{"pageNumber":"406","pageRowStart":"10125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16437,"records":[{"id":137,"text":"wsp2425 - 1996 - National water summary on wetland resources","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38156,"text":"wsp2425_spanish - 1999 - Puerto Rico, humedales [Puerto Rico, wetlands]","indexId":"wsp2425_spanish","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Puerto Rico, humedales [Puerto Rico, wetlands]"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":137,"text":"wsp2425 - 1996 - National water summary on wetland resources","indexId":"wsp2425","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"National water summary on wetland resources"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T20:00:22.77675","indexId":"wsp2425","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2425","title":"National water summary on wetland resources","docAbstract":"<p>This <i>National Water Summary on Wetland Resources</i> documents wetland resources in the United States. It presents an overview of the status of knowledge of wetlands at the present time-what they are, where they are found, why they are important, and the controversies surrounding them, with an emphasis on their hydrology. Wetland resources in each State, the District of Columbia (combined with Maryland), Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the western Pacific Islands are described.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2425","usgsCitation":"1996, National water summary on wetland resources: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2425, viii, 431 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2425.","productDescription":"viii, 431 p.","numberOfPages":"439","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":136152,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2425/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24748,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2425/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":422159,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25395.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605db8","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Fretwell, J. D.","contributorId":97933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fretwell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705265,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, John S. johnw@usgs.gov","contributorId":329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"johnw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":705266,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redman, Phillip J. pjredman@usgs.gov","contributorId":163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"Phillip","email":"pjredman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":705267,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25810,"text":"wri944015 - 1996 - US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-16T14:52:02.022113","indexId":"wri944015","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4015","title":"US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944015","usgsCitation":"Morganwalp, D., and Aronson, D.A., 1996, US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, 1113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944015.","productDescription":"1113 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54561,"rank":2,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4015/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Please download to your computer. This file cannot be viewed in the web browser."},{"id":158410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4015/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a4e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morganwalp, D.W.","contributorId":90713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morganwalp","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aronson, D. A.","contributorId":20308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aronson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23873,"text":"ofr96464 - 1996 - Hydrologic data for Carson and Antelope Valleys, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine and Mono Counties, California, 1981-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr96464","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-464","title":"Hydrologic data for Carson and Antelope Valleys, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine and Mono Counties, California, 1981-94","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96464","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Mello, K., 1996, Hydrologic data for Carson and Antelope Valleys, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine and Mono Counties, California, 1981-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-464, iv, 54 p. :ill. map ;28 cm. +2 computer disks (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96464.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p. :ill. map ;28 cm. +2 computer disks (3 1/2 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0464/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53088,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0464/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53089,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0464/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683249","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mello, K.A.","contributorId":54241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mello","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24483,"text":"ofr96471 - 1996 - Selected hydrogeologic data from the Cedar Rapids Area, Benton and Linn counties, Iowa, October 1992 through March 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T12:44:15","indexId":"ofr96471","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-471","title":"Selected hydrogeologic data from the Cedar Rapids Area, Benton and Linn counties, Iowa, October 1992 through March 1996","docAbstract":"<p>The city of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, obtains its water supply from shallow wells screened in the alluvial aquifer along the Cedar River. A cooperative study between the city of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and the U.S. Geological Survey was started in March 1992 to assess the water quality and water quantity of the ground-water resource. This report summarizes selected hydrogeologic data collected from October 1992 through March 1996. Information collected includes water quality (major ions, nutrients, and pesticides), ground-water levels, multiprobe-instrument data (water levels, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen monitored at 15-, 30-, or 60-minute intervals), well information (location, casing type, screen interval, and depth), and geophysical seismic-refraction and seismic-reflection data (estimated depth to bedrock and alluvial thickness along the Cedar River). Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data were collected from domestic, municipal, observation, and industrial wells and the Cedar River. Well-construction data for more than 300 wells in the Cedar Rapids area in Benton and Linn Counties, Iowa, were compiled primarily from records on file with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Geologic Survey Bureau (Iowa City).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96471","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Schnoebelen, D., and Schulmeyer, P., 1996, Selected hydrogeologic data from the Cedar Rapids Area, Benton and Linn counties, Iowa, October 1992 through March 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-471, vi, 163 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96471.","productDescription":"vi, 163 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0471/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53551,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0471/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Benton County, Linn County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.88690185546875,\n              41.870583462266836\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.88690185546875,\n              42.12674735753131\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.61224365234375,\n              42.12674735753131\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.61224365234375,\n              41.870583462266836\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.88690185546875,\n              41.870583462266836\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f935a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schnoebelen, D.J.","contributorId":98352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulmeyer, P.M.","contributorId":17208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulmeyer","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23661,"text":"ofr96558 - 1996 - Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Nutrients in two coastal prairie streams draining agricultural areas, 1994-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:24:53","indexId":"ofr96558","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-558","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Nutrients in two coastal prairie streams draining agricultural areas, 1994-95","docAbstract":"<p>In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began nationwide implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Long-term goals of NAWQA are to describe the status of and trends in the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation?s surface- and ground-water resources and to provide a sound, scientific understanding of the primary natural and human factors affecting the quality of these resources (Leahy and others, 1990). The Trinity River Basin in east-central Texas (fig. 1) was among the first 20 hydrologic areas, called study units, to be assessed by this program. The first intensive data-collection phase for the Trinity River Basin NAWQA began in March 1993 and ended in September 1995. Streams in the Trinity River Basin were assessed by sampling water, bed sediment, and tissue of biota and characterizing the aquatic communities and their habitat. Aquifers were assessed by sampling water from wells. The coastal prairie is a small part of the Trinity River Basin, but it is environmentally important because of its proximity to Galveston Bay and the extensive use of agricultural chemicals on many irrigated farms. Galveston Bay (fig. 1) was selected by Congress as an estuary of national significance and was included on a priority list for the National Estuary Program. The Trinity River is especially important because its watershed dominates the total Galveston Bay drainage area and because its flow contributes substantial amounts of freshwater and water-quality constituents to the bay. Historically, measurements of the quantity and quality of water entering Galveston Bay from the Trinity River Basin have been made using data from a station about 113 kilometers (70 miles) upstream from Trinity Bay, an inlet bay to Galveston Bay. With a focused objective of providing additional water-quality information in the intervening coastal prairie area and an overall objective of improving the understanding of the relations between farming practices and stream quality in the Trinity River Basin, a special study was conducted. This report provides a description of the occurrence and concentrations of nutrients in two streams in this intervening area. An earlier report by Brown (1996) describes the occurrence and concentrations of pesticides in these two streams. An overall analysis of nutrient data collected during 1974?91 in the Trinity River Basin is given by Van Metre and Reutter (1995).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96558","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Land, L.F., 1996, Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Nutrients in two coastal prairie streams draining agricultural areas, 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-558, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96558.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0558/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":11559,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://tx.usgs.gov/projects/trin/pubs/pdf/ofr-96-558.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52920,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0558/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee615","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6872,"text":"fs24996 - 1996 - Causes of variations in water quality and aquatic ecology in rivers of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:11:19","indexId":"fs24996","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"249-96","title":"Causes of variations in water quality and aquatic ecology in rivers of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Physical and aquatic biological conditions differ among the Mississippi River and its major tributaries (the St. Croix and Minnesota Rivers) in Minnesota and Wisconsin. The quality of surface water and the ecological condition of rivers affect the ways in which we use them. The St. Croix River is used for recreation; the Mississippi River is used for recreation and is a corridor for commerce; and the Minnesota River primarily drains agricultural lands. Analysis of the environmental framework of the basins and water-quality and ecological information by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program shows that the conditions of the rivers are a product of a combination of factors including climate, hydrology, geology, soils, land use, land cover, water management, and water use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/fs24996","usgsCitation":"Stark, J.R., 1996, Causes of variations in water quality and aquatic ecology in rivers of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 249-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs24996.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34185,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0249/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0249/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":12257,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/FS-249-96.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.3238525390625, 46.145588688591964 ], [ -91.40625, 46.10370875598026 ], [ -91.4501953125, 46.0998999106273 ], [ -91.5655517578125, 46.027481852486645 ], [ -91.56005859375, 45.96260622242165 ], [ -91.614990234375, 45.90147732739488 ], [ -91.7083740234375, 45.82497145796607 ], [ -91.7962646484375, 45.744526980468436 ], [ -91.8841552734375, 45.7176863579072 ], [ -91.9281005859375, 45.63324613981234 ], [ -92.13134765625, 45.6101948758674 ], [ -92.1368408203125, 45.487094732298374 ], [ -92.13134765625, 45.390735154248894 ], [ -92.1588134765625, 45.30966593483413 ], [ -92.186279296875, 45.22074260255366 ], [ -92.2247314453125, 45.10454630976873 ], [ -92.26318359375, 44.99199795382439 ], [ -92.2686767578125, 44.87144275016589 ], [ -92.30712890625, 44.820812031724444 ], [ -92.208251953125, 44.73892994307368 ], [ -92.2247314453125, 44.64129986075226 ], [ -92.186279296875, 44.5278427984555 ], [ -92.120361328125, 44.398467142258504 ], [ -92.25769042968749, 44.406316252661355 ], [ -92.373046875, 44.406316252661355 ], [ -92.5433349609375, 44.3906169787868 ], [ -92.64770507812499, 44.3906169787868 ], [ -92.757568359375, 44.3670601700202 ], [ -92.911376953125, 44.34742225636393 ], [ -93.03771972656249, 44.34349388385857 ], [ -93.2025146484375, 44.308126684886126 ], [ -93.2354736328125, 44.233392574879026 ], [ -93.16955566406249, 44.20583500104184 ], [ -93.14208984375, 44.18220395771566 ], [ -93.1201171875, 44.09547572946635 ], [ -93.1036376953125, 43.992814500489914 ], [ -93.16955566406249, 43.99676629896825 ], [ -93.262939453125, 43.96119063892024 ], [ -93.3563232421875, 43.929549935614595 ], [ -93.4332275390625, 43.82660134505384 ], [ -93.50463867187499, 43.68773584519811 ], [ -93.52111816406249, 43.60426186809618 ], [ -93.58154296875, 43.492782808225 ], [ -93.812255859375, 43.41701888881103 ], [ -93.966064453125, 43.30119623257966 ], [ -94.053955078125, 43.24520272203356 ], [ -94.0869140625, 43.28520334369384 ], [ -94.19677734375, 43.369119087738554 ], [ -94.3011474609375, 43.40903821777055 ], [ -94.361572265625, 43.40903821777055 ], [ -94.4439697265625, 43.48481212891603 ], [ -94.46044921875, 43.53660274231031 ], [ -94.625244140625, 43.5764114330089 ], [ -94.74609375, 43.600284023536325 ], [ -94.866943359375, 43.55252937447483 ], [ -94.94384765625, 43.624147145668076 ], [ -94.9603271484375, 43.67581809328344 ], [ -94.976806640625, 43.77109381775651 ], [ -95.1361083984375, 43.78695837311561 ], [ -95.3173828125, 43.83452678223684 ], [ -95.328369140625, 43.90185050527358 ], [ -95.4052734375, 43.96909818325174 ], [ -95.4656982421875, 44.04811573082351 ], [ -95.811767578125, 44.000717834282774 ], [ -95.877685546875, 44.044167353572185 ], [ -96.0260009765625, 44.142797828180605 ], [ -96.0919189453125, 44.201897151875094 ], [ -96.13037109375, 44.25700308645885 ], [ -96.21826171874999, 44.374913492661456 ], [ -96.3995361328125, 44.449467536006935 ], [ -96.56982421875, 44.53175879707938 ], [ -96.6851806640625, 44.65693173288727 ], [ -96.6741943359375, 44.75453548416007 ], [ -96.7181396484375, 44.87144275016589 ], [ -96.84997558593749, 44.984227835166486 ], [ -96.94335937499999, 45.042478050891546 ], [ -97.108154296875, 45.27488643704894 ], [ -97.196044921875, 45.42929873257377 ], [ -97.2344970703125, 45.60250901510302 ], [ -97.3114013671875, 45.767522962149904 ], [ -97.349853515625, 45.82114340079471 ], [ -97.44873046875, 45.88618457602257 ], [ -97.503662109375, 45.94351068030587 ], [ -97.4322509765625, 46.00840867976965 ], [ -97.33337402343749, 46.042735653846506 ], [ -97.18505859374999, 45.90147732739488 ], [ -97.09716796875, 45.81348649679971 ], [ -97.03125, 45.729191061299936 ], [ -96.910400390625, 45.7176863579072 ], [ -96.84997558593749, 45.62172169252446 ], [ -96.7510986328125, 45.59482210127054 ], [ -96.6357421875, 45.5679096098613 ], [ -96.55334472656249, 45.57944511437787 ], [ -96.43798828125, 45.644768217751924 ], [ -96.42150878906249, 45.67932023569538 ], [ -96.339111328125, 45.80199916666154 ], [ -96.1578369140625, 45.85558643964395 ], [ -96.0589599609375, 45.96260622242165 ], [ -96.0040283203125, 45.99696161820381 ], [ -96.0040283203125, 46.15700496290803 ], [ -96.0040283203125, 46.198844376182535 ], [ -95.88317871093749, 46.2824277013447 ], [ -95.8062744140625, 46.29381556233369 ], [ -95.80078125, 46.21785176740299 ], [ -95.7073974609375, 46.16841886922939 ], [ -95.54809570312499, 46.18363372751015 ], [ -95.504150390625, 46.25204849722291 ], [ -95.54809570312499, 46.30140615437332 ], [ -95.6304931640625, 46.30520105581194 ], [ -95.6304931640625, 46.3507193554773 ], [ -95.5535888671875, 46.392411189814645 ], [ -95.51513671875, 46.39998810407942 ], [ -95.4986572265625, 46.521075663842836 ], [ -95.5975341796875, 46.555083022430495 ], [ -95.6085205078125, 46.64189395892874 ], [ -95.614013671875, 46.7210346612957 ], [ -95.6634521484375, 46.76996843356982 ], [ -95.6304931640625, 46.848921470800455 ], [ -95.5975341796875, 46.93526088057719 ], [ -95.4766845703125, 47.10752278534248 ], [ -95.49316406249999, 47.16357498846737 ], [ -95.4986572265625, 47.238219359726784 ], [ -95.504150390625, 47.31275872224939 ], [ -95.47119140625, 47.45037978769006 ], [ -95.3173828125, 47.52461999690649 ], [ -95.185546875, 47.54687159892238 ], [ -95.152587890625, 47.59505101193038 ], [ -95.1251220703125, 47.68757916850813 ], [ -94.9603271484375, 47.68757916850813 ], [ -94.691162109375, 47.68388118858139 ], [ -94.5538330078125, 47.702368466573716 ], [ -94.3670654296875, 47.73932336136857 ], [ -94.2352294921875, 47.71345768748889 ], [ -94.0814208984375, 47.646886969413 ], [ -94.0264892578125, 47.55428670127958 ], [ -93.944091796875, 47.487513008956554 ], [ -93.8232421875, 47.44666502261753 ], [ -93.6474609375, 47.49493650511712 ], [ -93.4002685546875, 47.57652571374621 ], [ -93.36181640625, 47.657987988142274 ], [ -93.2684326171875, 47.71715357016648 ], [ -93.1256103515625, 47.75040471827431 ], [ -92.9937744140625, 47.743017409121826 ], [ -92.8619384765625, 47.67648444221321 ], [ -92.7740478515625, 47.5913464767971 ], [ -92.7850341796875, 47.47637579720936 ], [ -92.88940429687499, 47.338822694822 ], [ -92.92236328125, 47.234489635299184 ], [ -92.955322265625, 47.12621341795227 ], [ -92.9498291015625, 47.07386310181414 ], [ -92.94433593749999, 46.96900803311957 ], [ -92.9718017578125, 46.86394700508323 ], [ -92.92785644531249, 46.800059446787316 ], [ -92.757568359375, 46.76996843356982 ], [ -92.70263671874999, 46.69843486113957 ], [ -92.57080078125, 46.69089949154197 ], [ -92.55432128906249, 46.65320687122665 ], [ -92.57080078125, 46.543749602738565 ], [ -92.5982666015625, 46.426499019253 ], [ -92.625732421875, 46.28622391806708 ], [ -92.4664306640625, 46.2330529447983 ], [ -92.2686767578125, 46.18743678432541 ], [ -92.10937499999999, 46.20264638061019 ], [ -92.04345703125, 46.22545288226939 ], [ -91.8841552734375, 46.25204849722291 ], [ -91.7578125, 46.229253045075275 ], [ -91.69189453125, 46.2102496001872 ], [ -91.614990234375, 46.25964487666549 ], [ -91.505126953125, 46.29761098988109 ], [ -91.43920898437499, 46.25204849722291 ], [ -91.43920898437499, 46.20644812194458 ], [ -91.3348388671875, 46.18363372751015 ], [ -91.3238525390625, 46.145588688591964 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684921","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, James R. stark@usgs.gov","contributorId":289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"James","email":"stark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5052,"text":"fs04396 - 1996 - U.S. Geological Survey programs in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T17:52:20","indexId":"fs04396","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"043-96","title":"U.S. Geological Survey programs in Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the Federal Government's primary source of data on the quantity and quality of the Nation's water resources, its principal civilian map making agency, and its primary provider of information on natural hazards and mineral, energy, and biological resources. The USGS makes unbiased scientific information available equally to all interested parties.</span></p>\n<p>Most USGS work in Texas involves the appraisal of the State's water resources in cooperation with more than 80 local, State, and Federal agencies. The foundation of a wide range of hydrologic data-collection and interpretive programs is the stream-gaging program. The Texas network of streamflow-gaging stations, which provides water data for water-resources planning and design, hydrologic research, and operation of water-resources projects, is part of a nationwide aggregation of networks that is unique because of nationally consistent, prescribed standards by which the data are collected and processed.</p>\n<p><span>The USGS continues to expand collection of data for paper and digital maps. The best-known products of the USGS in Texas are its 1:24,000-scale topographic maps. These maps depict basic natural and cultural features of the landscape. Maps at this scale (1 inch on the map represents 2,000 feet on the ground) are useful for civil engineering, land-use planning, and natural-resource monitoring, and have long been favorites with the general public for a wide variety of outdoor uses.</span></p>\n<p><span>The USGS also continues to monitor geologic conditions in Texas associated with rare but potentially dangerous earthquakes. Recently, the Nation Biological Service (now the Biological Resources Division) joined the USGS to continue their appraisal of the nation's biological resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs04396","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, U.S. Geological Survey programs in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 043-96, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04396.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_043_96.jpg"},{"id":367,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-043-96"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.276425,26.521729],[-97.31073,26.556558],[-97.345822,26.700589],[-97.370438,26.723896],[-97.368343,26.795649],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.390078,27.156512],[-97.359963,27.304732],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-97.317277,27.46369],[-97.236882,27.598293],[-97.231383,27.632336],[-97.214099,27.631551],[-97.200743,27.650144],[-97.203474,27.684533],[-97.103326,27.789068],[-97.098874,27.82285],[-97.134489,27.825206],[-97.056713,27.842294],[-96.985745,27.954048],[-96.967807,28.020041],[-96.952618,28.01644],[-96.906004,28.076147],[-96.886233,28.084396],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.84538,28.108881],[-96.83003,28.111842],[-96.81042,28.126034],[-96.816443,28.174808],[-96.791958,28.188687],[-96.703838,28.198246],[-96.702659,28.211208],[-96.662462,28.227314],[-96.651856,28.251275],[-96.592934,28.296972],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.397846,28.343513],[-96.4137,28.327343],[-96.547774,28.270798],[-96.694666,28.18212],[-96.849624,28.064939],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.166682,27.676583],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.350398,27.268105],[-97.370941,27.161166],[-97.37913,27.047996],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.333028,26.736479],[-97.194644,26.306513],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.169842,26.077853],[-97.194458,26.27164],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-94.886539,29.510724],[-94.894747,29.52697],[-94.87675,29.507922],[-94.886539,29.510724]]],[[[-97.868235,26.056656],[-97.88653,26.066339],[-97.967358,26.051718],[-97.981335,26.067182],[-98.028759,26.06647],[-98.039239,26.041275],[-98.070021,26.047992],[-98.084755,26.070808],[-98.091038,26.059169],[-98.105505,26.067537],[-98.146622,26.049412],[-98.177897,26.074672],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.220673,26.076467],[-98.248806,26.073101],[-98.264514,26.085507],[-98.277218,26.098802],[-98.265698,26.12037],[-98.296195,26.120321],[-98.302979,26.11005],[-98.323828,26.121249],[-98.336837,26.166432],[-98.354645,26.15304],[-98.386694,26.157872],[-98.404433,26.182564],[-98.442536,26.199151],[-98.450976,26.219904],[-98.496684,26.212853],[-98.543852,26.234492],[-98.576188,26.235221],[-98.599154,26.257612],[-98.669397,26.23632],[-98.681167,26.26271],[-98.745272,26.303096],[-98.755242,26.3251],[-98.789822,26.331575],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-98.890965,26.357569],[-98.921277,26.381426],[-98.950186,26.380303],[-98.967587,26.398266],[-99.008003,26.395459],[-99.032316,26.412082],[-99.082002,26.39651],[-99.110855,26.426278],[-99.091635,26.476977],[-99.127782,26.525199],[-99.166742,26.536079],[-99.178064,26.620547],[-99.209948,26.693938],[-99.208907,26.724761],[-99.240023,26.745851],[-99.242444,26.788262],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.295146,26.86544],[-99.316753,26.865831],[-99.3289,26.879761],[-99.324684,26.915973],[-99.379149,26.93449],[-99.393748,26.96073],[-99.377312,26.973819],[-99.415476,27.01724],[-99.42938,27.010833],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.429209,27.090982],[-99.442123,27.106839],[-99.426348,27.176262],[-99.441549,27.24992],[-99.463309,27.268437],[-99.492407,27.264118],[-99.494604,27.303542],[-99.536443,27.312538],[-99.504837,27.338289],[-99.487521,27.412396],[-99.495104,27.451518],[-99.480419,27.481596],[-99.497519,27.500496],[-99.52582,27.496696],[-99.515978,27.572131],[-99.55495,27.614454],[-99.580006,27.602251],[-99.578099,27.619196],[-99.594038,27.638573],[-99.638929,27.626758],[-99.665948,27.635968],[-99.668942,27.659974],[-99.711511,27.658365],[-99.77074,27.732134],[-99.796342,27.735586],[-99.813086,27.773952],[-99.835127,27.762881],[-99.850877,27.793974],[-99.877677,27.799427],[-99.876003,27.837968],[-99.904385,27.875284],[-99.895828,27.904178],[-99.937142,27.940537],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-99.991447,27.99456],[-100.017914,28.064787],[-100.053123,28.08473],[-100.083393,28.144035],[-100.208059,28.190383],[-100.22363,28.235224],[-100.2462,28.234092],[-100.289384,28.273491],[-100.286471,28.312296],[-100.341869,28.384953],[-100.349586,28.402604],[-100.337797,28.44296],[-100.368288,28.477196],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.38886,28.515748],[-100.411414,28.551899],[-100.398385,28.584884],[-100.44732,28.609325],[-100.445529,28.637144],[-100.495863,28.658569],[-100.510055,28.690723],[-100.507613,28.740599],[-100.533017,28.76328],[-100.53583,28.805888],[-100.547324,28.825817],[-100.57051,28.826317],[-100.602054,28.901944],[-100.640568,28.914212],[-100.651512,28.943432],[-100.645894,28.986421],[-100.674656,29.099777],[-100.772649,29.168492],[-100.767059,29.195287],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-100.795681,29.22773],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-100.876049,29.279585],[-100.886842,29.307848],[-100.948972,29.347246],[-101.004207,29.364772],[-101.060151,29.458661],[-101.151877,29.477005],[-101.173821,29.514566],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.242023,29.592512],[-101.259127,29.607284],[-101.307332,29.587847],[-101.311219,29.648491],[-101.361756,29.657821],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-101.441059,29.753451],[-101.475269,29.780663],[-101.522695,29.759671],[-101.546797,29.796991],[-101.582562,29.771334],[-101.625958,29.771063],[-101.646418,29.754304],[-101.662453,29.77128],[-101.706636,29.762737],[-101.852604,29.801895],[-101.922585,29.790161],[-101.974548,29.810276],[-101.987539,29.801057],[-102.034759,29.804028],[-102.050044,29.78507],[-102.115682,29.79239],[-102.159601,29.814356],[-102.181894,29.846034],[-102.227553,29.843534],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.364542,29.845387],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.508313,29.783219],[-102.513381,29.76576],[-102.539417,29.751629],[-102.559343,29.760377],[-102.630151,29.734315],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-102.693466,29.676507],[-102.742031,29.632142],[-102.739991,29.599041],[-102.768341,29.594734],[-102.771429,29.548546],[-102.808692,29.522319],[-102.807327,29.494009],[-102.832539,29.433109],[-102.824564,29.399558],[-102.843021,29.357988],[-102.879534,29.353327],[-102.888328,29.291947],[-102.906296,29.260011],[-102.871347,29.241625],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-102.890064,29.208814],[-102.915866,29.215878],[-102.917805,29.190697],[-102.944911,29.18882],[-102.953475,29.176308],[-102.989432,29.183174],[-103.015028,29.12577],[-103.035683,29.103029],[-103.074407,29.088534],[-103.100266,29.0577],[-103.113922,28.988547],[-103.156646,28.972831],[-103.227801,28.991532],[-103.239109,28.981651],[-103.260308,28.989731],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-103.341463,29.041224],[-103.355428,29.021529],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-103.471265,29.073115],[-103.503236,29.11911],[-103.524613,29.120998],[-103.523384,29.133389],[-103.558679,29.154962],[-103.645635,29.159286],[-103.71377,29.185008],[-103.816642,29.270927],[-103.975235,29.296017],[-104.038282,29.320156],[-104.106467,29.373127],[-104.166563,29.399352],[-104.233487,29.492734],[-104.318074,29.527938],[-104.334811,29.519463],[-104.381041,29.543406],[-104.399591,29.572319],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.539761,29.676074],[-104.565688,29.770462],[-104.679772,29.924659],[-104.679661,29.975272],[-104.706874,30.050685],[-104.685003,30.085643],[-104.695366,30.13213],[-104.687296,30.179464],[-104.713166,30.237957],[-104.733822,30.261221],[-104.749664,30.26126],[-104.761634,30.301148],[-104.809794,30.334926],[-104.824314,30.370466],[-104.859521,30.390413],[-104.85242,30.418792],[-104.876787,30.511004],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-104.967167,30.608107],[-105.002057,30.680972],[-105.062334,30.686303],[-105.113816,30.746001],[-105.152362,30.751452],[-105.195144,30.792138],[-105.255416,30.797029],[-105.287238,30.822206],[-105.314863,30.816961],[-105.360672,30.847384],[-105.394242,30.852979],[-105.399609,30.888941],[-105.533088,30.984859],[-105.55743,30.990229],[-105.60333,31.082625],[-105.64189,31.098322],[-105.646731,31.113908],[-105.709491,31.136375],[-105.742678,31.164897],[-105.773257,31.166897],[-105.779725,31.191283],[-105.869353,31.288634],[-105.938452,31.318735],[-105.953943,31.364749],[-106.004926,31.392458],[-106.080258,31.398702],[-106.203969,31.465378],[-106.246203,31.541153],[-106.280811,31.562062],[-106.303536,31.620413],[-106.378039,31.72831],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-106.484642,31.747809],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-100.003762,36.499699],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-99.929334,34.576714],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.754248,34.421289],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.665992,34.374185],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.399603,34.375079],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.318363,34.408296],[-99.289922,34.414731],[-99.264167,34.405149],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.273958,34.38756],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.233274,34.344101],[-99.210716,34.336304],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.19457,34.272424],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.048792,34.198209],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-98.990852,34.221633],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.952513,34.21265],[-98.909349,34.177499],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.8579,34.159627],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.749291,34.124238],[-98.735471,34.135208],[-98.696518,34.133521],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.603978,34.160249],[-98.577136,34.148962],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.384381,34.146317],[-98.367494,34.156191],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.114506,34.154727],[-98.09066,34.12198],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.099096,34.048639],[-98.104022,34.036233],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-97.978243,34.005387],[-97.947572,33.991053],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.955511,33.938186],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.983552,33.904002],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.877387,33.850236],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.589598,33.953554],[-97.589254,33.903922],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.365507,33.823763],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.315913,33.865838],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.24618,33.900344],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.179609,33.89225],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.203514,33.821825],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.052209,33.841737],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.979415,33.956178],[-96.973807,33.935697],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.85609,33.84749],[-96.837413,33.871349],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.704457,33.835021],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.630117,33.895422],[-96.592948,33.895616],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.625399,33.856542],[-96.623155,33.841483],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.523863,33.818114],[-96.502286,33.77346],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.309964,33.710489],[-96.294867,33.764771],[-96.277269,33.769735],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.162757,33.788769],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.138905,33.839159],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.101349,33.845721],[-96.005296,33.845505],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.951609,33.857017],[-95.936132,33.886826],[-95.831948,33.835161],[-95.821666,33.856633],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.776255,33.845145],[-95.75431,33.853992],[-95.761916,33.883402],[-95.747335,33.895756],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.669978,33.905844],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.556915,33.92702],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.461499,33.883686],[-95.464211,33.873372],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.334523,33.885788],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.280351,33.896751],[-95.255747,33.902939],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.219358,33.961567],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.093929,33.895963],[-95.061065,33.895292],[-95.049025,33.86409],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-94.983303,33.851354],[-94.976208,33.859847],[-94.948716,33.818023],[-94.91945,33.810176],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.775064,33.755038],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.714865,33.707261],[-94.710725,33.691654],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.646113,33.6693],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.491503,33.625115],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.468086,33.599436],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.413155,33.569368],[-94.378076,33.577019],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.389515,33.546778],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.345513,33.567313],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.289129,33.582144],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.245932,33.589114],[-94.237975,33.577757],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.205634,33.567229],[-94.193248,33.556154],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.217408,33.57926],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.152626,33.575923],[-94.146048,33.581975],[-94.14852,33.565678],[-94.136864,33.571],[-94.128658,33.550952],[-94.088943,33.575322],[-94.061283,33.568805],[-94.055663,33.561887],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.06548,33.550909],[-94.04604,33.551321],[-94.04272,31.999265],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-93.923929,31.88985],[-93.904766,31.890599],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.827451,31.777741],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.802694,31.697783],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.834924,31.586211],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.743376,31.525196],[-93.725925,31.504092],[-93.74987,31.475276],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.674117,31.397681],[-93.665052,31.363886],[-93.687851,31.309835],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.598828,31.174679],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.535097,31.185614],[-93.551693,31.097258],[-93.52301,31.065241],[-93.516943,31.032584],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.566017,31.004567],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.554057,30.824941],[-93.561666,30.807739],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.611192,30.718053],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.684329,30.592586],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.697828,30.443838],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.708645,30.288317],[-93.705083,30.242752],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.701252,30.137376],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.732485,30.088914],[-93.70082,30.056274],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.739734,30.023987],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.89847,29.771577],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.873941,29.73777],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.866981,29.673085],[-94.001406,29.681486],[-94.132577,29.646217],[-94.594853,29.467903],[-94.694158,29.415632],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.783131,29.375642],[-94.766848,29.393489],[-94.6724,29.476843],[-94.608557,29.483345],[-94.566674,29.531988],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.503429,29.54325],[-94.522421,29.545672],[-94.553988,29.573882],[-94.740699,29.525858],[-94.783296,29.535314],[-94.78954,29.546494],[-94.755237,29.562782],[-94.708741,29.625226],[-94.693154,29.694453],[-94.695317,29.723052],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-94.851108,29.721373],[-94.872551,29.67125],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.915413,29.656614],[-94.936089,29.692704],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.015636,29.639457],[-94.982936,29.60167],[-95.016889,29.548303],[-94.981916,29.511141],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.930861,29.450504],[-94.8908,29.433432],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-94.921593,29.281556],[-94.952526,29.290122],[-95.099101,29.173529],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-95.136221,29.084537],[-94.879239,29.285839],[-94.824953,29.306005],[-94.822307,29.344254],[-94.810696,29.353435],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.081773,29.111222],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-95.439594,28.859022],[-95.812504,28.664942],[-96.220376,28.491966],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-96.37596,28.401682],[-96.335119,28.437795],[-96.223825,28.495067],[-96.21505,28.509679],[-95.98616,28.606319],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-95.996338,28.658736],[-96.006516,28.648049],[-96.047737,28.649067],[-96.221784,28.580364],[-96.233998,28.596649],[-96.212624,28.622604],[-96.230944,28.641433],[-96.192267,28.687744],[-96.19583,28.69894],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.304227,28.671459],[-96.303718,28.644996],[-96.373439,28.626675],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.485907,28.607845],[-96.510844,28.61497],[-96.499648,28.635835],[-96.563262,28.644487],[-96.572931,28.667897],[-96.561226,28.696395],[-96.584091,28.722798],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.61059,28.638889],[-96.61975,28.627693],[-96.611099,28.585962],[-96.565297,28.5824],[-96.561226,28.570695],[-96.526111,28.557972],[-96.505755,28.525911],[-96.402446,28.449066],[-96.59176,28.357462],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.705247,28.348811],[-96.710336,28.406827],[-96.772209,28.408074],[-96.794554,28.365688],[-96.791761,28.31217],[-96.809573,28.290287],[-96.787181,28.255681],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-96.962755,28.123365],[-97.027014,28.148408],[-97.021303,28.1841],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.176444,28.059892],[-97.137421,28.057037],[-97.025693,28.11216],[-97.035528,28.084688],[-97.025859,28.041939],[-97.129168,27.919801],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.219738,27.823939],[-97.250797,27.876035],[-97.272253,27.881427],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.393291,27.782905],[-97.368355,27.741683],[-97.316446,27.712676],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.294054,27.5941],[-97.321535,27.571199],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.508304,27.275014],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.544437,27.284175],[-97.498126,27.308602],[-97.502706,27.322343],[-97.483877,27.338628],[-97.48693,27.358984],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.63146,27.28621],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.628916,27.242953],[-97.54291,27.229213],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.443673,27.116235],[-97.45665,27.099695],[-97.495836,27.094098],[-97.477515,27.066108],[-97.48693,27.057711],[-97.486676,27.03481],[-97.473444,27.02285],[-97.478533,26.999186],[-97.555378,26.99028],[-97.555378,26.93888],[-97.540874,26.90631],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.509831,26.803511],[-97.468609,26.740915],[-97.445708,26.609362],[-97.416955,26.553637],[-97.441383,26.455418],[-97.41721,26.44982],[-97.42179,26.417249],[-97.382485,26.411326],[-97.369627,26.394603],[-97.388965,26.36585],[-97.387947,26.330481],[-97.358176,26.356435],[-97.335275,26.355672],[-97.336802,26.331753],[-97.352833,26.318521],[-97.343927,26.267376],[-97.311866,26.273737],[-97.307031,26.253126],[-97.32128,26.236078],[-97.296598,26.200709],[-97.306776,26.159487],[-97.282094,26.120301],[-97.294054,26.11394],[-97.270898,26.086459],[-97.199651,26.077044],[-97.195071,26.04193],[-97.224842,26.027426],[-97.219244,25.996128],[-97.208557,25.991802],[-97.167208,26.007069],[-97.162628,26.023482],[-97.18273,26.053126],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.146294,25.955606],[-97.276707,25.952147],[-97.277163,25.935438],[-97.350398,25.925241],[-97.37443,25.907444],[-97.360082,25.868874],[-97.372864,25.840117],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.454727,25.879337],[-97.521762,25.886458],[-97.546421,25.934077],[-97.582565,25.937857],[-97.583044,25.955443],[-97.598043,25.957556],[-97.643708,26.016943],[-97.758838,26.032131],[-97.789823,26.04246],[-97.801344,26.060017],[-97.868235,26.056656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Texas\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61228b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27202,"text":"wri964115 - 1996 - Geohydrology of stratified drift and streamflow in the Deerfield River basin, northwestern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri964115","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4115","title":"Geohydrology of stratified drift and streamflow in the Deerfield River basin, northwestern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study of the geohydrology of stratified drift and streamflow in the Deerfield River Basin, northwestern Massachusetts. Detailed hydrologic information is needed to plan for the optimal use of ground-water and surface-water resources and for development of new drinking-water supplies in the basin. Sources and percentage of water available for recharge on an annual basis from October 1993 to September 1994, to the fine-grained stratified-drift in a narrow valley bordered by upland till and bedrock were: (1) direct infiltration of precipitation on the valley (30 percent); (2) tributary loss from an upland brook as it crosses the valley (7 percent); and (3) ground- and surface-water runoff from the uplands (63 percent). Seventy percent of recharge was available from upland sources. Seasonal variation in recharge caused changes in ground-water levels and flow directions. In early spring, the direction of flow is toward the valley axis, but in late summer, the direction of flow is nearly parallel to the valley axis. Field observations and results of a ground-water flow simulation indicated that water available for recharge was greater than actual recharge during the spring snowmelt and during intense precipitation events. In 1994, estimates of water available for recharge were greater than actual recharge by 10 percent in March and by 60 percent in April; actual recharge to the valley on an annual basis from October 1993 to September 1994 was 20 percent less than original estimates. A map showing thickness of stratified drift in the Connecticut Valley Lowlands indicates a deep north-south trending buried valley. Maximum thickness of the stratified drift is 385 feet. Interpretation of a seismic-reflection survey indicates fine-grained stratified drift may be underlain by coarse-grained deposits ranging in thickness from 0 to 150 feet. Hydraulic properties of the stratified drift were calculated from ground-water-level fluctuations induced by river stage changes using a ground-water-flow model for a site adjacent to the Deerfield River. A comparison of measured and simulated heads resulted in a vertical riverbed hydraulic conductivity of 3 feet per day, anisotropic ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity of 40:1, and storage of 0.040 and 0.0002 for the unconfined and confined layers of the stratified drift. Hydraulic diffusivity (transmissivity divided by the unconfined storage) at the site is about 168,000 feet squared per day. Streamflows at times of low flow were determined for 27 sites that drain areas ranging from 0.57 to 15.8 percent stratified drift. Streamflows exceeded between 80 and 99 percent of the time were determined for sites on the unregulated tributaries to the Deerfield River. Streamflows per square mile of drainage area were greatest from sites at the downstream ends of the North River-Colrain and the Deerfield River-Charlemont stratified-drift valleys. Flow-duration curves for three continuous streamflow-gaging stations on the regulated Deerfield River were compared to flow-duration curves for three continuous streamflow-gaging stations on unregulated tributaries to show the effects of dam regulation on streamflow. Flow- duration curves constructed using instantaneous discharges for the three regulated gaging stations have flat sections that correspond to the predominant streamflows when water is being released from storage from the dams.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964115","usgsCitation":"Friesz, P., 1996, Geohydrology of stratified drift and streamflow in the Deerfield River basin, northwestern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4115, v, 49 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964115.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4115/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56074,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4115/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56075,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8a24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friesz, P.J.","contributorId":41041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25028,"text":"pp1414A - 1996 - Analysis of regional aquifers in the central Midwest of the United States in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T20:57:45.682307","indexId":"pp1414A","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1414","chapter":"A","title":"Analysis of regional aquifers in the central Midwest of the United States in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Summary","docAbstract":"<p>Large quantities of ground water are available for use from three regional aquifer systems in the central Midwest of the United States. Parts of the lowermost aquifer contain nearly immobile brine and may be hydrologically suitable for material storage or waste disposal. Results of numerical modeling and geochemical analyses confirm general concepts of ground-water flow in the regional aquifer systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1414A","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, D.G., Helgesen, J.O., Signor, D., Leonard, R.B., Imes, J., and Christenson, S.C., 1996, Analysis of regional aquifers in the central Midwest of the United States in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Summary: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1414, vii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1414A.","productDescription":"vii, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410816,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4870.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54036,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1414a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1414a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.67773437499999,\n              36.59788913307022\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.6455078125,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.294921875,\n              34.19817309627726\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.46093749999999,\n              34.66935854524543\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.56054687499999,\n              36.06686213257888\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1650390625,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6484375,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.658203125,\n              39.639537564366684\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.8447265625,\n              40.48038142908172\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6796875,\n              43.48481212891603\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              43.389081939117496\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.1171875,\n              42.09822241118974\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6005859375,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.67773437499999,\n              36.59788913307022\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6801b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgensen, Donald G.","contributorId":19537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helgesen, J. O.","contributorId":62600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgesen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Signor, D. C.","contributorId":95100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signor","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leonard, R. B.","contributorId":32917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Imes, J. L.","contributorId":61428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christenson, S. C.","contributorId":98320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":32945,"text":"pp1410E - 1996 - Hydrology of the southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in South Carolina and parts of Georgia and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T10:27:03","indexId":"pp1410E","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1410","chapter":"E","title":"Hydrology of the southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in South Carolina and parts of Georgia and North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The wedge of sediments present beneath the Coastal Plain of South Carolina and adjacent parts of Georgia and North Carolina consists of sand, silt, clay, and limestone. These strata have been subdivided into six regional aquifers: the surficial aquifer, the Floridan aquifer system, the Tertiary sand aquifer, the Black Creek aquifer, the Middendorf aquifer, and the Cape Fear aquifer. Intervening confining units separate the aquifers, except for the Floridan aquifer system and the Tertiary sand aquifer, which together function as a single hydrologic unit.</p>\n<p>The quality of ground water from the Coastal Plain aquifers of South Carolina generally is acceptable for most uses in most areas. The water in most aquifers under most of the Coastal Plain contains low concentrations of dissolved solids (less than 500 milligrams per liter) and no dominant constituents in the recharge areas. Downgradient, the water is a calcium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate type throughout most of the Coastal Plain. Sodium-chloride-type water is present still farther downgradient, near the coast.</p>\n<p>A quasi-three-dimensional, finite-difference digital ground-water flow model was constructed to simulate flow in the Coastal Plain aquifers prior to development. The model also was used to evaluate the hydraulic responses to pumping that have occurred up to November 1982. The model consisted of five layers and a 48 by 63 node grid with a uniform square grid cell of 4 miles on a side.</p>\n<p>The Coastal Plain aquifers are recharged primarily by precipitation in their outcrop areas. Discharge is primarily as base flow to upper Coastal Plain rivers, to overlying aquifers by leakage through confining units, and to wells.</p>\n<p>Total simulated flow in the deep ground-water system was 967 cubic feet per second at the end of the transient simulation (1982). Recharge to the deep flow system simulated by the model was 793 cubic feet per second in the study area in 1982. Simulated aquifer discharge to large rivers was 660 cubic feet per second. Discharge to smaller rivers was not simulated because of the scale of the model.</p>\n<p>Changes resulting from ground-water pumping were significant as of 1982. The simulated water budget indicates that in 1982, 249 cubic feet per second were discharged from the aquifer system by wells. This pumping was balanced by the following changes from predevelopment conditions: 110 cubic feet per second derived from storage, 67 cubic feet per second decrease in aquifer-to-river discharge, 44 cubic feet per second increase in net inflow from source-sinks, and a net increase in inflow of 28 cubic feet per second across boundaries. Head declines in the Black Creek and Middendorf aquifers have occurred throughout much of the eastern part of the Coastal Plain of South Carolina as a result of pumping in the Myrtle Beach and Florence areas. Simulation indicates that the dominant sources of water for upper Coastal Plain pumping centers such as the city of Florence are decrease in flow to rivers in the upper Coastal Plain and water derived from storage. The dominant sources of water for pumping centers in the Myrtle Beach area are water derived from storage, leakage from overlying aquifers, and net increases in inflow across boundaries.</p>\n<p>Transmissivity values used in the flow simulation range from less than 1,000 feet squared per day near the updip limit of most aquifers to about 30,000 feet squared per day in the Middendorf aquifer in the Savannah River Plant area. Vertical hydraulic conductivity values used in simulation of confining units range from about 6x10<sup>-7</sup> feet per day for the confining unit between the Middendorf and Black Creek aquifers in coastal areas to 3x10<sup>-2</sup> feet per day for most of the confining units near their updip limits. Storage coefficients used in transient simulations were 0.15 where unconfined conditions exist and 0.0005 where confined conditions exist.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/pp1410E","usgsCitation":"Aucott, W.R., 1996, Hydrology of the southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in South Carolina and parts of Georgia and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1410, vii, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1410E.","productDescription":"vii, 83 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":60848,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410e/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":121869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410e/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.87060546875,\n              34.94899072578227\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              34.34343606848294\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.353759765625,\n              33.706062655101206\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.265625,\n              33.293803558346596\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.134033203125,\n              31.194007509998823\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.47509765625,\n              32.26855544621479\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.167724609375,\n              33.348884792201694\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.838134765625,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.49731445312499,\n              34.97600151317591\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.12353515625,\n              35.60371874069731\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.87060546875,\n              34.94899072578227\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc79f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aucott, Walter R.","contributorId":90275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38244,"text":"pp1409C - 1996 - Geochemistry and isotope hydrology of representative aquifers in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:51","indexId":"pp1409C","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1409","chapter":"C","title":"Geochemistry and isotope hydrology of representative aquifers in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","docAbstract":"This report briefly describes the general quality and chemical character of the ground water, discusses in detail the geochemical and hydrologic processes that produce the chemical and isotopic compositions of water in the two principal types of aquifers (basin fill and carbonate rock), delineates flow systems in carbonate-rock aquifers of southern Nevada, and discusses ground-water ages and flow velocities within the carbonate-rock systems.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1409C","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.M., Welch, A., and Dettinger, M.D., 1996, Geochemistry and isotope hydrology of representative aquifers in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1409, p. C1-C100; 2 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1409C.","productDescription":"p. C1-C100; 2 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104636,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4861.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4861"},{"id":122124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64621,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64622,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64623,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab74f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J. M.","contributorId":62217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, A. H.","contributorId":14836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":219415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26773,"text":"wri964172 - 1996 - Summary of biological and contaminant investigations related to stream water quality and environmental setting in the Upper Colorado River basin, 1938-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T16:53:29","indexId":"wri964172","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4172","title":"Summary of biological and contaminant investigations related to stream water quality and environmental setting in the Upper Colorado River basin, 1938-95","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, an inventory of the biological and contaminant investigations for the Upper Colorado River Basin study unit was conducted. To enhance the sampling design for the biological component of the program, previous studies about the ecology of aquatic organisms and contaminants were compiled from computerized literature searches of biological data bases and by contacting other Federal, State, and local agencies. Biological and contaminant investigations that have been conducted throughout the basin since 1938 were categorized according to four general categories of biological investigations and two categories of contaminant investigations: algal communities, macroinvertebrate communities, fish communities, habitat characterization, contaminants in organism tissue, and contaminants in bed sediment. The studies were identified by their locations in two physiographic provinces, the Southern Rocky Mountains and the Colorado Plateau, and by the predominant land use in the area of the investigation. Studies on algal communities and contaminants in organism tissue and in bed sediment are limited throughout the basin. Studies on macroinvertebrate and fish communities and habitat characterization are the most abundant in the study unit. Natural and human factors can affect biological communities and their composition. Natural factors that affect background water-quality conditions are physiography, climate, geology, and soils. Algae, macroinvertebrates, and fish that are present in the Southern Rocky Mountains and the Colorado Plateau physiographic provinces vary with altitude and physical environment. Green algae and diatoms are predominant in the higher altitude streams, and blue-green, golden-brown, and green algae are predominant in the lower altitude streams. Caddisflies, mayflies, and stoneflies are the dominant macroinvertebrates in the higher altitudes, whereas aquatic worms, leeches, and dragonflies are more common at lower altitudes. Cold-water species, such as trout, are present at the higher altitudes, and warmer water species, such as catfish, carp, and suckers, are predominant at the lower altitudes. Human factors that affect water-quality conditions are mining, urbanization, agriculture, and hydrologic modifications. Mining areas can be depleted of organisms or contain a low diversity of species. Acid-tolerant algae, such as certain species of green algae and diatoms, and metal-tolerant caddisflies can be present in mining areas. Urbanized areas are located in the Southern Rocky Mountains and in the Colorado Plateau and contain species characteristic of the physiographic provinces. Agricultural areas contain species, such as blue-green algae, aquatic worms, suckers, and carp, that can tolerate organic enrichment, sedimentation, and lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964172","usgsCitation":"Deacon, J.R., and Stephens, V.C., 1996, Summary of biological and contaminant investigations related to stream water quality and environmental setting in the Upper Colorado River basin, 1938-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4172, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964172.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55660,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4172/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 96-4172"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e488ee4b07f02db51e673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deacon, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-5793-6940 jrdeacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-6940","contributorId":2786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrdeacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, Verlin C.","contributorId":34479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Verlin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28109,"text":"wri964267 - 1996 - A three-dimensional method-of-characteristics solute-transport model (MOC3D)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T16:34:31","indexId":"wri964267","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4267","title":"A three-dimensional method-of-characteristics solute-transport model (MOC3D)","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents a model, MOC3D, that simulates three-dimensional solute transport in flowing ground water. The model computes changes in concentration of a single dissolved chemical constituent over time that are caused by advective transport, hydrodynamic dispersion (including both mechanical dispersion and diffusion), mixing (or dilution) from fluid sources, and mathematically simple chemical reactions (including linear sorption, which is represented by a retardation factor, and decay). The transport model is integrated with MODFLOW, a three-dimensional ground-water flow model that uses implicit finite-difference methods to solve the transient flow equation. MOC3D uses the method of characteristics to solve the transport equation on the basis of the hydraulic gradients computed with MODFLOW for a given time step. This implementation of the method of characteristics uses particle tracking to represent advective transport and explicit finite-difference methods to calculate the effects of other processes. However, the explicit procedure has several stability criteria that may limit the size of time increments for solving the transport equation; these are automatically determined by the program. For improved efficiency, the user can apply MOC3D to a subgrid of the primary MODFLOW grid that is used to solve the flow equation. However, the transport subgrid must have uniform grid spacing along rows and columns. The report includes a description of the theoretical basis of the model, a detailed description of input requirements and output options, and the results of model testing and evaluation. The model was evaluated for several problems for which exact analytical solutions are available and by benchmarking against other numerical codes for selected complex problems for which no exact solutions are available. These test results indicate that the model is very accurate for a wide range of conditions and yields minimal numerical dispersion for advection-dominated problems. Mass-balance errors are generally less than 10 percent, and tend to decrease and stabilize with time. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964267","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., Goode, D., and Hornberger, G., 1996, A three-dimensional method-of-characteristics solute-transport model (MOC3D): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4267, Report: x, 87 p.; HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964267.","productDescription":"Report: x, 87 p.; HTML","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4267/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2162,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/software/moc3d.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56938,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4267/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a563a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goode, D.J. 0000-0002-8527-2456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":95512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornberger, G.Z.","contributorId":71582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24704,"text":"ofr96660 - 1996 - Status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia; summary of hydrologic and climatic data, January 1994 through September 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"ofr96660","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-660","title":"Status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia; summary of hydrologic and climatic data, January 1994 through September 1996","docAbstract":"This report describes the status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia. Data presented are from January 1994 through September 1996, with a focus on data from July through September 1996 (third quarter of 1996). A complete database of ground-water withdrawals and chloride-concentration records since 1985 is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey. Total rainfall for the period July through September 1996 was 8.94 inches, which is 60 percent less than the mean rainfall of 22.23 inches for the period July through September. July and August are part of the annual dry season, while September is the start of the annual wet season. Ground-water withdrawal during July through September 1996 averaged 1,038,300 gallons per day. Withdrawal for the same 3 months in 1995 averaged 888,500 gallons per day. Ground-water withdrawals have steadily increased since about April 1995. At the end of September 1996, the chloride concentration of water from the elevated tanks at Cantonment and Air Operations were 68 and 150 milligrams per liter, respectively. The chloride concentration from all five production areas increased throughout the third quarter of 1996, and started the upward trend in about April 1995. Chloride concentration of ground water in monitoring wells at Cantonment and Air Operations also increased throughout the third quarter of 1996, with the largest increases from water in the deepest monitoring wells. Chloride concentrations have not been at this level since the dry season of 1994. A fuel-pipeline leak at Air Operations in May 1991 decreased total islandwide withdrawals by 15 percent. This lost pumping capacity is being offset by increased pumpage at Cantonment. Six wells do not contribute to the water supply because they are being used to hydraulically divert fuel migration away from water-supply wells by a program of ground-water withdrawal and injection.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96660","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Torikai, J., 1996, Status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia; summary of hydrologic and climatic data, January 1994 through September 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-660, v, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96660.","productDescription":"v, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0660/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53737,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0660/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486fe4b07f02db50ce10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torikai, J.D.","contributorId":93926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torikai","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30305,"text":"wri964061 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow, Picatinny Arsenal and vicinity, Morris County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T09:48:02","indexId":"wri964061","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4061","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow, Picatinny Arsenal and vicinity, Morris County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Ground-water flow in glacial sediments and bedrock at Picatinny Arsenal, N.J., was simulated by use of a three-dimensional finite-difference ground- water-flow model. The modeled area includes a 4.3-square-mile area that extends from Picatinny Lake to the Rockaway River. Most of the study area is bounded by the natural hydrologic boundaries of the ground-water system. eophysical logs, lithologic logs, particle-size data, and core data from selected wells and surface geophysical data were analyzed to define the hydrogeologic framework. Hydrogeologic sections and thickness maps define six permeable and three low-permeability layers that are represented in the model as aquifers and confining units, respectively. Hydrologic data incorporated in the model include a rate of recharge from precipitation of 22 inches per year, estimated from long-term precipitation records and estimates of evapotranspiration. Additional recharge from infiltration along valleys was estimated from measured discharge of springs along the adjacent valley walls and from estimates of runoff from upland drainage that flows to the valley floor. Horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities of permeable and low-permeability layers were estimated from examination of aquifer-test data, gamma-ray logs, borehole cuttings, and previously published data. Horizontal hydraulic conductivities in glacial sediments range from 10 to 380 feet per day. Vertical hydraulic conductivities of the low-permeability layers range from 0.01 to 0.7 feet per day. The model was calibrated by simulating steady-state conditions during 1989-93 and by closely matching simulated and measured ground-water levels, vertical ground-water-head differences, and streamflow gain and loss. Simulated steady-state potentiometric- surface maps produced for the six permeable layers indicate that ground water in the unconfined material within Picatinny Arsenal flows predominantly toward the center of the valley, where it discharges to Green Pond Brook. Beneath the upper confining unit, ground water flows southwestward, down the valley. Between First Street and Farley Avenue, the upper confining unit pinches out near the valley walls, resulting in a major input of water to, and causing a local potentiometric high in, the underlying aquifer layers. Ground-water-flow directions southwest of the southern arsenal boundary are predominantly to the Rockaway River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964061","usgsCitation":"Voronin, L., and Rice, D., 1996, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow, Picatinny Arsenal and vicinity, Morris County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4061, vi, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964061.","productDescription":"vi, 64 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4061/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59097,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4061/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59098,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4061/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Morris County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-74.7684,40.9112],[-74.7598,40.9126],[-74.7556,40.9126],[-74.7507,40.9144],[-74.7471,40.9158],[-74.7422,40.9189],[-74.7386,40.919],[-74.7355,40.9181],[-74.7343,40.9162],[-74.7301,40.9144],[-74.7252,40.9149],[-74.7191,40.9122],[-74.7148,40.9086],[-74.7136,40.9049],[-74.7124,40.9018],[-74.7106,40.8995],[-74.7051,40.8991],[-74.6978,40.9045],[-74.6905,40.9068],[-74.6735,40.9114],[-74.6638,40.9159],[-74.662,40.9173],[-74.6589,40.9195],[-74.6577,40.92],[-74.6571,40.92],[-74.6547,40.9205],[-74.6535,40.9209],[-74.6528,40.9214],[-74.6522,40.9236],[-74.6528,40.9245],[-74.6541,40.9268],[-74.6529,40.9291],[-74.6523,40.93],[-74.651,40.9309],[-74.6498,40.9318],[-74.6413,40.9363],[-74.6407,40.9368],[-74.6401,40.9373],[-74.6371,40.9409],[-74.6352,40.9454],[-74.6353,40.9463],[-74.6353,40.9477],[-74.6353,40.9495],[-74.6359,40.9518],[-74.6365,40.9527],[-74.6389,40.9549],[-74.6407,40.9563],[-74.6426,40.959],[-74.6426,40.9618],[-74.6414,40.9627],[-74.611,40.9922],[-74.6074,40.9949],[-74.6043,40.9972],[-74.6031,40.9985],[-74.6013,40.9999],[-74.5994,41.0017],[-74.5976,41.0031],[-74.549,41.0457],[-74.5477,41.0467],[-74.5465,41.0485],[-74.5356,41.058],[-74.5301,41.063],[-74.5203,41.0716],[-74.5026,41.0857],[-74.4929,41.083],[-74.4856,41.0766],[-74.4844,41.0712],[-74.4838,41.0694],[-74.4856,41.0666],[-74.4874,41.0639],[-74.4905,41.0616],[-74.4923,41.0616],[-74.4935,41.0612],[-74.4972,41.0575],[-74.502,41.0453],[-74.5033,41.0408],[-74.5014,41.0353],[-74.4984,41.0344],[-74.4953,41.0353],[-74.4917,41.038],[-74.4893,41.0403],[-74.4862,41.0426],[-74.4819,41.0453],[-74.4673,41.0494],[-74.4557,41.0544],[-74.4503,41.0526],[-74.4466,41.0503],[-74.4423,41.0466],[-74.4326,41.0376],[-74.4308,41.0344],[-74.432,41.0317],[-74.4344,41.028],[-74.4363,41.0253],[-74.4363,41.0217],[-74.432,41.0203],[-74.4271,41.0221],[-74.4259,41.024],[-74.4241,41.0267],[-74.4204,41.0285],[-74.4162,41.0285],[-74.4107,41.0271],[-74.407,41.0258],[-74.4016,41.0235],[-74.3949,41.0171],[-74.3943,41.0144],[-74.3894,41.0126],[-74.3827,41.0121],[-74.3796,41.0121],[-74.3717,41.0126],[-74.3644,41.0148],[-74.3608,41.0144],[-74.3565,41.0153],[-74.3559,41.0139],[-74.3535,41.008],[-74.3504,41.008],[-74.3443,41.0075],[-74.3382,41.008],[-74.3352,41.0071],[-74.3322,41.0026],[-74.323,41.0021],[-74.3157,41.0016],[-74.3109,40.998],[-74.3011,40.9993],[-74.2957,40.998],[-74.2932,40.9943],[-74.292,40.9893],[-74.2957,40.9866],[-74.2981,40.9834],[-74.2988,40.9812],[-74.2988,40.9798],[-74.2969,40.978],[-74.2921,40.978],[-74.286,40.9775],[-74.2842,40.9753],[-74.2811,40.9689],[-74.2799,40.9653],[-74.2818,40.9603],[-74.2812,40.9589],[-74.2788,40.9539],[-74.28,40.9462],[-74.2831,40.9376],[-74.2873,40.9308],[-74.2892,40.9281],[-74.2892,40.9249],[-74.2856,40.9199],[-74.2837,40.9181],[-74.2801,40.9163],[-74.2752,40.9149],[-74.2722,40.9144],[-74.2691,40.9135],[-74.2667,40.9122],[-74.2655,40.9099],[-74.2673,40.9067],[-74.268,40.904],[-74.2698,40.9013],[-74.271,40.8995],[-74.2729,40.8954],[-74.2814,40.8945],[-74.285,40.8959],[-74.2856,40.8977],[-74.2856,40.899],[-74.2868,40.9],[-74.2911,40.9009],[-74.2923,40.9013],[-74.2929,40.9027],[-74.2947,40.904],[-74.2953,40.905],[-74.299,40.9054],[-74.3014,40.9054],[-74.305,40.9059],[-74.3093,40.905],[-74.313,40.9036],[-74.3178,40.9032],[-74.319,40.9045],[-74.3208,40.9073],[-74.3251,40.9082],[-74.3324,40.9073],[-74.3354,40.9046],[-74.3379,40.9005],[-74.3361,40.8946],[-74.3404,40.8805],[-74.3367,40.8751],[-74.3373,40.8705],[-74.3361,40.8683],[-74.3307,40.8669],[-74.3246,40.8637],[-74.324,40.8628],[-74.3271,40.8551],[-74.3283,40.8515],[-74.3313,40.8465],[-74.3289,40.8424],[-74.3301,40.8383],[-74.3308,40.8302],[-74.3344,40.8252],[-74.335,40.8211],[-74.335,40.8166],[-74.3381,40.8134],[-74.3411,40.8116],[-74.3484,40.812],[-74.3509,40.8102],[-74.3521,40.8043],[-74.3588,40.8025],[-74.3624,40.7994],[-74.3679,40.7948],[-74.3679,40.7903],[-74.3679,40.7808],[-74.3721,40.7758],[-74.3728,40.7721],[-74.3703,40.7676],[-74.3703,40.7649],[-74.3734,40.7613],[-74.3752,40.7594],[-74.3728,40.7585],[-74.3698,40.7585],[-74.3649,40.7563],[-74.3619,40.7554],[-74.3588,40.7549],[-74.3595,40.7531],[-74.3619,40.7517],[-74.3655,40.7504],[-74.3661,40.7472],[-74.3674,40.7426],[-74.3722,40.7377],[-74.3898,40.7259],[-74.391,40.7254],[-74.4032,40.7164],[-74.4038,40.7155],[-74.4123,40.71],[-74.4129,40.71],[-74.4214,40.7032],[-74.422,40.7032],[-74.4305,40.6946],[-74.4311,40.6933],[-74.4456,40.6878],[-74.4517,40.6856],[-74.4529,40.6833],[-74.4529,40.6819],[-74.4523,40.681],[-74.4517,40.6801],[-74.4517,40.6792],[-74.4541,40.6747],[-74.4554,40.6742],[-74.4584,40.6747],[-74.459,40.6747],[-74.4602,40.6747],[-74.462,40.6711],[-74.4729,40.6674],[-74.479,40.6661],[-74.4838,40.6652],[-74.4881,40.6647],[-74.4929,40.6629],[-74.4953,40.662],[-74.4972,40.6611],[-74.5026,40.6597],[-74.5044,40.6584],[-74.5057,40.6561],[-74.5075,40.6529],[-74.5105,40.6502],[-74.5154,40.6488],[-74.5214,40.6493],[-74.5263,40.6516],[-74.5275,40.6565],[-74.5281,40.6588],[-74.5287,40.6611],[-74.5299,40.6633],[-74.5323,40.6652],[-74.5329,40.667],[-74.5311,40.6683],[-74.5281,40.6706],[-74.5269,40.6747],[-74.5287,40.6783],[-74.5287,40.6847],[-74.5245,40.6878],[-74.5184,40.6888],[-74.516,40.6992],[-74.5202,40.7042],[-74.5257,40.7092],[-74.5269,40.7141],[-74.5305,40.7178],[-74.533,40.7191],[-74.5336,40.7205],[-74.5323,40.7223],[-74.533,40.7246],[-74.5317,40.7277],[-74.5354,40.7291],[-74.5408,40.7309],[-74.5487,40.7327],[-74.5499,40.7364],[-74.5487,40.7409],[-74.5518,40.7486],[-74.5536,40.7527],[-74.5554,40.7572],[-74.5572,40.759],[-74.5912,40.7509],[-74.5973,40.7495],[-74.6027,40.749],[-74.6191,40.7445],[-74.7276,40.7216],[-74.7312,40.7216],[-74.7337,40.7216],[-74.744,40.728],[-74.7513,40.7298],[-74.8005,40.7415],[-74.8175,40.7423],[-74.8217,40.7423],[-74.8235,40.7423],[-74.8296,40.7468],[-74.8345,40.75],[-74.84,40.7541],[-74.8442,40.7572],[-74.8503,40.7622],[-74.8546,40.7649],[-74.8674,40.7748],[-74.8722,40.778],[-74.8771,40.7816],[-74.885,40.7889],[-74.8753,40.7921],[-74.8669,40.7953],[-74.8639,40.8007],[-74.8632,40.8007],[-74.8535,40.8026],[-74.8481,40.8062],[-74.8432,40.8103],[-74.8414,40.8144],[-74.836,40.8185],[-74.8324,40.8235],[-74.8263,40.8321],[-74.8221,40.8335],[-74.8185,40.8362],[-74.8191,40.8426],[-74.821,40.8462],[-74.8204,40.8485],[-74.8173,40.8494],[-74.8094,40.8526],[-74.8101,40.8571],[-74.8089,40.8603],[-74.804,40.8617],[-74.804,40.8648],[-74.804,40.868],[-74.8059,40.8725],[-74.8071,40.8771],[-74.8065,40.8843],[-74.7999,40.888],[-74.7932,40.8898],[-74.7896,40.8907],[-74.7871,40.8975],[-74.7805,40.9021],[-74.772,40.9071],[-74.7684,40.9112]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Morris\",\"state\":\"NJ\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625293","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voronin, L. M.","contributorId":93486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voronin","given":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, D.E.","contributorId":44188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26472,"text":"wri964050 - 1996 - Ground-water hydrology, historical water use, and simulated ground-water flow in Cretaceous-age Coastal Plain aquifers near Charleston and Florence, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T12:53:36","indexId":"wri964050","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4050","title":"Ground-water hydrology, historical water use, and simulated ground-water flow in Cretaceous-age Coastal Plain aquifers near Charleston and Florence, South Carolina","docAbstract":"A quasi-three-dimensional, transient, digital, ground-water flow model representing the Coastal Plain aquifers of South Carolina, has been constructed to assist in defining the ground- water-flow system of Cretaceous aquifers near Charleston and Florence, S.C. Both cities are near the centers of large (greater than 150 feet) potentiometric declines in the Middendorf aquifer. In 1989, the diameter of the depressions was approximately 40 miles at Charleston and 15 miles at Florence. The potentiometric decline occurred between predevelopment (1926) and 1982 near Florence, and between predevelopment (1879) and 1989 near Charleston. The city of Charleston does not withdraw water from these aquifers; however, some of the small communities in the area use these aquifers for a potable water supply. The model simulates flow in and between four aquifer systems. The model has a variable-cell-size grid, and spans the Coastal Plain from the Savannah River in the southwest to the Cape Fear Arch in the northeast, and from the Fall Line in the northwest to approximately 30 miles offshore to the southeast. Model-grid cell size is 1 by 1 mile in a 48 by 48 mile area centered in Charleston, and in a 36 by 48 mile area centered in Florence. The model cell size gradually increases to a maximum of 4 by 4 miles outside the two study areas. The entire grid consists of 115 by 127 cells and covers an area of 39,936 square miles. The model was calibrated to historical water-level data. The calibration relied on three techniques: (1) matching simulated and observed potentiometric map surfaces, (2) statistical comparison of observed and simulated heads, and (3) comparison of observed and simulated well hydrographs. Systematic changes in model parameters showed that simulated heads are most sensitive to changes in aquifer transmissivity. Eight predictive ground-water-use scenarios were simulated for the Mount Pleasant area, which presently (1993) uses the Middendorf aquifer as a sole-source of potable water. These simulations use various combinations of spatial distribution, and injection of treated wastewater effluent for existing and future Middendorf aquifer wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/wri964050","usgsCitation":"Campbell, B.G., and van Heeswijk, M., 1996, Ground-water hydrology, historical water use, and simulated ground-water flow in Cretaceous-age Coastal Plain aquifers near Charleston and Florence, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4050, viii, 100 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964050.","productDescription":"viii, 100 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55291,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4050/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston, Florence","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.18920898437499,\n              32.59310597426537\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.65087890624999,\n              32.59310597426537\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.65087890624999,\n              33.03169299978312\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.18920898437499,\n              33.03169299978312\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.18920898437499,\n              32.59310597426537\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.013427734375,\n              34.043556504127444\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6014404296875,\n              34.043556504127444\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6014404296875,\n              34.334364487026306\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.013427734375,\n              34.334364487026306\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.013427734375,\n              34.043556504127444\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b10cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, B. G.","contributorId":68764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Heeswijk, Marijke heeswijk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Heeswijk","given":"Marijke","email":"heeswijk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27199,"text":"wri964101 - 1996 - Nutrient sources and analysis of nutrient water-quality data, Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, 1972-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T22:26:31.883944","indexId":"wri964101","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4101","title":"Nutrient sources and analysis of nutrient water-quality data, Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, 1972-90","docAbstract":"<p>In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey began full-scale implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. One of the initial tasks of the NAWQA program is to compile and evaluate existing data from individual study units. Available nutrient data from 1972 through 1990 water years were used to estimate nutrient sources to the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint (ACF) River basin and describe the presence, distribution, and transport of nutrients in surface and ground waters.</p><p>In 1990, about 2,500 tons of nitrogen and 1,100 tons of phosphorus were discharged as point-source loads by 127 municipal wastewater-treatment facilities&nbsp;(WWTF). Nonpoint-source inputs, an unknown percentage of which entered the hydrologic system, included about 120,000 tons of nitrogen and 28,000 tons of phosphorus from animal manure; 82,000 tons of nitrogen and 20,000 tons of phosphorus&nbsp;applied as fertilizer; and 24,000 tons of nitrogen from atmospheric deposition. Estimates of nutrient input to the ACF River basin were not made for natural sources and for the following anthropogenic sources: industrial-wastewater effluent; storm drains; sanitary and combined sewer outflows; and runoff from agricultural, urban, and suburban areas. Nutrient outflow from the Apalachicola River into Apalachicola Bay, Fla., was about 13 percent of estimated&nbsp;nitrogen sources and about 3 percent of estimated&nbsp;total-phosphorus sources in the ACF River basin.</p><p>For 1972–90, nutrient concentrations in surface water were high enough to warrant concerns about accelerated eutrophication based on total-phosphorus concentrations and to warrant concerns intermittently about toxicity to fish based on dissolved-ammonia concentrations downstream of wastewater-treatment outfalls from Metropolitan Atlanta and LaGrange, Ga. Many improvements to the water quality of the Chattahoochee&nbsp;and Flint Rivers in the 1980’s and early 1990’s can be directly attributed to improvements in WWTF, legislation directed at decreasing point-source loads of phosphorus, and changes in locations of wastewater-treatment outfalls. However, limited data indicate that nonpoint-source inputs increased upstream of Atlanta and in the Chipola River watershed.</p><p>Significant increases in nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields occurred from upstream to downstream of the metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Ga.; Columbus, Ga., and Phenix City, Ala.; and Albany, Ga. The highest mean-annual yields estimated in the ACF River basin for total nitrogen (2.9 tons per square mile (tons/mi<sup>2</sup>)), total-inorganic nitrogen (2.0 tons/mi<sup>2</sup>), dissolved ammonia (1.1 tons/mi<sup>2</sup>), and total phosphorus (0.75 tons/mi<sup>2</sup>) were downstream of Atlanta.</p><p>Most significant trends in nutrient-concentration data from 1980–90 in the Chattahoochee River and the Middle and Lower Flint River basins were increasing, except dissolved ammonia which decreased at several sampling sites in reaches downstream of Atlanta, Columbus and Phenix City, and Albany. At sampling sites on the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers downstream of Atlanta and Albany, decreasing trends in dissolved-ammonia concentration and increasing trends in dissolved-nitrate concentration were the result&nbsp;of improved wastewater treatment at WWTF. Dissolved-ammonia concentrations decreased and dissolved-nitrate concentrations increased along river reaches downstream of wastewater-treatment facility outfalls for Atlanta and Albany because of nitrification&nbsp;of ammonia to nitrate. Increasing trends in total-phosphorus concentrations are an accurate representation of data for the period 1980–90. However, legislated restrictions on the use of phosphate detergents and improvements to WWTF in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s, resulted in substantial&nbsp;reductions of phosphorus concentrations in&nbsp;wastewater effluent and in rivers at many locations in the 1990’s.</p><p>Reservoirs affect nutrient transport because of uptake by phytoplankton and aquatic plants, denitrification,and accumulation of phosphorus associated with sediment in reservoirs. Yields of total-inorganic nitrogen, dissolved ammonia, dissolved nitrate, and total phosphorus decreased between sampling sites upstream and downstream of four reservoirs on the Chattahoochee River. The only exception was the yield of dissolved ammonia increased slightly from upstream to downstream of Lake Sidney Lanier. Much of the nutrient load in the Chattahoochee River downstream of Atlanta is utilized by algae or settles out primarily in West Point Lake, and to a lesser extent, in Lake Harding and Walter F. George Reservoir.&nbsp;In general, the Flint River arm of Lake Seminole had significantly higher concentrations of nutrients than the Chattahoochee River arm of Lake Seminole, which may be the result of the large percentage&nbsp;of the Middle and Lower Chattahoochee River in backwater from reservoirs, the absence of reservoirs on the Flint River downstream of Albany until Lake Seminole, and nonpoint-source inputs of nutrients from intensively farmed areas in the Lower Flint River basin. Decreases in dissolved-ammonia, dissolved-nitrate, and total-phosphorus concentrations in reservoirs and backwater along the Chattahoochee&nbsp;River from West Point Lake to Lake Seminole during summer months are related to the seasonality of phytoplankton production.</p><p>The Chipola River had the highest yields of dissolved nitrate (1.2 tons/mi<sup>2</sup>) estimated in the ACF River basin. Estimated loads of dissolved nitrate increased fairly steadily from 500 to 1,500 tons per year from 1972–90. These factors strongly suggest an agricultural nonpoint source of elevated dissolved-nitrate concentrations from increased irrigated agriculture and fertilizer applications in the Chipola River watershed.</p><p>Analyses of nutrients in ground water within the ACF River basin for 1972–90 water years were restricted because of limited available data. The distribution of nitrate concentrations in the ACF River basin for 1972–90 water years included 10 percent of wells and 6 percent of springs with concentrations that probably have elevated nitrate concentrations (3.1 to 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L)), and 1 percent of wells with median nitrate concentrations exceeding the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L. Dissolved-nitrate concentrations were significantly lower in the Providence aquifer than in the Floridan aquifer system and the crystalline-rock aquifers. Dissolved-nitrate concentrations in wells used for public supply were significantly lower than in wells used for domestic use or unused wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964101","usgsCitation":"Frick, E.A., Buell, G.R., and Hopkins, E.H., 1996, Nutrient sources and analysis of nutrient water-quality data, Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, 1972-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4101, ix, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964101.","productDescription":"ix, 120 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_96_4101.jpg"},{"id":411753,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48459.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2141,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri96-4101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.869384765625,29.878755346037977],[-84.9847412109375,29.673735421779128],[-85.2044677734375,29.73099249532227],[-85.4241943359375,30.012030680358613],[-85.49011230468749,30.552800413453546],[-85.49560546875,32.16166284018013],[-85.27587890625,33.5963189611327],[-84.72656249999999,34.17090836352573],[-83.924560546875,34.6241677899049],[-83.64990234375,34.89494244739732],[-83.34228515625,34.56990638085636],[-83.583984375,33.8521697014074],[-84.375,33.22030778968541],[-83.73779296875,31.96148355726853],[-84.05639648437499,30.911651004518244],[-84.5068359375,30.64736425824319],[-84.869384765625,29.878755346037977]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frick, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":98714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buell, Gary R. grbuell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buell","given":"Gary","email":"grbuell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopkins, Evelyn H.","contributorId":59025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Evelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30090,"text":"wri964169 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and chemical quality of water and soil at Carroll Island, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"wri964169","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4169","title":"Hydrogeology and chemical quality of water and soil at Carroll Island, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"Carroll Island was used for open-air testing of chemical warfare agents  from the late 1940's until 1971.  Testing and disposal activities weresuspected of causing environmental contamination at 16 sites on the  island.  The hydrogeology and chemical quality of ground water, surface  water, and soil at these sites were investigated with borehole logs,  environmental samples, water-level measurements, and hydrologic tests.  A  surficial aquifer, upper confining unit, and upper confined aquifer were  defined.  Ground water in the surficial aquifer generally flows from the  east-central part of the island toward the surface-water bodies, butgradient reversals caused by evapotranspiration can occur during dry  seasons.  In the confined aquifer, hydraulic gradients are low, and  hydraulic head is affected by tidal loading and by seasonal pumpage from  the west.  Inorganic chemistry in the aquifers is affected by  brackish-water intrusion from gradient reversals and by dissolution ofcarboniferous shell material in the confining unit.The concentrations  of most inorganic constituents probably resulted from natural processes,  but some concentrations exceeded Federal water-quality regulations and  criteria.  Organic compounds were detected in water and soil samples at  maximum concentrations of 138 micrograms per liter (thiodiglycol in  surface water) and 12 micrograms per gram (octadecanoic acid in soil).Concentrations of organic compounds in ground water exceeded Federal  drinking-water regulations at two sites.  The organic compounds that weredetected in environmental samples were variously attributed to natural  processes, laboratory or field- sampling contamination, fallout from  industrial air pollution, and historical military activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964169","usgsCitation":"Tenbus, F., and Phillips, S., 1996, Hydrogeology and chemical quality of water and soil at Carroll Island, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4169, viii, 156 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964169.","productDescription":"viii, 156 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4169/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58904,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6275d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tenbus, F.J.","contributorId":45730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tenbus","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, S.W.","contributorId":6867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26669,"text":"wri954278 - 1996 - Influences of environmental settings on aquatic ecosystems in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T21:49:05.716986","indexId":"wri954278","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4278","title":"Influences of environmental settings on aquatic ecosystems in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin","docAbstract":"<p>The watershed boundary of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River basin defines an aquatic ecosystem whose water quality is the result of complex interactions of natural and human influences on land and water resources. Topics relating to the basin's environmental setting-its physical, biological, and cultural characteristics-are summarized to provide an understanding of factors that influence water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems.</p><p>The ACF River basin lies partly in southwestern Georgia, southeastern Alabama, and northwestern Florida and covers 19,800 square miles in the Blue Ridge, the Piedmont, and the Coastal Plain Provinces. The basin includes the drainages of the Chattahoochee River and the Flint River, which meet to form the Apalachicola River. The Apalachicola River flows into the Gulf of Mexico at Apalachicola Bay. Basin hydrology and water quality are influenced by 16 mainstem reservoirs, 13 of which are on the Chattahoochee River. Ground water in the basin is contained in six aquifers-the surficial aquifer system, the Floridan aquifer system, the Claiborne aquifer, the Clayton aquifer, the Providence aquifer, and the crystalline-rock aquifer.</p><p>Physiography, climate, and hydrology of the ACF River basin provide natural conditions that support a rich and abundant diversity of plants and animals. Although most of the ACF River basin has been altered by human activities, the basin's environment is noteworthy for its remaining biological diversity and the role it plays in sustaining biological productivity in Apalachicola Bay. The Bay produces 90 percent of Florida's and 13 percent of the Nation's oyster harvest; and functions as a nursery for penaeid shrimp, blue crabs, and a variety of fin fish. The diversity of the basin's aquatic fauna is noteworthy because the basin is home to (1) the largest number of fish species among Gulf Coast drainages east of the Mississippi River, (2) the largest assemblage of freshwater fish in Florida, (3) the largest number of mollusc species among western Florida drainages, and (4) the highest species density of amphibians and reptiles on the continent north of Mexico.</p><p>Population of the ACF River basin in 1990 was estimated at 2.6 million. Nearly 90 percent of the total population lived in Georgia, and nearly 60 percent lived in the Metropolitan Atlanta area. The 1990 basin population is projected to increase by 15 percent to 3.0 million by the year 2000, and by 30 percent to 3.4 million by 2010. The largest increases in populations are projected for the Metropolitan Atlanta area.</p><p>In 1972-76, approximately 59 percent of the basin was covered by forest, 29 percent was agricultural, 5 percent was wetland, 4 percent was urban, and 3 percent was water or barren land. Most of the original land cover of the basin has been transformed by human activity. Timber is the basin's largest cash crop and most forests consist of second-growth stands or large acreages of planted pine. The dominant agricultural land use in the Piedmont Province is pasture and confined feeding for dairy, livestock, and poultry production. Row-crop agriculture, orchards, and silviculture are most common in the Coastal Plain Province. The top five crops in order from most to least acres harvested in 1990 were peanuts, corn, soybeans, wheat, and cotton.</p><p>The water in the basin is used for public and industrial supply, irrigation, power generation, navigation, and recreation. Although most public-supply withdrawals in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Provinces are from surface-water sources, with the exception of counties near or immediately below the Fall Line, all publicly supplied water in the Coastal Plain is withdrawn from ground-water sources. Ground water supplied 18 percent of the basin's population served by public supply. Total water withdrawn in the ACF River basin in 1990 was 2,098 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), of which Georgia withdrew 82 percent and Florida and Alabama each withdrew 9 percent. Power generation is the single largest water use. Sixteen of the basin's 22 power generating plants are located along the mainstem of the Chattahoochee River. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers maintains a navigation channel from the mouth of the Apalachicola River to Columbus, Ga., on the Chattahoochee River and to Bainbridge, Ga., on the Flint River.</p><p>Water quality in the basin is influenced by the operation of 137 municipal wastewater-treatment facilities. In 1990, 354 Mgal/d of municipal wastewater was discharged within the ACF River basin. Eighty-eight percent of the wastewater was discharged into the Chattahoochee River basin, 10.6 percent into the Flint River basin, and 1.4 percent into the Apalachicola River basin.</p><p>Two-thirds of the 938 stream miles in the Georgia portion of the ACF River basin having water quality that does not meet or only partially meets the designated-use criteria in the Chattahoochee River basin. The Chattahoochee River is the most heavily-used water resource both in the ACF River basin and in Georgia. Urban runoff or unknown nonpoint sources are cited as the causes of water-quality regulations in 72 percent of violations. The remaining causes primarily are combined sewer overflows in the Atlanta area, and discharges from municipal or industrial treatment facilities with inadequate treatment capabilities or operational deficiencies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954278","usgsCitation":"Couch, C.A., Hopkins, E.H., and Hardy, P.S., 1996, Influences of environmental settings on aquatic ecosystems in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4278, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954278.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411748,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48352.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55537,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4278/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wrir95-4278/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4278/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.45,\n              34.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.45,\n              29.6267\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.5167,\n              29.6267\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.5167,\n              34.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.45,\n              34.8333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Couch, C. A.","contributorId":36972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couch","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, E. H.","contributorId":18411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardy, P. S.","contributorId":16461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29557,"text":"wri964039 - 1996 - Estimation of the recharge areas contributing water to the South Well Field, Columbus, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:39:45.717016","indexId":"wri964039","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4039","title":"Estimation of the recharge areas contributing water to the South Well Field, Columbus, Ohio","docAbstract":"The city of Columbus, Ohio, operates four radial collector wells, designed to yield 42 Mgal/d (million gallons per day), in southern Franklin County, Ohio, as part of their municipal supply of water. The collector wells are adjacent to, and designed to induce infiltration from, Big Walnut Creek and Scioto River. A previously constructed, three-dimensional, steady-state and transient ground-water-flow model of this river-aquifer system was used to estimate contributing recharge areas (CRA's) and calculate particle flowpaths in southern Franklin County. The simulations were of two steady-state periods (October 1979 and March 1986) and one 5-year transient period (March 1986---June 1991). The first simulation (1979) was of conditions before construction of the collector wells. The second simulation (1986) was of conditions when the collector wells were producing 8 Mgal/d. During the 5 years covered in the transient simulation, production at the well field averaged 18.5 Mgal/d. \r\n\r\nUnder the 1979 conditions, the largest ground-water contributing areas were of the quarries and Scioto River (41 and 47 percent of the study area, respectively). During 1986, when 8 Mgal/d was withdrawn, the primary contributing areas were of the quarries (40 percent), collector wells (34 percent), and rivers (8 percent). Travel times associated with simulated particles of water tracked from cells along Big Walnut Creek to their discharge points in cells along Scioto River were about 5 to 60 years in the 1979 simulation and about 7 to 41 years in the 1986 simulation. The endpoints of these particles varied as simulated pumping rates were increased to 22 Mgal/d. \r\n\r\nThe 1986, 10-year CRA's of the collector wells under 8 Mgal/d-conditions totalled about 4.5 mi2. As the pumping rate was increased to 22 Mgal/d in a predictive simulation, 10-year CRA's of the collector wells increased to 6.7mi2. \r\n\r\nBecause the transient simulation encompassed only 5 years, the 10-year CRA's could not be estimated from the transient simulation. However, the size of the 1- to 5-year CRA's for the transient simulation was similar to the size of the 1- to 5-year CRA's for a steady-state predictive simulation if well-field production were 16 Mgal/d. The transient simulations predicted discontinuous CRA's, especially adjacent to the rivers, due to changes in hydrologic stresses. Analyses of the steady-state and transient models showed that sizes of CRA's were most sensitive to changes in porosity, pumping rate, riverbed conductance, and horizontal hydraulic conductivity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964039","usgsCitation":"Schalk, C.W., 1996, Estimation of the recharge areas contributing water to the South Well Field, Columbus, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4039, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964039.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415480,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48407.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58386,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4039/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Columbus","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.0417,\n              39.8972\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0417,\n              39.8192\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9583,\n              39.8192\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9583,\n              39.8972\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0417,\n              39.8972\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schalk, C. W.","contributorId":64286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25434,"text":"wri964138 - 1996 - Detailed study of selenium and other constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, alfalfa, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Uncompahgre Project area and in the Grand Valley, west-central Colorado, 1991-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T14:26:25.607745","indexId":"wri964138","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4138","title":"Detailed study of selenium and other constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, alfalfa, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Uncompahgre Project area and in the Grand Valley, west-central Colorado, 1991-93","docAbstract":"<p>In 1985, the U.S. Department of the Interior began a program to study the effects of irrigation drainage in the Western United States. These studies were done to determine whether irrigation drainage was causing problems related to human health, water quality, and fish and wildlife resources. Results of a study in 1991-93 of irrigation drainage associated with the Uncompahgre Project area, located in the lower Gunnison River Basin, and of the Grand Valley, located along the Colorado River, are described in this report. The focus of the report is on the sources, distribution, movement, and fate of selenium in the hydrologic and biological systems and the effects on biota. Generally, other trace- constituent concentrations in water and biota were not elevated or were not at levels of concern. </p><p>Soils in the Uncompahgre Project area that primarily were derived from Mancos Shale contained the highest concentrations of total and watrer-extractable selenium. Only 5 of 128 alfalfa samples had selenium concentrations that exceeded a recommended dietary limit for livestock. Selenium data for soil and alfalfa indicate that irrigation might be mobilizing and redistributing selenium in the Uncompahgre Project area. </p><p>Distribution of dissolved selenium in ground water is affected by the aqueous geochemical environment of the shallow ground- water system. Selenium concentrations were as high as 1,300 micrograms per liter in water from shallow wells. The highest concentrations of dissolved selenium were in water from wells completed in alluvium overlying the Mancos Shale of Cretaceous age; selenium concentrations were lower in water from wells completed in Mancos Shale residuum. Selenium in the study area could be mobilized by oxidation of reduced selenium, desorption from aquifer sediments, ion exchange, and dissolution. Infiltration of irrigation water and, perhaps nitrate, provide oxidizing conditions for mobilization of selenium from alluvium and shale residuum and for transport to streams and irrigation drains that are tributary to the Gunnison, Uncompahgre, and Colorado Rivers. </p><p>Selenium concentrations in about 64 percent of water samples collected from the lower Gunnison River and about 50 percent of samples from the Colorado River near the Colorado-Utah State line exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency criterion of 5 micrograms per liter for protection of aquatic life. Almost all selenium concentrations in samples collected during the nonirrigation season from Mancos Shale areas exceeded the aquatic-life criterion. The maximum selenium concentrations in surface-water samples were 600 micrograms per liter in the Uncompahgre Project area and 380 micrograms per liter in the Grand Valley. </p><p>Irrigation drainage from the Uncompahgre Project and the Grand Valley might account for as much as 75 percent of the selenium load in the Colorado River near the Colorado-Utah State line. The primary source areas of selenium were the eastern side of the Uncompahgre Project and the western one-half of the Grand Valley, where there is extensive irrigation on soils derived from Mancos Shale. The largest mean selenium loads from tributary drainages were 14.0 pounds per day from Loutsenhizer Arroyo in the Uncompahgre Project and 12.8 pounds per day from Reed Wash in the Grand Valley. Positive correlations between selenium loads and dissolved-solids loads could indicate that salinity-control projects designed to decrease dissolved-solids loads also could decrease selenium loads from the irrigated areas. Selenium concentrations in irrigation drainage in the Grand Valley were much higher than concentrations predicted by simple evaporative concentration of irrigation source water. Selenium probably is removed from pond water by chemical and biological processes and incorporated into bottom sediment. The maximum selenium concentration in bottom sediment was 47 micrograms per gram from a pond on the eastern side of the Uncompahgre Project.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964138","usgsCitation":"Butler, D.L., Wright, W.G., Stewart, K.C., Osmundson, B.C., Krueger, R.P., and Crabtree, D., 1996, Detailed study of selenium and other constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, alfalfa, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Uncompahgre Project area and in the Grand Valley, west-central Colorado, 1991-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4138, ix, 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964138.","productDescription":"ix, 136 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4138/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54166,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4138/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465849,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48486.htm","text":"Grand Valley area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465850,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48487.htm","text":"Uncompahgre area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db530813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, D. L.","contributorId":36967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, W. G.","contributorId":19582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, K. C.","contributorId":46519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osmundson, B. C.","contributorId":15655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osmundson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krueger, R. P.","contributorId":8890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crabtree, D.W.","contributorId":10070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":22680,"text":"ofr96377 - 1996 - Digital geologic map of McAlester-Texarkana quadrangles, southeastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T19:10:22.109131","indexId":"ofr96377","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-377","title":"Digital geologic map of McAlester-Texarkana quadrangles, southeastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This data set consists of digital data and accompanying documentation of the surficial geology of the 1:250,000-scale McAlester and Texarkana quadrangles, Oklahoma. The original data are from the Geologic Map, sheet 1 of 4, included in Oklahoma Geological Survey publication, Reconnaissance of the water resources of the McAlester and Texarkana quadrangles, southeastern Oklahoma, Hydrologic Atlas 9, Marcher and Bergman, 1983. The geology was compiled by M.V. Marcher and D.L. Bergman, 1971, and revised by R.O. Fay, 1978.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96377","usgsCitation":"Cederstrand, J., 1996, Digital geologic map of McAlester-Texarkana quadrangles, southeastern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-377, 3 computer disks, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96377.","productDescription":"3 computer disks","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1436,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ok.water.usgs.gov/gis/geology/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420254,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_40015.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154604,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"McAlester-Texarkana quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              33.618\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.435,\n              33.618\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.435,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrand, J. R.","contributorId":91523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrand","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21976,"text":"ofr96145 - 1996 - National summary of hydrologic conditions and water-related events, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr96145","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-145","title":"National summary of hydrologic conditions and water-related events, water year 1993","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96145","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., Crowe, M., Brown, W., Fretwell, J.D., and Fry, K., 1996, National summary of hydrologic conditions and water-related events, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-145, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96145.","productDescription":"22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0145/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51451,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69838f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowe, Michael","contributorId":74404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowe","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, W.O.","contributorId":56252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fretwell, J. D.","contributorId":97933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fretwell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fry, K.L.","contributorId":69178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":21975,"text":"ofr96107 - 1996 - National summary of hydrologic conditions and water-related events, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr96107","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-107","title":"National summary of hydrologic conditions and water-related events, water year 1992","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96107","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., Crowe, M., Brown, W., and Fretwell, J.D., 1996, National summary of hydrologic conditions and water-related events, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-107, v, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96107.","productDescription":"v, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51450,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69839c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowe, Michael","contributorId":74404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowe","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, W.O.","contributorId":56252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fretwell, J. D.","contributorId":97933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fretwell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22683,"text":"ofr96380 - 1996 - Digital geologic map of Tulsa quadrangle, northeastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-05T16:52:24.253226","indexId":"ofr96380","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-380","title":"Digital geologic map of Tulsa quadrangle, northeastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This data set consists of digital data and accompanying documentation of the surficial geology of the 1:250,000-scale Tulsa quadrangle, Oklahoma. The original data are from the Geologic Map, sheet 1 of 4, included in the Oklahoma Geological Survey publication, 'Reconnaissance of the water resources of the Tulsa quadrangle, northeastern Oklahoma', Hydrologic Atlas 2, Marcher and Bingham, 1971. The geology was compiled by M.V. Marcher, in 1969.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96380","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cederstrand, J., 1996, Digital geologic map of Tulsa quadrangle, northeastern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-380, 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96380.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":463701,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0380/ofr96380.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":400187,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_40022.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Tulsa quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.533,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.533,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              36\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrand, J. R.","contributorId":91523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrand","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}