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,{"id":5223750,"text":"5223750 - 1993 - Where's Waldo  (and the snakes)?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223750","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Where's Waldo  (and the snakes)?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., 1993, Where's Waldo  (and the snakes)?: Herpetological Review, v. 24, no. 2, p. 44-45.","productDescription":"44-45","startPage":"44","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a54a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223369,"text":"5223369 - 1993 - Toxicity of sediments and pore water from Brunswick Estuary, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-18T17:30:51","indexId":"5223369","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of sediments and pore water from Brunswick Estuary, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>A chlor-alkali plant in Brunswick, Georgia, USA, discharged &gt;2 kg mercury/d into a tributary of the Turtle River-Brunswick Estuary from 1966 to 1971. Mercury concentrations in sediments collected in 1989 along the tributary near the chlor-alkali plant ranged from 1 to 27 μg/g (dry weight), with the highest concentrations found in surface (0–8 cm) sediments of subtidal zones in the vicinity of the discharge site. Toxicity screening in 1990 using Microtox<sup>®</sup> bioassays on pore water extracted on site from sediments collected at six stations distributed along the tributary indicated that pore water was highly toxic near the plant discharge. Ten-day toxicity tests on pore water from subsequent sediment samples collected near the plant discharge confirmed high toxicity to <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Hyalella azteca</i>, and feeding activity was significantly reduced in whole-sediment tests. In addition to mercury in the sediments, other metals (chromium, lead, and zinc) exceeded 50 μg/g, and polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) concentrations ranged from 67 to 95 μg/g. On a molar basis, acid-volatile sulfide concentrations (20–45 μmol/g) in the sediments exceeded the metal concentrations. Because acid-volatile sulfides bind with cationic metals and form metal sulfides, which are generally not bioavailable, toxicities shown by these sediments were attributed to the high concentrations of PCBs and possibly methylmercury.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00210729","usgsCitation":"Winger, P.V., Lasier, P.J., and Geitner, H., 1993, Toxicity of sediments and pore water from Brunswick Estuary, Georgia: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 371-376, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00210729.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"376","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Brunswick Estuary, Turtle River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.595458984375,\n              31.084105761640277\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.595458984375,\n              31.21280145833882\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.47254943847656,\n              31.21280145833882\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.47254943847656,\n              31.084105761640277\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.595458984375,\n              31.084105761640277\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f07b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winger, Parley V.","contributorId":27983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"Parley","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasier, Peter J.","contributorId":6178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geitner, Harvey","contributorId":177539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geitner","given":"Harvey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223125,"text":"5223125 - 1993 - Adhesive trapping II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223125","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adhesive trapping II","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., McCoid, M., and Fritts, T.H., 1993, Adhesive trapping II: Herpetological Review, v. 24, no. 3, p. 99-100.","productDescription":"99-100","startPage":"99","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCoid, M.","contributorId":88064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoid","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223747,"text":"5223747 - 1993 - The mating behavior of Iguana iguana (Part 2)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223747","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1970,"text":"Iguana Times","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mating behavior of Iguana iguana (Part 2)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Iguana Times","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., 1993, The mating behavior of Iguana iguana (Part 2): Iguana Times, v. 2, no. 3, p. 2-20.","productDescription":"2-20","startPage":"2","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4940","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223532,"text":"5223532 - 1993 - [Book review]  Illustrations of the birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T09:01:46","indexId":"5223532","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review]  Illustrations of the birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America","docAbstract":"<p>John Cassin was one of the leading American ornithologists of the 19th century. Appointed Honorary Curator of Birds at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1842, he built and studied the collections of that institution (although engaged full time in business) until his death in 1869. This book represents perhaps his most important and least well known endeavor.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Banks, R.C., 1993, [Book review]  Illustrations of the birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America: The Auk, v. 110, no. 2, p. 420-421.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"420","endPage":"421","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341092,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4088582"}],"volume":"110","issue":"2","publicComments":"Review of: <i>Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America. John Cassin, 1856. Reprint, with introduction by Robert McCracken Peck, 1991, Texas Historical Association, Austin, Texas, 42 + viii + 298 pp., 50 color plates, 13 black-and-white illustrations. ISBN 0-87611-106-1.</i>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48ace4b07f02db52d35a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":102933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222668,"text":"5222668 - 1993 - Canine parvovirus effect on wolf population change and pup survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T10:48:52.803613","indexId":"5222668","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Canine parvovirus effect on wolf population change and pup survival","docAbstract":"<div id=\"10405574\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Canine parvovirus infected wild canids more than a decade ago, but no population effect has been documented. In wild Minnesota wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) over a 12-yr period, the annual percent population increase and proportion of pups each were inversely related to the percentage of wolves serologically positive to the disease. Although these effects did not seem to retard this large extant population, similar relationships in more isolated wolf populations might hinder recovery of this endangered and threatened species.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.330","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., and Goyal, S., 1993, Canine parvovirus effect on wolf population change and pup survival: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 29, no. 2, p. 330-333, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.330.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.330","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goyal, S.M.","contributorId":83223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goyal","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222749,"text":"5222749 - 1993 - In memoriam:  Arthur Bernard Singer, 1917-1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T09:06:18","indexId":"5222749","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In memoriam:  Arthur Bernard Singer, 1917-1990","docAbstract":"<p>Arthur Bernard Singer was born 4 December 1917, and died 6 April 1990. Although brought up in New York City, Arthur developed an early fascination with birds. His favorite haunts were the Bronx Zoo and the American Museum of Natural History, where Robert Cushman Murphy encouraged his efforts and where Arthur acquired a worldwide perspective. After graduating from Cooper Union Art School in New York City in 1939, he began his career as an art teacher, art director, and designer, His real interest, however, was in depicting the postures and plumages of birds and mammals. As early as 1941 his wildlife art was exhibited at the Bronx Zoo. While he was in the army, his wife Edith (“Judy”) helped mount this first exhibit; Arthur never saw the show.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 1993, In memoriam:  Arthur Bernard Singer, 1917-1990: The Auk, v. 110, no. 2, p. 376-377.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"377","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341093,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4088564"},{"id":197158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5c18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222661,"text":"5222661 - 1993 - Resistance of young wolf pups to inclement weather","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T00:22:40.788414","indexId":"5222661","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resistance of young wolf pups to inclement weather","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Three observations of young wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) pups in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, and two on Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, indicate that pups &lt;33 days of age are highly resistant to inclement weather, contrary to earlier conjecture.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1382407","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., 1993, Resistance of young wolf pups to inclement weather: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 74, no. 2, p. 485-486, https://doi.org/10.2307/1382407.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197679,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629e73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224533,"text":"5224533 - 1993 - Horse impacts: research findings and their implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"5224533","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2693,"text":"Master Network","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Horse impacts: research findings and their implications","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Master Network","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1993, Horse impacts: research findings and their implications: Master Network, v. 1, no. 5.","productDescription":"5, 14","startPage":"248","numberOfPages":"248","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223741,"text":"5223741 - 1993 - Speculations on colonizing success of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (Pipidae), in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T17:25:45.518255","indexId":"5223741","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3437,"text":"South African Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Speculations on colonizing success of the African clawed frog, <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (Pipidae), in California","title":"Speculations on colonizing success of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (Pipidae), in California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The African clawed frog has been established in California for over twenty years. During that period, populations have spread to most of the drainage systems in southern California. It is suggested that a suite of contributing factors, including morphological, behavioural, and biochemical predator avoidance strategies, and reproductive and feeding (cannibalism) strategies, have aided in the success of this species in an extralimital situation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02541858.1993.11448290","usgsCitation":"McCoid, M.J., and Fritts, T.H., 1993, Speculations on colonizing success of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (Pipidae), in California: South African Journal of Zoology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 59-61, https://doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1993.11448290.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1993.11448290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202024,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoid, M. J.","contributorId":49077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoid","given":"M.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223348,"text":"5223348 - 1993 - Effects of habitat availability on dispersion of a stream cyprinid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T16:29:43.631216","indexId":"5223348","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of habitat availability on dispersion of a stream cyprinid","docAbstract":"<p><span>We analyzed temporal changes in the dispersion of the rosyside dace,</span><i>Clinostomus funduloides</i><span>, (family Cyprinidae) in a headwater stream, to assess the role of habitat availability in promoting fish aggregation. The dace foraged alone and in groups of up to about 25 individuals, and dispersion varied significantly among monthly censuses conducted from May through December. In two of three study pools, dace aggregated during July, October and/or December, but spread out during other months, especially during September when dispersion did not differ significantly from random. Dispersion was not significantly correlated with the total amount of suitable habitat available to foraging dace, but during summer, corresponded to the availability of depositional areas adjacent to rapid currents. Foragers aggregated in eddies or depositional areas during high stream discharge in July, and shifted out of depositional areas when current velocities declined from July to September. During late autumn, however, aggregations formed independently of changes in habitat conditions, and dace dispersion did not vary significantly among months in a third pool. The study suggests that dace dispersion cannot be predicted from the overall availability of suitable habitat as estimated from point measurements of depth and velocity; both the occurrence of a specific habitat feature (i.e., eddies adjacent to high velocity currents) and seasonal differences in behavior more strongly influenced the spatial distribution of foragers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/BF00000587","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M.C., and Grossman, G., 1993, Effects of habitat availability on dispersion of a stream cyprinid: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 37, no. 2, p. 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000587.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6151fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossman, Gary D.","contributorId":316426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grossman","given":"Gary D.","affiliations":[{"id":68595,"text":"International Institute of Tropical Forestry, U.S.A.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223068,"text":"5223068 - 1993 - Site tenacity of the endangered palila","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5223068","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site tenacity of the endangered palila","docAbstract":"Strong site tenacity might prevent Palila (Loxioides bailleui), an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, from repopulating favorable habitats in their former range. We used radio telemetry during the nonbreeding and breeding seasons to study movements and dispersal rates of 57 Palila. All Palila remained in the study area, and home range sizes and movement distances were small relative to the potential mobility of the species. Banding and nesting studies revealed that Palila show strong site tenacity. An inverse correlation between movements and elevation was related to an elevational gradient in food supply. Translocations of Palila into presently unoccupied areas in their range might speed the recovery of this endangered species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fancy, S., Sugihara, R., Jeffrey, J., and Jacobi, J., 1993, Site tenacity of the endangered palila: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 105, no. 4, p. 587-596.","productDescription":"587-596","startPage":"587","endPage":"596","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16449,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v105n04/p0587-p0596.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":195997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fancy, S.G.","contributorId":8957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancy","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sugihara, R.T.","contributorId":38669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugihara","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeffrey, J.J.","contributorId":46646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffrey","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobi, J.D.","contributorId":13570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222872,"text":"5222872 - 1993 - Selenium accumulation and loss in mallard eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T15:18:21.192171","indexId":"5222872","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium accumulation and loss in mallard eggs","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Five female mallards<span>&nbsp;</span><i>(Anas platyrhynchos)</i><span>&nbsp;</span>that had just started egg laying were first fed a diet containing 15 ppm selenium in the form of selenomethionine for 20 d and then an untreated diet for 20 d. Selenium levels in eggs peaked (to about 13-20 ppm) in about two weeks on the treated diet and leveled off at a low level (&lt; 5 ppm) after about 10 d back on the untreated diet. Selenium levels in egg whites responded faster than levels in yolks to the females' consumption of treated and untreated diets.</p></div></div><div class=\"accordion article-accordion\"><div class=\"accordion__control\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-references=\"/action/ajaxShowEnhancedAbstract?widgetId=5cf4c79f-0ae9-4dc5-96ce-77f62de7ada9&amp;ajax=true&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fetc.5620120419&amp;pbContext=%3Bissue%3Aissue%3Adoi%5C%3A10.1002%2Fetc.v12%253A4%3Bpage%3Astring%3AArticle%2FChapter+View%3Bctype%3Astring%3AJournal+Content%3BsubPage%3Astring%3AAbstract%3Bjournal%3Ajournal%3A15528618%3BrequestedJournal%3Ajournal%3A15528618%3Bwebsite%3Awebsite%3Asetac%3Bwgroup%3Astring%3APublication+Websites%3BpageGroup%3Astring%3APublication+Pages%3Barticle%3Aarticle%3Adoi%5C%3A10.1002%2Fetc.5620120419&amp;accordionHeadingWrapper=h2&amp;onlyLog=true\"><span id=\"references-section-1\" class=\"section__title\">References</span></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620120419","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., 1993, Selenium accumulation and loss in mallard eggs: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 12, no. 4, p. 775-778, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120419.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"778","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a00e4b07f02db5f7cdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222742,"text":"5222742 - 1993 - Resource protection for waterbirds in Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:52:54.077345","indexId":"5222742","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource protection for waterbirds in Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"Many living resources in the Chesapeake Bay estuary have deteriorated over the past 50 years. As a result, many governmental committees, task forces, and management plans have been established. Most of the recommendations for implementing a bay cleanup focus on reducing sediments and nutrient flow into the watershed. We emphasize that habitat requirements other than water quality are necessary for the recovery of much of the bay's avian wildlife, and we use a waterbird example as illustration. Some of these needs are: (1) protection of fast-eroding islands, or creation of new ones by dredge deposition to improve nesting habitat for American black ducks(Anas rubripes), great blue herons(Ardea herodias), and other associated wading birds; (2) conservation of remaining brackish marshes, especially near riparian areas, for feeding black ducks, wading birds, and wood ducks(Aix sponsa); (3) establishment of sanctuaries in open-water, littoral zones to protect feeding and/or roosting areas for diving ducks such as canvasbacks(Aythya valisineria) and redheads(Aythya americana), and for bald eagles(Haliaeetus leucocephalus); and (4) limitation of disturbance by boaters around nesting islands and open-water feeding areas. Land (or water) protection measures for waterbirds need to include units at several different spatial scales, ranging from ?points? (e.g., a colony site) to large-area resources (e.g., a marsh or tributary for feeding). Planning to conserve large areas of both land and water can be achieved following a biosphere reserve model. Existing interagency committees in the Chesapeake Bay Program could be more effective in developing such a model for wildlife and fisheries resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/bf02393723","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Haramis, G., Krementz, D., and Funderburk, S., 1993, Resource protection for waterbirds in Chesapeake Bay: Environmental Management, v. 17, no. 5, p. 613-619, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02393723.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"619","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.11190558460805,\n              39.97297812871477\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.11190558460805,\n              36.38156142539066\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.88192511585801,\n              36.38156142539066\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.88192511585801,\n              39.97297812871477\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.11190558460805,\n              39.97297812871477\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b003","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Funderburk, S.L.","contributorId":95012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funderburk","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222879,"text":"5222879 - 1993 - Cryopreservation of American kestrel semen with dimethylsulfoxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:41:10","indexId":"5222879","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cryopreservation of American kestrel semen with dimethylsulfoxide","docAbstract":"<p>Semen samples from 15 male American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) were frozen in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The semen was thawed 1-14 mo later and used to inseminate six females during three breeding seasons. Kestrels inseminated with thawed semen containing 4% DMSO produced only infertile eggs (N = 14). Kestrels inseminated with thawed semen containing 6%, 8%, or 10% DMSO produced fertile eggs (N = 14) and live chicks (N = 6). Progressive motility of spermatozoa in thawed semen containing 10% DMSO was less (44 ? 6%) than in thawed semen containing 6% (62 ? 10%) or 8% (61 ? 1%) DMSO.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Gee, G., Morrell, C., Franson, J., and Pattee, O.H., 1993, Cryopreservation of American kestrel semen with dimethylsulfoxide: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 27, no. 1, p. 21-25.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299877,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/53332"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f4b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrell, C.A.","contributorId":35428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrell","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pattee, Oliver H.","contributorId":45412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222780,"text":"5222780 - 1993 - 'Tool' use by the red-tailed hawk (<i>Buteo jamaicensis</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T14:20:12","indexId":"5222780","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"'Tool' use by the red-tailed hawk (<i>Buteo jamaicensis</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>Perhaps the best documented example of regular tool use for a falconiform is the Egyptian Vulture (<i>Neophron percnopterus</i>) striking an Ostrich (<i>Struthio camelus</i>) egg with a stone (J. van Lawick-Goodall and H. van Lawick-Goodall 1966, Nature 212:1468-1469; R.K. Brooke 1979, Ostrich 50:257-258). Another species, the Lammergeier (<i>Gypaetus barbatus</i>), routinely drops bones on stone slabs to gain access to the marrow within (L. Brown and D Amadon 1968, Eagles, hawks and falcons of the world, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY U.S.A.). Some, however, would argue that, because the stone is not manipulated, the bone-dropping Lammergeier is not actually using a tool. Another reported example of tool use is the Ferruginous Hawk (<i>Buteo</i> <i>regalis</i>) that allegedly cast a stone at a human intruder near its nest (C.L. Blair 1981, Raptor Research 15:120).]</p><p>The following may be yet another example of tool use by a raptor. On 5 June 1985, we observed an adult Red-tailed Hawk (<i>Buteo jamaicensis</i>) soaring low (ca 15 m) over the grass-covered slopes of the Galiuro Mountains in southern Arizona. The bird had, probably just moments before, captured a ca I m snake (probably a glossy snake, <i>Arizona elegans</i>, judging by size, shape and color). When the hawk passed near us, it was holding the snake by both feet near the snake's midpoint. With head elevated and mouth open, the snake appeared intent upon biting the hawk. When the hawk was ca 100 m distant from us, it made several shallow stoops over a scattered group of large boulders. On some (and perhaps all) passes, the bird swept sharply upward as it passed over and nearly collided with a boulder. The centrifugal force associated with this change in direction caused the snake to pendulate below the hawk's talons and strike the boulder. During one pass, we observed the snake's head and tail flipping up behind the hawk after slapping the boulder. Not all swoops were over the same boulder, but one particularly obtrusive (ca 1 m tall) boulder was used at least twice. On the last two swoops, the snake hung limp and apparently lifeless from the hawk's talons After the last swoop, the hawk dropped out of sight into tall grass ca 200 m from our position and presumably ate the snake because we could observe no prey in the hawk's talons when it soared up 13 rain later.</p><p>If the anvil (not held in the hand) is a tool as well as the hammer (held in the hand), then the Red-tailed Hawk may be added to the short list of raptors that have been known to use tools</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., and Brunson, S., 1993, 'Tool' use by the red-tailed hawk (<i>Buteo jamaicensis</i>): Journal of Raptor Research, v. 27, no. 2, p. 128-128.","productDescription":"1","startPage":"128","endPage":"128","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16446,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.raptorresearchfoundation.org/publications/journal-of-raptor-research/online-access/","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":" Galiuro Mountains","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b45bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, David H.","contributorId":70901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brunson, Shawn","contributorId":78048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"Shawn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222781,"text":"5222781 - 1993 - Do falcons build nests?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5222781","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do falcons build nests?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., 1993, Do falcons build nests?: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 27, no. 4.","productDescription":"217","startPage":"217","numberOfPages":"217","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16444,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/jrr/v027n04/p00217-p00217.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":199499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d2d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222817,"text":"5222817 - 1993 - Recent distribution and status of nesting bald eagles in Baja California, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:06","indexId":"5222817","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent distribution and status of nesting bald eagles in Baja California, Mexico","docAbstract":"We studied Bald Eagles(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nesting in Baja California, Mexico, and vicinity from 1983-1993.  The range of nesting Bald Eagles in Baja California has been reduced from a scattering of pairs along both the Pacific and Gulf sides to a remnant population in Magdalena Bay where no more than three pairs were found annually.  Low numbers and a restricted distribution make this disjunct population especially vulnerable to human disturbance.  Additional protection of present nesting localities and a reintroduction program on remote islands in the Gulf of California where eagles historically nested, are proposed.  Limited data on nesting success indicate that the Magdalena Bay population is reproducing successfully with young probably dispersing north following fledging.  The Bald Eagles found wintering along the Colorado River Delta in January apparently nest farther north in the United States or Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Conant, B., and Anderson, D.W., 1993, Recent distribution and status of nesting bald eagles in Baja California, Mexico: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 27, no. 4, p. 203-209.","productDescription":"203-209","startPage":"203","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16463,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/jrr/v027n04/p00203-p00209.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":198315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conant, B.","contributorId":80347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conant","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, D. W.","contributorId":48519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222818,"text":"5222818 - 1993 - Re-exposure of mallards to selenium after chronic exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T14:58:16.116082","indexId":"5222818","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-exposure of mallards to selenium after chronic exposure","docAbstract":"<p><span>Adult male mallards (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>) were fed a control diet or a diet containing 15 ppm selenium as seleno-D,L-methionine for 21 weeks. After this initial exposure, the mallards were fed untreated food for 12 weeks, then were re-exposed to selenium at 100 ppm for five weeks. During re-exposure to 100 ppm selenium, the birds that had previously been exposed to 15 ppm selenium and those that had not previously been exposed did not differ in percentage of mortality (14.7 and 14.3%), weight loss in survivors (39.3 and 41.2%), selenium concentrations in the livers of survivors (35 and 53 ppm, wet weight), or selenium concentrations in the livers of birds that died (35 and 40 ppm, respectively). When the data from the birds that had previously been exposed to 15 ppm selenium were combined with the data from the birds that had not previously been exposed, selenium concentrations in the livers of birds that had died on the 100-ppm selenium treatment (38 ppm) did not differ from the concentrations in the livers of birds that had survived (43 ppm).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620120918","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., 1993, Re-exposure of mallards to selenium after chronic exposure: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 12, no. 9, p. 1691-1694, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120918.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1691","endPage":"1694","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222826,"text":"5222826 - 1993 - Biomarkers of contaminant exposure in common terns and black-crowned night herons in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T15:15:35.572884","indexId":"5222826","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomarkers of contaminant exposure in common terns and black-crowned night herons in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Morphological and biochemical indexes of contaminant exposure were examined in hatching common terns (</span><i>Sterna hirundo</i><span>) and black-crowned night herons (</span><i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i><span>) from industrialized and nonindustrialized locations in the Great Lakes. In 1984, naturally incubated, pipping common tern and black-crowned night heron embryos collected from industrialized locations exhibited smaller femur-length-to-body-weight ratios, elevated hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activities, and lower hepatic DNA concentrations (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05). In addition, a high incidence of subcutaneous edema was noted in pipping herons (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.01). In 1985, reduced hatching success was observed for laboratory-incubated common tern eggs collected from the industrialized sites, compared to nonindustrialized sites (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.01). Day-old hatchlings exhibited reduced femur-length-to-body-weight ratio, developmental anomalies, and elevated hepatic AHH activity (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05). For hatching common terns studied in 1984 and 1985, femur-length-to-body-weight ratio was inversely related to AHH activity (</span><i>r</i><span>&nbsp;= −0.67,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) and inversely related to log-transformed PCB concentrations (</span><i>r</i><span>&nbsp;= −0.70,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;≤ 0.05) of unincubated eggs from the same colony. The activity of AHH in hatching terns was also directly related (</span><i>r</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.71,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;≤ 0.05) to log-transformed PCB concentrations in unincubated eggs. Other examined contaminants, including DDE, other organochlorine pesticides, and mercury, were not directly related to these effects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620120615","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Smith, G.J., and Rattner, B., 1993, Biomarkers of contaminant exposure in common terns and black-crowned night herons in the Great Lakes: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 12, no. 6, p. 1095-1103, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120615.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1095","endPage":"1103","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195946,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f27e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222776,"text":"5222776 - 1993 - Reproduction of mallards following overwinter exposure to selenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T11:49:14.856615","indexId":"5222776","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction of mallards following overwinter exposure to selenium","docAbstract":"<p><span>Forty pairs of mallards (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>) were fed 15 ppm selenium as selenomethionine for about 21 weeks during winter. Twenty pairs served as controls. At the end of 21 weeks, which coincided with the onset of the reproductive season, selenium treatment was ended. Four birds died while on selenium treatment. Treated females lost weight, and their egg-laying was delayed. Hatching success of some of the first eggs laid by selenium-treated females was lower than that of controls, and a few of these early eggs contained deformed embryos, but, after a period of about two weeks off the selenium-treated diet, reproductive success returned to a level comparable with that of controls. The return to normal reproductive success was the result of a corresponding decrease in selenium concentrations in eggs once selenium treatment ended.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(93)90075-Y","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., and Fitzgerald, M.A., 1993, Reproduction of mallards following overwinter exposure to selenium: Environmental Pollution, v. 81, no. 2, p. 117-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(93)90075-Y.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c41e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzgerald, M. A.","contributorId":41544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223627,"text":"5223627 - 1993 - The tools of the trade--library enhancement in developing countries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-05T14:16:49.153127","indexId":"5223627","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The tools of the trade--library enhancement in developing countries","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1311950","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., Jenkinson, M., and Allen, A., 1993, The tools of the trade--library enhancement in developing countries: BioScience, v. 43, no. 8, p. 556-563, https://doi.org/10.2307/1311950.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"556","endPage":"563","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200080,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a501a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkinson, M.A.","contributorId":19262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkinson","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, A.","contributorId":37035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}