{"pageNumber":"4046","pageRowStart":"101125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70184279,"text":"70184279 - 1994 - Seasonal and annual survival of emperor geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:57:39","indexId":"70184279","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and annual survival of emperor geese","docAbstract":"<p><span>Population levels of emperor geese (<i>Chen canagica</i>) in Alaska in 1993 were about half that estimated in the 1960s. Survival information is necessary for managers to decide how to best enhance recovery of this species to former levels. We calculated seasonal and annual estimates of emperor goose survival from resightings of neck-collared birds. Geese were neck collared in 1988-90 on their breeding grounds in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, and resighted each spring and fall, 1988-92, at staging areas on the Alaska Peninsula. Adult monthly survival rates during overwinter periods (1 Oct-30 Apr) were not different (P = 0.281) among years (</span>Ŝ'<span>= 0.940, SE = 0.009), whereas monthly rates of oversummer (1 May-30 Sep) survival showed annual variation (P = 0.048). However, we constrained oversummer survival to a single estimate of 0.980 (0.010). Monthly survival estimates for juveniles during their first overwinter period did not vary among years (P = 0.999) and was 0.710 (0.018). Subsequent monthly survival for juveniles was 0.943 (0.010), similar to that for adults. We developed an adjustment procedure to account for philopatric behavior of geese and this enabled us to use data for postbanding (1 Aug-30 Sep) periods. Survival estimates were low compared with those for other goose species, particularly for juveniles. We addressed collar loss and heterogeneity in resighting probabilities and felt their contribution to potential model bias was insignificant. Annual survival among adults (Ŝ' = 0.631, SE = 0.023) was not different (P = 0.709) from that observed during 1982-85 (Petersen 1992). The similarity in survival rates in these studies suggests that harvest regimes did not differ between the 2 periods. This suggests that continued subsistence harvest has contributed to persistent low population levels in emperor geese.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809325","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., Cantor, S.E., and Petersen, M.R., 1994, Seasonal and annual survival of emperor geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 3, p. 525-535, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809325.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"535","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8340e4b014cc3a3a9a23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cantor, Susan E.","contributorId":187555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cantor","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":96808,"text":"96808 - 1994 - Diet and diet selection of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the northeast Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:53","indexId":"96808","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Diet and diet selection of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the northeast Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado State University","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., 1994, Diet and diet selection of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the northeast Mojave Desert, 243 p.","productDescription":"243 p.","startPage":"243","numberOfPages":"243","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":96791,"text":"96791 - 1994 - Distribution and breeding activity of the least Bell's vireo at the San Diego River, 1992-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"96791","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Distribution and breeding activity of the least Bell's vireo at the San Diego River, 1992-1993","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., 1994, Distribution and breeding activity of the least Bell's vireo at the San Diego River, 1992-1993, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"23","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649fe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008450,"text":"1008450 - 1994 - Sirenian status and conservation efforts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:36","indexId":"1008450","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":869,"text":"Aquatic Mammals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sirenian status and conservation efforts","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Mammals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Marsh, H., and Lefebvre, L., 1994, Sirenian status and conservation efforts: Aquatic Mammals, v. 20, no. 3, p. 155-170.","productDescription":"p. 155-170","startPage":"155","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marsh, H.","contributorId":43308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lefebvre, L.W.","contributorId":78268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lefebvre","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184245,"text":"70184245 - 1994 - Decoy trapping and rocket-netting for northern pintails in spring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T15:35:38","indexId":"70184245","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decoy trapping and rocket-netting for northern pintails in spring","docAbstract":"<p><span>Decoy traps and rocket-nets were compared for capturing Northern Pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>: hereafter pintails) during May 1991 on the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Males were captured at similar rates using both methods (1.38 vs. 1.07 males/trap d, respectively), but baited rocket-nets were more efficient than decoy traps for capturing females (0.52 vs. 0.12 females/trap d). There were no significant differences in masses of pintails captured by each method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Grand, J.B., and Fondell, T., 1994, Decoy trapping and rocket-netting for northern pintails in spring: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 65, no. 3, p. 402-405.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"402","endPage":"405","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats","volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ba8ebfe4b0bcef64f0b947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fondell, Thomas F. tfondell@usgs.gov","contributorId":139310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"Thomas F.","email":"tfondell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182507,"text":"70182507 - 1994 - Geographic modeling of food production from rainfed agriculture—Senegal case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T13:08:31","indexId":"70182507","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geographic modeling of food production from rainfed agriculture—Senegal case study","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental information management and analysis—ecosystem to global scales","language":"English","publisher":"CODATA","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.G., Tappan, G., Howard, S.M., Lietzow, R., Nadeau, C., Renison, W., and Olsson, J., 1994, Geographic modeling of food production from rainfed agriculture—Senegal case study, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental information management and analysis—ecosystem to global scales, p. 133-158.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"133","endPage":"158","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002d9e4b01ccd54fb2805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, D. G.","contributorId":7285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tappan, G.G. 0000-0002-2240-6963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":182382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tappan","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lietzow, R.W.","contributorId":58104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietzow","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nadeau, C.A.","contributorId":182383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nadeau","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Renison, W.","contributorId":182384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renison","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olsson, J.","contributorId":182385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70182508,"text":"70182508 - 1994 - Designing global land cover databases to maximize utility—the US prototype","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-16T16:52:51.919029","indexId":"70182508","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"19","title":"Designing global land cover databases to maximize utility—the US prototype","docAbstract":"<p><span>One of the most pressing problems in global climate and ecosystem studies is a lack of adequate land cover data. Staff from the United States Geological Survey's EROS Data Center and the University of Nebraska have developed a United States prototype for a proposed global land cover characteristics database derived from 1-km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer satellite data. A total of 159 seasonally distinct spectral I temporal land cover classes were labelled according to their constituent vegetation types rather than forcing the vegetation complexes into a predefined classification scheme. The database contains attributes that characterize each land cover class, including elevation, climate attributes and biophysical parameters derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (ND VI). The database design permits convenient translation to a variety of land cover classification schemes commonly used in global scale models. This approach allows scientists to continue using classification schemes with which they are comfortable, eliminates duplicating land cover database development, and provides a degree of uniformity in the development of parallel but distinct databases.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental information management and analysis—ecosystem to global scales","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","publisherLocation":"Bristol, PA","doi":"10.1201/9781482272505","usgsCitation":"Reed, B., Loveland, T., Steyaert, L.T., Brown, J.F., Merchant, J., and Ohlen, D., 1994, Designing global land cover databases to maximize utility—the US prototype, chap. 19 <i>of</i> Environmental information management and analysis—ecosystem to global scales, p. 299-314, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272505.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"314","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002d9e4b01ccd54fb2803","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Michener, W.K.","contributorId":59139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michener","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671324,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brunt, J.W.","contributorId":182387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunt","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671325,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, S.G.","contributorId":182386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stafford","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671326,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merchant, J.W.","contributorId":75694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merchant","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ohlen, D.O.","contributorId":72371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1008445,"text":"1008445 - 1994 - Geographic distribution: Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus (Great Bahama Bank Ground Gecko)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:36","indexId":"1008445","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic distribution: Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus (Great Bahama Bank Ground Gecko)","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Franz, R., and Dodd, C., 1994, Geographic distribution: Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus (Great Bahama Bank Ground Gecko): Herpetological Review, v. 25.","productDescription":"p. 166","startPage":"166","numberOfPages":"166","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a9291","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franz, R.","contributorId":93850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182197,"text":"70182197 - 1994 - Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-19T18:21:42","indexId":"70182197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining","docAbstract":"<p><span>Techniques for the hydrologic restoration of placer-mined streams and floodplains were developed in Denali National Park and Preserve Alaska, USA. The hydrologic study focused on a design of stream and floodplain geometry using hydraulic capacity and shear stress equations. Slope and sinuosity values were based on regional relationships. Design requirements include a channel capacity for a 1.5-year (bankfull) discharge and a floodplain capacity for a 1.5- to 100-year discharge. Concern for potential damage to the project from annual flooding before natural revegetation occurs led to development of alder (</span><i>Alnus crispa</i><span>) brush bars to dissipate floodwater energy and encourage sediment deposition. The brush bars, constructed of alder bundles tied together and anchored laterally adjacent to the channel, were installed on the floodplain in several configurations to test their effectiveness. A moderate flood near the end of the two-year construction phase of the project provided data on channel design, stability, floodplain erosion, and brush bar effectiveness. The brush bars provided substantial protection, but unconsolidated bank material and a lack of bed armour for a new channel segment led to some bank erosion, slope changes and an increase in sinuosity in several reaches of the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0925-8574(94)90041-8","usgsCitation":"Karle, K.F., and Densmore, R.V., 1994, Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining: Ecological Engineering, v. 3, no. 2, p. 121-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(94)90041-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve, Glen Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.58\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6778335571289,\n              63.58\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6778335571289,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e34e4b0ce4410e7d620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karle, Kenneth F.","contributorId":37461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karle","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Roseann V.","contributorId":24022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Roseann","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008444,"text":"1008444 - 1994 - Geographic distribution: Ameiva auberi obsoleta (Exuma Islands Ameiva)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:36","indexId":"1008444","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic distribution: Ameiva auberi obsoleta (Exuma Islands Ameiva)","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Franz, R., and Dodd, C., 1994, Geographic distribution: Ameiva auberi obsoleta (Exuma Islands Ameiva): Herpetological Review, v. 25, p. 163-164.","productDescription":"p. 163-164","startPage":"163","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a930f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franz, R.","contributorId":93850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182757,"text":"70182757 - 1994 - Using stable isotopes to determine seabird trophic relationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T10:12:15","indexId":"70182757","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using stable isotopes to determine seabird trophic relationships","docAbstract":"<p><span><strong>1.</strong> The stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup><span>N</span>) and carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) were analysed in 22 species of marine birds from coastal waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean. Analyses confirm that stable nitrogen isotopes can predict seabird trophic positions.</span></p><p><span><strong>2.</strong> Based on δ<sup>15</sup>N analyses, seabird trophic-level inferences generally agree with those of conventional dietary studies, but suggest that lower trophic-level organisms are more important to several seabirds than was recognized previously.</span></p><p><span><strong>3.</strong> Stable-carbon isotope analysis may be a good indicator of inshore vs. offshore feeding preference.</span></p><p><span><strong>4.</strong> In general, stable-isotope analysis to determine trophic level offers many advantages over conventional dietary approaches since trophic inferences are based on time-integrated estimates of assimilated and not just ingested foods, and isotopic abundance represents a continuous variable that is amenable to statistical analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The British Ecological Society","doi":"10.2307/5256","usgsCitation":"Hobson, K., Piatt, J.F., and Pitocchelli, J., 1994, Using stable isotopes to determine seabird trophic relationships: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 63, no. 4, p. 786-798, https://doi.org/10.2307/5256.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"786","endPage":"798","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -164.443359375,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.46484375,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.46484375,\n              61.270232790000634\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.443359375,\n              61.270232790000634\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.443359375,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a44e4b01ccd54ff3fdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobson, Keith A.","contributorId":47306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobson","given":"Keith A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitocchelli, Jay","contributorId":28419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitocchelli","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008447,"text":"1008447 - 1994 - Geographic distribution: Leiocephalus carinatus virescens (Exuma Islands Curlytail Lizard)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:36","indexId":"1008447","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic distribution: Leiocephalus carinatus virescens (Exuma Islands Curlytail Lizard)","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Franz, R., and Dodd, C., 1994, Geographic distribution: Leiocephalus carinatus virescens (Exuma Islands Curlytail Lizard): Herpetological Review, v. 25.","productDescription":"p. 165","startPage":"165","numberOfPages":"165","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a93f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franz, R.","contributorId":93850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3606,"text":"cir1116 - 1994 - Earthquake research at Parkfield, California, 1993 and beyond; report of the NEPEC working group to evaluate the Parkfield earthquake prediction experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir1116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1116","title":"Earthquake research at Parkfield, California, 1993 and beyond; report of the NEPEC working group to evaluate the Parkfield earthquake prediction experiment","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/cir1116","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994, Earthquake research at Parkfield, California, 1993 and beyond; report of the NEPEC working group to evaluate the Parkfield earthquake prediction experiment: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1116, vi, 14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1116.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1116/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30641,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003919,"text":"1003919 - 1994 - Horvitz-Thompson survey sample methods for estimating large-scale animal abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:58","indexId":"1003919","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Horvitz-Thompson survey sample methods for estimating large-scale animal abundance","docAbstract":"Large-scale surveys to estimate animal abundance can be useful for monitoring population status and trends, for measuring responses to management or environmental alterations, and for testing ecological hypotheses about abundance. However, large-scale surveys may be expensive and logistically complex. To ensure resources are not wasted on unattainable targets, the goals and uses of each survey should be specified carefully and alternative methods for addressing these objectives always should be considered. During survey design, the impoflance of each survey error component (spatial design, propofiion of detected animals, precision in detection) should be considered carefully to produce a complete statistically based survey.\r\nFailure to address these three survey components may produce population estimates that are inaccurate (biased low), have unrealistic precision (too precise) and do not satisfactorily meet the survey objectives. Optimum survey design requires trade-offs in these sources of error relative to the costs of sampling plots and detecting animals on plots, considerations that are specific to the spatial logistics and survey methods. The Horvitz-Thompson estimators provide a comprehensive framework for considering all three survey components during the design and analysis of large-scale wildlife surveys. \r\nProblems of spatial and temporal (especially survey to survey) heterogeneity in detection probabilities have received little consideration, but failure to account for heterogeneity produces biased population estimates. The goal of producing unbiased\r\npopulation estimates is in conflict with the increased variation from heterogeneous detection in the population estimate. One solution to this conflict is to use an MSE-based approach to achieve a balance between bias reduction and increased variation. Further research is needed to develop methods that address spatial heterogeneity in detection, evaluate the effects of temporal heterogeneity on survey objectives and optimize decisions related to survey bias and variance.\r\nFinally, managers and researchers involved in the survey design process must realize that obtaining the best survey results requires an interactive and recursive process of survey design, execution, analysis and redesign. Survey refinements will be possible as further knowledge is gained on the actual abundance and distribution of the population and on the most efficient techniques for detection animals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M., and Garton, E., 1994, Horvitz-Thompson survey sample methods for estimating large-scale animal abundance: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 59, p. 170-179.","productDescription":"p. 170-179","startPage":"170","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garton, E.O.","contributorId":17945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garton","given":"E.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182210,"text":"70182210 - 1994 - Hybrid zone studies: An interdisciplinary approach for the analysis of evolutionary processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:55:06","indexId":"70182210","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybrid zone studies: An interdisciplinary approach for the analysis of evolutionary processes","docAbstract":"<p>There has been considerable debate in the ecological and evolutionary literature over the relative importance and rate by which microevolutionary processes operating at the population level result in separation and differentiation of lineages and populations, and ultimately in speciation. Our understanding of evolutionary processes have need greatly enhances through the study of hybridization and hybrid zones. Indeed, hybrid zones have been described as “natural laboratories” (Barton, N. H., and G .M. Hewitt, 189. Adaptation, speciation, and hybrid zones. Nature 341:497-503) or as “windows on the evolutionary processes” (Harrison, R. G. 1990. Hybrid zones: windows on the evolutionary process. Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology 7:69-128). Hybrid zones greatly facilitate analyses of evolutionary dynamics because differences in factors such as mating preference, fertility, and viability are likely to be magnified, making the consequences easier to document over short periods of time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1939445","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., 1994, Hybrid zone studies: An interdisciplinary approach for the analysis of evolutionary processes: Ecology, v. 79, no. 4, p. 1190-1191, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939445.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1190","endPage":"1191","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"4","publicComments":"This article is a review of <i>Hybrid Zones and the Evolutionary Process</i> by G. Harrison Richard","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5ff0e4b01ccd54f8b585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4502,"text":"cir1113 - 1994 - 1994 annual report on Alaska's mineral resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:48","indexId":"cir1113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1113","title":"1994 annual report on Alaska's mineral resources","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir1113","usgsCitation":"Schneider, J.L., 1994, 1994 annual report on Alaska's mineral resources: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1113, xi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1113.","productDescription":"xi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1113/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31562,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4917e4b0b290850eee06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Jill L. jschnidr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Jill","email":"jschnidr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":149346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70134522,"text":"70134522 - 1994 - Fluid expulsion sites on the Cascadia accretionary prism: mapping diagenetic deposits with processed GLORIA imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T10:12:41","indexId":"70134522","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid expulsion sites on the Cascadia accretionary prism: mapping diagenetic deposits with processed GLORIA imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>Point-discharge fluid expulsion on accretionary prisms is commonly indicated by diagenetic deposition of calcium carbonate cements and gas hydrates in near-surface (&lt;10 m below seafloor; mbsf) hemipelagic sediment. The contrasting clastic and diagenetic lithologies should be apparent in side scan images. However, sonar also responds to variations in bottom slope, so unprocessed images mix topographic and lithologic information. We have processed GLORIA imagery from the Oregon continental margin to remove topographic effects. A synthetic side scan image was created initially from Sea Beam bathymetric data and then was subtracted iteratively from the original GLORIA data until topographic features disappeared. The residual image contains high-amplitude backscattering that we attribute to diagenetic deposits associated with fluid discharge, based on submersible mapping, Ocean Drilling Program drilling, and collected samples. Diagenetic deposits are concentrated (1) near an out-of-sequence thrust fault on the second ridge landward of the base of the continental slope, (2) along zones characterized by deep-seated strikeslip faults that cut transversely across the margin, and (3) in undeformed Cascadia Basin deposits which overlie incipient thrust faults seaward of the toe of the prism. There is no evidence of diagenetic deposition associated with the frontal thrust that rises from the dècollement. If the dècollement is an important aquifer, apparently the fluids are passed either to the strike-slip faults which intersect the dècollement or to the incipient faults in Cascadia Basin for expulsion. Diagenetic deposits seaward of the prism toe probably consist dominantly of gas hydrates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94JB00120","usgsCitation":"Carson, B., Seke, E., Paskevich, V.F., and Holmes, M.L., 1994, Fluid expulsion sites on the Cascadia accretionary prism: mapping diagenetic deposits with processed GLORIA imagery: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 99, no. 6, p. 11959-11969, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB00120.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11959","endPage":"11969","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.95849609374997,\n              44.26093725039925\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.14550781249997,\n              44.26093725039925\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.14550781249997,\n              45.22848059584362\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.95849609374997,\n              45.22848059584362\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.95849609374997,\n              44.26093725039925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ee2c2e4b09357f05f8a4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carson, Bobb","contributorId":38285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carson","given":"Bobb","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seke, Erol","contributorId":127649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seke","given":"Erol","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paskevich, Valerie F.","contributorId":81907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskevich","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmes, Mark L.","contributorId":77945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70134540,"text":"70134540 - 1994 - Lake Michigan's late Quaternary limnological and climate history from ostracode, oxygen isotope, and magnetic susceptibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T13:03:43","indexId":"70134540","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Michigan's late Quaternary limnological and climate history from ostracode, oxygen isotope, and magnetic susceptibility","docAbstract":"<p>The limnology of Lake Michigan has changed dramatically since the late Pleistocene in response to the expansion and contraction of continental glaciers, to differential isostatic rebound, and to climate change. The lake sediment's stratigraphic trends, magnetic susceptibility, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O, and ostracode species abundance ratios provide criteria to identify the lake's response to glacial ice and to differential isostatic rebound. The latter phenomena dominate the lake's late Pleistocene and early Holocene history. The lake's hydrological budget provides the primary linkage between the lake and climate, particularly effective moisture. Dissolved salts were stored in the lake's water column when the lake's output shifted toward evaporation, but were flushed when output shifted toward outflow. The lake's salt storage history may be interpreted from some ostracode, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O, and magnetic susceptibility records found in sediment cores. Climate change influenced the entire lake's limnological history, but became the primary limnological driver from about the middle-Holocene to the present. The complex limnological history of Lake Michigan resulted in substantial changes in the ostracode species assemblages; from about 12,000 ka to about 5,500 ka, five ostracode intervals can be identified. These ostracode intervals provide a within-lake biostratigraphy and a stratigraphic reference for reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental dynamics of the lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(94)71134-5","usgsCitation":"Forester, R.M., Colman, S.M., Reynolds, R.L., and Keigwin, L.D., 1994, Lake Michigan's late Quaternary limnological and climate history from ostracode, oxygen isotope, and magnetic susceptibility: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 20, no. 1, p. 93-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(94)71134-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"107","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.033447265625,\n              44.855868807357226\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.09936523437499,\n              44.61393394730626\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06640625,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.73681640624999,\n              44.629573191951046\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.396240234375,\n              44.91035917458495\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.00073242187499,\n              45.32125436117145\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5830078125,\n              44.41024041296011\n     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,{"id":70134534,"text":"70134534 - 1994 - Lake-level history of Lake Michigan for the past 12,000 years: the record from deep lacustrine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:49:21","indexId":"70134534","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake-level history of Lake Michigan for the past 12,000 years: the record from deep lacustrine sediments","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">Collection and analysis of an extensive set of seismic-reflection profiles and cores from southern Lake Michigan have provided new data that document the history of the lake basin for the past 12,000 years. Analyses of the seismic data, together with radiocarbon dating, magnetic, sedimentologic, isotopic, and paleontologic studies of core samples, have allowed us to reconstruct lake-level changes during this recent part of the lake's history.</p><p id=\"\">The post-glacial history of lake-level changes in the Lake Michigan basin begins about 11.2 ka with the fall from the high Calumet level, caused by the retreat of the Two Rivers glacier, which had blocked the northern outlet of the lake. This lake-level fall was temporarily reversed by a major influx of water from glacial Lake Agassiz (about 10.6 ka), during which deposition of the distinctive gray Wilmette Bed of the Lake Michigan Formation interrupted deposition of red glaciolacustrine sediment. Lake level then continued to fall, culminating in the opening of the North Bay outlet at about 10.3 ka. During the resulting Chippewa low phase, lake level was about 80 m lower than it is today in the southern basin of Lake Michigan.</p><p id=\"\">The rise of the early Holocene lake level, controlled primarily by isostatic rebound of the North Bay outlet, resulted in a prominent, planar, transgressive unconformity that eroded most of the shoreline features below present lake level. Superimposed on this overall rise in lake level, a second influx of water from Lake Agassiz temporarily raised lake levels an unknown amount about 9.1 ka. At about 7 ka, lake level may have fallen below the level of the outlet because of sharply drier climate. Sometime between 6 and 5 ka, the character of the lake changed dramatically, probably due mostly to climatic causes, becoming highly undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate and returning primary control of lake level to the isostatically rising North Bay outlet. Post-Nipissing (about 5 ka) lake level has fallen about 6 m due to erosion of the Port Huron outlet, a trend around which occurred relatively small (± ∼2 m), short-term fluctuations controlled mainly by climatic changes. These cyclic fluctuations are reflected in the sed-imentological and sediment-magnetic properties of the sediments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(94)71133-3","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Forester, R.M., Reynolds, R.L., Sweetkind, D., King, J.W., Gangemi, P., Jones, G.A., Keigwin, L.D., and Foster, D.S., 1994, Lake-level history of Lake Michigan for the past 12,000 years: the record from deep lacustrine sediments: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 20, no. 1, p. 73-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(94)71133-3.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1762","text":"External 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0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, John W.","contributorId":99601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode 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Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Foster, David S. 0000-0003-1205-0884 dfoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0884","contributorId":1320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"David","email":"dfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70134541,"text":"70134541 - 1994 - Seismic images of a tectonic subdivision of the Greenville Orogen beneath lakes Ontario and Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T13:00:45","indexId":"70134541","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic images of a tectonic subdivision of the Greenville Orogen beneath lakes Ontario and Erie","docAbstract":"<p>New seismic data from marine air-gun and Vibroseis profiles in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie provide images of subhorizontal Phanerozoic sediments underlain by a remarkable series of easterly dipping reflections that extends from the crystalline basement to the lower crust. These reflections are interpreted as structural features of crustal-scale subdivisions within the Grenville Orogen. Broadly deformed, imbricated, and overlapping thrust sheets within the western Central Metasedimentary Belt are succeeded to the west by a complex zone of easterly dipping, apparent thrust faults that are interpreted as a southwest subsurface extension of the boundary zone between the Central Metasedimentary Belt and the Central Gneiss Belt. The interpreted Central Metasedimentary Belt boundary zone has a characteristic magnetic anomaly that provides a link from the adjacent ends of lakes Ontario and Erie to structures exposed 150&ensp;km to the north. Less reflective, west-dipping events are interpreted as structures within the eastern Central Gneiss Belt. The seismic interpretation augments current tectonic models that suggest the exposed ductile structures formed at depth as a result of crustal shortening along northwest-verging thrust faults. Relatively shallow reflections across the boundary region suggest local, Late Proterozoic extensional troughs containing post-Grenville sediments, preserved possibly as a result of pre-Paleozoic reactivation of basement structures.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/e94-023","usgsCitation":"Forsyth, D.A., Milkereit, B., Davidson, A., Hanmer, S., Hutchinson, D.R., Hinze, W.J., and Mereu, R., 1994, Seismic images of a tectonic subdivision of the Greenville Orogen beneath lakes Ontario and Erie: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 31, no. 2, p. 229-242, https://doi.org/10.1139/e94-023.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"242","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.64990234375,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.92578124999999,\n              44.071800467511565\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.849609375,\n              44.512176171071054\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.00341796875,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              41.178653972331695\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.64990234375,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5480342ae4b0ac64d148dcf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forsyth, D. 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