From December 1811 to February 1812, four large earthquakes (mb≥7.0) occurred in the New Madrid (Missouri) Seismic Zone (NMSZ). These have been the largest historical earthquakes in eastern North America. Although this area has been the focus of considerable seismological research, estimates of the repeat time of large-magnitude seismic events remain poorly constrained. Past estimates were primarily based on earthquake-frequency statistics and on paleoseismology studies. Johnston and Nava (1985) compiled historical seismicity data covering about 180 years and instrumental data covering 10 years, and they concluded that the repeat time for large-magnitude events (mb≥7.0) is between 500 and 1,100 yrs. However, this estimate is based on assumptions that the data set is representative of the seismicity of the region over the past 1,000 yrs, and that the relation between earthquake frequency and magnitude is constant (Johnston and Nava, 1985). Because these assumptions cannot be verified, this estimated recurrence interval of 550-1,100 hrs must be considered tentative (S. G. Wesnousky and L. M. Leffler, written commun., 1991). Investigation of exploratory trenches across the Reelfoot scarp in northwestern Tennessee documented the only unequivocal Holocene surface faulting in the upper Mississippi embayment (Russ and others, 1978; Russ, 1979). Fluvial sediment younger than about 2,250 yrs old is faulted, and the net vertical displacement is more than 3 m. Stratigraphic relations indicate at least two episodes of faulting occurred between about 2,250 yr B.P. and the 1811-12 events to estimate an average recurrence interval of less than 600 yrs for large-magnitude earthquakes in the NMSZ. However, inasmuch as Russ (1970) found no evidence for any historical offset on the Reelfoot scarp, the relation between the Reelfoot scarp and large paleoeartchquakes in the NMSZ has not been clearly established. The development of widespread liquefaction features suring the 1811-12 earthquake series (Obermeier, 1989, Obermeier and others, 1990) and the probably development of similar features during previous large-magnitude seismic events (mb≥6.2, Nuttli, 1982) have been the basis for several attempts to document the history of paleoliquefaction. Haller and Crone (1986) found evidence of only one episode of sand-blow development in exploratory trenches in late Pleistocene alluvium in eastern Arkansas and concluded that this liquefaction event was probably associated with the 1811-12 earthquake series. Saucier (1989) reported evidence of three liquefaction events in the past approximately 1,000 yrs in an exploratory trench in eastern Arkansas. On the basis of the apparent absence of post-depositional erosion separating the three sand-blow deposits, Saucier (1989) concluded that they formed in a relatively short period of time, probably during the 1811-12 earthquake series. Similarly, Schweig and Marple (1991) found evidence of only recent (probably 1811-12) liquefaction in exploratory trenched on late Wisconsin braided-stream deposits in southeastern Missouri. Leffler and Wesnousky (1991) and Wesnousky and Leffler (written commun., 1991) examined tens of kilometers of recently excavated drainage ditches in late Wisconsin braided-stream deposits in eastern Arkansas and found no evidence for prehistorical liquefaction events during the last 10,000 yrs. In contrast, Saucier (1991) estimated an average recurrence interval about 470 yrs on the basis of historical ages of liquefaction in the NMSZ. The lack of similar evidence from other sites implies a prehistorical liquefaction-producing seismic event in southeastern Missouri that was considerably smaller than the 1811-12 earthquake series. The apparent absence of paleoliquefaction features in late Wisconsin fluvial deposits in the zone of most intense 1811-12 liquefaction indicates that the repeat time of large (mb≥7.0) seismic events in the NMSZ is at least 10,000 yrs (Saucier, 1991; Wesnousky and Leffler, written commun., 1991). The present study was undertaken to verify this conclusion by documenting the record of liquefaction in late Wisconsin fluvial deposits along the Obion River, in northwestern Tennessee, This region was identified by Obermeier (1989) as an area deserving further study because of its proximity to the NMSZ and to areas of historical liquefaction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2218","usgsCitation":"Rodbell, D.T., and Bradley, L., 1993, Logs of exploratory trenches through liquefaction features on late Quaternary terraces in the Obion River Valley, northwestern Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2218, 2 Plates: 54.39 x 38.60 inches and 48.02 x 36.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2218.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 54.39 x 38.60 inches and 48.02 x 36.57 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284450,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2218/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2218/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2218.jpg"},{"id":489667,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5853.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Obion River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.3794,\n 36.2117\n ],\n [\n -89.3794,\n 36.1531\n ],\n [\n -89.1808,\n 36.1531\n ],\n [\n -89.1808,\n 36.2117\n ],\n [\n -89.3794,\n 36.2117\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd64f3e4b0b290850ffc52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodbell, Donald T.","contributorId":50404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodbell","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann bradley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"bradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":264289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30278,"text":"wri924050 - 1993 - Hydrology of the Hart Syncline area, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri924050","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4050","title":"Hydrology of the Hart Syncline area, northwestern Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924050","usgsCitation":"Van Liew, W.P., and Robson, S.G., 1993, Hydrology of the Hart Syncline area, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4050, vi, 97 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924050.","productDescription":"vi, 97 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4050/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59061,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4050/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59062,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601e76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Liew, W. P.","contributorId":78370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Liew","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robson, S. G.","contributorId":97102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20522,"text":"ofr93579A - 1993 - Bibliography of well-log applications; annual update, October 1, 1992 to September 30, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:43","indexId":"ofr93579A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-579","chapter":"A","title":"Bibliography of well-log applications; annual update, October 1, 1992 to September 30, 1993","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93579A","usgsCitation":"Prensky, S.E., 1993, Bibliography of well-log applications; annual update, October 1, 1992 to September 30, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-579, ii, 115 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93579A.","productDescription":"ii, 115 leaves ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0579a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50053,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0579a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prensky, S. E.","contributorId":13642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prensky","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18036,"text":"ofr93290 - 1993 - USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) in Northern California in FY93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:23","indexId":"ofr93290","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-290","title":"USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) in Northern California in FY93","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93290","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., 1993, USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) in Northern California in FY93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-290, 20 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93290.","productDescription":"20 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0290/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47282,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0290/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6116b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20528,"text":"ofr93579B - 1993 - Bibliography of well-log applications; annual update, October 1, 1992 to September 30, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:43","indexId":"ofr93579B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-579","chapter":"B","title":"Bibliography of well-log applications; annual update, October 1, 1992 to September 30, 1993","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93579B","usgsCitation":"Prensky, S.E., 1993, Bibliography of well-log applications; annual update, October 1, 1992 to September 30, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-579, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93579B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627c87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prensky, S. E.","contributorId":13642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prensky","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18758,"text":"ofr93115 - 1993 - Water-quality data for two surface coal mines reclaimed with alkaline waste or urban sewage sludge, Clarion County, Pennsylvania, May 1983 through November 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T08:09:24","indexId":"ofr93115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-115","title":"Water-quality data for two surface coal mines reclaimed with alkaline waste or urban sewage sludge, Clarion County, Pennsylvania, May 1983 through November 1989","docAbstract":"Water-quality and other hydrologic data for two surface coal mines in Clarion County, Pa., were collected during 1983-89 as part of studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. Water samples were collected from streams, seeps, monitor wells, and lysimeters on a monthly basis to evaluate changes in water quality resulting from the addition of alkaline waste or urban sewage sludge to the reclaimed mine-spoil surface. The mines are about 3.5 miles apart and were mined for bituminous coal of the upper and lower Clarion seams of the Allegheny Group of Pennsylvanian age. The coal had high sulfur (greater than 2 weight percent) concentrations. Acidic mine drainage is present at both mines. At one mine, about 8 years after mining was completed, large quantities (greater than 400 tons per acre) of alkaline waste consisting of limestone and lime-kiln flue dust were applied on two 2.5-acre plots within the 65-acre mine area. Water-quality data for the alkaline-addition plots and surrounding area were collected for 1 year before and 3 years after application of the alkaline additives (May 1983-July 1987). Data collected for the alkaline-addition study include ground-water level, surface-water discharge rate, temperature, specific conductance, pH, and concentrations of alkalinity, acidity, sulfate, iron (total and ferrous), manganese, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium. At the other mine, about 3.5 years after mining was completed, urban sewage sludge was applied over 60 acres within the 150-acre mine area. Waterquality data for the sludge-addition study were collected for 3.5 years after the application of the sludge (June 1986-December 1989). Data collected for the sludge-addition study include the above constituents plus dissolved oxygen, redox potential (Eh), and concentrations of dissolved solids, phosphorus, nitrogen species, sulfide, chloride, silica, sodium, potassium, cyanide, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, strontium, and zinc. Climatic data, including monthly average temperature and cumulative precipitation, from a nearby weather station for the period January 1983 through December 1989 also are reported.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93115","usgsCitation":"Dugas, D., Cravotta, C., and Saad, D.A., 1993, Water-quality data for two surface coal mines reclaimed with alkaline waste or urban sewage sludge, Clarion County, Pennsylvania, May 1983 through November 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-115, iv, 153 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93115.","productDescription":"iv, 153 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":48118,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0115/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e57de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugas, D.L.","contributorId":25820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugas","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, D. A.","contributorId":85212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26167,"text":"wri934001 - 1993 - Effects of well discharges on hydraulic heads in and spring discharges from the geothermal aquifer system in the Bruneau area, Owyhee County, southwestern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T20:53:42.580582","indexId":"wri934001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4001","title":"Effects of well discharges on hydraulic heads in and spring discharges from the geothermal aquifer system in the Bruneau area, Owyhee County, southwestern Idaho","docAbstract":"Demand for ground water in the 600- \nsquare-mile Bruneau study area has increased \nsince 1954 because of agricultural development. Declining flow at Indian Bathtub Spring \nis adversely affecting a unique species of snail \nthat inhabits the spring.\nThe Bruneau study area is underlain by \nsedimentary and volcanic rocks that form a \nregional geothermal aquifer. Sedimentary \nrocks range in thickness from zero in the \nsouthern part of the study area to more than \n3,000 feet in the northeastern corner. Volcanic \nrocks underlie the entire study area and extend \nsouthward to the Jarbidge Mountains. In the \ncentral part of the study area, the volcanic \nrocks are probably 2,000 to 3,000 feet thick. \nFor purposes of study, the regional geothermal \naquifer system was divided into sedimentary- \nand volcanic-rock aquifers.\nGround water flows northward through \nthe volcanic-rock aquifer to the sedimentary- \nrock aquifer, from areas of recharge along the \nJarbidge and Owyhee Mountains into the study \narea, where it is discharged as spring flow or \nleaves the study area as underflow. Prior to \nextensive ground-water development, about \n10,100 acre-feet was discharged by springs.\nGround-water discharge from wells \nbegan in the late 1890's. From the 1890's \nthrough 1951, annual discharge was less than \n10,000 acre-feet. From 1952 to 1978, annual \ndischarge increased to about 40,600 acre-feet. \nDuring 1978-91, well discharge declined from \nthe maximum of 49,900 acre-feet in 1981 to\n34,700 acre-feet in 1991. Through 1991, \nnearly 1,400,000 acre-feet of ground water \ndischarged from wells; about 546,000 acre-feet \ndischarged from 1978 through 1991. Most \npumped water is from the volcanic-rock \naquifer.\nGround-water development since the \nmid-1890's locally has modified the direction \nof water movement in both the sedimentary- \nand volcanic-rock aquifers. In 1989, ground \nwater moved toward four cones of depression \ncreated by pumping two in the northern part \nof the study area are in the sedimentary-rock \naquifer, two in the southern part are in the volcanic-rock aquifer. Pumping has caused \nhydraulic heads in the volcanic-rock aquifer to \ndecline more than 30 feet in much of the area \nand at least 70 feet in one well. About 1 mile \nfrom Indian Bathtub Spring, the water level \nin one well declined about 10 feet during \n1979-92, or about 0.7 feet per year.\nWithin the past 25 years, discharge from \nmonitored springs along Hot Creek and the \nBruneau River has declined, most notably \nfrom Indian Bathtub Spring. Discharge from \nIndian Bathtub Spring in 1964 was about \n2,400 gallons per minute, and by the summer \nof 1989, discharge was zero. Discharge began \nto decline in the mid-1960's when the rate of \nincrease in pumpage accelerated. In contrast, \ndischarge from Pence Hot Spring has ranged \nfrom about 700 gallons per minute to about \n1,100 gallons per minute.\nChanges in discharge from monitored \nsprings corresponded with changes in hydraulic head, which fluctuates seasonally, and are\nsubstantially less in late summer than in the \nspring. A hydraulic head/spring discharge \nrelation was developed for two sites at Indian \nBathtub Spring and a nearby test hole. The \nrelation for Indian Bathtub Spring indicated \nthat a spring discharge of 2,400 gallons per \nminute would relate to a hydraulic head of \nabout 2,708 feet at the spring, which is about \n34 feet higher than the head at zero spring \ndischarge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C., 1993, Effects of well discharges on hydraulic heads in and spring discharges from the geothermal aquifer system in the Bruneau area, Owyhee County, southwestern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4001, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934001.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"63","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423716,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47739.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54955,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4001/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4001/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Owyhee County","otherGeospatial":"Bruneau Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.25,41.5 ], [ -116.25,43.0 ], [ -115.0,43.0 ], [ -115.0,41.5 ], [ -116.25,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44008,"text":"ofr93118 - 1993 - Water Use in Wisconsin, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T09:53:35","indexId":"ofr93118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-118","title":"Water Use in Wisconsin, 1990","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION As part of the National Water-Use Information Program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stores water-use data in standardized format for different categories of water use. The data base (Site Specific Water Use Data System) is updated annually or as more current water-use information becomes available. Information about amounts of water withdrawn, sources of water, how the water was used, and how much water was returned is available to those involved in establishing water-resource policy and to those managing water resources. In 1978, the USGS entered into a cooperative program with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) to inventory water use in Wisconsin. Since that time, two reports that summarize water use have been published (Lawrence and Ellefson, 1982; Ellefson and others, 1987). Ellefson and others (1987) present 1985 water-use data in a map and graph format. Because water use changes with time, an update report is periodically required. This report presents 1990 data in the same format as that of the 1987 report.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93118","usgsCitation":"Ellefson, B., Sabin, T.J., and Krohelski, J.T., 1993, Water Use in Wisconsin, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-118, 1 Plate: 35.00 x 25.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93118.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.00 x 25.25 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81430,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0118/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa82b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prugh, B.J.","contributorId":88811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prugh","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, E.D.","contributorId":83993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21428,"text":"ofr93556 - 1993 - Relation of Arias intensity to magnitude and distance in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr93556","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File 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(some folded) :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93184.","productDescription":"i, 38 p. (some folded) :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0184/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50323,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0184/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3191","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savoy, L.E.","contributorId":27083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoy","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20947,"text":"ofr93140 - 1993 - U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr93140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-140","title":"U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Missouri","docAbstract":"The activities of the USGS Water Resources Division in Missouri are conducted by scientists, technicians, and support staff in offices in Rolla, Olivette, and Independence. During 1992, the USGS had cooperative or cost-sharing agreements with about 30 Federal, State, and local agencies involving 20 hydrologic investigations in Missouri; 12 of these investigations included studies of groundwater quantity and quality. Several examples of groundwater studies by the USGS that address specific groundwater issues in Missouri include the occurrence of pesticides, groundwater flow and quality in the Missouri River alluvium near Kansas City, groundwater flow in claypan soils, radioactive- and nitroaromatic-compound contami- nation at Weldon Spring, and hydrologic monitoring of a wetland complex. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Dept. of the Interior,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93140","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.J., 1993, U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-140, 2 p. . :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93140.","productDescription":"2 p. . :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0140/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50533,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e552d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, B. J.","contributorId":101274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1802,"text":"wsp2388 - 1993 - Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19235,"text":"ofr91250 - 1991 - Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","indexId":"ofr91250","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1802,"text":"wsp2388 - 1993 - Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","indexId":"wsp2388","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T21:51:13.027932","indexId":"wsp2388","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2388","title":"Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study by the U.S Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, Division of Mined Land Reclamation, and the Powell River Project, to describe the hydraulic characteristics of major water-bearing zones in the coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia and to develop a conceptual model of the ground-water-flow system. Aquifer testing in1987 and 1988 of 9-ft intervals in coal-exploration coreholes indicates that transmissivity decreases with increasing depth. Most rock types are permeable to a depth of approximately 100 ft; however, only coal seams are consistently permeable (transmissivity greater than 0.001 ft/d) at depths greater than 200 ft . Constant-head injection testing of rock intervals adjacent to coal seams usually indicated lower values of transmissivity than those values obtained when coal seams were isolated within the test interval; thus, large values of horizontal hydraulic conductivity at depth are associated with coal seams.
Potentiometric-head measurements indicate that high topographic areas (ridges) function as recharge areas; water infiltrates through the surface, percolates into regolith, and flows downward and laterally through fractures in the shallow bedrock. Hydraulic conductivity decreases with increasing depth, and ground water flows primarily in the lateral direction along fractures or bedding planes or through coal seams. If vertical hydraulic conductivity is negligible, ground water continues to flow laterally, discharging as springs or seeps on hill slopes. Where vertical hydraulic conductivity is appreciable, groundwater follows a stair step path through the regolith, fractures, bedding planes, and coal seams, discharging to streams and (or) recharging coal seams at depth.
Permeable coal seams probably underlie valleys in the region; however, aquifer-test data indicate that the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of coal is a function of depth and probably decreases under ridges because of increased overburden pressures. Ground water beneath valleys that does not discharge to streams probably flows down gradient as underflow beneath the streams. Topographic relief in the area provides large hydraulic-head differences (greater than 300 ft in some instances) for the ground-water-flow system. Transmissivity data from the range of depths tested during this study indicate that most ground-water flow takes place at moderate depths (less than 300 ft) and that little deep regional ground-water flow occurs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2388","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, Division of Mined Land Reclamation, and the Powell River Project","usgsCitation":"Harlow, G., and LeCain, G.D., 1993, Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2388, Report: vi, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 25.32 x 19.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2388.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 25.32 x 19.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393269,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp_2388/pdf/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393268,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp_2388/pdf/wsp_2388.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":15,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp_2388/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.21044921875,\n 36.641977814705946\n ],\n [\n -81.5789794921875,\n 36.641977814705946\n ],\n [\n -81.5789794921875,\n 37.58376576718623\n ],\n [\n -83.21044921875,\n 37.58376576718623\n ],\n [\n -83.21044921875,\n 36.641977814705946\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a2da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlow, George E. Jr. geharlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"George E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"geharlow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":144181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeCain, Gary D.","contributorId":52207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCain","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20783,"text":"ofr93420 - 1993 - Documentation of model input and output values for simulation of regional ground-water flow, carbonate-rock province, Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-01T09:17:55","indexId":"ofr93420","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-420","title":"Documentation of model input and output values for simulation of regional ground-water flow, carbonate-rock province, Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","docAbstract":"Documentation of model input values and sample output used during a conceptual evaluation of the regional ground-water flow in the carbonate-rock province of the Great Basin, Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states, was revised from previously published Open-File Report 91-479. The documentation, consisting of a listing of input values and sample output, is contained on a 5-1/4-inch diskette in files presented in American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format. These files require approximately 740,000 bytes of disk space on an IBM-compatible microcomputer using the MS-DOS operating system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Carson City, NV","doi":"10.3133/ofr93420","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, D.H., 1993, Documentation of model input and output values for simulation of regional ground-water flow, carbonate-rock province, Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-420, Report: iii, 4 p.; 1 disk, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93420.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 4 p.; 1 disk","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0420/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50334,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0420/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":345404,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0420/ofr93420.zip","text":"Disk","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":345393,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr93170","text":"Open File Report 93-170","linkHelpText":"Conceptual evaluation of regional ground-water flow in the carbonate-rock province of the Great Basin, Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","publicComments":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6361cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, Donald H.","contributorId":77507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20745,"text":"ofr93287 - 1993 - HYPERMAG; an interactive, 2- and 2 1/2-dimensional gravity and magnetic modeling program; version 3.5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr93287","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-287","title":"HYPERMAG; an interactive, 2- and 2 1/2-dimensional gravity and magnetic modeling program; version 3.5","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93287","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., and Blakely, R., 1993, HYPERMAG; an interactive, 2- and 2 1/2-dimensional gravity and magnetic modeling program; version 3.5: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-287, 39 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93287.","productDescription":"39 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0287/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50300,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0287/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20365,"text":"ofr93294 - 1993 - A landowner's guide to U.S.G.S. investigations in Merced and Stanislaus Counties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr93294","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-294","title":"A landowner's guide to U.S.G.S. investigations in Merced and Stanislaus Counties","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93294","usgsCitation":"O’Neill, K., and Black, T., 1993, A landowner's guide to U.S.G.S. investigations in Merced and Stanislaus Counties: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-294, 8 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93294.","productDescription":"8 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0294/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49897,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0294/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae37a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neill, Katherine","contributorId":95325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, Thomas","contributorId":86632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21049,"text":"ofr93498 - 1993 - Streamflow and water-quality data for Lake Purdy and its tributaries, Jefferson and Shelby Counties, Alabama, water years 1987-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:55","indexId":"ofr93498","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-498","title":"Streamflow and water-quality data for Lake Purdy and its tributaries, Jefferson and Shelby Counties, Alabama, water years 1987-91","docAbstract":"An investigation was begun in North Carolina in 1988 to: (1) quantify nutrient, sediment, and freshwater loadings in canals that collect drainage from cropland field ditches; (2) determine the effects of tide gates and flashboard risers on these loadings and on receiving-water quality; and (3) characterize the effects of drainage on the salinity regime of a tidal creek. Data were collected in three canals in Hyde County, three canals in Beaufort County, and in Campbell Creek, which receives drainage directly from two of the Beaufort County canals. Water-control structures were placed on two of the six canals near the beginning of the investigation. Following about 2 years of data collection, control structures were placed on the remaining four canals. Hydrologic and water-quality data are presented for each of the study sites for the period of October 1990 through May 1992. Data presented in this report cover the second phase of the investigation after the installation of water-control structures in the six drainage canals. Following a description of the study sites and data-collection methods, data are presented for five of the drainage canals and Campbell Creek. Data collection was discontinued at one of the Beaufort County sites after the first phase of the investigation. The data collected include: (1) daily values of accumulated precipitation; (2) water-level statistics; (3) daily mean values of discharge in the canals; (4) biweekly water-quality measurements and sample analyses; (5) storm-event water-quality measurements and sample analyses; (6) continuous records of specific conductance in the canals; (7) vertical profiles of salinity in Campbell Creek; and (8) daily mean values of salinity at five sites in Campbell Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93498","usgsCitation":"Stricklin, V., 1993, Streamflow and water-quality data for Lake Purdy and its tributaries, Jefferson and Shelby Counties, Alabama, water years 1987-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-498, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93498.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0498/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50639,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0498/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stricklin, V.E.","contributorId":106146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricklin","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20519,"text":"ofr93192 - 1993 - Assessed oil and gas plays in Wyoming; generalized location maps and mean estimates of undiscovered recoverable conventional oil, gas, and natural gas liquids of plays appraised in the 1989 National assessment for oil and gas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr93192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-192","title":"Assessed oil and gas plays in Wyoming; generalized location maps and mean estimates of undiscovered recoverable conventional oil, gas, and natural gas liquids of plays appraised in the 1989 National assessment for oil and gas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93192","usgsCitation":"Powers, R.B., and Varnes, K., 1993, Assessed oil and gas plays in Wyoming; generalized location maps and mean estimates of undiscovered recoverable conventional oil, gas, and natural gas liquids of plays appraised in the 1989 National assessment for oil and gas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-192, 43 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93192.","productDescription":"43 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0192/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50051,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0192/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, R. B.","contributorId":96666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varnes, K. L.","contributorId":29798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"K. 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