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,{"id":5222654,"text":"5222654 - 1993 - Effect of eggshell thickness on hatchability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T13:04:18","indexId":"5222654","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":660,"text":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of eggshell thickness on hatchability","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., 1993, Effect of eggshell thickness on hatchability: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, v. 6, no. 4, p. 3-4.","productDescription":"3-4","startPage":"3","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6256fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222649,"text":"5222649 - 1993 - Prey escaping wolves, Canis lupus, despite close proximity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T01:10:21.359134","indexId":"5222649","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prey escaping wolves, Canis lupus, despite close proximity","docAbstract":"We describe attacks by wolf (Canis lupus) packs in Minnesota on a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and a moose (Alces alces) in which wolves were within contact distance of the prey but in which the prey escaped.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Nelson, M., and Mech, L., 1993, Prey escaping wolves, Canis lupus, despite close proximity: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 107, no. 2, p. 245-246.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"246","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194279,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":422546,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/357124"}],"volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668f0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, M.E.","contributorId":102021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222919,"text":"5222919 - 1993 - Effects of dietary aluminum, calcium, and phosphorus on egg and bone of European starlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-19T13:11:48","indexId":"5222919","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dietary aluminum, calcium, and phosphorus on egg and bone of European starlings","docAbstract":"<p><span>Egg and bone of passerine birds nesting in acidified habitats may be affected by high levels of Al or P, or low levels of Ca. Nine treatments of three levels of dietary Al (target levels of 200, 1,000, and 5,000 μg/g) and three levels of Ca:P (target levels of NN = 1.3% Ca: 0.9% P; LL = 0.19 Ca:0.45 P; LH = 0.19 Ca: 1.65 P) were fed to 16–17 starling pairs during two breeding seasons. Eggs of starlings fed the LH diet were smaller and weighed less than eggs from the NN and LL treatments. Treatment effects on thickness, strength, and weight of eggshells were not consistent between seasons, probably because of differences in actual dietary levels of Al, Ca, and P or in incubation intervals. In one season, birds fed the highest Al diet had thicker eggshells than those from the other Al treatments (no effect from Ca:P); the following season, eggshells from the NN and LH treatments were thicker and stronger than those from the LL treatment. Eggshells from the NN treatment weighed more than those from the other Ca:P treatments. Starlings on the LH diet had the strongest femurs, but the effect was interactive with different levels of dietary Al. Effects of Ca:P on egg and bone were more evident than Al effects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01141350","usgsCitation":"Miles, A., Grue, C., Pendleton, G., and Soares, J.H., 1993, Effects of dietary aluminum, calcium, and phosphorus on egg and bone of European starlings: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 24, no. 2, p. 206-212, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01141350.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615d82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soares, J. H. Jr.","contributorId":31707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soares","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223106,"text":"5223106 - 1993 - The ninety-third Christmas bird count. Georgia/Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5223106","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ninety-third Christmas bird count. Georgia/Florida","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., 1993, The ninety-third Christmas bird count. Georgia/Florida: American Birds, v. 47, no. 4, p. 499-501.","productDescription":"499-501","startPage":"499","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223584,"text":"5223584 - 1993 - [Book review] Bird trapping and bird banding: A handbook for tapping methods all over the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T08:54:38","indexId":"5223584","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Bird trapping and bird banding: A handbook for tapping methods all over the world","docAbstract":"<p>This book is a translation of a German edition published in 1978 by Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei, which in turn is a summary of four parts published earlier (1967-1970). Its main title, a direct translation of the German Vogelfang und Vogelberingung is misleading. Only six pages deal with matters one might usually expect in a book with \"bird banding\" as part of the title. This includes a single paragraph that admonishes against brightly colored clothing, one stating that binoculars are indispensable when checking trapping locations, and a half-page on dangers to the bander such as sinking in marshes and falling from ladders and cliffs. The remaining five pages deal with gathering cages or devices and with handling and releasing birds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1993, [Book review] Bird trapping and bird banding: A handbook for tapping methods all over the world: The Auk, v. 110, no. 2, p. 421-422.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"422","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341091,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4088583"}],"volume":"110","issue":"2","publicComments":"A review of: <i>Bird trapping and bird banding: A handbook for tapping methods all over the world. Hans Bub, Translated by Frances Hamerstrom and Karin WuertzSchaefer. 1991. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. 330 pp., 456 text figures. ISBN 0-8014-2525-5.</i>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dd836","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222811,"text":"5222811 - 1993 - The ninety-third Christmas Bird Count:  SD MD  Southern Dorchester County, MD","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"5222811","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ninety-third Christmas Bird Count:  SD MD  Southern Dorchester County, MD","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1993, The ninety-third Christmas Bird Count:  SD MD  Southern Dorchester County, MD: American Birds, v. 47, no. 4, p. 647-648.","productDescription":"647-648","startPage":"647","endPage":"648","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222668,"text":"5222668 - 1993 - Canine parvovirus effect on wolf population change and pup survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T10:48:52.803613","indexId":"5222668","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Canine parvovirus effect on wolf population change and pup survival","docAbstract":"<div id=\"10405574\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Canine parvovirus infected wild canids more than a decade ago, but no population effect has been documented. In wild Minnesota wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) over a 12-yr period, the annual percent population increase and proportion of pups each were inversely related to the percentage of wolves serologically positive to the disease. Although these effects did not seem to retard this large extant population, similar relationships in more isolated wolf populations might hinder recovery of this endangered and threatened species.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.330","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., and Goyal, S., 1993, Canine parvovirus effect on wolf population change and pup survival: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 29, no. 2, p. 330-333, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.330.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.330","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goyal, S.M.","contributorId":83223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goyal","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222749,"text":"5222749 - 1993 - In memoriam:  Arthur Bernard Singer, 1917-1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T09:06:18","indexId":"5222749","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In memoriam:  Arthur Bernard Singer, 1917-1990","docAbstract":"<p>Arthur Bernard Singer was born 4 December 1917, and died 6 April 1990. Although brought up in New York City, Arthur developed an early fascination with birds. His favorite haunts were the Bronx Zoo and the American Museum of Natural History, where Robert Cushman Murphy encouraged his efforts and where Arthur acquired a worldwide perspective. After graduating from Cooper Union Art School in New York City in 1939, he began his career as an art teacher, art director, and designer, His real interest, however, was in depicting the postures and plumages of birds and mammals. As early as 1941 his wildlife art was exhibited at the Bronx Zoo. While he was in the army, his wife Edith (“Judy”) helped mount this first exhibit; Arthur never saw the show.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 1993, In memoriam:  Arthur Bernard Singer, 1917-1990: The Auk, v. 110, no. 2, p. 376-377.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"377","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341093,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4088564"},{"id":197158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5c18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223125,"text":"5223125 - 1993 - Adhesive trapping II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223125","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adhesive trapping II","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., McCoid, M., and Fritts, T.H., 1993, Adhesive trapping II: Herpetological Review, v. 24, no. 3, p. 99-100.","productDescription":"99-100","startPage":"99","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCoid, M.","contributorId":88064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoid","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223750,"text":"5223750 - 1993 - Where's Waldo  (and the snakes)?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223750","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Where's Waldo  (and the snakes)?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., 1993, Where's Waldo  (and the snakes)?: Herpetological Review, v. 24, no. 2, p. 44-45.","productDescription":"44-45","startPage":"44","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a54a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223369,"text":"5223369 - 1993 - Toxicity of sediments and pore water from Brunswick Estuary, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-18T17:30:51","indexId":"5223369","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of sediments and pore water from Brunswick Estuary, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>A chlor-alkali plant in Brunswick, Georgia, USA, discharged &gt;2 kg mercury/d into a tributary of the Turtle River-Brunswick Estuary from 1966 to 1971. Mercury concentrations in sediments collected in 1989 along the tributary near the chlor-alkali plant ranged from 1 to 27 μg/g (dry weight), with the highest concentrations found in surface (0–8 cm) sediments of subtidal zones in the vicinity of the discharge site. Toxicity screening in 1990 using Microtox<sup>®</sup> bioassays on pore water extracted on site from sediments collected at six stations distributed along the tributary indicated that pore water was highly toxic near the plant discharge. Ten-day toxicity tests on pore water from subsequent sediment samples collected near the plant discharge confirmed high toxicity to <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Hyalella azteca</i>, and feeding activity was significantly reduced in whole-sediment tests. In addition to mercury in the sediments, other metals (chromium, lead, and zinc) exceeded 50 μg/g, and polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) concentrations ranged from 67 to 95 μg/g. On a molar basis, acid-volatile sulfide concentrations (20–45 μmol/g) in the sediments exceeded the metal concentrations. Because acid-volatile sulfides bind with cationic metals and form metal sulfides, which are generally not bioavailable, toxicities shown by these sediments were attributed to the high concentrations of PCBs and possibly methylmercury.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00210729","usgsCitation":"Winger, P.V., Lasier, P.J., and Geitner, H., 1993, Toxicity of sediments and pore water from Brunswick Estuary, Georgia: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 371-376, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00210729.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"376","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Brunswick Estuary, Turtle River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.595458984375,\n              31.084105761640277\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.595458984375,\n              31.21280145833882\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.47254943847656,\n              31.21280145833882\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.47254943847656,\n              31.084105761640277\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.595458984375,\n              31.084105761640277\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f07b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winger, Parley V.","contributorId":27983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"Parley","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasier, Peter J.","contributorId":6178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geitner, Harvey","contributorId":177539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geitner","given":"Harvey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223747,"text":"5223747 - 1993 - The mating behavior of Iguana iguana (Part 2)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223747","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1970,"text":"Iguana Times","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mating behavior of Iguana iguana (Part 2)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Iguana Times","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., 1993, The mating behavior of Iguana iguana (Part 2): Iguana Times, v. 2, no. 3, p. 2-20.","productDescription":"2-20","startPage":"2","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4940","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224532,"text":"5224532 - 1993 - How to lie with biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T11:33:49.7176","indexId":"5224532","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How to lie with biodiversity","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740959.x","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1993, How to lie with biodiversity: Conservation Biology, v. 7, no. 4, p. 959-960, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740959.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"960","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196458,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222846,"text":"5222846 - 1993 - Male Kirtland's warbler with incubation patch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5222846","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Male Kirtland's warbler with incubation patch","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4512_Sykes.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., Bocetti, C.I., and Moore, L., 1993, Male Kirtland's warbler with incubation patch: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 105, no. 2, p. 354-356.","productDescription":"354-356","startPage":"354","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16483,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v105n02/p0354-p0356.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"105","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bocetti, Carol I.","contributorId":60343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bocetti","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, L.A.","contributorId":43469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222639,"text":"5222639 - 1993 - [Book review]  Care of the wild: First aid for wild creatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T15:20:34.663189","indexId":"5222639","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2532,"text":"Journal of the Association of Avian Veterinarians","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review]  Care of the wild: First aid for wild creatures","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Avian Veterinarians","doi":"10.2307/30134313","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., 1993, [Book review]  Care of the wild: First aid for wild creatures: Journal of the Association of Avian Veterinarians, v. 7, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.2307/30134313.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4986e4b07f02db5aec53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224533,"text":"5224533 - 1993 - Horse impacts: research findings and their implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"5224533","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2693,"text":"Master Network","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Horse impacts: research findings and their implications","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Master Network","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1993, Horse impacts: research findings and their implications: Master Network, v. 1, no. 5.","productDescription":"5, 14","startPage":"248","numberOfPages":"248","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222886,"text":"5222886 - 1993 - North American Breeding Bird Survey annual summary 1990-1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5222886","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1051,"text":"Bird Populations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North American Breeding Bird Survey annual summary 1990-1991","docAbstract":"The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) was used to estimate continental and regional changes in bird populations during 1989-1990 and 1990-1991, placing these short-term changes within the context of population trends since 1966.  For the entire survey area, 51.7% of the species exhibited increases in population size during 1989-1990, reversing the decreasing tendency exhibited by the majority of species during 1988-1989. A similar percentage (51.4%) of species with increasing populations was noted during 1990-1991.  These percentages were also analyzed for 12 guilds of North American birds and 3 broad geographical regions.  Many regional patterns exist in these population changes, reflecting the variability inherent in short-term population fluctuations.  Two-year (1989-1990 and 1990-1991) changes and long-term (1966-1990) continental trends are provided for 255 species.  ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B., and Sauer, J., 1993, North American Breeding Bird Survey annual summary 1990-1991: Bird Populations, v. 1, p. 52-67.","productDescription":"52-67","startPage":"52","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696dac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222889,"text":"5222889 - 1993 - Morphological, biochemical, and histopathological indices and contaminant burdens of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) at three hazardous waste sites near Houston, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"5222889","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological, biochemical, and histopathological indices and contaminant burdens of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) at three hazardous waste sites near Houston, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"Male cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were studied at three industrial waste sites near Houston, Texas, to determine whether various morphological, biochemical, and histopathological indices provided evidence of contaminant exposure and toxic insult. Only modest changes were detected in cotton rats residing at waste sites compared with reference sites. No single parameter was consistently altered, except hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentration which was lower ( [Formula: see text] ) at two waste sites, and tended to be lower ( [Formula: see text] ) at a third waste site. Elevated petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations were detected in rats at one waste site, but contaminant burdens of rats from the other sites were unremarkable. Unlike rats captured in summer, those trapped in winter exhibited hepatocellular hypertrophy and up to a 65% increase in liver: body weight ratio, cytochrome P-450 concentration, and activities of aniline hydroxylase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, and glutathione S-transferase. Although genotoxicity has been previously documented in cotton rats residing at two of the waste sites, biomarkers in the present study provided little evidence of exposure and damage","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(93)90181-M","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., Flickinger, E.L., and Hoffman, D.J., 1993, Morphological, biochemical, and histopathological indices and contaminant burdens of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) at three hazardous waste sites near Houston, Texas, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 79, no. 1, p. 85-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(93)90181-M.","productDescription":"85-93","startPage":"85","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16479,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(93)90181-M","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b475f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flickinger, Edward L.","contributorId":48907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flickinger","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222877,"text":"5222877 - 1993 - Environmental contaminants in bald eagle eggs—1980–84—and further interpretations of relationships to productivity and shell thickness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T17:25:39.047379","indexId":"5222877","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants in bald eagle eggs—1980–84—and further interpretations of relationships to productivity and shell thickness","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bald eagle (</span><i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i><span>) eggs were collected in 15 States in the United States in 1980–1984 and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and mercury. Data were compared and combined with data from earlier studies to examine trends and refine relationships of contaminants to shell thickness and young production. Moderate shell thinning occurred in eggs from several States. The frequency of occurrence of detectable residues of several contaminants declined during 1969–84. DDE concentrations declined significantly in Wisconsin, Maine, and the Chesapeake Bay region. Some other contaminant residues declined, but usually not significantly. During 1980–84, DDE, PCB, and mercury concentrations were highest in eggs from Maine, whereas most contaminant concentrations were lowest in eggs from Arizona. DDE was most closely related to shell thickness and young production at sampled breeding areas. Fifteen percent shell thinning was associated with 16 μg/g DDE (wet weight) for eggs collected early in incubation. Young production was normal when eggs at sampled breeding areas contained &lt; 3.6 μg/g DDE (wet weight), was nearly halved between 3.6 to 6.3 μg/g, and halved again when concentrations exceeded 6.3 μg/g. Several other contaminants were also associated with poor reproduction and eggshell thinning; however, their impact appeared to be secondary to that of DDE and was probably related to their high correlation with DDE. Data relating contaminant concentrations to mean 5-year production are applicable only to breeding areas where eggs are collected after failure to hatch, because such breeding areas are not representative of all nesting bald eagles in a given population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01141351","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., Bunck, C.M., and Stafford, C.J., 1993, Environmental contaminants in bald eagle eggs—1980–84—and further interpretations of relationships to productivity and shell thickness: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 24, no. 2, p. 213-227, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01141351.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunck, Christine M. cbunck@usgs.gov","contributorId":731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"Christine","email":"cbunck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":337367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, Charles J.","contributorId":65338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}