{"pageNumber":"4057","pageRowStart":"101400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184937,"records":[{"id":5210515,"text":"5210515 - 1993 - Infectious and parasitic diseases of cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210515","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Infectious and parasitic diseases of cranes","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy 3","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"W. B. Saunders Company","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA.","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, J.W., 1993, Infectious and parasitic diseases of cranes, chap. <i>of</i> Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy 3, p. 229-237.","productDescription":"xxv, 617","startPage":"229","endPage":"237","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee9d3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fowler, Murray E.","contributorId":113762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fowler","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":506600,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210546,"text":"5210546 - 1993 - Population trends of quails in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5210546","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Population trends of quails in North America","docAbstract":"We used North American Breeding Bird Survey data (1966-91) to estimate distribution, relative abundance, and populatiori trends of quails.  Population trends in grassland/shrub birds sympatric with northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were also examined. Northern bobwhite and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) populations have declined since 1966.  Rates of decline for these quails have increased during the past decade.  California quail (C. californica), Gambel's quail (C. gambeliI), and mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) populations have been stable over the long-term (1966-91). However, the short-term (1982-91) trend for California quail is positive, whereas Gambel's quail appear to be declining.  Patterns in trends indicate similar factors may be negatively affecting breeding populations of grassland/shrub birds throughout the bobwhite's range.  We discuss plausible hypotheses to explain population trends and recommend future action.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quail III: National Quail Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks","publisherLocation":"Pratt, Kansas","collaboration":"OCLC 30591535.","usgsCitation":"Church, K., Sauer, J., and Droege, S., 1993, Population trends of quails in North America, chap. <i>of</i> Quail III: National Quail Symposium, p. 44-54.","productDescription":"xii, 202","startPage":"44","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685bc9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Church, K.E.","contributorId":46660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506654,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daley, T.V.","contributorId":112602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daley","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506655,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Church, K.E.","contributorId":46660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210571,"text":"5210571 - 1993 - Analyses of banding data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210571","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Analyses of banding data","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Management of the Mourning Dove","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Stackpole Books","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., and Tomlinson, R.E., 1993, Analyses of banding data, chap. <i>of</i> Ecology and Management of the Mourning Dove, p. 269-280.","productDescription":"xxi, 567","startPage":"269","endPage":"280","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6837fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomlinson, R. E.","contributorId":78830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210609,"text":"5210609 - 1993 - Behavior of radio-marked breeding American woodcocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210609","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Behavior of radio-marked breeding American woodcocks","docAbstract":"During spring 1986-89, we equipped 175 male and 89 female American woodcocks (Scolopax minor) with radio transmitters. Radio-marking had little effect on behavior; within 1 day of marking, 37 of 64 (58%) displaying males were dominant and within 7 days, 138 of 157 (88%) were dominant. All females marked before nesting proceeded to nest, and marked females with broods remained with broods after release. Dominance of males declined from 73% in April to 69% in May and to 26% in June as breeding activity waned. In all years, after-second-year (ASY) males were dominant more often than second-year (SY) males (67.5% vs. 58.9%). ;Most males displayed at more than one (range = 2-12) site. Distances that males moved between the primary singing ground and subsequent singing grounds averaged 775 m in all years and ranged from 618 m (1986) to 966 m (1988).  Females visited males at singing grounds throughout the breeding cycle; some females visited more than one site. During prenesting, females remained in daytime covers during the crepuscular period (55%), flew to different feeding covers (22%), visited singing grounds (14%), or flew from daytime covers to unknown locations (9%). During nesting, females left nests during the crepuscular period (72%) and moved to singing grounds (5%), to feeding areas (59%), and to undetermined locations (7%). Females with broods remained with their broods during the crepuscular period (62%), flew to feeding areas (30%), visited singing grounds (1%), or flew to undetermined locations (6%). The woodcock mating system is similar to a resource-based polygyny. Males compete for singing grounds near high-quality nesting areas. The fitness of males is expressed by dominance at more than one singing ground. Woodcocks are not monogamous; females may visit more than three different males during a single courtship period but do not visit males regularly. Most females leave nests during the crepuscular period to feed in a different cover.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"McAuley, D., Longcore, J.R., and Sepik, G., 1993, Behavior of radio-marked breeding American woodcocks: Biological Report 16, vi, 139.","productDescription":"vi, 139","startPage":"116","endPage":"125","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92172,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.archive.org/details/ProceedingsOfTheEighthAmericanWoodcockSymposium","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c392","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Longcore, Jerry R.","contributorId":45447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":506793,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506794,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210549,"text":"5210549 - 1993 - Monitoring goals and programs of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5210549","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Monitoring goals and programs of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service","docAbstract":"The United States Fish and Wildlife Service coordinates  several surveys that collect information on the population status of migratory birds in North America.  The North American Breeding Bird Survey is the primary source of population information on nongame birds during the breeding season, and waterfowl surveys are conducted during breeding and wintering seasons. The surveys are international in scope, based upon research into sampling methods for birds, and used in management of migratory birds.  The Service also maintains the Bird Banding Laboratory in cooperation with the Canadan Wildlife Service, and supports demographic monitoring of bird populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 4502_Sauer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., 1993, Monitoring goals and programs of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, chap. <i>of</i> Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds. , p. 245-251.","productDescription":"iv, 422","startPage":"245","endPage":"251","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92036,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/22905","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627427","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Finch, D.M.","contributorId":39331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506662,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stangel, P.W.","contributorId":111323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stangel","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506663,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210593,"text":"5210593 - 1993 - Habitat use and survival rates of wintering American woodcocks in coastal South Carolina and Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210593","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Habitat use and survival rates of wintering American woodcocks in coastal South Carolina and Georgia","docAbstract":"Habitat use and survival rates of radio-marked American woodcocks (Scolopax minor) were studied during the winter in coastal South Carolina (1988-89) and Georgia (1989-90).  Soon after they arrived, woodcocks were captured in mist nets or in modified shorebird traps or by nightlighting.  Each bird was weighed, aged, sexed, and fitted with a 4-g radio transmitter and monitored daily until it died or could not be located or until its radio failed.  During the day, the woodcocks in South Carolina frequented seasonally flooded stands of gum-oak-willow (Liquidambar-Quercus-Salix) > 75% of the time and <15-year-old pine (Pinus spp.) plantations during the remaining time.  The predominantly used understory vegetation was switch cane (Arundinaria gigantica).  In Georgia, woodcocks used bottomland hardwoods, young pine plantations (<15-years-old), mature pine-hardwood stands, and clear-cuttings that had regenerated naturally.  Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera) dominated the used understory species at these sites.  The woodcocks in South Carolina rarely made daily moves between daytime and nighttime cover, whereas the birds in Georgia made regular flights.  At both sites, the daily survival rates of females were low, especially in the absence of losses from hunting.  Daily survival rates of females ranged from 0.992 in adults to 0.994 in young.  Daily survival rates of males ranged from 1.0 in adults to 0.996 in young.  We determined no significant differences in the daily survival rates of woodcocks by age or sex in either South Carolina or Georgia.  Probable predators of radio-marked woodcocks included bobcats (Lynx rufus), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and barred owls (Strix varia).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D., and Seginak, J., 1993, Habitat use and survival rates of wintering American woodcocks in coastal South Carolina and Georgia: Biological Report 16, 139.","productDescription":"139","startPage":"133 (abs)","numberOfPages":"139","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92167,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.archive.org/details/ProceedingsOfTheEighthAmericanWoodcockSymposium","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64860b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Longcore, Jerry R.","contributorId":45447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":506770,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506771,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seginak, J.T.","contributorId":100783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seginak","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210608,"text":"5210608 - 1993 - Techniques for research into woodcocks: experiences and recommendations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210608","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Techniques for research into woodcocks: experiences and recommendations","docAbstract":"We describe methods for the study of the American woodcock (Scolopax minor) at the Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge. Described are techniques for the capture of particular age-sex cohorts during different times of the year, the aging and sexing, the evaluation of habitat components, and the estimation of population size. We describe successful and tried but rejected techniques with radio-telemetry for the study of survival and habitat use.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"McAuley, D., Longcore, J.R., and Sepik, G., 1993, Techniques for research into woodcocks: experiences and recommendations: Biological Report 16, vi, 139.","productDescription":"vi, 139","startPage":"5","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92171,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.archive.org/details/ProceedingsOfTheEighthAmericanWoodcockSymposium","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685eff","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Longcore, Jerry R.","contributorId":45447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":506791,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506792,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210550,"text":"5210550 - 1993 - Population trends and management opportunities for neotropical migrants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5210550","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Population trends and management opportunities for neotropical migrants","docAbstract":"The Breeding Bird Survey shows that certain Neotropical migrant songbird populations have been declining over the past 26 years. Among them are forest birds that require extensive forest on the breeding grounds and also forested habitats on tropical wintering grounds. Other species have shown significant declines only since the early 1980's. Birds with broader habitat tolerance, such as those that winter commonly in agricultural and early-successional habitats as well as primary forest, show fewer consistent declines. Several grassland species have also been declining for more than two decades. Populations of many other Neotropical migrants have been stable or increasing over these periods. Examples of 26-year population trends are given. A dozen recommendations are given for managing nesting habitat for Neotropical migrants.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 4496_Robbins.pdf","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., Sauer, J., and Peterjohn, B., 1993, Population trends and management opportunities for neotropical migrants, chap. <i>of</i> Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds, p. 17-23.","productDescription":"iv, 422","startPage":"17","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92037,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/22883","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683dac","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Finch, Deborah M.","contributorId":59894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506664,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stangel, Peter W.","contributorId":113399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stangel","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506665,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210607,"text":"5210607 - 1993 - Critical review of the current knowledge of the biology of the American woodcock and its management on the breeding grounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210607","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Critical review of the current knowledge of the biology of the American woodcock and its management on the breeding grounds","docAbstract":"We critiqued previous work on the biology and management of the American woodcock (Scolopax minor) on the breeding grounds. We determined that little is known about habitat variables and weather extremes that may limit the population. Most investigators who attempted to define habitat requirements of the woodcock used inadequate sample sizes, limited the duration of their studies, did not account for effects of weather, or failed to adequately measure habitat variables. Furthermore, the effects of hunting on local or regional populations has never been adequately studied. We concluded that obtaining data to understand the biology of the woodcock and the effects of hunting is essential before managers can reverse the long-term decline of woodcock numbers.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Sepik, G., McAuley, D., and Longcore, J.R., 1993, Critical review of the current knowledge of the biology of the American woodcock and its management on the breeding grounds: Biological Report 16, vi, 139.","productDescription":"vi, 139","startPage":"98","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92170,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.archive.org/details/ProceedingsOfTheEighthAmericanWoodcockSymposium","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db68092a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Longcore, Jerry R.","contributorId":45447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":506789,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepik, Greg","contributorId":112995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506790,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210512,"text":"5210512 - 1993 - Forest to agriculture conversion in southern Belize:  Implications for migrant land birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210512","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Forest to agriculture conversion in southern Belize:  Implications for migrant land birds","docAbstract":"Central America offers a suite of neotropical habitats vital to overwintering migrant land birds. The recent decline of many forest dwelling avian migrants is believed to be related in part to neotropical deforestation and land use change. However, spatio-temporal trends in neotropical habitat availability and avian migrant habitat use are largely unknown. Such information is needed to assess the impact of agriculture conversion on migrant land birds. In response, the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service and the University of Maine began a cooperative study in 1988 which applies remote sensing and field surveys to determine current habitat availability and avian migrant habitat use. Study sites include areas in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala and southern Mexico. Visual assessment of Landsat TM imagery indicates southern Belize forests are fragmented by various agricultural systems. Shifting agriculture is predominant in some areas, while permanent agriculture (citrus and mixed animal crops) is the primary system in others. This poster focuses on efforts to monitor forest to agriculture conversion in southern Belize using remote sensing, field surveys and GIS techniques. Procedures and avian migrant use of habitat are summarized.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Remnants in the Tropical Landscape: Benefits and Policy Implications.  ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Institution","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","collaboration":"OCLC 29933040","usgsCitation":"Spruce, J., Dowell, B., Robbins, C., and Sader, S., 1993, Forest to agriculture conversion in southern Belize:  Implications for migrant land birds, chap. <i>of</i> Forest Remnants in the Tropical Landscape: Benefits and Policy Implications.  .","productDescription":"vi, 103","startPage":"101 (poste","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de459","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Doyle, Jamie K.","contributorId":112662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506598,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schelhas, John","contributorId":112559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schelhas","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506597,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Spruce, J.P.","contributorId":34232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spruce","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowell, B.A.","contributorId":35842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowell","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sader, S.A.","contributorId":43889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sader","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210630,"text":"5210630 - 1993 - The 'robust' capture-recapture design allows components of recruitment to be estimated","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210630","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The 'robust' capture-recapture design allows components of recruitment to be estimated","docAbstract":"The 'robust' capture-recapture design (Pollock 1982) allows analyses which combine features of closed population model analyses (Otis et aI., 1978, White et aI., 1982) and open population model analyses (Pollock et aI., 1990).  Estimators obtained under these analyses are more robust to unequal catch ability than traditional Jolly-Seber estimators (Pollock, 1982; Pollock et al., 1990; Kendall, 1992).  The robust design also allows estimation of parameters for population size, survival rate and recruitment numbers for all periods of the study unlike under Jolly-Seber type models.      The major advantage of this design that we emphasize in this short review paper is that it allows separate estimation of immigration and in situ recruitment numbers for a two or more age class model (Nichols and Pollock, 1990).  This is contrasted with the age-dependent Jolly-Seber model (Pollock, 1981; Stokes, 1984; Pollock et  L, 1990) which provides separate estimates for immigration and in situ recruitment for all but the first two age classes where there is at least a three age class model.  The ability to achieve this separation of recruitment components can be very important to population modelers and wildlife managers as many species can only be separated into two easily identified age classes in the field.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marked Individuals in the Study of Bird Population","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Birkhauser Verlag","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland and Boston","usgsCitation":"Pollock, K.H., Kendall, W., and Nichols, J., 1993, The 'robust' capture-recapture design allows components of recruitment to be estimated, chap. <i>of</i> Marked Individuals in the Study of Bird Population, p. 245-252.","productDescription":"xviii, 397","startPage":"245","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a62","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lebreton, J.-D.","contributorId":113627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.-D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506828,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"North, P.M.","contributorId":35852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506827,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210652,"text":"5210652 - 1993 - Marine birds and trace elements in the temperate North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210652","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Marine birds and trace elements in the temperate North Pacific","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Status, Ecology, and Conservation of Marine Birds of the North Pacific","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., 1993, Marine birds and trace elements in the temperate North Pacific, chap. <i>of</i> The Status, Ecology, and Conservation of Marine Birds of the North Pacific, p. 232-240.","productDescription":"263","startPage":"232","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"263","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606454","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Vermeer, Kees","contributorId":103524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermeer","given":"Kees","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506864,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Kenneth T.","contributorId":113634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13611,"text":"Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":506866,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, Ken H.","contributorId":114013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506867,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel-Causey, Douglas","contributorId":111328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel-Causey","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506865,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210594,"text":"5210594 - 1993 - Habitat use, home range size, and patterns of moves of the American woodcock in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210594","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Habitat use, home range size, and patterns of moves of the American woodcock in Maine","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Sepik, G., and Derleth, E., 1993, Habitat use, home range size, and patterns of moves of the American woodcock in Maine: Biological Report 16, 139.","productDescription":"139","startPage":"41","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"139","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92168,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.archive.org/details/ProceedingsOfTheEighthAmericanWoodcockSymposium","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648657","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506772,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506773,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derleth, E.L.","contributorId":31483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derleth","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210628,"text":"5210628 - 1993 - Survival rate estimation in the presence of tag loss using joint analysis of capture-recapture and resighting data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210628","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Survival rate estimation in the presence of tag loss using joint analysis of capture-recapture and resighting data","docAbstract":"Studies using resightings of marked birds typically make use of readily-observable tags that are not retained as well as metal legbands. We review methods for estimating survival rate with open capture-recapture / resighting models when tag loss is not negligible.  All methods rely on data from double-banding studies, usually carried out as part of the resighting study by application of metal legbands to all birds marked with alternative markers.  When tag loss is homogeneous, the methods of Arnason and Mills (1981) and Pollock (1981) can be used.  When rates of tag loss depend on time since marking, then a cohort approach can be used and is similar to the methods appropriate for homogeneous tag loss.  In addition, Kremers (1987) and Nichols et al. (1992) developed models for the joint analysis of recapture and resighting data in the presence of tag loss.  We emphasize the importance of obtaining recapture data in observation-based studies in which tag loss is likely to be a problem.  We discuss the allocation of effort to recaptures and resightings for such studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marked Individuals in the Study of Bird Population","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Birkhauser Verlag","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland and Boston","collaboration":"OCLC: 27769889","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 1993, Survival rate estimation in the presence of tag loss using joint analysis of capture-recapture and resighting data, chap. <i>of</i> Marked Individuals in the Study of Bird Population, p. 229-243.","productDescription":"xviii, 397","startPage":"229","endPage":"243","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688114","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lebreton, J.-D.","contributorId":113627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.-D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"North, P.M.","contributorId":35852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506824,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210547,"text":"5210547 - 1993 - Monitoring of colonial waterbirds in the United States: Needs and priorities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5210547","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"26","title":"Monitoring of colonial waterbirds in the United States: Needs and priorities","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl and Wetland Conservation in the 1990s -- A Global Perspective ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Bureau","publisherLocation":"Slimbridge, Gloucester, England","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Frederick, P.C., and Trapp, J., 1993, Monitoring of colonial waterbirds in the United States: Needs and priorities, chap. <i>of</i> Waterfowl and Wetland Conservation in the 1990s -- A Global Perspective , p. 18-22.","productDescription":"vi, 248","startPage":"18","endPage":"22","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e67","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moser, M.","contributorId":112996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506658,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prentice, R.C.","contributorId":112174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506657,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Vessen, J.","contributorId":111628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Vessen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506656,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frederick, P. C.","contributorId":66645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trapp, John","contributorId":91966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trapp","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210595,"text":"5210595 - 1993 - Premigratory dispersal and fall migration of American woodcocks in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210595","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Premigratory dispersal and fall migration of American woodcocks in Maine","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Sepik, G., and Derleth, E., 1993, Premigratory dispersal and fall migration of American woodcocks in Maine: Biological Report 16, 139.","productDescription":"139","startPage":"36","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"139","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92169,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.archive.org/details/ProceedingsOfTheEighthAmericanWoodcockSymposium","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6696ff","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506774,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506775,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derleth, E.L.","contributorId":31483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derleth","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210551,"text":"5210551 - 1993 - The estimation of exchanges among populations or subpopulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5210551","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The estimation of exchanges among populations or subpopulations","docAbstract":"Capture-recapture methods for estimating rates of immigration, emigration, and movement among geographic strata are reviewed. We discuss likelihood-based estimation methods under models incorporating Markovian and non-Markovian movement. We briefly describe a computer program developed by Brownie et al. (1992) to carry out the necessary estimation and testing.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marked Individuals in the Study of Bird Population","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Birkhauser Verlag","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland and Boston","collaboration":"OCLC: 27769889","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Brownie, C., Hines, J., Pollock, K.H., and Hestbeck, J., 1993, The estimation of exchanges among populations or subpopulations, chap. <i>of</i> Marked Individuals in the Study of Bird Population, p. 265-279.","productDescription":"xviii, 397","startPage":"265","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60540f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lebreton, J.-D.","contributorId":113627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.-D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506667,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"North, P.M.","contributorId":35852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506666,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hestbeck, J.B.","contributorId":107802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hestbeck","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5210680,"text":"5210680 - 1993 - A receptor binding assay applied to monitoring the neurotoxicity of parathion to Peromyscus after oral exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T20:21:26","indexId":"5210680","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"1216","title":"A receptor binding assay applied to monitoring the neurotoxicity of parathion to Peromyscus after oral exposure","docAbstract":"Many naturally occurring toxins, as well as pesticides, metals, and other compounds that occur in our environment from anthropogenic activities, stimulate or antagonize neuro-receptors to produce acute and/or chronic toxicities. Recent advances in laboratory instrumentation and the availability of a variety of radiolabeled ligands and type-specific drugs for numerous receptors make it possible to easily screen large numbers of samples and detect changes in sensitivity and density of receptor types and subtypes. A receptor binding assay for examining the chronic dietary toxicity of parathion will be used as a model to describe the methodology.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental toxicology and risk assessment, 2nd volume; Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, April 26-30, 1992","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","doi":"10.1520/STP13159S","collaboration":"OCLC:  29694316","usgsCitation":"Jett, D.A., Eldefrawi, A., and Eldefrawi, M., 1993, A receptor binding assay applied to monitoring the neurotoxicity of parathion to Peromyscus after oral exposure, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental toxicology and risk assessment, 2nd volume; Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, April 26-30, 1992, p. 253-262, https://doi.org/10.1520/STP13159S.","productDescription":"xii+730","startPage":"253","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267813,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1520/STP13159S"},{"id":200765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8767","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jett, David A.","contributorId":66366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jett","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eldefrawi, A.T.","contributorId":63111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eldefrawi","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eldefrawi, M.E.","contributorId":81204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eldefrawi","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5200202,"text":"5200202 - 1993 - Twenty-year index to Journal of Mammalogy volumes 51-70 inclusive, 1970-1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5200202","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Twenty-year index to Journal of Mammalogy volumes 51-70 inclusive, 1970-1989","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","usgsCitation":"Carleton, M., Fisher, R., Gardner, A.L., Gordon, L., Kafka, H., Ludwig, C., and Schmidt, D., 1993, Twenty-year index to Journal of Mammalogy volumes 51-70 inclusive, 1970-1989, xvi, 222.","productDescription":"xvi, 222","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carleton, M.D.","contributorId":106597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, R.D.","contributorId":62967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, A. L.","contributorId":97213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"A.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gordon, L.K.","contributorId":50989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kafka, H.L.","contributorId":102168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kafka","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ludwig, C.A.","contributorId":41925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmidt, D.F.","contributorId":77258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5200255,"text":"5200255 - 1993 - Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) reproductive behavior: a guideline for management of active nests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5200255","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) reproductive behavior: a guideline for management of active nests","docAbstract":"One explanation for the failure of intensively monitored Puerto Rican Parrot nests is that observers may lack the information needed to evaluate pair behavior and to recognize behaviors indicative of nest problems.  I examined the behavior of Puerto Rican Parrots during eight non-problematic and six problematic nesting attempts to 1) describe behavior of pairs that experienced no notable nest problems and 2) to identify and describe behaviors associated with nest problems.  I examined nest attendance, duration of attentive periods, and frequency of nest visits for both males and females, and duration of periods away from the nest for females only.      Adult behavior during incubation and early chick rearing at non-problematic nests was well-defined.  Females spent an average of 93.2 to 97.3% of the observation period in their nests during incubation and generally left their nests for average periods of 5 to 12 min.  Female nest attendance generally declined and recesses became longer as chick rearing progressed. Males rarely entered their nests during incubation, but they generally established a regular pattern of nest visits within seven to 10 days of hatching of their young.  In some cases, incidents of human disturbance to nest pairs during incubation and early chick rearing were associated with sudden changes in behavior.      The key indicator of nest problems (abandonment during incubation or loss of young) was unexpected declines in female nest attendance.  Declines were often accompanied by unexpected increases in female recesses or frequency of female nest visits, and sometimes by increases in male nest visits.  Abandonment of nests during incubation was associated with repeated incidents of potentially disturbing activities (e.g., nest inspections).  Deaths of embryos and young were associated with behaviors that allowed increased cooling of embryos.","language":"English","publisher":"Thesis (M.S.)--University of Massachusetts at Amherst","collaboration":"Funded by Patuxent, Becky Field and Marcia Wilson acknowledged. ","usgsCitation":"Wilson, K., 1993, Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) reproductive behavior: a guideline for management of active nests, xvii, 214.","productDescription":"xvii, 214","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f089a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, K.A.","contributorId":45021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5200203,"text":"5200203 - 1993 - Toxicology and pesticide use in relation to wildlife organophosphorus and carbamate compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T09:05:16","indexId":"5200203","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Toxicology and pesticide use in relation to wildlife organophosphorus and carbamate compounds","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.J., 1993, Toxicology and pesticide use in relation to wildlife organophosphorus and carbamate compounds, iv+171.","productDescription":"iv+171","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627ed2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5200152,"text":"5200152 - 1993 - A trail development plan for the New River Gorge National River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5200152","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"A trail development plan for the New River Gorge National River","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region. Final Report","usgsCitation":"Jensen, P., Regan, D., and Marion, J., 1993, A trail development plan for the New River Gorge National River, 109.","productDescription":"109","numberOfPages":"109","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5b3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jensen, P.","contributorId":17717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regan, D.","contributorId":6555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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,{"id":70170457,"text":"70170457 - 1993 - The reintroduction of black bears in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T19:18:13","indexId":"70170457","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"The reintroduction of black bears in Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract is unavailable.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bears: Majestic creatures of the wild","language":"English","publisher":"Rodale Press, Inc.","isbn":"9780875965529","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.G., Clark, J.D., and Shull, S.D., 1993, The reintroduction of black bears in Arkansas, chap. <i>of</i> Bears: Majestic creatures of the wild, p. 222-223.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"223","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a852e4b0ef3b7caba678","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stirling, Ian","contributorId":72079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627296,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kimberly G.","contributorId":80200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shull, Scott D.","contributorId":168789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shull","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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