deformable till. The model is based on the plausible assumption that flow of water in a thin film at the ice-till interface is unstable to the formation of a channelized drainage system, and is restricted to the case in which meltwater cannot escape through the till to an underlying aquifer. In describing the physics of such channelized drainage, we have generalized and extended Rothlisberger's model of channels cut into basal ice to include \"canals' cut into the till, paying particular attention to the role of sediment properties and the mechanics of sediment transport. We show that sediment-floored Rothlisberger (R) channels can exist for high effective pressures, and wide, shallow, ice-roofed canals cut into the till for low effective pressures. Canals should form a distributed, non-arborescent system, unlike R channels. Geologic evidence derived from land forms and deposits left by the Pleistocene ice sheets in North America and Europe is consistent with predictions of the model. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S0022143000003750","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Walder, J.S., and Fowler, A., 1994, Channelized subglacial drainage over a deformable bed: Journal of Glaciology, v. 40, no. 134, p. 3-15, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000003750.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000003750","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"134","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f460e4b0c8380cd4bcc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fowler, A.","contributorId":84522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17000,"text":"ofr94441A - 1994 - A computer-assisted annotated bibliography and preliminary survey of Nevada paleobotany","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:57","indexId":"ofr94441A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-441","chapter":"A","title":"A computer-assisted annotated bibliography and preliminary survey of Nevada paleobotany","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94441A","usgsCitation":"Schorn, H., Bell, C., Starratt, S., and Wheeler, D., 1994, A computer-assisted annotated bibliography and preliminary survey of Nevada paleobotany: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-441, i, 180 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94441A.","productDescription":"i, 180 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0441a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46136,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0441a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0916","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schorn, H.E.","contributorId":91871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorn","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, C.J.","contributorId":22370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starratt, S. W.","contributorId":89145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wheeler, D.T.","contributorId":79488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017909,"text":"70017909 - 1994 - Stratigraphic evidence of desertification in the west-central Great Plains within the past 1000 yr","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-21T22:53:14.72888","indexId":"70017909","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic evidence of desertification in the west-central Great Plains within the past 1000 yr","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15575710\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Stratigraphic and geomorphic relations, archeological data, and eight radiocarbon ages at five widely scattered localities in northeastern Colorado indicate that eolian sand was mobilized over broad areas within the past 1000 yr. The mobilization began after 1 ka, was episodic, and ended at some as yet undetermined time prior to the latter part of the nineteenth century. Given that climate-model simulations suggest only slight variation in average surface temperature and annual precipitation in this region during the past 1000 yr, this part of the Great Plains evidently is near the threshold of widespread eolian sand transport under the present climate.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0483:SEODIT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Madole, R., 1994, Stratigraphic evidence of desertification in the west-central Great Plains within the past 1000 yr: Geology, v. 22, no. 6, p. 483-486, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0483:SEODIT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98f7e4b08c986b31c1a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madole, R.F. 0000-0002-9081-570X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-570X","contributorId":34086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madole","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017301,"text":"70017301 - 1994 - Cretaceous pollen in Pliocene rocks: Implications for Pliocene climate in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T12:23:48.742578","indexId":"70017301","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cretaceous pollen in Pliocene rocks: Implications for Pliocene climate in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15575976\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Pliocene rocks of the Imperial and Palm Spring Formations in southern California contain reworked Cretaceous pollen that helps determine the timing of erosion of Cretaceous rocks on the Colorado Plateau. The stratigraphic distribution of reworked pollen in the Imperial and Palm Spring Formations suggests that erosion of Cretaceous rocks in the southern part of the Colorado Plateau began by 4.5 Ma. Erosion of Cretaceous rocks in the northern part of the plateau began at 3.9 Ma. This erosional history indicates that rapid and extensive erosion of the Colorado Plateau occurred during the Pliocene and supports the hypothesis that much of the Grand Canyon was cut during the Pliocene, rather than earlier in the Tertiary. Rapid erosion and transport from the Colorado Plateau require the climate in that region during the Pliocene to have been significantly wetter than it is today.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0787:CPIPRI>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Fleming, R., 1994, Cretaceous pollen in Pliocene rocks: Implications for Pliocene climate in the southwestern United States: Geology, v. 22, no. 9, p. 787-790, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0787:CPIPRI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"787","endPage":"790","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcade4b0c8380cd4e395","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, R.F.","contributorId":31918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}