We analyzed temporal changes in the dispersion of the rosyside dace,Clinostomus funduloides, (family Cyprinidae) in a headwater stream, to assess the role of habitat availability in promoting fish aggregation. The dace foraged alone and in groups of up to about 25 individuals, and dispersion varied significantly among monthly censuses conducted from May through December. In two of three study pools, dace aggregated during July, October and/or December, but spread out during other months, especially during September when dispersion did not differ significantly from random. Dispersion was not significantly correlated with the total amount of suitable habitat available to foraging dace, but during summer, corresponded to the availability of depositional areas adjacent to rapid currents. Foragers aggregated in eddies or depositional areas during high stream discharge in July, and shifted out of depositional areas when current velocities declined from July to September. During late autumn, however, aggregations formed independently of changes in habitat conditions, and dace dispersion did not vary significantly among months in a third pool. The study suggests that dace dispersion cannot be predicted from the overall availability of suitable habitat as estimated from point measurements of depth and velocity; both the occurrence of a specific habitat feature (i.e., eddies adjacent to high velocity currents) and seasonal differences in behavior more strongly influenced the spatial distribution of foragers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/BF00000587","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M.C., and Grossman, G., 1993, Effects of habitat availability on dispersion of a stream cyprinid: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 37, no. 2, p. 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000587.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6151fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossman, Gary D.","contributorId":316426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grossman","given":"Gary D.","affiliations":[{"id":68595,"text":"International Institute of Tropical Forestry, U.S.A.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222742,"text":"5222742 - 1993 - Resource protection for waterbirds in Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:52:54.077345","indexId":"5222742","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource protection for waterbirds in Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"Many living resources in the Chesapeake Bay estuary have deteriorated over the past 50 years. As a result, many governmental committees, task forces, and management plans have been established. Most of the recommendations for implementing a bay cleanup focus on reducing sediments and nutrient flow into the watershed. We emphasize that habitat requirements other than water quality are necessary for the recovery of much of the bay's avian wildlife, and we use a waterbird example as illustration. Some of these needs are: (1) protection of fast-eroding islands, or creation of new ones by dredge deposition to improve nesting habitat for American black ducks(Anas rubripes), great blue herons(Ardea herodias), and other associated wading birds; (2) conservation of remaining brackish marshes, especially near riparian areas, for feeding black ducks, wading birds, and wood ducks(Aix sponsa); (3) establishment of sanctuaries in open-water, littoral zones to protect feeding and/or roosting areas for diving ducks such as canvasbacks(Aythya valisineria) and redheads(Aythya americana), and for bald eagles(Haliaeetus leucocephalus); and (4) limitation of disturbance by boaters around nesting islands and open-water feeding areas. Land (or water) protection measures for waterbirds need to include units at several different spatial scales, ranging from ?points? (e.g., a colony site) to large-area resources (e.g., a marsh or tributary for feeding). Planning to conserve large areas of both land and water can be achieved following a biosphere reserve model. Existing interagency committees in the Chesapeake Bay Program could be more effective in developing such a model for wildlife and fisheries resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/bf02393723","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Haramis, G., Krementz, D., and Funderburk, S., 1993, Resource protection for waterbirds in Chesapeake Bay: Environmental Management, v. 17, no. 5, p. 613-619, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02393723.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"619","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.11190558460805,\n 39.97297812871477\n ],\n [\n -78.11190558460805,\n 36.38156142539066\n ],\n [\n -74.88192511585801,\n 36.38156142539066\n ],\n [\n -74.88192511585801,\n 39.97297812871477\n ],\n [\n -78.11190558460805,\n 39.97297812871477\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b003","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Funderburk, S.L.","contributorId":95012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funderburk","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222879,"text":"5222879 - 1993 - Cryopreservation of American kestrel semen with dimethylsulfoxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:41:10","indexId":"5222879","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cryopreservation of American kestrel semen with dimethylsulfoxide","docAbstract":"Semen samples from 15 male American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) were frozen in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The semen was thawed 1-14 mo later and used to inseminate six females during three breeding seasons. Kestrels inseminated with thawed semen containing 4% DMSO produced only infertile eggs (N = 14). Kestrels inseminated with thawed semen containing 6%, 8%, or 10% DMSO produced fertile eggs (N = 14) and live chicks (N = 6). Progressive motility of spermatozoa in thawed semen containing 10% DMSO was less (44 ? 6%) than in thawed semen containing 6% (62 ? 10%) or 8% (61 ? 1%) DMSO.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Gee, G., Morrell, C., Franson, J., and Pattee, O.H., 1993, Cryopreservation of American kestrel semen with dimethylsulfoxide: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 27, no. 1, p. 21-25.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299877,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/53332"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f4b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrell, C.A.","contributorId":35428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrell","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pattee, Oliver H.","contributorId":45412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222844,"text":"5222844 - 1993 - Identifying sex and age of apapane and iiwi on Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"5222844","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying sex and age of apapane and iiwi on Hawaii","docAbstract":"Methods to determine the sex and age of Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) were developed on the basis of 189 museum specimens and 91 live birds captured in mist nets on the Island of Hawaii (USA). Both species retain all juvenal primaries and some juvenal secondaries and body feathers after the first prebasic molt and attain full adult plumage after the second prebasic molt. Apapane in their first basic plumage retain some buff-edged juvenal secondaries (particularly secondaries five and six) and sometimes retain a few gray-brown feathers on the head. The first basic plumage of Iiwi is characterized by secondaries 6-9 being longer and darker than secondaries 1-4 and the presence of a few yellowish juvenal body feathers with black spots at the tips. Adult male Apapane and Iiwi have longer wing, tail, exposed culmen, culmen and tarso-metatarsus lengths than females. Linear discriminant functions are presented to sex adult Apapane and Iiwi from lengths of their wing chord and exposed culmen.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fancy, S., Pratt, T., Lindsey, G., Harada, C., Parent, A., and Jacobi, J., 1993, Identifying sex and age of apapane and iiwi on Hawaii: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 64, no. 2, p. 262-269.","productDescription":"262-269","startPage":"262","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16448,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v064n02/p0262-p0269.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":195990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c73b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fancy, S.G.","contributorId":8957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancy","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindsey, G.D.","contributorId":75648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harada, C.K.","contributorId":30711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harada","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parent, A.H. Jr.","contributorId":54694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parent","given":"A.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jacobi, J.D.","contributorId":13570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5222914,"text":"5222914 - 1993 - Efficiency and optimal allocation in the staggered entry design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:45","indexId":"5222914","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1282,"text":"Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficiency and optimal allocation in the staggered entry design","docAbstract":"The staggered entry design for survival analysis specifies that r left-truncated samples are to be used in estimation of a population survival function. The ith sample is taken at time Bi, from the subpopulation of individuals having survival time exceeding Bi. This paper investigates the performance of the staggered entry design relative to the usual design in which all samples have a common time origin. The staggered entry design is shown to be an attractive alternative, even when not necessitated by logistical constraints. The staggered entry design allows for increased precision in estimation of the right tail of the survival function, especially when some of the data may be censored. A trade-off between the range of values for which the increased precision occurs and the magnitude of the increased precision is demonstrated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/03610929308831033","usgsCitation":"Link, W., 1993, Efficiency and optimal allocation in the staggered entry design: Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, v. 22, no. 2, p. 485-503, https://doi.org/10.1080/03610929308831033.","productDescription":"485-503","startPage":"485","endPage":"503","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16468,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929308831033","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222815,"text":"5222815 - 1993 - Omnidirectional aircraft antennas for aerial telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"5222815","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Omnidirectional aircraft antennas for aerial telemetry","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"McAuley, D., Goldsberry, J., and Longcore, J.R., 1993, Omnidirectional aircraft antennas for aerial telemetry: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 21, no. 4, p. 487-491.","productDescription":"487-491","startPage":"487","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16470,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783424","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691bf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsberry, J.R.","contributorId":33013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsberry","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222921,"text":"5222921 - 1993 - Social foraging classes in raptorial birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-05T14:21:18.664096","indexId":"5222921","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social foraging classes in raptorial birds","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1312102","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., Bednarz, J., Smith, D., and Flemming, S., 1993, Social foraging classes in raptorial birds: BioScience, v. 43, no. 1, p. 14-20, https://doi.org/10.2307/1312102.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5eddc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bednarz, J.C.","contributorId":29535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bednarz","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flemming, S.P.","contributorId":90845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flemming","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223627,"text":"5223627 - 1993 - The tools of the trade--library enhancement in developing countries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-05T14:16:49.153127","indexId":"5223627","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The tools of the trade--library enhancement in developing countries","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1311950","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., Jenkinson, M., and Allen, A., 1993, The tools of the trade--library enhancement in developing countries: BioScience, v. 43, no. 8, p. 556-563, https://doi.org/10.2307/1311950.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"556","endPage":"563","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200080,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a501a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkinson, M.A.","contributorId":19262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkinson","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, A.","contributorId":37035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223072,"text":"5223072 - 1993 - Sex and age identification of palila","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5223072","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex and age identification of palila","docAbstract":"Methods to sex and age Palila (Loxioides bailleui), an endangered Hawaiian finch restricted to subalpine woodlands on Hawai'i, were identified on the basis of measurements and plumage characteristics of 17 museum specimens and 96 known-age, live Palila. Palila undergo a single annual molt during September-December following the breeding season. Presence of a complete or partial wingbar distinguishes hatch-year and second-year Palila from after-second-year birds. Adult male Palila are distinguished from females by a distinct napeline and lt 30% gray feathers intermixed with yellow feathers on the head. The black or gray feathers of the lores and chin of males are darker than those on the back, whereas the lores and chin of females are lighter or of the same shade as back feathers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Jeffrey, J., Fancy, S., Lindsey, G., Banko, P., Pratt, T., and Jacobi, J., 1993, Sex and age identification of palila: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 64, no. 4, p. 490-499.","productDescription":"490-499","startPage":"490","endPage":"499","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16467,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v064n04/p0490-p0499.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":199780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4ac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeffrey, J.J.","contributorId":46646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffrey","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fancy, S.G.","contributorId":8957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancy","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindsey, G.D.","contributorId":75648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banko, P.C. 0000-0002-6035-9803","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":99531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jacobi, J.D.","contributorId":13570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5223662,"text":"5223662 - 1993 - A new species of a giant Thomasomys (Mammalia, Muridae, Sigmodontinae) from the Andes of north-central Per?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223662","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new species of a giant Thomasomys (Mammalia, Muridae, Sigmodontinae) from the Andes of north-central Per?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Leo, L., and Gardner, A.L., 1993, A new species of a giant Thomasomys (Mammalia, Muridae, Sigmodontinae) from the Andes of north-central Per?: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 106, p. 417-428.","productDescription":"417-428","startPage":"417","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6aba82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leo, L.M.","contributorId":52837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leo","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, A. L.","contributorId":97213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"A.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222920,"text":"5222920 - 1993 - Survey and evaluation of contaminants in earthworms and in soils derived from dredged material at confined disposal facilities in the Great Lakes region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T17:40:30.163228","indexId":"5222920","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey and evaluation of contaminants in earthworms and in soils derived from dredged material at confined disposal facilities in the Great Lakes region","docAbstract":"Soils derived from dredged material were collected, together with earthworms from nine confined disposal facilities located in the Great Lakes Region. These samples were analyzed for 18 elements, 11 organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and 24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The concentrations detected in earthworms were evaluated in terms of their potential hazard to wildlife, which for the sake of the evaluation were assumed to prey entirely either on earthworms or on other soil invertebrates having similar concentrations. The soil concentrations (dry wt.) of the contaminants of greatest concern were <1.9 to 32 ppm Cd, <0.053 to 0.94 ppm Hg, 4.6 to 550 ppm Pb, and <0.1 to 1.0 ppm PCBs. The concentrations in earthworms (dry wt., ingested soil included) were as high as 91 ppm Cd, 1.6 ppm Hg, 200 ppm Pb, and 1.8 ppm PCBs. Based on laboratory toxicity studies of relatively sensitive species, and on concentration factors calculated from the earthworm and soil data, we estimated that lethal or serious sublethal effects on wildlife might be expected at concentrations of 10 ppm Cd, 3 ppm Hg, 670 ppm Pb, and 1.7 ppm PCBs in alkaline surface soils derived from dredged material. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in earthworms were well below those in soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00547984","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., and Stafford, C., 1993, Survey and evaluation of contaminants in earthworms and in soils derived from dredged material at confined disposal facilities in the Great Lakes region: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 24, no. 2, p. 151-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00547984.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68880c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stafford, C.","contributorId":66367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223586,"text":"5223586 - 1993 - Hooded merganser breeds in northern Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:36","indexId":"5223586","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3236,"text":"Raven","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hooded merganser breeds in northern Virginia","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raven","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., and Melvin, D., 1993, Hooded merganser breeds in northern Virginia: Raven, v. 64, no. 2, p. 71-73.","productDescription":"71-73","startPage":"71","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62be41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melvin, D.A.","contributorId":35855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melvin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223585,"text":"5223585 - 1993 - Nesting season, nest sites, and clutch sizes of crows in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:36","indexId":"5223585","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3236,"text":"Raven","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting season, nest sites, and clutch sizes of crows in Virginia","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raven","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., and Banks, R., 1993, Nesting season, nest sites, and clutch sizes of crows in Virginia: Raven, v. 64, no. 2, p. 90-98.","productDescription":"90-98","startPage":"90","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222805,"text":"5222805 - 1993 - Predicting the distribution of breeding forest birds in a fragmented landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5222805","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the distribution of breeding forest birds in a fragmented landscape","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D., Darr, L., and Robbins, C., 1993, Predicting the distribution of breeding forest birds in a fragmented landscape: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 58, p. 35-43.","productDescription":"35-43","startPage":"35","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e82c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darr, L.J.","contributorId":83636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darr","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222650,"text":"5222650 - 1993 - Satellite telemetry options for avian research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:41","indexId":"5222650","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite telemetry options for avian research","docAbstract":"Four manufacturers now produce transmitters in the size range suitable for raptors (3-5% of body mass). Dummies of these transmitters will be displayed and harnessing techniques will be demonstrated. Estimates will be given for: cost, reliability, longevity, mass, availability, programmability, power output and other information essential in deciding on manufacturer and model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Abstracts of presentations made at the annual meeting of the Raptor Research Foundation, Inc., held at Bellevue, Washington, on 11-15 November 1992","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., and Fuller, M., 1993, Satellite telemetry options for avian research: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 27, no. 1.","productDescription":"87 (abstract)","startPage":"87 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16430,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/jrr/v027n01/p00053-p00096.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":194297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e73b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223533,"text":"5223533 - 1993 - Type specimens and basic principles of avian taxonomy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T09:29:47","indexId":"5223533","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Type specimens and basic principles of avian taxonomy","docAbstract":"\"Ornithology\" may be defined as the scientific study of birds. No aspect of avian biology, including management and conservation, can be carried out without reference by name to birds at some taxonomic level. Thus, the names of species of birds, and of groups of species, can fairly be considered to be of primary importance in ornithology. To be useful, these names themselves must be defined and related to biological entities. The definition of a name is accomplished by the designation of a \"type.\" The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, in paragraph (C) of Article 72 (third edition, 1985), establishes criteria for eligibility of a name-bearing type. The type of a species or sub-species name is the biological specimen defined by the name, and later use of the name implies specific or subspecific identity with the type. It is imperative, therefore, that a type be available for study and comparison so that the identity of other material with it can be established.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Banks, R.C., Goodman, S.M., Lanyon, S.M., and Schulenberg, T.S., 1993, Type specimens and basic principles of avian taxonomy: The Auk, v. 110, no. 2, p. 413-414.","productDescription":"2 p","startPage":"413","endPage":"414","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16436,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4088578"},{"id":201895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623874","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":102933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodman, Steven M.","contributorId":44648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27255,"text":"Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanyon, Scott M.","contributorId":42330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanyon","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33399,"text":"Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, St. Paul MN","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":27255,"text":"Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schulenberg, Thomas S.","contributorId":113208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulenberg","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222829,"text":"5222829 - 1993 - Effects of acidification on metal accumulation by aquatic plants and invertebrates. 2. Wetlands, ponds and small lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T15:13:48.449121","indexId":"5222829","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of acidification on metal accumulation by aquatic plants and invertebrates. 2. Wetlands, ponds and small lakes","docAbstract":"Compared were concentrations of Al, Cd, Ca, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Ni, P, and Zn in water, plants, and aquatic invertebrates of wetlands, ponds, and small lakes in Maryland and Maine. The accumulation of metals by aquatic plants and insects and the concentration of metals in water were not greatly affected by pH. None of the metal concentrations in water significantly correlated with metals in insects. Plant metal concentrations poorly correlated with metal concentrations in water. Concentrations of metals exceeded acceptable dietary levels more frequently in plants than in invertebrates. Concerns about metal toxicity in birds that feed on invertebrates and plants from acidified waters seem to be unwarranted. Positive correlations among pH, Ca in water, Ca in insects, and Ca in plants imply that acidification can reduce the Ca content of aquatic biota. Aquatic insects were low in Ca, but crayfishes and snails, which are adversely affected by low pH, were very high. A concern for waterfowl is Ca deprivation from decreased Ca availability in low-pH wetlands, ponds, and small lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620120603","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., and Camardese, M., 1993, Effects of acidification on metal accumulation by aquatic plants and invertebrates. 2. Wetlands, ponds and small lakes: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 12, no. 6, p. 969-976, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120603.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"976","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199527,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62462d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camardese, M.B.","contributorId":106591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camardese","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222808,"text":"5222808 - 1993 - Wolverine specimen from south-central Washington state","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"5222808","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wolverine specimen from south-central Washington state","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Fitzner, L., and Fitzner, R.E., 1993, Wolverine specimen from south-central Washington state: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 74, no. 1.","productDescription":"22","startPage":"22","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16439,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3536578","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df94e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. 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E.","contributorId":107242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222816,"text":"5222816 - 1993 - Capture-recapture studies for multiple strata including non-markovian transitions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:34:41.59449","indexId":"5222816","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture-recapture studies for multiple strata including non-markovian transitions","docAbstract":"We consider capture-recapture studies where release and recapture data are available from each of a number of strata on every capture occasion. Strata may, for example, be geographic locations or physiological states. Movement of animals among strata occurs with unknown probabilities, and estimation of these unknown transition probabilities is the objective. We describe a computer routine for carrying out the analysis under a model that assumes Markovian transitions and under reduced parameter versions of this model. We also introduce models that relax the Markovian assumption and allow 'memory' to operate (i.e., allow dependence of the transition probabilities on the previous state). For these models, we sugg st an analysis based on a conditional likelihood approach. Methods are illustrated with data from a large study on Canada geese (Branta canadensis) banded in three geographic regions. The assumption of Markovian transitions is rejected convincingly for these data, emphasizing the importance of the more general models that allow memory.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2532259","usgsCitation":"Brownie, C., Hines, J., Nichols, J., Pollock, K.H., and Hestbeck, J., 1993, Capture-recapture studies for multiple strata including non-markovian transitions: Biometrics, v. 49, no. 4, p. 1173-1187, https://doi.org/10.2307/2532259.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1173","endPage":"1187","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198020,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5c35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hestbeck, J.B.","contributorId":107802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hestbeck","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222789,"text":"5222789 - 1993 - Nests and eggs of colonial birds nesting in Malheur Lake, Oregon, with notes on DDE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5222789","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nests and eggs of colonial birds nesting in Malheur Lake, Oregon, with notes on DDE","docAbstract":"We describe the nests and eggs of 7 species of colonial birds that nested on Malheur Lake in Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon, in 1980 and 1981. All nests were constructed over water in stands of hardstem bulrush (Scirpus acutus). We compared nest measurements among species and found significant differences. Nest size was highly correlated with bird body mass. The heavier the bird, the larger the nest and the higher the nest crown was above water. Egg volume was also highly correlated with body mass. We found evidence of shell thinning and DDE residues in great egret eggs and low levels of pesticide residues in eggs of Franklin's Gull. We summarize all available DDE and shell thickness data from colonial bird eggs collected from Malheur Lake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cornely, J., Thompson, S., Henny, C.J., and Littlefield, C., 1993, Nests and eggs of colonial birds nesting in Malheur Lake, Oregon, with notes on DDE: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 74, no. 2, p. 41-48.","productDescription":"41-48","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16442,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3536792","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697bdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornely, J.E.","contributorId":83865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornely","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, S.P.","contributorId":66731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Littlefield, C.D.","contributorId":87254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littlefield","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222831,"text":"5222831 - 1993 - Effects of acidification on metal accumulation by aquatic plants and invertebrates. 1. Constructed wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T15:11:50.808307","indexId":"5222831","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of acidification on metal accumulation by aquatic plants and invertebrates. 1. Constructed wetlands","docAbstract":"Compared were concentrations of Al, Cd, Ca, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, and Zn in water, plants, and aquatic insects of three acidified (pH ∼ 5.0) and three nonacidified (pH ˜ 6.5) constructed wetlands. Concentrations of Zn in water and bur-reed (Sparganium americanum) were higher in acidified wetlands than in nonacidified wetlands. Floating nonrooted plants contained mean concentrations of Fe, Mg, and Mn that were higher than recommended maximum levels for poultry feed. The mean concentrations of all metals in insects were below recommended maximum levels for poultry feed and below levels that cause toxic effects in wild birds. Smaller than expected increases of metal concentrations in the water of acidified wetlands were probably due to limited mobilization of metals from the sediments and insignificant changes in sedimentation of aqueous metals. Calcium was lower in acidified than in nonacidified wetland water, but the Ca content of insects and bur-reed was not lower. Low concentrations of Ca in aquatic insects from both groups of wetlands indicate that calcium-rich crustaceans and mollusks are probably important to female waterfowl and their young during the spring, when invertebrates make up the majority of the diet. Although toxic effects from metal ingestion seem to be unlikely consequences of wetland acidification, the adverse effect of low pH on the occurrence of crustaceans and mollusks could threaten egg production and development of young.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620120602","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., and Camardese, M., 1993, Effects of acidification on metal accumulation by aquatic plants and invertebrates. 1. Constructed wetlands: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 12, no. 6, p. 959-967, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120602.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"967","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camardese, M.B.","contributorId":106591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camardese","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}