Soils derived from dredged material were collected, together with earthworms from nine confined disposal facilities located in the Great Lakes Region. These samples were analyzed for 18 elements, 11 organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and 24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The concentrations detected in earthworms were evaluated in terms of their potential hazard to wildlife, which for the sake of the evaluation were assumed to prey entirely either on earthworms or on other soil invertebrates having similar concentrations. The soil concentrations (dry wt.) of the contaminants of greatest concern were <1.9 to 32 ppm Cd, <0.053 to 0.94 ppm Hg, 4.6 to 550 ppm Pb, and <0.1 to 1.0 ppm PCBs. The concentrations in earthworms (dry wt., ingested soil included) were as high as 91 ppm Cd, 1.6 ppm Hg, 200 ppm Pb, and 1.8 ppm PCBs. Based on laboratory toxicity studies of relatively sensitive species, and on concentration factors calculated from the earthworm and soil data, we estimated that lethal or serious sublethal effects on wildlife might be expected at concentrations of 10 ppm Cd, 3 ppm Hg, 670 ppm Pb, and 1.7 ppm PCBs in alkaline surface soils derived from dredged material. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in earthworms were well below those in soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00547984","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., and Stafford, C., 1993, Survey and evaluation of contaminants in earthworms and in soils derived from dredged material at confined disposal facilities in the Great Lakes region: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 24, no. 2, p. 151-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00547984.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68880c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stafford, C.","contributorId":66367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222650,"text":"5222650 - 1993 - Satellite telemetry options for avian research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:41","indexId":"5222650","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite telemetry options for avian research","docAbstract":"Four manufacturers now produce transmitters in the size range suitable for raptors (3-5% of body mass). Dummies of these transmitters will be displayed and harnessing techniques will be demonstrated. Estimates will be given for: cost, reliability, longevity, mass, availability, programmability, power output and other information essential in deciding on manufacturer and model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Abstracts of presentations made at the annual meeting of the Raptor Research Foundation, Inc., held at Bellevue, Washington, on 11-15 November 1992","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., and Fuller, M., 1993, Satellite telemetry options for avian research: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 27, no. 1.","productDescription":"87 (abstract)","startPage":"87 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16430,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/jrr/v027n01/p00053-p00096.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":194297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e73b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222651,"text":"5222651 - 1993 - Telemetry via satellites for raptor studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:40","indexId":"5222651","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Telemetry via satellites for raptor studies","docAbstract":"Monitoring animal movements by satellite was first ac complished in 1970 with an elk in Wyoming. The large size of early transmitter packages restricted their use to very large animals. Miniaturization of electronic components in the 1980s allowed application of satellite telemetry to large birds. Satellite transmitters have been tested with mixed results on geese, swans, petrels, bustards, eagles, and falcons. Dramatic weight reduction in the 1980s was quickly followed by tests of a variety of transmitter shapes on captive birds. Research on attachment methods helped in selecting those methods least likely to elicit adverse behavior. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to produce more aerodynamically efficient PTT designs. Recently, the utility of satellite tracking has been demonstrated in studies of wandering albatrosses in the Indian Ocean, migrating Bewick's swans, bald eagles, and golden eagles. Two other studies demonstrated the feasibility of tracking cranes by satellite. The types of information from these techniques will be presented and cross-referenced to a poster display and demonstration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Abstracts of presentations made at the annual meeting of the Raptor Research Foundation, Inc., held at Bellevue, Washington, on 11-15 November 1992","usgsCitation":"Fuller, M., Ellis, D.H., and Klugman, S., 1993, Telemetry via satellites for raptor studies: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 27, no. 1.","productDescription":"70 (abstract)","startPage":"70 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16431,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/jrr/v027n01/p00053-p00096.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klugman, S.S.","contributorId":69667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klugman","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223583,"text":"5223583 - 1993 - Nestling eastern phoebes entangled in fishing line","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:36","indexId":"5223583","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3236,"text":"Raven","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nestling eastern phoebes entangled in fishing line","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raven","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1993, Nestling eastern phoebes entangled in fishing line: Raven, v. 64, no. 1, p. 21-22.","productDescription":"21-22","startPage":"21","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697be7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223531,"text":"5223531 - 1993 - The generic name of the crested argus, Rheinardia ocellata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223531","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1690,"text":"Forktail","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The generic name of the crested argus, Rheinardia ocellata","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forktail","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., 1993, The generic name of the crested argus, Rheinardia ocellata: Forktail, v. 8, p. 3-6.","productDescription":"3-6","startPage":"3","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223582,"text":"5223582 - 1993 - Runt eggs in a house wren","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223582","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3236,"text":"Raven","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Runt eggs in a house wren","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raven","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1993, Runt eggs in a house wren: Raven, v. 64, no. 2, p. 99-102.","productDescription":"99-102","startPage":"99","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223581,"text":"5223581 - 1993 - Eastern phoebes lay eggs in more than one nest-cup","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223581","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3236,"text":"Raven","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eastern phoebes lay eggs in more than one nest-cup","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raven","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1993, Eastern phoebes lay eggs in more than one nest-cup: Raven, v. 64, no. 2, p. 84-87.","productDescription":"84-87","startPage":"84","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222831,"text":"5222831 - 1993 - Effects of acidification on metal accumulation by aquatic plants and invertebrates. 1. Constructed wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T15:11:50.808307","indexId":"5222831","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of acidification on metal accumulation by aquatic plants and invertebrates. 1. Constructed wetlands","docAbstract":"Compared were concentrations of Al, Cd, Ca, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, and Zn in water, plants, and aquatic insects of three acidified (pH ∼ 5.0) and three nonacidified (pH ˜ 6.5) constructed wetlands. Concentrations of Zn in water and bur-reed (Sparganium americanum) were higher in acidified wetlands than in nonacidified wetlands. Floating nonrooted plants contained mean concentrations of Fe, Mg, and Mn that were higher than recommended maximum levels for poultry feed. The mean concentrations of all metals in insects were below recommended maximum levels for poultry feed and below levels that cause toxic effects in wild birds. Smaller than expected increases of metal concentrations in the water of acidified wetlands were probably due to limited mobilization of metals from the sediments and insignificant changes in sedimentation of aqueous metals. Calcium was lower in acidified than in nonacidified wetland water, but the Ca content of insects and bur-reed was not lower. Low concentrations of Ca in aquatic insects from both groups of wetlands indicate that calcium-rich crustaceans and mollusks are probably important to female waterfowl and their young during the spring, when invertebrates make up the majority of the diet. Although toxic effects from metal ingestion seem to be unlikely consequences of wetland acidification, the adverse effect of low pH on the occurrence of crustaceans and mollusks could threaten egg production and development of young.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620120602","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., and Camardese, M., 1993, Effects of acidification on metal accumulation by aquatic plants and invertebrates. 1. Constructed wetlands: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 12, no. 6, p. 959-967, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120602.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"967","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camardese, M.B.","contributorId":106591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camardese","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223709,"text":"5223709 - 1993 - Ontogenetic changes in habitat use by juvenile turtles (Chelydra serpentina and Chrysemys picta)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T01:12:27.429762","indexId":"5223709","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenetic changes in habitat use by juvenile turtles (Chelydra serpentina and Chrysemys picta)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Congdon, J., Gotte, S., and McDiarmid, R., 1993, Ontogenetic changes in habitat use by juvenile turtles (Chelydra serpentina and Chrysemys picta): Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 106, p. 241-248.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422547,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/356936"},{"id":199750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db691926","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Congdon, J.D.","contributorId":15156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congdon","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gotte, S.W.","contributorId":69096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotte","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223253,"text":"5223253 - 1993 - Horse impacts: research findings and their implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223253","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:12:56","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2693,"text":"Master Network","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Horse impacts: research findings and their implications","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Master Network","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"see also Widner, C. and J.L. Marion. 1994. Horse impacts: research findings and their implications. Master Network 2(6):5-6.","usgsCitation":"Widner, C., and Marion, J., 1993, Horse impacts: research findings and their implications: Master Network, v. 1, no. 5.","startPage":"5, 14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69635d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Widner, C.","contributorId":93162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widner","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222686,"text":"5222686 - 1993 - Down-regulation of muscarinic receptors and the m3 subtype in white-footed mice by dietary exposure to parathion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:13:23","indexId":"5222686","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Down-regulation of muscarinic receptors and the m3 subtype in white-footed mice by dietary exposure to parathion","docAbstract":"The effect of ad libitum dietary exposure (as occurs in the field) to parathion for 14 d was investigated on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) in brains and submaxillary glands of adults of a field species, the white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus. Immunoprecipitation using subtype selective antibodies revealed that the relative ratios of the m1-m5 mAChR subtypes in Peromyscus brain were similar to those in rat brain. There was little variability in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in control mice brains but large variability in 39 exposed mice, resulting from differences in food ingestion and parathion metabolism. Accordingly, data on radioligand binding to mAChRs in each mouse brain were correlated with brain AChE activity in the same mouse, and AChE inhibition served as a biomarker of exposure reflecting in situ paraoxon concentrations. Exposure to parathion for 14 d reduced maximal binding (Bmax) of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB), [3H]-N-methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS), and [3H]-4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide ([3H]-4-DAMP) by up to approximately 58% without affecting receptor affinities for these ligands. Maximal reduction in Bmax of [3H]QNB and [3H]-4-DAMP binding occurred in mice with highest AChE inhibition, while equivalent maximal reduction in Bmax of [3H]NMS occurred in mice with only approximately 10% AChE inhibition, without further change at higher parathion doses. This is believed to be due to the hydrophilicity of [3H]NMS, which limits its accessibility to internalized desensitized receptors. In submaxillary glands (mAChRs are predominantly m3 subtype), there were significant dose-dependent reductions in [3H]QNB binding and m3 mRNA levels in exposed mice, revealed by Northern blot analyses. The reduction in m3 receptors is suggested to result mostly from reduced synthesis at the transcription level, rather than from translational or posttranslational events. The data suggest that down-regulation of mAChRs occurs after dietary exposure for 14 d to sublethal concentrations of parathion in a field rodent species, and that significant though incomplete recovery in AChE and mAChRs occurs in 7 d following termination of exposure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287399309531760","usgsCitation":"Jett, D.A., Hill, E.F., Fernando, J., Eldefrawi, M., and Eldefrawi, A., 1993, Down-regulation of muscarinic receptors and the m3 subtype in white-footed mice by dietary exposure to parathion: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 39, no. 3, p. 395-415, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287399309531760.","productDescription":"395-415","startPage":"395","endPage":"415","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269444,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287399309531760"},{"id":193794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63602b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jett, David A.","contributorId":66366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jett","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fernando, J.C.","contributorId":65183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernando","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eldefrawi, M.E.","contributorId":81204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eldefrawi","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eldefrawi, A.T.","contributorId":63111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eldefrawi","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018401,"text":"70018401 - 1993 - Turbidite systems: State of the art and future directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T16:17:52.788405","indexId":"70018401","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbidite systems: State of the art and future directions","docAbstract":"The study of turbidite systems covering a wide range of physical scales has led to confus ion regarding the use of certain key terms and hence a breakdown in communication between workers involved in turbidite research. There are three fundamentally different scales and types of observations derived from the study of outcrop data (ancient systems), high-resolution seismic reflection and side scan sonar data (modern systems), and multichannel seismic reflection data (modern and older buried systems). Despite the variability of scale the same terms are used to describe features that may have little in common. Consequently, turbidite system terminology has become imprecise and even misleading in some cases, thus providing impediments to developing useful predictive models for processes, depositional environments, and lateral and vertical distribution of sand bodies within turbidite systems. To address this concern, we review the principal elements critical to deepwater systems: slump scars, submarine canyons, channels, channel fill deposits, overbank deposits, and lobes and discuss some of their recognition criteria with each different type of data base. Local and regional tectonic setting, relative sea level variations, and bottom current activity are probably the main factors that control size, external geometry, internal stratal configuration, and facies characteristics of both modern and ancient turbidite systems. These factors ultimately control the timing and bounding characteristics between stages of growth of deepwater systems. If comparison of elements from different turbidite deposits using various data types is carried out at similar physical and temporal scales, predictive models eventually may be improved.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93RG02832","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., Posamentier, H., and Mutti, E., 1993, Turbidite systems: State of the art and future directions: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 31, no. 2, p. 91-116, https://doi.org/10.1029/93RG02832.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"116","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8ede4b08c986b327b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Posamentier, H.","contributorId":61585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Posamentier","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mutti, E.","contributorId":86088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mutti","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018023,"text":"70018023 - 1993 - Two major Cenozoic episodes of phosphogenesis recorded in equatorial Pacific seamount deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T15:52:35.572159","indexId":"70018023","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two major Cenozoic episodes of phosphogenesis recorded in equatorial Pacific seamount deposits","docAbstract":"Seamount phosphorites have been recognized since the 1950s, but this is the first study to provide an in depth exploration of the origin and history of these widespread deposits. Representative samples from equatorial Pacific Cretaceous seamounts were analyzed for chemical, mineralogical, and stable isotope compositions. The phosphorites occur in a wide variety of forms, but most commonly carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) replaced middle Eocene and older carbonate sediment in a deep water environment (>1000 m). Element ratios distinguish seamount phosphorites from continental margin, plateau, and insular phosphorites. Uranium and thorium contents are low and total rare earth element (REE) contents are generally high. REE ratios and shale-normalized patterns demonstrate that the REEs and host CFA were derived from seawater. Strontium isotopic compositions compared with inferred Cenozoic seawater curves define two major episodes of Cenozoic phosphatization: Late Eocene/early Oligocene (39–34 Ma) and late Oligocene/early Miocene (27–21 Ma); three minor events are also indicated. The major episodes occurred at times of climate transition, the first from a nonglacial to glacial earth and the second from a predominantly glacial to warm earth. The paleoceanographic conditions that existed at those times initiated and sustained development of phosphorite by accumulation of dissolved phosphorus in the deep sea during relatively stable climatic conditions when oceanic circulation was sluggish. Fluctuations in climate, sealevel, and upwelling that accompanied the climate transitions may have driven cycles of enrichment and depletion of the deep-sea phosphorus reservoir. As temperature gradients in the oceans increased, Antarctic glaciation expanded and oceanic circulation and upwelling intensified. Expansion and intensification of the oxygen minimum zone may have increased the capacity for midwater storage of phosphorus supplied by dynamic upwelling around seamounts; however, the bottom waters never became anoxic during the phosphogenic episodes. Fluctuations in the CCD and lysocline, CO2 fluxes, and changes in bottom water circulation and temperatures may have bathed the seamount carbonates in more corrosive waters which, coupled with increased supplies of dissolved phosphorus, promoted replacement processes. The late Eocene/early Oligocene phosphogenic episode recorded in seamount deposits is not matched by large phosphorite deposits in the geologic record, whereas the late Oligocene/early Miocene episode and middle Miocene event are matched by large deposits distributed globally. The seamount phosphorites are exposed at the surface of the seamounts and have been for most of the Neogene and Oligocene. The phosphorites do not show signs of etching that would indicate substantial undersaturation of seawater phosphate with respect to CFA. Mass balance calculations indicate that about 5.4–19 × 1012 g of P2O5 are locked up in equatorial Pacific seamount phosphorites. That amount is equivalent to about 2-7 years of the present annual input from rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93PA00320","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Hsueh-Wen, Y., Gunn, S., Sliter, W., Benninger, L., and Chung-Ho, W., 1993, Two major Cenozoic episodes of phosphogenesis recorded in equatorial Pacific seamount deposits: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 8, no. 2, p. 293-311, https://doi.org/10.1029/93PA00320.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"311","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228458,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb958e4b08c986b327bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsueh-Wen, Yeh","contributorId":75811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsueh-Wen","given":"Yeh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gunn, S.H.","contributorId":65236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunn","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sliter, W.V.","contributorId":38997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"W.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benninger, L.M.","contributorId":34930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benninger","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chung-Ho, Wang","contributorId":82982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung-Ho","given":"Wang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156924,"text":"70156924 - 1993 - Spring climate and salinity in the San Francisco Bay Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:43:33.955176","indexId":"70156924","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring climate and salinity in the San Francisco Bay Estuary","docAbstract":"Salinity in the San Francisco Bay Estuary almost always experiences its yearly maximum during late summer, but climate variability produces marked interannual variations. The atmospheric circulation pattern impacts the estuary primarily through variations of runoff from rainfall and snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada and, secondarily, through variations in the near-surface salinity in the coastal ocean. While winter precipitation is the primary influence upon salinity in the estuary, spring climate variations also contribute importantly to salinity fluctuations. Spring atmospheric circulation influences both the magnitude and the timing of freshwater flows, through anomalies of precipitation and temperature. To help discriminate between the effects of these two influences, the record is divided into subsets according to whether spring conditions in the region are cool and wet, warm and wet, cool and dry, or warm and dry. Warm springs promote early snowmelt-driven flows, and cool springs result in delayed flows. In addition to effects of winter and spring climate variability operating on the watershed, there are more subtle effects that are transmitted into the estuary from the coastal ocean. These influences are most pronounced in cool and dry springs with high surface salinity (SS) in the coastal ocean versus cool and wet springs with low SS in the coastal ocean. A transect of SS records at stations from the mouth to the head of the bay suggests that the coastal ocean anomaly signal is attenuated from the mouth to the interior of the estuary. In contrast, a delayed, postsummer signal caused by winter and spring runoff variations from the upstream watershed are most pronounced at the head of the estuary and attenuate toward the mouth.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR02152","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D.R., and Peterson, D., 1993, Spring climate and salinity in the San Francisco Bay Estuary: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 2, p. 293-303, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR02152.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"303","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.52777099609375,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -122.52777099609375,\n 38.171273439283084\n ],\n [\n -121.90155029296875,\n 38.171273439283084\n ],\n [\n -121.90155029296875,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -122.52777099609375,\n 37.41816326969145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6fee4b058f706e53ea8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, David H.","contributorId":82776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5230239,"text":"5230239 - 1993 - Point counts of birds in bottomland hardwood forests of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: Duration, minimal sample size, and points versus visits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T13:31:32","indexId":"5230239","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":73,"text":"Research Paper","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"SO-274","title":"Point counts of birds in bottomland hardwood forests of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: Duration, minimal sample size, and points versus visits","docAbstract":"The purpose of the research was to evaluate the efficacy of point count surveys in bottomland hardwood forests. The specific objectives were to determine: (1) whether the recommended distance measures for point count circular plots are useful in bottomland hardwood forests, (2) the optimum duration for each point count, (3) the optimum number of points to sample at each locality, (4) the optimum number of counts at each point during a season, and (5) the minimum sample size to accommodate the variation in bird species distribution and relative abundance throughout the lower MAV.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Smith, W., Twedt, D., Wiedenfeld, D., Hamel, P., Ford, R., and Cooper, R., 1993, Point counts of birds in bottomland hardwood forests of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: Duration, minimal sample size, and points versus visits: Research Paper SO-274, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94234,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/rp/rp_so274.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, W.P.","contributorId":97217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiedenfeld, D.A.","contributorId":25518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiedenfeld","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamel, P.B.","contributorId":88444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamel","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ford, R.P.","contributorId":30325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5200173,"text":"5200173 - 1993 - Population and habitat assessment for spruce grouse in Acadia National Park and on Mount Desert Island, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5200173","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NAROSS/NRTR-94/23.","title":"Population and habitat assessment for spruce grouse in Acadia National Park and on Mount Desert Island, Maine","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service, New England System Support Office","publisherLocation":"Boston, Ma.","collaboration":"OCLC: 52848285","usgsCitation":"Whitcomb, S., Servello, F.A., and O'Connell, A., 1993, Population and habitat assessment for spruce grouse in Acadia National Park and on Mount Desert Island, Maine: Technical Report NPS/NAROSS/NRTR-94/23., iii, 47 .","productDescription":"iii, 47 ","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitcomb, S.D.","contributorId":91596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitcomb","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servello, F. A.","contributorId":7804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servello","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Connell, A.F. Jr. 0000-0001-7032-7023","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7023","contributorId":24055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell","given":"A.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5200116,"text":"5200116 - 1993 - Zinc Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:48:33","indexId":"5200116","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 26 ; Biological Report 10.","title":"Zinc Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1993, Zinc Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 26 ; Biological Report 10., iv, 106.","productDescription":"iv, 106","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91940,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_26_Zinc.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de00a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230221,"text":"5230221 - 1993 - Proceedings of the Eighth American Woodcock Symposium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5230221","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Proceedings of the Eighth American Woodcock Symposium","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"DTIC Accession Number: ADA323517 4448_Longcore.pdf 10MB","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., and Sepik, G., 1993, Proceedings of the Eighth American Woodcock Symposium: Biological Report 16, vi, 139.","productDescription":"vi, 139","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92166,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.archive.org/details/ProceedingsOfTheEighthAmericanWoodcockSymposium","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5230236,"text":"5230236 - 1993 - Habitat suitability index model for brook trout in streams of the Southern Blue Ridge Province: Surrogate variables, model evaluation, and suggested improvements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:19:33","indexId":"5230236","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"No. 18","title":"Habitat suitability index model for brook trout in streams of the Southern Blue Ridge Province: Surrogate variables, model evaluation, and suggested improvements","docAbstract":"Data from several sources were collated and analyzed by correlation, regression, and principal components analysis to define surrrogate variables for use in the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) habitat suitability index (HSI) model, and to evaluate the applicability of the model for assessing habitat in high elevation streams of the southern Blue Ridge Province (SBRP). In all data sets examined, pH and alkalinity were highly correlated, and both declined with increasing elevation; however, the magnitude of the decline varied with underlying rock formations and other factors, thereby restricting the utility of elevation as a surrogate for pH. In the data sets that contained biological information, brook trout abundance (as biomass, density, or both) tended to increase with elevation and decrease with the abundance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and was not significantly correlated (P >0.05) with the abundance of most benthic macroinvertebrate taxa normally construed as important in the diet of brook trout. Using multiple linear regression, the authors formulated an alternative HSI model A? based on point estimates of gradient, pH, elevation, stream width, and rainbow trout density A? which explained 40 to 50 percent of the variance in brook trout density in 256 stream reaches. Although logically developed, the present U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service HSI model, proposed in 1982, seems deficient in several areas, especially when applied to SBRP streams. The authors recommend that the water quality component in the model be updated and reevaluated, focusing on the differential sensitivities of each life stage, the stochastic nature of the water quality variables, and the possible existence of habitat requirements that differ among brook trout strains.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C., Lemly, A., and Winger, P.V., 1993, Habitat suitability index model for brook trout in streams of the Southern Blue Ridge Province: Surrogate variables, model evaluation, and suggested improvements: Biological Report No. 18, iii, 43 p.","productDescription":"iii, 43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64862c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemly, A.D.","contributorId":40323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemly","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5200193,"text":"5200193 - 1993 - Birds of prey in Virginia, an addendum to specimen records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5200193","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":232,"text":"Virginia Avifauna","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 5.","title":"Birds of prey in Virginia, an addendum to specimen records","language":"English","publisher":"Virginia Society of Ornithology","publisherLocation":"Gloucester, VA","usgsCitation":"Johnston, D., and Clapp, R.B., 1993, Birds of prey in Virginia, an addendum to specimen records: Virginia Avifauna No. 5., 26.","productDescription":"26","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db611f9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, D.W.","contributorId":36646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200127,"text":"5200127 - 1993 - Acidic Depositions: Effects on Wildlife and Habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5200127","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":101,"text":"Wildlife Society Technical Review","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"93-1.","title":"Acidic Depositions: Effects on Wildlife and Habitats","docAbstract":"The phenomenon of 'acid rain' is not new; it was recognized in the mid-1800s in industrialized Europe. In the 1960s a synthesis of information about acidification began in Europe, along with predictions of ecological effects. In the U.S. studies of acidification began in the 1920s. By the late 1970s research efforts in the U.S. and Canada were better coordinated and in 1980 a 10-year research program was undertaken through the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Plan (NAPAP) to determine the causes and consequences of acidic depositions. Much of the bedrock in the northeastern U.S. and Canada contains total alkalinity of <200 ?eq 1-1, thus, it lacks acid-neutralizing capacity. In the U.S. about 5% of the land area and in Canada about 43 % of the land area is sensitive to acidic depositions. Further, these areas receive >20 kg/ha/yr of wet sulphate depositions and are vulnerable to acidifying processes. Acidic depositions contribute directly to acidifying processes of soil and soil water. Soils must have sufficient acid-neutralizing capacity or acidity of soil will increase. Natural soil-forming processes that lead to acidification can be accelerated by acidic depositions. Long-term effects of acidification are predicted, which will reduce soil productivity mainly through reduced availability of nutrients and mobilization of toxic metals. Severe effects may lead to major alteration of soil chemistry, soil biota, and even loss of vegetation. Several species of earthworms and several other taxa of soil-inhabiting invertebrates, which are important food of many vertebrate wildlife species, are affected by low pH in soil. Loss of canopy in declining sugar maples results in loss of insects fed on by certain neotropical migrant bird species. No definitive studies categorically link atmospheric acidic depositions with direct or indirect effects on wild mammals. Researchers have concentrated on vegetative and aquatic effects. Circumstantial evidence suggests that effects are probable for certain species of aquatic-dependent mammals (water shrew, mink, and otter) and that these species are at risk from the loss of foods or contamination of these foods by metals, especially methylmercury. Continued acidification of terrestrial habitats, to the extent that earthworm populations are broadly reduced, might expose some fossorial mammalian species to risk because of decline in their major prey species. Acidic deposition affects primarily aquatic habitats of avian species by disrupting food webs (ecological effects) and increasing amounts of available heavy metals (mercury, aluminum, cadmium) in prey of avian species (toxicological effects). The ecological effects of acidifying wetlands are to reduce acid-intolerant prey (invertebrates) and to change prey quality from high-calcium bearing prey to low-calcium bearing prey. The toxicological effects are to increase contamination by heavy metals, especially methylated mercury, in foods of breeding waterbirds. The combination of these 2 types of effects results in potentially lower survival of adults and reduced production, growth, or survival of young of many bird species. Effects of acidification on herpteofauna and their habitats are mainly reproductive failure of susceptible species and reduced or metal-contaminated foods for both amphibians and reptiles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","collaboration":"OCLC 32707020","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1993, Acidic Depositions: Effects on Wildlife and Habitats: Wildlife Society Technical Review 93-1., iii, 42.","productDescription":"iii, 42","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699635"} ,{"id":5211070,"text":"5211070 - 1993 - Preservacion de ejemplares con maximo contenido de informacion y resumen de investigaciones basadas en tales materiales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211070","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Preservacion de ejemplares con maximo contenido de informacion y resumen de investigaciones basadas en tales materiales","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Curacion moderna de colecciones ornitologicas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Union de Ornitologos Americanos : American Ornithologists' Union,","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"OCLC: 36424947. Book includes directory of the ornitological collections in South America.","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., 1993, Preservacion de ejemplares con maximo contenido de informacion y resumen de investigaciones basadas en tales materiales, chap. of Curacion moderna de colecciones ornitologicas, p. 3-14.","productDescription":"iv, 119","startPage":"3","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668fe3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Escalante-Pliego, Patricia","contributorId":113145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escalante-Pliego","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507574,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210921,"text":"5210921 - 1993 - Conservation of temperate North Pacific terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5210921","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Conservation of temperate North Pacific terns","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Ottawa","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., Buckley, P.A., and Buckley, F.G., 1993, Conservation of temperate North Pacific terns, chap. of The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific, p. 154-163.","productDescription":"263","startPage":"154","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"263","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a30ba","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Vermeer, Kees","contributorId":103524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermeer","given":"Kees","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507341,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, K.T.","contributorId":111861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507343,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, K.H.","contributorId":111516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507342,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel-Causey, D.","contributorId":113787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel-Causey","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507344,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, P. A.","contributorId":69264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, F. G.","contributorId":73319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}