{"pageNumber":"4047","pageRowStart":"101150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":20054,"text":"ofr94212 - 1994 - A compilation of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emission-rate data from Mount St. Helens during 1980-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T13:27:30","indexId":"ofr94212","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-212","title":"A compilation of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emission-rate data from Mount St. Helens during 1980-88","docAbstract":"<p><span>Airborne monitoring of Mount St. Helens by the USGS began inMay 1980 for sulfur dioxide emissions and in July 1980 forcarbon dioxide emissions. A correlation spectrometer, orCOSPEC, was used to measure sulfur dioxide in Mount St.Helens' plume. The upward-looking COSPEC was mounted in afixed-wing aircraft and flown below and at right angles to theplume. Typically, three to six traverses were made underneaththe plume to determine the SO2 burden (concentration xpathlength) within a cross-section of the plume. Knowing theburden along with the plume width and plume velocity (assumedto be the same as ambient wind speed), we could then calculatethe emission rate of SO2. The use of correlation spectroscopyfor determining the sulfur dioxide output of volcanoes is wellestablished and the technique has been discussed in detail bya number of investigators (Malinconico, 1979; Casadevall andothers, 1981; Stoiber and others, 1983).Carbon dioxide in the Mount St. Helens plume was measured byan infrared spectrometer tuned to the 4.26 um CO2 absorptionband. An external sample tube was attached to the fuselage ofa twin-engine aircraft to deliver outside air to the gas cellof the spectrometer. The aircraft was then flown at severaldifferent elevations through the plume at right angles toplume trajectory to define plume area and carbon dioxideconcentration in a vertical cross-section of the plume. Thesetwo parameters along with the density of CO2 for the altitudeof the plume and the plume velocity (assumed as above to beequal to ambient wind speed) were then used to calculate theCO2 emission rate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94212","usgsCitation":"McGee, K.A., and Casadevall, T.J., 1994, A compilation of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emission-rate data from Mount St. Helens during 1980-88 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-212, 23 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94212.","productDescription":"23 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":49611,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0212/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1143,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of94-212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0212/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0db0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, Kenneth A. kenmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, Thomas J. 0000-0002-9447-6864 tcasadevall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6864","contributorId":2734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"Thomas","email":"tcasadevall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018048,"text":"70018048 - 1994 - Effects of acid rain and sulfur dioxide on marble dissolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70018048","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2696,"text":"Materials Performance","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of acid rain and sulfur dioxide on marble dissolution","docAbstract":"Acid precipitation and the dry deposition of sulfur dioxide (SO2) accelerate damage to carbonate-stone monuments and building materials. This study identified and quantified environmental damage to a sample of Vermont marble during storms and their preceding dry periods. Results from field experiments indicated the deposition of SO2 gas to the stone surface during dry periods and a twofold increase in marble dissolution during coincident episodes of low rain rate and decreased rainfall pH. The study is widely applicable to the analysis of carbonate-stone damage at locations affected by acid rain and air pollution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Materials Performance","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00941492","usgsCitation":"Schuster, P.F., Reddy, M.M., and Sherwood, S.I., 1994, Effects of acid rain and sulfur dioxide on marble dissolution: Materials Performance, v. 33, no. 1, p. 76-80.","startPage":"76","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0678e4b0c8380cd5126c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, Michael M. mmreddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Michael","email":"mmreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, Susan I.","contributorId":60264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":20304,"text":"ofr9444 - 1994 - Summary of national standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, bed sediment, and aquatic organisms and their application to water-quality assessments","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20304,"text":"ofr9444 - 1994 - Summary of national standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, bed sediment, and aquatic organisms and their application to water-quality assessments","indexId":"ofr9444","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Summary of national standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, bed sediment, and aquatic organisms and their application to water-quality assessments"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047826,"text":"70047826 - 1994 - National standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, sediment, and aquatic organisms","indexId":"70047826","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"National standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, sediment, and aquatic organisms"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047826,"text":"70047826 - 1994 - National standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, sediment, and aquatic organisms","indexId":"70047826","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"National standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, sediment, and aquatic organisms"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-28T15:38:34","indexId":"ofr9444","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-44","title":"Summary of national standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, bed sediment, and aquatic organisms and their application to water-quality assessments","docAbstract":"Current (1993) national standards and guidelines pertaining to pesticide contaminants in water, bed sediment, and fish and shellfish tissues are summarized to provide a condensed reference source for definitions and current values applicable to pesticides in aquatic environmental media. This report facilitates comparison of measured concen- trations of pesticides in environmental samples with applicable standards and guidelines. For each standard or guideline, the following is provided: (1) Definition, including the underlying assumptions and mathematical derivation; (2) originating agency; (3) statutory authority; (4) regulatory status and, for standards, the agency responsible for enforcing the standard; (5) applicable sampling medium; (6) beneficial use and resource protected, and (7) full citations of published documentation. The report emphasizes the appropriate application on national standards and guidelines to water-quality data on pesticides to aid in assessing potential adverse effects on human health, aquatic organisms, and wildlife. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9444","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Nowell, L.H., and Resek, E.A., 1994, Summary of national standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, bed sediment, and aquatic organisms and their application to water-quality assessments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-44, vi, 115 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9444.","productDescription":"vi, 115 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365232,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0044/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Resek, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":34948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resek","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29289,"text":"wri944021 - 1994 - Data requirements for simulation of hydrogeologic effects of liquid waste injection, Harrison and Jackson Counties, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-26T10:12:41","indexId":"wri944021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4021","title":"Data requirements for simulation of hydrogeologic effects of liquid waste injection, Harrison and Jackson Counties, Mississippi","docAbstract":"Available literature and data were reviewed to quantify data requirements for computer simulation of hydrogeologic effects of liquid waste injection in southeastern Mississippi. Emphasis of each review was placed on quantifying physical properties of current Class I injection zones in Harrison and Jackson Counties. Class I injection zones are zones that are used for injection of hazardous or non-hazardous liquid waste below a formation containing the lowermost underground source of drinking water located within one-quarter of a mile of the injection well.  Several mathematical models have been developed to simulate injection effects. The Basic Plume Method was selected because it is commonly used in permit applications, and the Intercomp model was selected because it is generally accepted and used in injection-related research. The input data requirements of the two models were combined into a single data requirement list inclusive of physical properties of injection zones only; injected waste and well properties are not included because such information is site-specific by industry, which is beyond the scope of this report.  Results of the reviews of available literature and data indicated that Class I permit applications and standard-reference chemistry and physics texts were the primary sources of information to quantify physical properties of injection zones in Harrison and Jackson Counties. With the exception of a few reports and supplementary data for one injection zone in Jackson County, very little additional information pertaining to physical properties of the injection zones was available in sources other than permit applications and standard-reference texts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944021","usgsCitation":"Rebich, R.A., 1994, Data requirements for simulation of hydrogeologic effects of liquid waste injection, Harrison and Jackson Counties, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4021, iv, 19 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944021.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366895,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4021/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Harrison County, Jackson County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.2913818359375,\n              30.298203605616226\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41522216796875,\n              30.298203605616226\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41522216796875,\n              30.820884358222617\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.2913818359375,\n              30.820884358222617\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.2913818359375,\n              30.298203605616226\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679c72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rebich, Richard A. 0000-0003-4256-7171 rarebich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-7171","contributorId":2315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"Richard","email":"rarebich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":41020,"text":"ofr9432 - 1994 - Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer system, west-central Florida, May 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:04","indexId":"ofr9432","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-32","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer system, west-central Florida, May 1993","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers separated by a middle confining unit. The potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer was mapped by determining the altitude of water levels in a network of wells and represented on a map by contours that connect points of equal altitude. This map represents water-level conditions near the end of the spring dry season when groundwater withdrawals for agricultural use were high. The cumulative rainfall for the study area was 4.84 inches above normal for the period from June 1992 to May 1993. Hydrographs of selected wells generally indicated that water levels in wells north of the Hillsborough/Pasco County line (northern area), where the aquifer generally is unconfined and groundwater withdrawals are relatively small, remained fairly uniform from year to year and season to season, whereas water levels south of the county line (southern area), where the aquifer is confined and withdrawals are relatively large, showed large year-to-year and seasonal fluctuations. Maximum daily water levels for selected wells from May 1992 through May 1993 showed that water levels were relatively stable during May 1993 in the northern part of the study area, but were declining rapidly in the southern part. Water levels in most wells measured in May 1993 were lower than those measured in September 1992. The greatest decline in water levels occurred in southern Hillsborough, central Manatee, and northern Sarasota Counties as a result of heavy seasonal groundwater withdrawals for irrigation. Water levels measured in May 1993 were generally higher than those reported for May 1992. The general increase in water levels during this period was largely the result of above-normal rainfall that resulted in below-average seasonal groundwater withdrawals from the aquifer.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9432","usgsCitation":"Mularoni, R.A., 1994, Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer system, west-central Florida, May 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-32, 1 map :photocopy ;72 x 60 cm., on sheet 92 x 64 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9432.","productDescription":"1 map :photocopy ;72 x 60 cm., on sheet 92 x 64 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21525,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0032/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b3c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mularoni, R. A.","contributorId":76713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mularoni","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":63098,"text":"gq1743 - 1994 - Geologic map of the Stanford Canyon quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:40","indexId":"gq1743","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1743","title":"Geologic map of the Stanford Canyon quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1743","usgsCitation":"Du Bray, E., and Pallister, J.S., 1994, Geologic map of the Stanford Canyon quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1743, 1 map :col. ;58 x 49 cm. on sheet 84 x 112 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1743.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;58 x 49 cm. on sheet 84 x 112 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":102783,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1233.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1233"},{"id":249224,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1743/report.pdf","size":"71","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1743/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.5,31.75 ], [ -109.5,31.8675 ], [ -109.36749999999999,31.8675 ], [ -109.36749999999999,31.75 ], [ -109.5,31.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a341","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Bray, E. A.","contributorId":22333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du Bray","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":268327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017675,"text":"70017675 - 1994 - Accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation of fatty acid methyl ester profiles of model bacterial communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T15:24:59.656373","indexId":"70017675","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation of fatty acid methyl ester profiles of model bacterial communities","docAbstract":"We determined the accuracy and reproducibility of whole-community fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis with two model bacterial communities differing in composition by using the Microbial ID, Inc. (MIDI), system. The biomass, taxonomic structure, and expected MIDI-FAME profiles under a variety of environmental conditions were known for these model communities a priori. Not all members of each community could be detected in the composite profile because of lack of fatty acid 'signatures' in some isolates or because of variations (approximately fivefold) in fatty acid yield across taxa. MIDI- FAME profiles of replicate subsamples of a given community were similar in terms of fatty acid yield per unit of community dry weight and relative proportions of specific fatty acids. Principal-components analysis (PCA) of MIDI-FAME profiles resulted in a clear separation of the two different communities and a clustering of replicates of each community from two separate experiments on the first PCA axis. The first PCA axis accounted for 57.1% of the variance in the data and was correlated with fatty acids that varied significantly between communities and reflected the underlying community taxonomic structure. On the basis of our data, community fatty acid profiles can be used to assess the relative similarities and differences of microbial communities that differ in taxonomic composition. However, detailed interpretation of community fatty acid profiles in terms of biomass or community taxonomic composition must be viewed with caution until our knowledge of the quantitative and qualitative distribution of fatty acids over a wide variety of taxa and the effects of growth conditions on fatty acid profiles is more extensive.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.60.7.2483-2493.1994","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Kidd, H.S., Garchow, H., Odelson, D., Forney, L., and Klug, M., 1994, Accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation of fatty acid methyl ester profiles of model bacterial communities: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 60, no. 7, p. 2483-2493, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.60.7.2483-2493.1994.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2483","endPage":"2493","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479357,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.60.7.2483-2493.1994","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228620,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e68ce4b0c8380cd474b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidd, Haack S.","contributorId":103022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidd","given":"Haack","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garchow, H.","contributorId":102647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garchow","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odelson, D.A.","contributorId":11353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odelson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forney, L.J.","contributorId":49118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klug, M.J.","contributorId":33070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klug","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":20417,"text":"ofr94155 - 1994 - Organic petrographic and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analyses of Proterozoic belt supergroup rocks, west central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:39","indexId":"ofr94155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-155","title":"Organic petrographic and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analyses of Proterozoic belt supergroup rocks, west central Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94155","usgsCitation":"Pawlewicz, M., 1994, Organic petrographic and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analyses of Proterozoic belt supergroup rocks, west central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-155, 11 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94155.","productDescription":"11 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0155/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49959,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68ad9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pawlewicz, M. J.","contributorId":75111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":61143,"text":"mf2263C - 1994 - Principal reference section for part of the Eocene Ghazij Formation, Gishtari Nala area, Mach coal field, Balochistan, Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T12:50:43","indexId":"mf2263C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2263","chapter":"C","title":"Principal reference section for part of the Eocene Ghazij Formation, Gishtari Nala area, Mach coal field, Balochistan, Pakistan","docAbstract":"<p>The information presented on this sheet was collected as part of a joint U.S. Geological Survey-Geological Survey of Pakistan program sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development. As a project within this program, the coal-bearing Ghazij Formation (Eocene) was investigated in the northeastern part of Balochistan east and south of the provincial capital of Quetta. Strata exposed in this area range in age from Permian to Holocene and crop out as a belt of folded and thrusted rocks that form a southeast-facing orocline. In this region of Pakistan, the Ghazij can usually be divided into three parts. The lower part is the thickest (probably more than 1,000 m) and consists of gray-weathering calcareous mudrock (shale, mudstone, and impure claystone) and a few tabular bodies of fine-to medium-grained calcareous sandstone. The middle part (27-300 m) consists of gray-weathering calcareous mudrock and tabular to lenticular bodies of fine- to medium-grained calcareous sandstone; beds of carbonaceous shale and coal are common (in the Mach area, the middle part of the formation also contains numerous individual beds of muddy limestone). The upper part (as thick as 533 m) contains reddish-weathering calcareous mudrock that contains scattered lenticular bodies of fine-to medium-grained calcareous sandstone. Fossil plant debris is common in mudrock of the lower and middle parts of the Ghazij and bivalves and gastropods are common in the middle part of the formation; the upper part of the Ghazij is usually unfossiliferous. Underlying the Ghazij are the carbonate rocks of the Paleocene Dungan Formation (or its equivalent), and overlying the Ghazij are the mostly carbonate rocks of the Eocene Kirthar Formation (or its equivalent). Both contacts can be conformable or unconformable. All of the pre-Neogene rocks in Balochistan are greatly deformed by the collision of India and Asia. The Ghazij is especially susceptible to regional compressional tectonics because it contains large amounts of shale and is sandwiched between two thick carbonate units. As a result, bedding-plane faults and isoclinal folds are very common. As part of our study of the Ghazij Formation, five stratigraphic sections were measured: one near Pir Ismail Ziarat, one in the Sor Range, two in the vicinity of Mach, and one near Johan. Each area's section is published separately.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2263C","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Johnson, E.A., Khan, I.H., and Kazim, M.A., 1994, Principal reference section for part of the Eocene Ghazij Formation, Gishtari Nala area, Mach coal field, Balochistan, Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2263, Report Cover: 1 p.; 1 Map: 51.47 x 29.27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2263C.","productDescription":"Report Cover: 1 p.; 1 Map: 51.47 x 29.27 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":114782,"rank":300,"type":{"id":8,"text":"Cover"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1994/2263c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":114783,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1994/2263c/plate-1.pdf","text":"Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1994/2263c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","country":"Pakistan","state":"Balochistan","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":265058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Edward A. ejohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":50836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Edward","email":"ejohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":265060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Khan, Intizar H.","contributorId":69536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khan","given":"Intizar","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16954,"text":"Geological Survey of Pakistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":265059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kazim, Mohsin A.","contributorId":21635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kazim","given":"Mohsin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16954,"text":"Geological Survey of Pakistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":265057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70184357,"text":"70184357 - 1994 - Environmental variability facilitates coexistence within an alcid community at sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T14:45:57.872768","indexId":"70184357","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental variability facilitates coexistence within an alcid community at sea","docAbstract":"<p>We examined coexistence at sea among 7 taxa of diving, wing-propelled seabirds (Alcidae) in the genera <i>Aethia</i>, <i>Uria</i>, <i>Cepphus</i>, and <i>Fratercula</i>. Species abundances were measured simultaneously with a suite of environmental factors in the northern Bering Sea, Alaska, USA; data from 260 adjacent and non-adjacent sites occupied by alcids foraging offshore near breeding colonies were then subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). We used PCA to group redundant environmental descriptors, to identify orthogonal axes for constructing a multi-dimensional niche, and to differentiate species associations within niche dimensions from species associations among niche dimensions. Decomposition of the correlation matrix for 22 environmental and 7 taxonomic variables with PCA gave 14 components (10 environmental and 4 species interactions) that retained 90% of the original available variance. Alcid abundances (all species) were most strongly correlated with axes representing tidal stage, a time-area interaction (due to sampling layout), water masses, and a temporal or intra-seasonal trend partially associated with weather changes. Axes representing tidal stage, 2 gradients in macro-habitat (Anadyr and Bering Shelf Water masses), the micro-habitat of the sea surface, and an air-sea interaction were most important for detecting differences among species within niche dimensions. Contrary to assumptions of competition, none of 4 compound variables describing primarily species-interactions gave strong evidence for negative associations between alcid taxa sharing similar body sizes and feeding requirements. This exploratory analysis supports the view that alcids may segregate along environmental gradients at sea. But in this community, segregation was unrelated to foraging distance from colonies, in part because foraging 'substrate' was highly variable in structure, location, and area1 extent. We contend that coexistence within this seabird group is facilitated via expanded niche dimensions created from a complex marine environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps103221","usgsCitation":"Haney, J.C., and Schauer, A.E., 1994, Environmental variability facilitates coexistence within an alcid community at sea: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 103, p. 221-237, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps103221.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"237","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.3354/meps103221","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, St. Lawrence Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -177.36328125,\n              62.02152819100765\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.609375,\n              62.02152819100765\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.609375,\n              66.93006025862448\n            ],\n            [\n              -177.36328125,\n              66.93006025862448\n            ],\n            [\n              -177.36328125,\n              62.02152819100765\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd519e4b014cc3a3ba643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, J. Christopher","contributorId":48043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schauer, Amy E.S.","contributorId":187647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schauer","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29345,"text":"wri934191 - 1994 - Ground-water discharge from the Coastal Plain of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri934191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4191","title":"Ground-water discharge from the Coastal Plain of Virginia","docAbstract":"The Chesapeake Bay and other important surface- water bodies receive ground water that discharges directly from the Coastal Plain of Virginia. This report presents estimates of the average annual ground-water discharge from the Coastal Plain of Virginia using two approaches. Average annual ground-water discharge from 16 gaged watersheds in the Coastal Plain of Virginia estimated by use of a streamflow hydrograph-separation approach ranged from 7.5 to 12.5 inches per year; the median was 10.8 inches per year. These estimates are similar to those reported by other investigators for the Coastal Plain in the nearby Delmarva Peninsula. Average annual ground-water discharge also was estimated by use of a hydrogeologic-area approach. In this approach, areas that have similar hydrogeologic charac- teristics are grouped and multiple regression is used to determine the relation between the hydro- geologic areas and ground-water discharge. The multiple-regression analysis indicates that ground-water discharge within the Coastal Plain of Virginia is a function of the relative areal extent of well-drained uplands and moderately well-drained uplands. On the basis of the hydro- geologic-area approach, ground-water discharge from the Coastal Plain of Virginia averages 9.9 inches per year.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934191","usgsCitation":"Richardson, D., 1994, Ground-water discharge from the Coastal Plain of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4191, iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934191.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4191/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58191,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4191/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58192,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4191/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, D.L.","contributorId":22807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20112,"text":"ofr94249 - 1994 - Thermoluminescence dating procedures in use at the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:37","indexId":"ofr94249","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-249","title":"Thermoluminescence dating procedures in use at the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94249","usgsCitation":"Millard, H.T., and Maat, P., 1994, Thermoluminescence dating procedures in use at the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-249, iv, 112 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94249.","productDescription":"iv, 112 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0249/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49656,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0249/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62d4e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Millard, Hugh T. Jr.","contributorId":67502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millard","given":"Hugh","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maat, P.B.","contributorId":57479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maat","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20028,"text":"ofr94322 - 1994 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Barrow, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr94322","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-322","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Barrow, Alaska","docAbstract":"To assist the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in evaluating the potential effects of environmental contamination at their facility in Barrow, Alaska, a general assessment was made of the hydrologic system is the vicinity of the installation. The City of Barrow is located approximately 16 kilometers southwest of Point Barrow, the northernmost point in Alaska, and therefore lies within the region of continuous permafrost. Migration of surface or shallow- subsurface chemical releases in this environ- ment would be largely restricted by near-surface permafrost to surface water and the upper, suprapermafrost zone of the subsurface. In the arctic climate and tundra terrain of the Barrow area, this shallow environment has a limited capacity to attenuate the effects of either physical disturbances or chemical contamination and is therefore highly susceptible to degradation. Esatkuat Lagoon, the present drink- ing water supply for the City of Barrow, is located approximately 2 kilometers from the FAA facility. This lagoon is the only practical source of drinking water available to the City of Barrow because alternative sources of water in the area are (1) frozen throughout most of the year, (2) insufficient in volume, (3) of poor quality, or (4) too costly to develop and distribute.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94322","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.A., 1994, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Barrow, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-322, iv, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94322.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0322/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49558,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0322/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a2da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25691,"text":"wri934194 - 1994 - Organic compounds downstream from a treated-wastewater discharge near Dallas, Texas, March 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T15:43:34.728934","indexId":"wri934194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4194","title":"Organic compounds downstream from a treated-wastewater discharge near Dallas, Texas, March 1987","docAbstract":"<p>Water and streambed-sediment samples were collected on March 9 and 10,1987 from one site upstream and three sites downstream of the discharge from a municipal wastewater-treatment plant on Rowlett Creek near Dallas, Texas. To extract and separate organic compounds, purgeand-trap, closed-loop stripping, and pH-adjusted solvent extraction methods were used for water samples; and a Soxhlet-solvent extraction method was used for streambed sediment. These methods were combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify organic compounds in Rowlett Creek. Results from this study confirm the persistence of many organic compounds in water as far as 13.5 kilometers downstream of the wastewater discharge. These include: (1) the volatile organic compounds chloroform, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, tetrachloroethene, and trichloroethene; (2) several linear alkylbenzene compounds, octyl phenol, and a tetramethylbutyl phenol isomer that are related to detergent use; (3) 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole, a compound related to coal tars and coal combustion residues; and (4) caffeine. The only compound present in water in concentrations greater than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels for drinking water was tetrachloroethene (6.0 micrograms per liter) in a sample collected 13.5 kilometers downstream from the waste water discharge. Compounds identified from the streambed-sediment samples include a xylene isomer at 7.7 kilometers downstream and chrysene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and a xylene isomer at 13.5 kilometers downstream from the wastewater discharge.</p>\n<p>Comparison of instantaneous flux values of selected organic compounds in water from downstream sites indicates: (1) the formation of chloroform in the stream following the discharge of the treated effluent, and that (2) instream biodegradation may be decreasing concentrations of linear alkylbenzene compounds in water. The relative persistence of many of the selected organic compounds in Rowlett Creek downstream from the municipal wastewater-treatment plant indicates that they could be transported into Lake Ray Hubbard, a source of municipal water supply.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri934194","usgsCitation":"Buszka, P., Barber, L., Schroeder, M., and Becker, L., 1994, Organic compounds downstream from a treated-wastewater discharge near Dallas, Texas, March 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4194, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934194.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54456,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.78199768066406,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.78199768066406,\n              33.19790226259598\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.38992309570311,\n              33.19790226259598\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.38992309570311,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.78199768066406,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buszka, P.M.","contributorId":49001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L.B. II","contributorId":6097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.B.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroeder, M.P.","contributorId":41453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Becker, L.D.","contributorId":84797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":63000,"text":"gq1708 - 1994 - Geologic map of the Fife Peak quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:42","indexId":"gq1708","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1708","title":"Geologic map of the Fife Peak quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1708","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J.S., and Du Bray, E., 1994, Geologic map of the Fife Peak quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1708, 1 map :col. ;58 x 49 cm. on sheet 81 x 97 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1708.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;58 x 49 cm. on sheet 81 x 97 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":102763,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1213.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1213"},{"id":249136,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1708/report.pdf","size":"67","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1708/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.5,31.8675 ], [ -109.5,32 ], [ -109.36749999999999,32 ], [ -109.36749999999999,31.8675 ], [ -109.5,31.8675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":268167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Du Bray, E. A.","contributorId":22333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du Bray","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19936,"text":"ofr94321 - 1994 - Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T20:22:03.911815","indexId":"ofr94321","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-321","title":"Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>The statewide average precipitation of 38.79 inches for the 1993 water year was 122 percent of the normal annual precipitation of 31.77 inches for water years 1961-90. Average precipitation values ranged from 103 percent of normal in northwestern Wisconsin to 150 percent of normal in southwestern Wisconsin (Pamela Naber Knox, UW-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey, written commun., 1993).</p>\n<p>Runoff was variable for rivers throughout the State ranging from 99 percent in northcentral Wisconsin to 278 percent in southwestern Wisconsin. Departure of runoff in the 1993 water year from long-term average runoff is shown in figure 4, along with long-term average runoff for the period 1951-80. Runoff was lowest (99 percent of the average annual runoff from 1936-93) for the Wisconsin River at Rainbow Lake near Lake Tomahawk. Runoff was highest (278 percent of the average annual runoff from 1939-93) for the Pecatonica River at Darlington. The average annual runoff for the 1993 water year was the maximum for the period of record at 33 long-term stations (more than 10 years of record) in the southern half of Wisconsin.</p>\n<p>A comparison of the annual discharge for the individual water years (1916-93) at the Oconto River near Gillett, Jump River at Sheldon, and Sugar River near Brodhead is shown figure 5, The comparisons of monthly and annual discharges for the 1993 water year to discharge for a 78-year base period at the same three gaging stations are shown in figure 6.</p>\n<p>Spring runoff from snowmelt and major storms, in the period March through September 1993, caused floods with discharges that equalled or exceeded those with a recurrence interval of 10 years (Krug and others, 1991) at a number of crest-stage gage and gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94321","usgsCitation":"Maertz, D., 1994, Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin: U.S. 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,{"id":19816,"text":"ofr94251 - 1994 - Examples of constrained iterative restoration of SPOT panchromatic images, with prefiltering for noise reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr94251","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-251","title":"Examples of constrained iterative restoration of SPOT panchromatic images, with prefiltering for noise reduction","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Mapping Division,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94251","usgsCitation":"Lemeshewsky, G., 1994, Examples of constrained iterative restoration of SPOT panchromatic images, with prefiltering for noise reduction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-251, 20 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94251.","productDescription":"20 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49301,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f94cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemeshewsky, G.P.","contributorId":106927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemeshewsky","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19815,"text":"ofr94252 - 1994 - Combining edge-gradient information to improve adaptive discontinuity-preserving smoothing of multispectral images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr94252","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-252","title":"Combining edge-gradient information to improve adaptive discontinuity-preserving smoothing of multispectral images","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94252","usgsCitation":"Lemeshewsky, G., 1994, Combining edge-gradient information to improve adaptive discontinuity-preserving smoothing of multispectral images: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-252, 11 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94252.","productDescription":"11 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0252/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49300,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0252/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemeshewsky, G.P.","contributorId":106927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemeshewsky","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19842,"text":"ofr9462 - 1994 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Extraction of nitroaromatic compounds from water by polystyrene divinylbenzene cartridge and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T18:05:08.775834","indexId":"ofr9462","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-62","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Extraction of nitroaromatic compounds from water by polystyrene divinylbenzene cartridge and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography","docAbstract":"Organic explosives are determined in samples of ground water and surface water with emphasis on identifying and quantifying trinitrotoluene (TNT) metabolites.  Water samples are filtered to remove suspended particulate material and passed through a polystyrene divinylbenzene-packed cartridge by a vacuum-extraction system.  The target analytes subsequently are eluted with acetonitrile.  A high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with a photodiode-array detector is used for sample analysis.  Analytes are separated on an octadecylsilane column using a methanol, water, and acetonitrile gradient elution.  The compounds 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene are separated through an independent, isocratic elution.  Method detection limits, on the basis of a 1-liter sample size, range from 0.11 to 0.32 microgram per liter. Recoveries averaged from 71 to 101 percent for 13 analytes in one set of HPLC-grade water fortified at about 1 microgram per liter.  The method is limited to use by analysts experienced in handling explosive materials. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9462","usgsCitation":"Lindley, C., Burkhardt, M., and DeRusseau, S., 1994, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Extraction of nitroaromatic compounds from water by polystyrene divinylbenzene cartridge and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-62, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9462.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0062/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49323,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0062/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindley, C.E.","contributorId":55031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindley","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkhardt, M.R.","contributorId":70410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeRusseau, S.N.","contributorId":31784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeRusseau","given":"S.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19923,"text":"ofr93497 - 1994 - Physical, chemical, and biological data for detailed study of irrigation drainage in the Klamath Basin, California and Oregon, 1990-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr93497","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-497","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological data for detailed study of irrigation drainage in the Klamath Basin, California and Oregon, 1990-92","docAbstract":"Physical, chemical, and biological data were collected between 1990 and 1992 as part of a detailed study by the U.S. Department of Interior of the effects of irrigation drainage on aquatic resources in the Klamath Basin of California and Oregon. Most of the sites for data collection were in and around the upper and lower sump of Tule Lake, in the Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, and along major drains in Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge. The physical and chemical data consist of particle-size determinations and concentrations of carbon, mercury, arsenic, chlorophenoxy acid, and organochlorine, organophosphate, and carbamate pesticides in bottom sediment; and concentrations of organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid pesticides, major and trace inorganic constituents, nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon in water. Continuous dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conduc- tance, and temperature data from selected sites in 1991 and 1992 are presented in graphical form to summarize the diel water-quality conditions. The biological data consists of concentrations of inorganic constituents and organochlorine pesticides in tissue, invertebrate and fish population surveys, fish health surveys, frog call surveys, egg shell thickness of avian eggs, and in situ and static toxicity bioassay data collected in 1991 and 1992 using aquatic bacteria, plants, invertebrates, fish, and bird species as test organisms.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93497","usgsCitation":"MacCoy, D., 1994, Physical, chemical, and biological data for detailed study of irrigation drainage in the Klamath Basin, California and Oregon, 1990-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-497, iv, 168 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93497.","productDescription":"iv, 168 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0497/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49433,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0497/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCoy, D.E.","contributorId":47814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":64262,"text":"gp1009 - 1994 - Complete Bouguer gravity anomaly, isostatic-residual gravity, horizontal gradient, and terrain maps of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T21:01:41.21553","indexId":"gp1009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1009","title":"Complete Bouguer gravity anomaly, isostatic-residual gravity, horizontal gradient, and terrain maps of Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp1009","usgsCitation":"Abrams, G.A., and Knepper, D.H., 1994, Complete Bouguer gravity anomaly, isostatic-residual gravity, horizontal gradient, and terrain maps of Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 1009, Report: 1 p.; 2 Plates: 36.24 x 45.13 inches and 31.18 x 43.91 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp1009.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 2 Plates: 36.24 x 45.13 inches and 31.18 x 43.91 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414386,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5957.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/1009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":250848,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/1009/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250846,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/1009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250847,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/1009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.055,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.055,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.055,\n              41\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abrams, G. A.","contributorId":27047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knepper, D. H. Jr.","contributorId":106129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepper","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19873,"text":"ofr9442 - 1994 - Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in October 1993 : T-127 (trace constituents), M-128 (major constituents), N-40 (nutrients), N-41 (nutrients), P-21 (low ionic strength), Hg-17 (mercury), AMW-3 (acid mine water), and WW-1 (whole water)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr9442","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-42","title":"Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in October 1993 : T-127 (trace constituents), M-128 (major constituents), N-40 (nutrients), N-41 (nutrients), P-21 (low ionic strength), Hg-17 (mercury), AMW-3 (acid mine water), and WW-1 (whole water)","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of the U.S. Geological Survey's analytical evaluation program for eight standard reference samples--T-127 (trace constituents), M-128 (major constituents), N-40 (nutrients), N-41 (nutrients), P-21 (low ionic strength), Hg-17 (mercury), AMW-3 (acid mine water), and WW-1 (whole water)--that were distributed in October 1993 to 158 laboratories registered in the U.S. Geological Survey sponsored interlaboratory testing program. Analytical data that were received from 145 of the laboratories were evaluated with respect to: overall laboratory performance and relative laboratory performance for each analyte in the eight reference samples. Results of these evaluations are presented in tabular form. Also presented are tables and graphs summarizing the analytical data provided by each laboratory for each analyte in the eight standard reference samples. The most probable value for each analyte was determined using nonparametric statistics.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9442","usgsCitation":"Long, H., and Farrar, J., 1994, Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in October 1993 : T-127 (trace constituents), M-128 (major constituents), N-40 (nutrients), N-41 (nutrients), P-21 (low ionic strength), Hg-17 (mercury), AMW-3 (acid mine water), and WW-1 (whole water): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-42, iii, 177 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9442.","productDescription":"iii, 177 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49383,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0042/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, H.K.","contributorId":50547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrar, J.W.","contributorId":26715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33426,"text":"b1730E - 1994 - Mineral resources of the Million Hills Wilderness Study Area, Clark County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:37","indexId":"b1730E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1730","chapter":"E","title":"Mineral resources of the Million Hills Wilderness Study Area, Clark County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/b1730E","usgsCitation":"Bergquist, J.R., Nowlan, G., and Blank, H.R., 1994, Mineral resources of the Million Hills Wilderness Study Area, Clark County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1730, v, 26 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1730E.","productDescription":"v, 26 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1730e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61305,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1730e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a1f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergquist, Joel R.","contributorId":106465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergquist","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowlan, G.A.","contributorId":99131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowlan","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blank, H. R. Jr.","contributorId":94674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44304,"text":"ofr94442 - 1994 - Maps of the Northridge, California, earthquake; setting, effects and deformation; a 3-slide set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:03","indexId":"ofr94442","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-442","title":"Maps of the Northridge, California, earthquake; setting, effects and deformation; a 3-slide set","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94442","usgsCitation":"Marshall, G., and Stein, R., 1994, Maps of the Northridge, California, earthquake; setting, effects and deformation; a 3-slide set: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-442, 1 p.; 3 remote sensing images : plastic, col. ; 3 x 4 cm., in mount 5 x 5 cm., in plastic holder 6 x 20 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94442.","productDescription":"1 p.; 3 remote sensing images : plastic, col. ; 3 x 4 cm., in mount 5 x 5 cm., in plastic holder 6 x 20 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0442/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81645,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0442/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db603fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, G.A.","contributorId":42615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000704,"text":"1000704 - 1994 - Identification of larvae: The zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>), quagga mussel (<i>Dreissena rosteriformis bugensis</i>), and Asian clam (<i>Corbicula fluminea</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T12:55:44","indexId":"1000704","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of larvae: The zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>), quagga mussel (<i>Dreissena rosteriformis bugensis</i>), and Asian clam (<i>Corbicula fluminea</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>There are presently four freshwater bivalves in the United States that produce larvae or veligers commonly found in the water column: two forms of Asian clams and two species of dreissenids. Portions of the geographic range of three of these bivalves, one species of Asian clam (</span><i>Corbicula fluminea</i><span>), zebra mussels (</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>), and quagga mussels (</span><i>Dreissena rosteriformis bugensis</i><span>), overlap, causing problems with larval identification. To determine which characteristics can be used to separate larval forms, adult Asian clams, quaggas, and zebra mussels were brought into the laboratory and induced to spawn, and the resulting larvae were reared. Hybrids between quaggas and zebra mussels were also produced, but not reared to maturity. Characteristics allowing for the most rapid and accurate separation of larvae were hinge length, shell length/height, shell shape, shell size, and the presence or absence of a foot and velum. These characteristics were observed in laboratory-reared larvae of known parentage and field-caught larvae of unknown parentage. In most cases, larvae of the Asian clam can be readily separated from those produced by either type of dreissenid on the basis of shell size and presence of a foot. Separating the gametes and embryos of the two types of dreissenids is not possible, but after shell formation, most of the larval stages can be distinguished. Hinge length, shell length/height, and the similarity in size of the shell valves can be used to separate straight-hinged, umbonal, pediveliger, and plantigrade larvae. Quagga &times; zebra mussel hybrids show characteristics of both parents and are difficult to identify.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z94-057","usgsCitation":"Nichols, S.J., and Black, M., 1994, Identification of larvae: The zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>), quagga mussel (<i>Dreissena rosteriformis bugensis</i>), and Asian clam (<i>Corbicula fluminea</i>): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 72, no. 3, p. 406-417, https://doi.org/10.1139/z94-057.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"417","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, S. Jerrine","contributorId":25887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerrine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, M.G.","contributorId":21124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}