The Rb-Sr whole rock and internal systematics of two EH3 chondrites, Qingzhen and Yamato 6901, and of one EL6 chondrite, Khairpur, were determined. Sulfides were separated using a stepwise dissolution technique. The mineral species in each fraction were estimated based on the chemical analyses of 12 major elements. The internal Rb-Sr systematics of the EH3 chondrites are highly disturbed. Fractions corresponding to sulfide phases show excess 87Sr, while other fractions corresponding to silicate phases produce a linear trend on a Rb-Sr evolution diagram. If these linear relations are interpreted as isochrons, the ages of the silicate phases are 2.12 ± 0.23 Ga and 2.05 ± 0.33 Ga with the initial Sr isotopic ratios of 0.7112 ± 0.0018 and 0.7089 ± 0.0032, for Qingzhen and Yamato 6901, respectively. The process of the isotopic disturbance probably involved the breakdown of the major K-bearing sulfide (djerfisherite), and a lack of isotopic exchange between sulfide and silicate phases indicates moderate temperatures of reheating. Although a complete Sr isotopic re-homogenization among silicate phases was not attained, we interpret the Rb-Sr results as indicative of a late thermal event about 2 Ga ago on the parent bodies of these EH3 chondrites. These ages agree well with previously published K-Ar ages. An older isochron age of 4.481 ± 0.036 Ga with a low initial Sr isotopic ratio of 0.69866 ± 0.00038 was obtained for the data from silicate fractions of Khairpur, indicating early petrological equilibration on the parent body of EL6 chondrites.
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Also included are data for 65 crest-stage partial-record stations, 13 tidal crest-stage gages, and 94 low-flow partial-record stations. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 11 and 12. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. Miscellaneous data were collected at 42 measuring sites and 9 water-quality sampling sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Jersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Bauersfeld, W., Moshinsky, E., and Gurney, C., 1993, Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1992, Volume 1. Surface-Water Data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NJ-92-1, xx, 507 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNJ921.","productDescription":"xx, 507 p.","numberOfPages":"530","costCenters":[{"id":469,"text":"New Jersey Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260414,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/nj-92-1/report.pdf"},{"id":260415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/nj-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,41.35055555555556 ], [ -73.88416666666667,41.35055555555556 ], [ -73.88416666666667,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc676e4b08c986b32bf90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauersfeld, W.R.","contributorId":72451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauersfeld","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moshinsky, E.W.","contributorId":104972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moshinsky","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurney, C.E.","contributorId":90374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurney","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038748,"text":"70038748 - 1993 - The potential response of eolian sands to greenhouse warming and precipitation reduction on the Great Plains of the U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-04T01:02:11","indexId":"70038748","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:44:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential response of eolian sands to greenhouse warming and precipitation reduction on the Great Plains of the U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Sand dunes and sand sheets are extensive on the semi-arid GreatPlains but are at present stabilized by a sparse vegetation cover. Use of a dune mobility index, which incorporates wind strength and the ratio of mean annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration, shows that under predicted greenhouse climate effects of increased temperature and reduced precipitation, sand dunes and sand sheets on the GreatPlains are likely to become reactivated over a significant part of the region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1006/jare.1993.1068","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., and Maat, P., 1993, The potential response of eolian sands to greenhouse warming and precipitation reduction on the Great Plains of the U.S.A.: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 25, no. 4, p. 351-361, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1993.1068.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"361","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257690,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1993.1068","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baeb9e4b08c986b3242c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maat, P.B.","contributorId":57479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maat","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006690,"text":"70006690 - 1993 - Direct chromatography method for ascorbic acid, ascorbyl-2-sulfate, and ascorbyl-2-phosphate in chinook salmon tissue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-16T01:02:05","indexId":"70006690","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:34:50","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2160,"text":"Journal of Animal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct chromatography method for ascorbic acid, ascorbyl-2-sulfate, and ascorbyl-2-phosphate in chinook salmon tissue","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Animal Science","publisherLocation":"Champaign, IL","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Honeyfield, D., and Lellis, W., 1993, Direct chromatography method for ascorbic acid, ascorbyl-2-sulfate, and ascorbyl-2-phosphate in chinook salmon tissue: Journal of Animal Science, v. 71, no. S1, p. 90-90.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01ade4b0c8380cd4fcde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honeyfield, D. C. 0000-0003-3034-2047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":73136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006375,"text":"70006375 - 1993 - Immunostimulation and protection from diseases in rainbow trout by glucans given by injection or bath","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-16T01:02:05","indexId":"70006375","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:17:59","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Immunostimulation and protection from diseases in rainbow trout by glucans given by injection or bath","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From Discovery to Commercialization: abstracts presented at the International Conference World Aquaculture '93: Torremolinos, Spain, May 26-28, 1993; European Aquaculture Society Special Publication No. 19","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Aquaculture Society","publisherLocation":"Oostende, Belgium","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., and Jeney, G., 1993, Immunostimulation and protection from diseases in rainbow trout by glucans given by injection or bath, in From Discovery to Commercialization: abstracts presented at the International Conference World Aquaculture '93: Torremolinos, Spain, May 26-28, 1993; European Aquaculture Society Special Publication No. 19, v. 19, p. 199-199.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38a5e4b0c8380cd6163e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jeney, G.","contributorId":89834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeney","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039171,"text":"70039171 - 1993 - Proceedings of the symposium on the management of prairie dog complexes for the reintroduction of the black-footed ferret","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T19:07:44","indexId":"70039171","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:47:18","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Proceedings of the symposium on the management of prairie dog complexes for the reintroduction of the black-footed ferret","docAbstract":"The workshop featured a review of current knowledge in the biology of prairie dogs in the context of managing black-footed ferret habitat. The review addressed two main components. The first consisted of a series of papers on prairie dog habitat and biology. The second component of the workshop was a summary of the participants' discussion about managing prairie dog complexes. This discussion was based on the previously identified papers and profited from the participants' expertise on the ecology of black-footed ferrets and prairie dogs. The report provides current and comprehensive information about management of habitat for prairie dogs and black-footed ferrets and is a useful guide for agencies and individuals that manage black-footed ferrets.","language":"English","publisher":"Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., Miller, B., and Crete, R., 1993, Proceedings of the symposium on the management of prairie dog complexes for the reintroduction of the black-footed ferret: Biological Report 13, iii, 96 p.","productDescription":"iii, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"102","costCenters":[{"id":416,"text":"National Ecology Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261326,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fedgov/70039171/report.pdf"},{"id":261327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fedgov/70039171/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173,24.5 ], [ 173,71.83333333333333 ], [ -66.95,71.83333333333333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ 173,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8d7ae4b0c8380cd7ec47","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Oldemeye, John L.","contributorId":27795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldemeye","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749297,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Brian J.","contributorId":73682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crete, Ronald","contributorId":66536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crete","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039481,"text":"70039481 - 1993 - The United States Geological Survey: A vision for the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T01:02:14","indexId":"70039481","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:08:25","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":379,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"The United States Geological Survey: A vision for the 21st century","docAbstract":"Leadership in Earth science for sustained global health, welfare, and prosperity. We envision a U.S. Geological Survey that is a global leader in relevant, innovative, and interdisciplinary Earth science. We shall conduct collaborative, impartial, multi-scale scientific investigations into the Earth's systems and conditions through a spectrum of basic to applied research on the environment, hazards, resources, and information management, all in support of present and future societal needs. We envision an organization that serves the public by sharing Earthscience data and information and by promoting its dissemination, understanding, and application. We shall be a flexible organization that values its employees and works in concert with them for attainment of both institutional and individual goals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039481","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993, The United States Geological Survey: A vision for the 21st century: Report, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039481.","productDescription":"35 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261616,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039481/report.pdf"},{"id":261617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039481/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba965e4b08c986b32223d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006513,"text":"70006513 - 1993 - Distribution, abundance, and resting microhabitat of burbot on Julian's Reef, southwestern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-11T11:54:03.856092","indexId":"70006513","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, abundance, and resting microhabitat of burbot on Julian's Reef, southwestern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"We used a remotely operated submersible vehicle equipped with a color video camera to videotape the lake bed and document the distribution and abundance of burbot Lota lota on a 156‐hectare portion of Julianˈs Reef in southwestern Lake Michigan. The substrates and bathymetry of the study area had been mapped recently by side‐scan sonar. Burbot density determined from videotapes covering 6,900 m2 of lake bed at depths of 23–41 m averaged 139 individuals/ hectare (range, 0–571/hectare). This density was substantially higher than the highest burbot density (59–95/hectare) reported in the literature. Burbot were present on the lake bed at depths of 23–36 m, but were most abundant near the crest of the reef at 23–28 m, where the water temperature was 8–13°C, their preferred summer temperature range. Substrates in that temperature range on the reef were bedrock, bedrock ridges, and bedrock and rubble. Burbot were most abundant on the bedrock and rubble. Small fish and macroinvertebrates typically eaten by burbot elsewhere in western Lake Michigan were distributed on the reef according to their summer preferred temperatures and were not seen in abundance where burbot density was highest. We saw no lake trout Salvelinus namaycush on Julianˈs Reef, although large numbers of juvenile lake trout have been stocked there annually and temperatures on the reef were in the preferred summer temperature range for lake trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0560:DAARMO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T.A., Kennedy, G.W., and Horns, W.H., 1993, Distribution, abundance, and resting microhabitat of burbot on Julian's Reef, southwestern Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 122, no. 4, p. 560-574, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0560:DAARMO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"574","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.546944,42.205833 ], [ -87.546944,42.218056 ], [ -87.523056,42.218056 ], [ -87.523056,42.205833 ], [ -87.546944,42.205833 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"122","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a76e8ce4b0e93eb366ee6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Gregory W. 0000-0003-1686-6960 gkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-6960","contributorId":3700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Gregory","email":"gkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horns, William H.","contributorId":40946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horns","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005357,"text":"70005357 - 1993 - Materials Flow of Cobalt in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"70005357","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":36,"text":"Information Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"9350","title":"Materials Flow of Cobalt in the United States","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Mines","usgsCitation":"Shedd, K.B., 1993, Materials Flow of Cobalt in the United States: Information Circular 9350, 26 p.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92194,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/usbmic/ic-9350/ic-9350.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ff04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedd, Kim B. kshedd@usgs.gov","contributorId":2896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedd","given":"Kim","email":"kshedd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005366,"text":"70005366 - 1993 - Material Flow of Salt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:50","indexId":"70005366","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":36,"text":"Information Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Material Flow of Salt","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Mines","usgsCitation":"Kostick, D.S., 1993, Material Flow of Salt: Information Circular, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60febc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kostick, Dennis S.","contributorId":49919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostick","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005372,"text":"70005372 - 1993 - Material Flow of Salt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:50","indexId":"70005372","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":36,"text":"Information Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"9343","title":"Material Flow of Salt","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Mines","usgsCitation":"Kostick, D.S., 1993, Material Flow of Salt: Information Circular 9343, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92201,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/usbmic/ic-9343/ic9343.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60fec7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kostick, Dennis S.","contributorId":49919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostick","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017877,"text":"70017877 - 1993 - Comparison of deep structure along three transects of the western North American continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T15:34:36.335187","indexId":"70017877","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of deep structure along three transects of the western North American continental margin","docAbstract":"Similarities in geology and potential field data that have in the past been noted among the regions of southern Alaska, southern Vancouver Island, and central California are now seen to be accompanied by similarities in deep crustal structure. A number of tectonic elements have been identified in the deep structure along transects in these three regions, although not all elements are present along each transect. These elements are (A) an actively subducting oceanic plate and (B) an overriding continental plate that consists of (1) a Cenozoic accretionary prism, (2) a Mesozoic accretionary prism, (3) a backstop to the Mesozoic prism, (4) a tectonically underplated body of oceanic rocks, and (5) a crustal root. The Mesozoic prism is in some cases an underthrust body (type 2a) but in other cases forms the principal component of a landward verging tectonic wedge (type 2b). The technically underplated body of oceanic rocks extends landward from the fault contact between the Cenozoic and Mesozoic prisms to a point beneath the backstop. The crustal root lies beneath the backstop and landward of the underplated body. All of these elements are interpreted to be present along the Alaskan and Vancouver Island transects. In Alaska the underplated body is interpreted to be fragments of the Kula plate; the same may be true at Vancouver Island. These two transects appear to differ in that, in Alaska, the Mesozoic prism, in one interpretation, is the principal component of a tectonic wedge (type 2b), whereas at Vancouver Island, it is an underthrust body (type 2a). Along the central California transect, active subduction is no longer taking place, and the San Andreas fault has removed the Cenozoic prism from this region of the North American plate. On the North American plate (i.e., east of the San Andreas fault), the Mesozoic prism, interpreted as the main component of a tectonic wedge (type 2b), and the backstop to the Mesozoic prism are present. There is, however, no clear evidence of tectonically underplated oceanic rocks, and the crust is thin (no root). In both Alaska and Vancouver Island, the Mesozoic prisms above the underplated bodies experienced low-pressure/high-temperature metamorphism at about the time of tectonic underplating; no such metamorphism is currently exposed in California. The metamorphism may have been caused by the underplating of young, hot oceanic crust, or, alternatively, by subduction of an oceanic ridge. The presence of a tectonic wedge (type 2b) in Alaska and California and the absence of such a wedge at Vancouver Island could arise either from the fact that in the former two locations the Mesozoic prisms were more voluminous, owing to either more rapid trench sedimentation or more rapid convergence, or to the possibility that at the latter location the Mesozoic prism was juxtaposed with the backstop primarily by strike-slip faulting.
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