{"pageNumber":"407","pageRowStart":"10150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16437,"records":[{"id":21976,"text":"ofr96145 - 1996 - National summary of hydrologic conditions and water-related events, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr96145","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-145","title":"National summary of hydrologic conditions and water-related events, water year 1993","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96145","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., Crowe, M., Brown, W., Fretwell, J.D., and Fry, K., 1996, National summary of hydrologic conditions and water-related events, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-145, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96145.","productDescription":"22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0145/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51451,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69838f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowe, Michael","contributorId":74404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowe","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, W.O.","contributorId":56252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fretwell, J. 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Each flood is described to an extent commensurate with its significance and the availability of data on the hydrology and the damages. Each article includes one or more maps showing the general area of flooding. Most articles include tables of data that allow comparison of the described flood with past floods at selected sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2474","usgsCitation":"Jordan, P.R., and Combs, L., 1996, Summary of floods in the United States during 1990 and 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2474, ix, 257 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2474.","productDescription":"ix, 257 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2474/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24854,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2474/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, Paul Robert","contributorId":57819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Combs, L. J.","contributorId":25133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combs","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22684,"text":"ofr96381 - 1996 - Digital geologic map of Woodward Quadrangle, south-central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr96381","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-381","title":"Digital geologic map of Woodward Quadrangle, south-central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This data set consists of digital data and accompanying documentation for the surficial geology of the 1:250,000-scale Woodward quadrangle. The original data are from the Geologic Map, sheet 1 of 4, included in the Oklahoma Geological Survey publication, Reconnaissance of the water resources of the Woodward quadrangle, northwestern Oklahoma, Hydrologic Atlas 8, Morton, 1980. The geology was compiled by R.B. Morton, 1973 and R.O. Fay, 1977.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96381","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cederstrand, J., 1996, Digital geologic map of Woodward Quadrangle, south-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-381, 2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in., in envelope 23 x 18 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96381.","productDescription":"2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in., in envelope 23 x 18 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1440,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ok.water.usgs.gov/gis/geology/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6725e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrand, J. R.","contributorId":91523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrand","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22991,"text":"ofr96493 - 1996 - Selected hydrologic data for the Beaver Dam Wash area, Washington County, Utah, Lincoln County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T17:10:25","indexId":"ofr96493","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-493","title":"Selected hydrologic data for the Beaver Dam Wash area, Washington County, Utah, Lincoln County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona, 1991-95","docAbstract":"

The hydrologic data in this report were collected in Beaver Dam Wash and adjacent areas of Washington County, Utah, Lincoln County, Nevada, andMohave County, Arizona, from 1991 to 1995; some historical data from as far back as 1932 are included for comparative purposes. The data include records of about 100 wells, drillers' and geologic logs of selected wells, and results of chemical analyses of water from wells, springs, and surface-water sites. Discharge, water temperature, and specific-conductance measurements are reported for 33 surface-water and spring sites. Daily mean discharge data are reported for two U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations on Beaver Dam Wash (1992-95). The data were collected as part of a study done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources; the Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; and the Arizona Department of Water Resources.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr96493","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department Of Natural Resources, Division Of Water Resources; Nevada Department Of Conservation And Natural Resources; and the Arizona Department Of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Enright, M., 1996, Selected hydrologic data for the Beaver Dam Wash area, Washington County, Utah, Lincoln County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-493, Report: iv, 36 p.; Plate: 18.05 in x 26.53 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96493.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 36 p.; Plate: 18.05 in x 26.53 in","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0493/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52380,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0493/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52381,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0493/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","county":"Lincoln County, Mohave County, Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Dam Wash","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8ab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enright, Michael","contributorId":99979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enright","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4849,"text":"ds37 - 1996 - Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Water-Quality Networks (WQN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T21:54:18.559081","indexId":"ds37","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"37","title":"Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Water-Quality Networks (WQN)","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM set contains data from two USGS national stream water-quality networks, the Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN) and the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN), operated during the past 30 years. These networks were established to provide national and regional descriptions of stream water-quality conditions and trends, based on uniform monitoring of selected watersheds throughout the United States, and to improve our understanding of the effects of the natural environment and human activities on water quality. The HBN, consisting of 63 relatively small, minimally disturbed watersheds, provides data for investigating naturally induced changes in streamflow and water quality and the effects of airborne substances on water quality. NASQAN, consisting of 618 larger, more culturally influenced watersheds, provides information for tracking water-quality conditions in major U.S. rivers and streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds37","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Slack, J.R., Ludtke, A., Fitzgerald, K.K., Schertz, T., Briel, L.I., and Buttleman, K., 1996, Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Water-Quality Networks (WQN): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 37, HTML Document; 2 CD-ROMs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds37.","productDescription":"HTML Document; 2 CD-ROMs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403442,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10547.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":569,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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R.","contributorId":40205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludtke, A. S.","contributorId":6846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludtke","given":"A. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzgerald, K. K.","contributorId":34501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schertz, T. L.","contributorId":65841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"T. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Briel, L. I.","contributorId":7265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briel","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Buttleman, K. P.","contributorId":80266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buttleman","given":"K. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":27614,"text":"wri964230 - 1996 - Documentation of computer program VS2Dh for simulation of energy transport in variably saturated porous media: Modification of the US Geological Survey's computer program VS2DT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-11T16:50:02.651918","indexId":"wri964230","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4230","title":"Documentation of computer program VS2Dh for simulation of energy transport in variably saturated porous media: Modification of the US Geological Survey's computer program VS2DT","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964230","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., and Ronan, A., 1996, Documentation of computer program VS2Dh for simulation of energy transport in variably saturated porous media: Modification of the US Geological Survey's computer program VS2DT: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4230, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964230.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56476,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4230/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4230/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6361e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ronan, A.D.","contributorId":89181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ronan","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21713,"text":"ofr96337 - 1996 - Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey national stream water-quality monitoring networks (WQN) on CD-ROM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr96337","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-337","title":"Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey national stream water-quality monitoring networks (WQN) on CD-ROM","docAbstract":"Data from two U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) national stream water-quality monitoring networks, the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and the Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN), are now available in a two CD-ROM set. These data on CD-ROM are collectively referred to as WQN, water-quality networks. Data from these networks have been used at the national, regional, and local levels to estimate the rates of chemical flux from watersheds, quantify changes in stream water quality for periods during the past 30 years, and investigate relations between water quality and streamflow as well as the relations of water quality to pollution sources and various physical characteristics of watersheds. \rThe networks include 679 monitoring stations in watersheds that represent diverse climatic, physiographic, and cultural characteristics. The HBN includes 63 stations in relatively small, minimally disturbed basins ranging in size from 2 to 2,000 square miles with a median drainage basin size of 57 square miles. NASQAN includes 618 stations in larger, more culturally-influenced drainage basins ranging in size from one square mile to 1.2 million square miles with a median drainage basin size of about 4,000 square miles. \rThe CD-ROMs contain data for 63 physical, chemical, and biological properties of water (122 total constituents including analyses of dissolved and water suspended-sediment samples) collected during more than 60,000 site visits. These data approximately span the periods 1962-95 for HBN and 1973-95 for NASQAN. The data reflect sampling over a wide range of streamflow conditions and the use of relatively consistent sampling and analytical methods. \rThe CD-ROMs provide ancillary information and data-retrieval tools to allow the national network data to be properly and efficiently used. Ancillary information includes the following: descriptions of the network objectives and history, characteristics of the network stations and water-quality data, historical records of important changes in network sample collection and laboratory analytical methods, water reference sample data for estimating laboratory measurement bias and variability for 34 dissolved constituents for the period 1985-95, discussions of statistical methods for using water reference sample data to evaluate the accuracy of network stream water-quality data, and a bibliography of scientific investigations using national network data and other publications relevant to the networks. \rThe data structure of the CD-ROMs is designed to allow users to efficiently enter the water-quality data to user-supplied software packages including statistical analysis, modeling, or geographic information systems. On one disc, all data are stored in ASCII form accessible from any computer system with a CD-ROM driver. The data also can be accessed using DOS-based retrieval software supplied on a second disc. This software supports logical queries of the water-quality data based on constituent concentrations, sample- collection date, river name, station name, county, state, hydrologic unit number, and 1990 population and 1987 land-cover characteristics for station watersheds. User-selected data may be output in a variety of formats including dBASE, flat ASCII, delimited ASCII, or fixed-field for subsequent use in other software packages. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96337","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Ludtke, A., Fitzgerald, K.K., and Schertz, T., 1996, Data from selected U.S. Geological Survey national stream water-quality monitoring networks (WQN) on CD-ROM: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-337, vii, 85 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96337.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1160,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96-337","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0337/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51240,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0337/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludtke, A. S.","contributorId":6846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludtke","given":"A. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzgerald, K. K.","contributorId":34501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schertz, T. L.","contributorId":65841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"T. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25751,"text":"wri964227 - 1996 - Relation of physical and chemical characteristics of streams to fish communities in the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:24:12","indexId":"wri964227","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4227","title":"Relation of physical and chemical characteristics of streams to fish communities in the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1993-95","docAbstract":"

Fish community composition was determined at 33 reaches (average length 150 meters) at 22 sites in the Red River of the North Basin during 1994. Sites were selected to represent a range of stream sizes and ecoregions within the basin. Physical and chemical characteristics (classified in data sets of instream habitat, terrestrial habitat, hydrology, and water quality) were determined for various sites for periods ranging from two to 48 years. Instream habitat measurements were made from 1993 through 1995 for 31 reaches at 19 sites. Terrestrial habitat measures of land use/land cover, soils, and riparian zones were determined from a geographical information system coverage for 23 reaches at 14 sites. The geographical information system coverage used data from aerial photographs taken from 1990 and 1991, National Wetlands Inventory data, soils maps from the Natural Resource Conservation Service, and data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture soils data base. Water chemistry data were collected from 14 sites in the basin from 1993 through 1994. Hydrologic variability was determined from U.S. Geological Survey gaging records. Correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal components analysis were used to determine representative variables which accounted for the most variation in each data set. The representative variables and the fish community data were analyzed with canonical correspondence analysis to determine the relative effect of each source of environmental influence on fish community composition. Instream habitat, terrestrial habitat, and hydrologic variability were analyzed together. Water chemistry data were analyzed separately due to a lack of corresponding sites.

\n

Within the instream habitat data set, measures of habitat volume (channel width and depth) and habitat diversity were most significant in explaining the variability of the fish communities. The amount of nonagricultural land and riparian zone integrity from the terrestrial habitat data set were also useful in explaining fish community composition. Variability of mean monthly discharge and the frequency of high and low discharge events during the three years prior to fish sampling were the most influential of the hydrologic variables.The first two axes of the canonical correspondence analysis accounted for 43.3 percent of the variation in the fish community and 52.5 percent of the variation in the environmental-species relation. Water-quality indicators such as the percent of fine material in suspended sediment, minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations, minimum concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, and the range of concentrations of major ions and nutrients were the variables that were most important in the canonical correspondence analysis of water-quality data with fish. No single environmental variable or data set appeared to be more important than another in explaining variation in the fish community. The environmental factors affecting the fish communities of the Red River of the North are interrelated. For the most part, instream environmental conditions (instream habitat, hydrology, and water chemistry) appear to be more important in explaining variability in fish community composition than factors related to the agricultural nature of the basin.

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The U.S. Geological Survey began full-scale implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in 1991. The purposes of NAWQA are to describe the status and trends in the quality of the Nation's water resources and aquatic ecosystems, and to determine factors affecting water quality at local, regional, and national scales. The Upper Mississippi River (UMIS) NAWQA study unit, which includes all of the surface drainage to the Mississippi River Basin upstream from Lake Pepin, encompasses 47,000 mi2. The study characterizes the geographic and seasonal distribution of water quality and aquatic biota in relation to anthropogenic activities and natural features. The initial phase of the UMIS study, during 1994-99, is focused on an area in Minnesota and Wisconsin that includes the seven-county Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. Paul) metropolitan area. This report summarizes selected sources of information that are being used to aid in understanding water-quality issues and processes that form the basis of the sampling design for the study. This literature review includes sources of information about surface- and ground-water hydrology, water quality, and aquatic biology and ecology.

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Hydrologic data were collected in Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah, from 1993 to 1995 to better understand the hydrologic system. Data from earlier years also are presented. Data collected from wells include well-completion data, lithology, waterlevel measurements, and physical properties of the water. Data collected from springs and surfacewater sites include discharge and physical properties of the water. Water samples collected from ground- and surface-water sites were analyzed for isotopes and chlorofluorocarbons.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr96494","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Downhour, P., and Brooks, L.E., 1996, Selected hydrologic data for Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah, 1967-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-494, iv, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96494.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":52328,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0494/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0494/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Summit County","city":"Park City","otherGeospatial":"Snyderville Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downhour, Paul downhour@usgs.gov","contributorId":968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downhour","given":"Paul","email":"downhour@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22662,"text":"ofr96555 - 1996 - Hydrologic data for 1994-96 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr96555","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-555","title":"Hydrologic data for 1994-96 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program","docAbstract":"This report presents data on precipitation, water levels, and water quality that have been collected or compiled for water years 1994 through 1996 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program, under the guidance of the Bureau of Reclamation. This is the second report for the project. The first report (Carter, 1995) presented data collected through water year 1993. The purpose of the Huron Project is to demonstrate the artificial recharge potential of glacial aquifers in eastern South Dakota. High flows from the James River during spring runoff were used as a source of supplemental recharge for the Warren aquifer, which is a buried, glacial aquifer. In 1990, 70 observation wells were installed by the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) specifically for this study, and 15 existing DENR observation wells were incorporated into the study. In 1993, the recharge well was installed. After a trial injection of recharge water in April 1994, continuous injection began in June 1994. Many sites were monitored to obtain information before, during, and after recharging the aquifer. This report presents data that were collected during the three phases of recharge. Precipitation data are collected at two sites within the study area. A site description and daily precipitation for water years 1994-95 are presented for one precipitation site. Water-level hydrographs are presented for the 85 observation wells and the recharge well. Hydrographs are shown for the period from October 1, 1993, through November 29, 1995. Recharge water was injected from June 2, 1994, through July 29, 1994, and from June 14, 1995, through September 13, 1995. The cumulative volume of injected water and the injection rates into the aquifer are presented for the periods of recharge. Water-quality data were collected from screening, detailed, and plume-monitoring sampling programs. Screening water-quality data for six observation wells are presented. These data include primarily field parameters and common ions. The four detailed sampling sites represent the quality of untreated water, treated water, and ground water from the Warren aquifer. Data presented for the detailed sampling program include field parameters, bacteria counts, and concentrations of common ions, solids, nutrients, trace elements, radiometrics, total organic carbon, herbicides, insecticides, and volatile organic compounds. Water-quality data for the plume-monitoring sampling program were collected from 25 sites during injection of recharge water into the Warren aquifer in 1994 and 1995. The data for the plume-monitoring program include primarily field parameters and common ions. Data for quality-assurance samples also are presented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96555","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., 1996, Hydrologic data for 1994-96 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-555, vi, 131 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96555.","productDescription":"vi, 131 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0555/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0555/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":17637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":188659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24367,"text":"ofr96487 - 1996 - Ground-water resources data for Baldwin County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr96487","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-487","title":"Ground-water resources data for Baldwin County, Alabama","docAbstract":"Geologic and hydrologic data for 237 wells were collected, and water-levels in 223 wells in Baldwin and Escambia Counties were measured. Long-term water water-level data, available for many wells, indicate that ground-water levels in most of Baldwin County show no significant trends for the period of record. However, ground-water levels have declined in the general vicinity of Spanish Fort and Daphne, and ground-water levels in the Gulf Shores and Orange Beach areas are less than 5 feet above sea level in places. The quality of ground water generally is good, but problems with iron, sulfur, turbidity, and color occur. The water from most private wells in Baldwin County is used without treatment or filtration. Alabama public- health law requires that water from public-supply wells be chlorinated. Beyond that, the most common treatment of ground water by public-water suppliers in Baldwin County consists of pH adjustment, iron removal, and aeration. The transmissivity of the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer was determined at 10 locations in Baldwin County. Estimates of transmissivity ranged from 700 to 5,400 feet squared per day. In general, aquifer transmissivity was greatest in the southeastern part of the county, and least in the western part of the county near Mobile Bay. A storage coefficient of 1.5 x 10-3 was determined for the Miocene-Pliocene aquifer near Loxley.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96487","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.L., Moreland, R.S., and Clark, A., 1996, Ground-water resources data for Baldwin County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-487, v, 64 :ill., maps; 28 cm.; 12 illus.; 6 plates; 13 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96487.","productDescription":"v, 64 :ill., maps; 28 cm.; 12 illus.; 6 plates; 13 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0487/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53465,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0487/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db660ff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, James L.","contributorId":82284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moreland, Richard S. rsmore@usgs.gov","contributorId":3877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreland","given":"Richard","email":"rsmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":191786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Amy E.","contributorId":29469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Amy E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23610,"text":"ofr96435 - 1996 - Water-quality data for nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental United States, 1992-1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T13:55:31","indexId":"ofr96435","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-435","title":"Water-quality data for nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental United States, 1992-1994","docAbstract":"

Water samples were collected from 175 wells in 12 Midcontinental States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin) from 1992 through 1994 to determine the spatial distribution of nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in ground water, and to document the potential effects of the historic flooding that occurred during 1993 on ground- water quality. Concentrations of nitrate greater than the 0.05 mg/L reporting limit were found in 69.1 percent of the water samples, and nitrate concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant limit of 10 mg/L in 9.6 percent of the 249 samples analyzed for nitrate. Pesticides or pesticide metabolites were detected in 72.4 percent of the 210 pesticide analyses, and 28 different compounds were found. Concentrations of multiple pesticide compounds above analytical reporting limits were found in water from about 60 percent of the wells sampled. Although pesticides were frequently detected, only one sample had a pesticide concentration that exceeded a maximum contaminant level for drinking water. The most frequently detected compounds, however, were pesticide metabolites for which maximum contaminant levels have not yet been established. Volatile organic compounds were detected in 13.5 percent of the 155 samples analyzed for these compounds. Only one sample had concentrations of volatile organic compounds that exceeded a maximum contaminant level for drinking water.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96435","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Zichelle, K., and Thurman, E., 1996, Water-quality data for nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental United States, 1992-1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-435, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96435.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0435/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52890,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0435/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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K.E.","contributorId":16444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zichelle","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29868,"text":"wri964155 - 1996 - Hydrology, chemical quality, and characterization of salinity in the Navajo Aquifer in and near the Greater Aneth Oil Field, San Juan County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri964155","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4155","title":"Hydrology, chemical quality, and characterization of salinity in the Navajo Aquifer in and near the Greater Aneth Oil Field, San Juan County, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964155","usgsCitation":"Spangler, L., Naftz, D.L., and Peterman, Z.E., 1996, Hydrology, chemical quality, and characterization of salinity in the Navajo Aquifer in and near the Greater Aneth Oil Field, San Juan County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4155, vi, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964155.","productDescription":"vi, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110274,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48500.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"48500"},{"id":121643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4155/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58677,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4155/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4885e4b07f02db51938e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spangler, L.E.","contributorId":54230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30568,"text":"wri964277 - 1996 - Hydrology and tree-distribution patterns of karst wetlands at Arnold Engineering Development Center, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri964277","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4277","title":"Hydrology and tree-distribution patterns of karst wetlands at Arnold Engineering Development Center, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Flooding regimes, ground-water interactions, and tree distribution patterns were determined in seasonally flooded sinkhole wetlands at Arnold Engineering Development Center near Manchester, Tennessee. The wetlands are ecologically significant because they support coastal-plain plants and animals far from their typical ranges. Surface-water stage, ground-water levels, rainfall, and streamflow were monitored at or near five wetland sites. Sinking Pond, Willow Oak Swamp, and Westall Swamp are compound sinks with depths greater than 2.5 meters, visible internal drains, and complex bottom topography dominated by coalesced sinkholes and connecting channels. Tupelo Swamp and Goose Pond are karst pans with depths less than 1.5 meters, flat bottoms, and without visible internal drains. Stage rose and fell abruptly in the compound sinks. Maximum water depths ranged from 2.6 meters in Westall Swamp to 3.5 meters in Sinking Pond. Water levels in wells adjacent to Sinking Pond and Westall Swamp rose and fell abruptly, corresponding closely to surface-water stage throughout periods of high water. The two karst pans filled and drained more gradually, but remained flooded longer than the compound sinks. The maximum recorded water depths were 1.1 meters in Tupelo Swamp and 0.7 meter in Goose Pond. Water levels in nearby wells remained lower than the stage in the pans throughout the study period. Tree species were identified and the elevations and diameters of individual trees were measured along 10 transects. Two transects crossed Sinking Pond, two crossed Tupelo Swamp, and one crossed Willow Oak Swamp. The remaining five transects crossed intermittent drainageways that carry flow into or out of Sinking Pond. Transects through ponds had fewer trees but more basal area per unit area of land surface than did transects through channels. Water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.) dominated the interior of Tupelo Swamp and had minimal overlap in terms of elevation and flooding duration with other wetland trees that were confined to the pond's periphery. Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata Walt.) dominated the interior of Sinking Pond. Overlap between overcup oak and other wetland trees in terms of elevation and flooding frequency was minimal across the deeper Sinking Pond transect but was substantial across the shallow transect. Willow oak (Quercus phellos L.) dominated the interior of Willow Oak Swamp and had a relation to other wetland trees similar to that of overcup oak in the shallow Sinking Pond transect. Transects across broad swales had a relatively large degree of vertical zonation among wetland and upland tree species. Along transects through well defined channels, elevation distributions of wetland and some upland tree species were grouped near each other and near the distribution of land-surface elevations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964277","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, W., 1996, Hydrology and tree-distribution patterns of karst wetlands at Arnold Engineering Development Center, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4277, iv, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964277.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2826,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri96-4277","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_96_4277.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e84a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, W.J.","contributorId":10069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27489,"text":"wri964257 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and geochemistry of acid mine drainage in ground water in the vicinity of Penn Mine and Camanche Reservoir, Calaveras County, California: Second-year summary, 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T10:03:13","indexId":"wri964257","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4257","title":"Hydrogeology and geochemistry of acid mine drainage in ground water in the vicinity of Penn Mine and Camanche Reservoir, Calaveras County, California: Second-year summary, 1992-93","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964257","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board and the East Bay Municipal Utility District","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., and Alpers, C.N., 1996, Hydrogeology and geochemistry of acid mine drainage in ground water in the vicinity of Penn Mine and Camanche Reservoir, Calaveras County, California: Second-year summary, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4257, v, 44 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964257.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14633,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_96_4257.bmp"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Calaveras County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-120.0169,38.4363],[-120.0262,38.4263],[-120.0303,38.4249],[-120.0338,38.4235],[-120.0391,38.4253],[-120.0473,38.4198],[-120.0572,38.4171],[-120.0725,38.4107],[-120.0853,38.4043],[-120.0929,38.4002],[-120.1187,38.3978],[-120.131,38.3936],[-120.1533,38.3858],[-120.1754,38.368],[-120.187,38.3543],[-120.2009,38.333],[-120.2131,38.3211],[-120.2219,38.317],[-120.2352,38.2983],[-120.255,38.2828],[-120.2637,38.2732],[-120.2666,38.2705],[-120.2694,38.265],[-120.2775,38.2532],[-120.2833,38.2482],[-120.2868,38.245],[-120.2891,38.2404],[-120.2902,38.2345],[-120.3042,38.2263],[-120.3105,38.2167],[-120.3221,38.1994],[-120.3325,38.1885],[-120.3359,38.183],[-120.3394,38.1794],[-120.3405,38.1753],[-120.3405,38.1707],[-120.3504,38.1679],[-120.355,38.1607],[-120.359,38.1557],[-120.3678,38.1511],[-120.3701,38.1483],[-120.367,38.1384],[-120.3775,38.1315],[-120.3815,38.1265],[-120.3849,38.1156],[-120.3936,38.1087],[-120.3988,38.1073],[-120.4087,38.1023],[-120.4086,38.0928],[-120.4143,38.0791],[-120.4294,38.0708],[-120.4287,38.0681],[-120.4316,38.064],[-120.4357,38.0613],[-120.4414,38.0526],[-120.4437,38.0472],[-120.4454,38.0453],[-120.4535,38.0358],[-120.454,38.0326],[-120.4609,38.0225],[-120.4661,38.018],[-120.4631,38.013],[-120.4654,38.0103],[-120.4683,38.0103],[-120.4771,38.0102],[-120.4888,38.011],[-120.4946,38.0096],[-120.4963,38.0064],[-120.5014,37.9937],[-120.5101,37.9918],[-120.5131,37.9958],[-120.5115,38.0036],[-120.519,38.0026],[-120.5236,37.9948],[-120.5317,37.9916],[-120.5346,37.9898],[-120.5275,37.983],[-120.5398,37.9811],[-120.5385,37.9766],[-120.5326,37.9744],[-120.5286,37.9762],[-120.5232,37.9695],[-120.5149,37.9596],[-120.509,37.956],[-120.5183,37.9518],[-120.5241,37.9477],[-120.5346,37.9449],[-120.5415,37.9358],[-120.5384,37.9267],[-120.5418,37.9213],[-120.5511,37.9198],[-120.5633,37.9138],[-120.5661,37.902],[-120.5701,37.897],[-120.577,37.8942],[-120.5841,37.896],[-120.5893,37.8927],[-120.5968,37.8868],[-120.5961,37.8832],[-120.6042,37.8772],[-120.6053,37.8727],[-120.6204,37.8689],[-120.6348,37.8606],[-120.6381,37.847],[-120.6428,37.8456],[-120.6439,37.841],[-120.6542,37.8323],[-120.7258,37.8987],[-120.9259,38.0779],[-120.9383,38.0886],[-120.9926,38.2244],[-120.9796,38.2209],[-120.9708,38.2183],[-120.9678,38.2188],[-120.9533,38.2244],[-120.9475,38.2249],[-120.9316,38.2206],[-120.9235,38.227],[-120.9083,38.229],[-120.9047,38.225],[-120.9,38.2218],[-120.8899,38.2197],[-120.8895,38.2251],[-120.8837,38.2279],[-120.8796,38.2316],[-120.878,38.2389],[-120.8629,38.2449],[-120.8559,38.2459],[-120.8536,38.2518],[-120.8508,38.2587],[-120.8439,38.2646],[-120.8392,38.2656],[-120.8247,38.273],[-120.8184,38.2808],[-120.809,38.279],[-120.8079,38.2831],[-120.805,38.2886],[-120.7904,38.2888],[-120.7786,38.2871],[-120.7757,38.2867],[-120.7634,38.289],[-120.7552,38.2878],[-120.7483,38.2987],[-120.7397,38.3065],[-120.7297,38.308],[-120.7262,38.3089],[-120.7117,38.3145],[-120.7005,38.3169],[-120.6918,38.3179],[-120.6883,38.3188],[-120.6854,38.3206],[-120.6802,38.3248],[-120.665,38.3322],[-120.6586,38.3322],[-120.655,38.3318],[-120.6422,38.3356],[-120.6393,38.3383],[-120.6305,38.3397],[-120.6276,38.3434],[-120.6265,38.3498],[-120.626,38.3516],[-120.626,38.3538],[-120.6202,38.3571],[-120.6145,38.3662],[-120.611,38.3716],[-120.6152,38.3761],[-120.6125,38.388],[-120.6119,38.3893],[-120.6073,38.3957],[-120.5991,38.3989],[-120.5827,38.4],[-120.5774,38.401],[-120.5722,38.4028],[-120.5687,38.4074],[-120.5694,38.4123],[-120.5623,38.4151],[-120.5542,38.4175],[-120.5407,38.4217],[-120.5342,38.4181],[-120.5313,38.419],[-120.5196,38.4223],[-120.515,38.4282],[-120.508,38.4333],[-120.504,38.4401],[-120.5005,38.4437],[-120.4964,38.4447],[-120.4923,38.4447],[-120.4893,38.4452],[-120.4864,38.4461],[-120.4841,38.4462],[-120.4788,38.4471],[-120.4711,38.4458],[-120.4635,38.4486],[-120.4548,38.4518],[-120.453,38.4532],[-120.4501,38.455],[-120.4472,38.4569],[-120.4454,38.4582],[-120.4367,38.4633],[-120.4355,38.4637],[-120.4344,38.4651],[-120.4308,38.4674],[-120.425,38.4697],[-120.4203,38.472],[-120.4139,38.4712],[-120.4091,38.4671],[-120.3938,38.4659],[-120.3879,38.4636],[-120.3838,38.4619],[-120.3796,38.4605],[-120.3738,38.4624],[-120.3673,38.4642],[-120.3603,38.4666],[-120.3491,38.4644],[-120.3438,38.4653],[-120.3397,38.4663],[-120.3345,38.4667],[-120.3291,38.465],[-120.3151,38.4705],[-120.3098,38.4714],[-120.2981,38.4729],[-120.2946,38.4747],[-120.2846,38.4743],[-120.2787,38.4762],[-120.2629,38.4799],[-120.2553,38.4877],[-120.2465,38.4859],[-120.2424,38.4859],[-120.2324,38.4901],[-120.2195,38.4938],[-120.2072,38.502],[-120.1902,38.4989],[-120.1813,38.4962],[-120.1684,38.4954],[-120.1572,38.4946],[-120.1496,38.4946],[-120.1413,38.4969],[-120.1284,38.4956],[-120.1178,38.4966],[-120.1137,38.4975],[-120.1079,38.5048],[-120.0985,38.5053],[-120.0938,38.5076],[-120.0885,38.5067],[-120.0727,38.5117],[-120.072,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Scott N.","contributorId":27040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30212,"text":"wri964158 - 1996 - Evaluation and modification of five techniques for estimating stormwater runoff for watersheds in west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri964158","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4158","title":"Evaluation and modification of five techniques for estimating stormwater runoff for watersheds in west-central Florida","docAbstract":"Several traditional techniques have been used for estimating stormwater runoff from ungaged watersheds. Applying these techniques to water- sheds in west-central Florida requires that some of the empirical relationships be extrapolated beyond tested ranges. As a result, there is uncertainty as to the accuracy of these estimates. Sixty-six storms occurring in 15 west-central Florida watersheds were initially modeled using the Rational Method, the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Regression Equations, the Natural Resources Conservation Service TR-20 model, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center-1 model, and the Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model. The techniques were applied according to the guidelines specified in the user manuals or standard engineering textbooks as though no field data were available and the selection of input parameters was not influenced by observed data. Computed estimates were compared with observed runoff to evaluate the accuracy of the techniques. One watershed was eliminated from further evaluation when it was determined that the area contributing runoff to the stream varies with the amount and intensity of rainfall. Therefore, further evaluation and modification of the input parameters were made for only 62 storms in 14 watersheds. Runoff ranged from 1.4 to 99.3 percent percent of rainfall. The average runoff for all watersheds included in this study was about 36 percent of rainfall. The average runoff for the urban, natural, and mixed land-use watersheds was about 41, 27, and 29 percent, respectively. Initial estimates of peak discharge using the rational method produced average watershed errors that ranged from an underestimation of 50.4 percent to an overestimation of 767 percent. The coefficient of runoff ranged from 0.20 to 0.60. Calibration of the technique produced average errors that ranged from an underestimation of 3.3 percent to an overestimation of 1.5 percent. The average calibrated coefficient of runoff for each watershed ranged from 0.02 to 0.72. The average values of the coefficient of runoff necessary to calibrate the urban, natural, and mixed land-use watersheds were 0.39, 0.16, and 0.08, respectively. The U.S. Geological Survey regional regression equations for determining peak discharge produced errors that ranged from an underestimation of 87.3 percent to an over- estimation of 1,140 percent. The regression equations for determining runoff volume produced errors that ranged from an underestimation of 95.6 percent to an overestimation of 324 percent. Regression equations developed from data used for this study produced errors that ranged between an underestimation of 82.8 percent and an over- estimation of 328 percent for peak discharge, and from an underestimation of 71.2 percent to an overestimation of 241 percent for runoff volume. Use of the equations developed for west-central Florida streams produced average errors for each type of watershed that were lower than errors associated with use of the U.S. Geological Survey equations. Initial estimates of peak discharges and runoff volumes using the Natural Resources Conservation Service TR-20 model, produced average errors of 44.6 and 42.7 percent respectively, for all the watersheds. Curve numbers and times of concentration were adjusted to match estimated and observed peak discharges and runoff volumes. The average change in the curve number for all the watersheds was a decrease of 2.8 percent. The average change in the time of concentration was an increase of 59.2 percent. The shape of the input dimensionless unit hydrograph also had to be adjusted to match the shape and peak time of the estimated and observed flood hydrographs. Peak rate factors for the modified input dimensionless unit hydrographs ranged from 162 to 454. The mean errors for peak discharges and runoff volumes were reduced to 18.9 and 19.5 percent, respectively, using the average calibrated input parameters for ea","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964158","usgsCitation":"Trommer, J., Loper, J., and Hammett, K., 1996, Evaluation and modification of five techniques for estimating stormwater runoff for watersheds in west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4158, iv, 37 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964158.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2413,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri964158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_96_4158.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db629648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trommer, J.T.","contributorId":28248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trommer","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loper, J.E.","contributorId":19965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammett, K.M.","contributorId":59006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammett","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25917,"text":"wri964234 - 1996 - Occurrence of selected trace elements and organic compounds and their relation to land use in the Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1992-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T11:58:29","indexId":"wri964234","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4234","title":"Occurrence of selected trace elements and organic compounds and their relation to land use in the Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1992-94","docAbstract":"

Between 1992 and 1994, the U.S.Geological Survey conducted a study of trace elements and organic compounds in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, as part of the Willamette River Basin Water Quality Study. Low-level analyses were performed for trace elements, volatile organic compounds, organochlorine compounds, and pesticides. Overall, 94 water samples were collected from 40 sites, during predominantly high-flow conditions, representing urban, agricultural, mixed, and forested land uses. Although most observed concentrations were relatively low, some exceedances of water-quality criteria for acute and chronic toxicity and for the protection of human health were observed.

\n

Concentrations of chromium, copper, lead, and zinc in unfiltered water were well correlated with concentrations of suspended sediment. The highest trace-element concentrations generally were found at urban sites that receive a large portion of their runoff from industrial areas, particularly at high suspended- sediment concentrations. In contrast, concentrations of trace elements in some urban streams draining primarily residential areas appeared to approach a maximum as sediment concentrations increased. Whether this difference was due to a difference in the nature of the suspended sediments or to different concentrations in the aqueous phases from the two site types was not addressed.

\n

Eight organochlorine compounds were detected at 14 sites. Lindane, dieldrin, and DDT or its metabolites were each detected in about 30 percent of the samples, predominantly in samples collected from agricultural and urban areas. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds were detected in samples from two urban sites. For samples in which DDT and its metabolites were examined for partitioning, the largest proportion of the mass of DDT and its metabolites was associated with suspended sediment. In contrast, dieldrin and lindane were almost completely (greater than 99 percent) associated with the dissolved phase.

\n

Sixty-one of the 94 pesticides analyzed in filtered water were documented to have been used in the basin in 1987; 43 of these were detected at least once during 1992–94. An additional five were detected that were not documented in the 1987 estimates. Although a comparison between the frequency of detected pesticides and 1987 estimates of pesticide usage in the basin showed generally little correlation, some patterns of detections did appear to reflect land use in the basin. Of the 25 most frequently detected pesticides, 3 were found primarily at urban sites, 6 were found primarily at agricultural sites, and 7 were found at all types of sites except forested. The four most commonly detected pesticides in the basin, observed at all except forested site 2 types, were atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, and diuron. A greater variety of compounds was detected at sites in the northern portion of the basin than in the southern portion of the basin probably because the northern portion has more diverse agricultural practices and a larger urban component. Possible reasons for the lack of agreement between pesticide detections and pesticide usage estimates include (1) uncertainty in the usage estimates due to spatial and temporal variability or due to changes in agricultural practices since the 1987 estimates were compiled, (2) chemical or biological transformations in the compounds after application, (3) variable hydrologic conditions among sites at the time of sampling, or (4) the ability of laboratory analytical procedures to detect low concentrations of some analytes.

\n

Results from repeated samplings at two sites during sequential storms in the fall of 1994 indicated that concentrations and loads of several constituents, including suspended sediment, suspended organic carbon, DDT, metolachlor, and atrazine were highest during peak flows of the first or second significant storms of the fall. Samplings during subsequent storms indicated that instantaneous concentrations and loads were generally reduced; however, data were not sufficient to compare overall transport during sequential storms.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri964234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Willamette River Technical Advisory Steering Committee, and National Water-quality AssessmentT Program","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C.W., Rinella, F., and Rounds, S.A., 1996, Occurrence of selected trace elements and organic compounds and their relation to land use in the Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1992-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4234, vi, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964234.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4234/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"696.96 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":121956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4234/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.541259765625,\n 43.20517581723733\n ],\n [\n -123.541259765625,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -120.77270507812499,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -120.77270507812499,\n 43.20517581723733\n ],\n [\n -123.541259765625,\n 43.20517581723733\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db692180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":139268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24371,"text":"ofr96468 - 1996 - Hydrologic data for wetland sites at Millington, Shelby County, and Huntingdon, Carroll County, Tennessee, May 1994 through September 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr96468","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-468","title":"Hydrologic data for wetland sites at Millington, Shelby County, and Huntingdon, Carroll County, Tennessee, May 1994 through September 1995","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data at two wetland sites near Millington and Huntingdon in West Tennessee were collected to assist efforts by the Tennessee Department of Transportation to determine hydrologic conditions at the sites prior to wetland restoration. The Millington site is located along the Big Creek Drainage Canal east of State Route 240. Water levels were monitored in thirteen 8-inch-diameter wells from July 1994 through September 1995. Water-level recorders provided continuous measurement of water level during periods of wetland inundation and depth to water table during periods of noninundation. A crest-stage indicator and a continuous-stage recorder were installed to monitor surface-water fluctuation. Precipitation data were recorded to determine timing and duration of rainfall events. Land surface at the wells was inundated from 0 to 48 percent of the study period. Additionally, water levels at the wells were within 1.5 feet of the land surface from 0 to 56 percent of the study period. The Huntingdon study site is located along the Crooked Creek Drainage Canal at State Route 22. Ground-water levels were monitored in two wells (wells W-1 and W-2) with continuous water- level recorders from May 1994 through September 1995. Water levels did not rise above land surface at either well during the study. Water levels at wells W-1 and W-2 were within 1.5 feet of the land surface 46 and 50 percent of the study period, respectively. Surface-water stage was monitored at a pond on the mitigation site.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96468","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.A., and Diehl, T., 1996, Hydrologic data for wetland sites at Millington, Shelby County, and Huntingdon, Carroll County, Tennessee, May 1994 through September 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-468, iv, 31 p. :ill, maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96468.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill, maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1721,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96468","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db607c31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, J. A.","contributorId":57417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, T.H.","contributorId":89170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27231,"text":"wri964168 - 1996 - Factors affecting phosphorus transport at a conventionally-farmed site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1992-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T16:11:51","indexId":"wri964168","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4168","title":"Factors affecting phosphorus transport at a conventionally-farmed site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1992-95","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Land and Water Conservation of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection conducted a cooperative study to determine the effects of manure application and antecedent soil-phosphorus concentrations on the transport of phosphorus from the soil of a typical farm site in Lancaster County, Pa., from September 1992 to March 1995. The relation between concentrations of soil phosphorus and phosphorus transport needs to be identified because excessive phosphorus concentrations in surface-water bodies promote eutrophication.

The objective of the study was to quantify and determine the significance of chemical, physical, and hydrologic factors that affected phosphorus transport. Three study plots less than 1 acre in size were tilled and planted in silage corn. Phosphorus in the form of liquid swine and dairy manure was injected to a depth of 6-8 inches on two of the three study plots in May 1993 and May 1994. Plot 1 received no inputs of phosphorus from manure while plots 2 and 3 received an average of 56 and 126 kilograms of phosphorus per acre, respectively, from the two manure applications. No other fertilizer was applied to any of the study plots. From March 30, 1993, through December 31, 1993, and March 10, 1994, through August 31, 1994 (the study period), phosphorus and selected cations were measured in precipitation, manure, soil, surface runoff, subsurface flow (at 18 inches below land surface), and corn plants before harvest. All storm events that yielded surface runoff and subsurface flow were sampled. Surface runoff was analyzed for dissolved (filtered through a 0.45-micron filter) and total concentrations. Subsurface flow was only analyzed for dissolved constituents. Laboratory soil-flask experiments and geochemical modeling were conducted to determine the maximum phosphate retention capacity of sampled soils after manure applications and primary mineralogic controls in the soils that affect phosphate equilibrium processes.

Physical characteristics, such as particle-size distributions in soil, the suspended sediment and particle-size distribution in surface runoff, and surface topography, were quantified. Hydrologic characteristics, such as precipitation intensity and duration, volumes of surface runoff, and infiltration rates of soil, were also monitored during the study period. Volumes of surface runoff differed by plot.

Volumes of surface runoff measured during the study period from plots 1 (0.43 acres), 2 (0.23 acres), and 3 (0.28 acres) were 350,000, 350,000, and 750,000 liters per acre, respectively. About 90 percent of the volume of surface runoff occurred after October 1993 because of the lack of intense precipitation from March 30, 1993, through November 30, 1993. For any one precipitation amount, volumes of surface runoff increased with an increase in the maximum intensity of precipitation and decreased with an increase in storm duration. The significantly higher volume of surface runoff for plot 3 relative to plots 1 and 2 was probably caused by lower infiltration rates on plot 3.

Soil concentrations of plant-available phosphorus (PAP) for each study plot were high (31-60 parts per million) to excessive (greater than 60 parts per million) for each depth interval (0-6, 6-12, and 12- 24 inches) and sampling period except for some samples collected at depths of 12-24 inches. The high levels of PAP before manure applications made it difficult to detect any changes in the concentration of soil PAP caused by manure applications. Manure applications to the study area prior to this study resulted in relatively high concentrations of soil PAP; however, the manure applications to plot 3 during the study period did cause an increase in the soil concentration of PAP after the second manure application. The percentages of total phosphorus in plant-available and inorganic forms were about 5 and 80 percent, respectively, in the 0-24--inch depth interval of soil on the study plots. Concentrations of total phosphorus on sand, silt, and clay particles from soil were 700, 1,000, and 3,400 parts per million, respectively. About 70 percent of the total mass of phosphorus in soil to a depth of 24 inches was associated with silt and clay particles.

Soil-flask experiments indicated that soils from the study plots were not saturated with respect to phosphorus. Soils had the capacity to retain 694 to 1,160 milligrams of phosphorus per kilogram of soil. The measured retention capacity probably exceeded the actual retention capacity of soil because laboratory conditions optimized the contact time between soil and test solutions.

Geochemical modeling indicated that the primary mineralogical controls on the concentration of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff and subsurface flow were aluminum and iron oxides and strengite (if it exists). Aluminum and iron oxides bind phosphate in solution and strengite is an iron-phosphate mineral. The mineralization of organic phosphorus into dissolved inorganic forms could also supply phosphorus to surface runoff and subsurface flow.

Phosphorus inputs to the plots during the study period were from precipitation and manure. Phosphorus inputs from precipitation were negligible. The loads of phosphorus to the plots from manure applications in May 1993 and May 1994 were 112 and 251 kilograms per acre for plots 2 and 3, respectively; about 60 percent of the load occurred in 1994.

Phosphorus outputs in surface runoff differed between study plots. The cumulative yields of total phosphorus during the study period for plots 1, 2, and 3 were 1.12, 1.24, and 1.69 kilograms per acre, respectively. Differences between plots were primarily evident for dissolved yields of phosphorus. The percentage of the total phosphorus output in surface runoff that was in the dissolved phase varied from 6 percent for plot 1 to 26 percent for plot 3.

The cumulative yields of dissolved phosphorus from plots 2 and 3 were 135 and 500 percent greater, respectively, than the dissolved yield from plot 1. Even though volumes of surface runoff were different on the plots, the primary cause of the difference between plots in the yield of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff was differences in the concentration of dissolved phosphorus. After the second manure application, concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff on plots 2 and 3 were significantly higher than the concentration for plot 1.

An increase in the concentration of dissolved phosphorus in subsurface flow from plots 2 and 3 was measured after manure applications. The mean concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in subsurface flow after the first manure application were 0.29, 0.57, and 1.45 milligrams per liter of phosphorus for plots 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

The loss of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff was related to the soil concentration of PAP. The model relating dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff to soil PAP indicated that concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff would exceed 0.1 milligram per liter if soil concentrations of PAP exceeded 9 parts per million; this PAP concentration was exceeded by each study plot. Over 50 percent of the variation of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff was explained by soil concentrations of PAP in the 0-6-inch depth interval.

The loss of suspended phosphorus in surface runoff was primarily affected by the particle-size distribution of suspended sediment in surface runoff. Surface runoff was enriched with fines relative to the soil matrix. Generally, over 90 percent of sediment in runoff was comprised of silt and clay particles; only 50-60 percent of particle sizes from the intact soil matrix were in the silt- to clay-size range. Concentrations of suspended phosphorus in surface runoff were not significantly related to soil concentrations of total phosphorus in the 0-6-inch depth interval.

Concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in subsurface flow were also related to soil concentrations of PAP. The relation indicated that dissolved concentrations of phosphorus in subsurface flow would exceed 0.1 milligram per liter if soil concentrations of PAP in the 0-6-inch depth interval of soil were greater than 49 parts per million; this PAP concentration was exceeded by each study plot.

The significant relation of high concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in water to soil concentrations of PAP indicated that soils with comparable concentrations of soil PAP would be potential sources of dissolved phosphorus to surface water and subsurface water tables. The percentage of the total phosphorus lost from a system in the dissolved form increased as soil concentrations of PAP increased. This indicates that best-management practices to reduce phosphorus losses from this system not only need to target suspended forms of phosphorus but also dissolved forms. Practices aimed at reducing the loss of dissolved phosphorus from the system increase in importance with an increase in soil concentrations of PAP.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Land and Water Conservation","usgsCitation":"Galeone, D.G., 1996, Factors affecting phosphorus transport at a conventionally-farmed site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4168, vii, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964168.","productDescription":"vii, 93 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56099,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4168/wri19964168.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1996-4168"},{"id":123174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4168/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"

Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f87ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galeone, Daniel G. 0000-0002-8007-9278 dgaleone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-9278","contributorId":2301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galeone","given":"Daniel","email":"dgaleone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25538,"text":"wri964170 - 1996 - Geology, hydrogeology, and potential of intrinsic bioremediation at the National Park Service Dockside II site and adjacent areas, Charleston, South Carolina, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T13:35:36","indexId":"wri964170","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4170","title":"Geology, hydrogeology, and potential of intrinsic bioremediation at the National Park Service Dockside II site and adjacent areas, Charleston, South Carolina, 1993-94","docAbstract":"A long history of industrial and commercial use of the National Park Service property and adjacent properties located in downtown Charleston, South Carolina, has caused extensive contamination of the shallow subsurface soils and water-table aquifer. The National Park Service property is located adjacent to a former manufactured-gas plant site, which is the major source of the contamination. Contamination of this shallow water-table aquifer is of concern because shallow ground water discharges to the Cooper River and contains contaminants, which may affect adjacent wildlife or human populations. The geology of the National Park Service property above the Ashley Formation of the Cooper Group consists of two Quaternary lithostratigraphic marine units, the Wando Formation and Holocene deposits, overlain by artificial fill. The Wando Formation overlies the Ashley Formation, a sandy calcareous clay, and consists of soft, organic clay overlain by gray sand. The Holocene deposits are composed of clayey to silty sand and soft organic-rich clay. The artificial fill, which was placed at the site to create dry land where salt marsh existed previously, is composed of sand, silt, and various scrap materials. The shallow hydrogeology of the National Park Service property overlying the Ashley Formation can be subdivided into two sandy aquifers separated by a leaky, black, organic-rich clay. The unconfined upper surficial aquifer is primarily artificial fill. The lower surficial aquifer consists of the Wando sand unit and is confined by the leaky organic-rich clay. Aquifer tests performed on the wells screened in these aquifers resulted in hydraulic conductivities from 0.1 to 10 feet per day for the upper surficial aquifer, and 16 feet per day for the lower surficial aquifer. Vertical hydraulic gradients at the site are typically low. A downward gradient from the upper surficial aquifer to the lower surficial aquifer occurs throughout most of the year. A brick-lined storm-water-drainage archway located in the study area is a conduit for the overflow of seawater into the surficial aquifer during exceptionally high tides. The efficiency of intrinsic bioremediation to reduce contaminant migration in the upper surficial aquifer at the National Park Service site was assessed to determine if, and at what concentrations, contaminants are being transported to the Cooper River. This assessment required incorporating hydrologic, geochemical, microbiologic, and demographic information into a predictive solute-transport model to determine rates of contaminant transport to the Cooper River. The transport of toluene and naphthalene was modeled as a surrogate for the transport of aromatic and other hydrocarbon compounds at the study area. Laboratory estimates of the adsorption coefficients for sediments of the upper surficial aquifer suggest preferential adsorption of naphthalene over toluene. The adsorption coefficient of naphthalene is at least two orders of magnitude greater than that determined for toluene. Laboratory microbial-biodegradation experiments indicate that microorganisms present in the shallow aquifer have the potential to degrade toluene under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, and naphthalene primarily under aerobic conditions. Rates of microbial biodegradation are similar for both compounds under aerobic conditions. Flow-model calibration to the January 1994 water-table surface of the upper surficial aquifer was achieved by specifying appropriate hydrogeologic boundary conditions and using hydraulic conductivity values determined in the field. The brick-lined storm-water drainage archway located in the study area was modeled to account for ground-water discharge through this drain. An exploratory modeling approach was used to evaluate the range of possible solutions that approximate the transport of contaminants to the observed distributions. Approximate toluene solute-transport conditions for January 1994 were estimated using velocity dist","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964170","usgsCitation":"Campbell, B.G., Petkewich, M., Landmeyer, J., and Chapelle, F.H., 1996, Geology, hydrogeology, and potential of intrinsic bioremediation at the National Park Service Dockside II site and adjacent areas, Charleston, South Carolina, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4170, viii, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964170.","productDescription":"viii, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54259,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4170/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4170/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.07797241210938,\n 32.594841489447816\n ],\n [\n -80.07797241210938,\n 32.97583605773715\n ],\n [\n -79.73533630371094,\n 32.97583605773715\n ],\n [\n -79.73533630371094,\n 32.594841489447816\n ],\n [\n -80.07797241210938,\n 32.594841489447816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c656","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, B. G.","contributorId":68764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, M.D.","contributorId":89927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":23202,"text":"ofr96498 - 1996 - Hydrologic and water-quality data for U.S. Coast Guard Support Center Kodiak, Alaska, 1987-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:58","indexId":"ofr96498","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-498","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality data for U.S. Coast Guard Support Center Kodiak, Alaska, 1987-89","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and water-quality data were collected at the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center Kodiak on Kodiak Island, Alaska, to determine regional ground-water conditions and if contamination of soils, ground water, or surface water has occurred. Eighteen areas of possible contamination were identified. Ground-water levels, surface- water stages, surface-water discharges, and results of field and laboratory analyses of soil and water samples are presented in tabular form. Many quality-assurance samples had detectable concentrations of methylene chloride and 1,2-dichloroethane, which may be due to sampling or laboratory contamination. Concentrations were as great as 5.9 micrograms per liter for methylene chloride and 2.6 micrograms per liter for 1,2-dichloroethane. Excluding 1,2-dichloroethane, most soil, ground-water, and surface-water samples contained no detectable concentrations of the organic constituents that were analyzed. Chemical analyses were performed on two lake-bed-material samples and more than 100 soil samples. The median lead concentration was 9.8 milligrams per kilogram. Concentrations of tetrachloroethene were as great as 1.1 milligram per kilogram in soils near a laundry. Water samples were collected from 101 wells. The maximum benzene concentration detected in ground water was 78 micrograms per liter from a well at the air station near a site where aviation fuel was spilled. Wells near a laundry yielded water having concentrations of tetrachloroethene as great as 3,000 micrograms per liter, and vinyl chloride as great as 440 micrograms per liter. A well in a former aviation gasoline storage area yielded water with a concentration of trichloroethene as great as 66 micrograms per liter. Water samples were collected from 59 sites on streams, lakes, or ponds. Surface-water samples had much lower concen- trations of organic compounds; the highest concentration of benzene was 2.2 micrograms per liter in a stream near a former aviation-fuel storage area and the maximum vinyl chloride concentration was 15 micrograms per liter in a stream near a former landfill. Tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene were not detected in any surface-water samples.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96498","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Glass, R.L., 1996, Hydrologic and water-quality data for U.S. Coast Guard Support Center Kodiak, Alaska, 1987-89: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-498, vi, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +3 computer disks (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96498.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +3 computer disks (3 1/2 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0498/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0498/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glass, R. L.","contributorId":80279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24570,"text":"ofr96455 - 1996 - Documentation of programs used to determine a wetlands hydroperiod from model-simulated water-surface elevations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr96455","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-455","title":"Documentation of programs used to determine a wetlands hydroperiod from model-simulated water-surface elevations","docAbstract":"A technique has been developed to determine a wetlands hydroperiod by comparing simulated water levels from a ground-water flow model and land- surface elevation data through a geographic information system. The simulated water levels are compared with the land-surface elevation data to determine the height of the water surface above or below land surface for the area of interest. Finally, the hydroperiod is determined for established time periods using criteria specified by the user. The program application requires the use of geographic information system software (ARC/INFO), including the TIN and GRID subsystems of the software. The application consists of an ANSI compatible C program to translate ground- water data output from the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model (MODFLOW) into a format that can be used as input for the geographic information system programs (AML's). The application uses ARC/INFO AML programs and ARC/INFO menu interface programs to create digital spatial data layers of the land surface and water surface and to determine the hydroperiod. The technique can be used to evaluate and manage wetlands hydrology.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96455","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Sonenshein, R., 1996, Documentation of programs used to determine a wetlands hydroperiod from model-simulated water-surface elevations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-455, iii, 47 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96455.","productDescription":"iii, 47 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0455/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53619,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0455/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63615e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonenshein, R.S.","contributorId":10415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonenshein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26144,"text":"wri964209 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and water quality of the shallow aquifer system at the Explosive Experimental Area, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren site, Dahlgren, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T19:58:23.68834","indexId":"wri964209","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4209","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of the shallow aquifer system at the Explosive Experimental Area, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren site, Dahlgren, Virginia","docAbstract":"

In October 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study to characterize the hydrogeology of the shallow aquifer system at the Explosive Experimental Area, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Site, Dahlgren, Virginia, which is located on the Potomac River in the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The study provides a description of the hydrogeologic units, directions of ground-water flow, and back-ground water quality in the study area to a depth of about 100 feet. Lithologic, geophysical, and hydrologic data were collected from 28 wells drilled for this study, from 3 existing wells, and from outcrops.

The shallow aquifer system at the Explosive Experimental Area consists of two fining-upward sequences of Pleistocene fluvial-estuarine deposits that overlie Paleocene-Eocene marine deposits of the Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit. The surficial hydrogeologic unit is the Columbia aquifer. Horizontal linear flow of water in this aquifer generally responds to the surface topography, discharging to tidal creeks, marshes, and the Potomac River, and rates of flow in this aquifer range from 0.003 to 0.70 foot per day.

The Columbia aquifer unconformably overlies the upper confining unit 12-an organic-rich clay that is 0 to 55 feet thick. The upper confining unit conformably overlies the upper confined aquifer, a 0- to 35-feet thick unit that consists of interbedded fine-grained to medium-grained sands and clay. The upper confined aquifer probably receives most of its recharge from the adjacent and underlying Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit. Water in the upper confined aquifer generally flows eastward, northward, and northeastward at about 0.03 foot per day toward the Potomac River and Machodoc Creek.

The Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit consists of glauconitic, fossiliferous silty fine-grained sands of the Nanjemoy Formation. Where the upper confined system is absent, the Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit is directly overlain by the Columbia aquifer. In some parts of the Explosive Experimental Area, horizontal hydraulic conductivities of the Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit and the Columbia aquifer are similar (from 10-4 to 10-2 foot per day), and these units effectively combine to form a thick (greater than 50 feet) aquifer.

The background water quality of the shallow aquifer system is characteristic of ground waters in the Virginia Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. Water in the Columbia aquifer is a mixed ionic type, has a median pH of 5.9, and a median total dissolved solids of 106 milligrams per liter. Water in the upper confined aquifer and Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit is a sodium- calcium-bicarbonate type, and generally has higher pH, dissolved solids, and alkalinity than water in the Columbia aquifer. Water in the upper confined aquifer and some parts of the Columbia aquifer is anoxic, and it has high concentrations of dissolved iron, manganese, and sulfide.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964209","usgsCitation":"Bell, C.F., 1996, Hydrogeology and water quality of the shallow aquifer system at the Explosive Experimental Area, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren site, Dahlgren, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4209, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964209.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54940,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4209/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4209/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415729,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48543.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Dahlgren","otherGeospatial":"Explosive Experimental Area, Naval Surface Warfare Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.0597,\n 38.3167\n ],\n [\n -77.0597,\n 38.279\n ],\n [\n -77.0167,\n 38.279\n ],\n [\n -77.0167,\n 38.3167\n ],\n [\n -77.0597,\n 38.3167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, C. F.","contributorId":14449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25603,"text":"wri964235 - 1996 - Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T12:47:13","indexId":"wri964235","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4235","title":"Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993-94","docAbstract":"

Water and phosphorus budgets were determined for the Lauderdale Lakes (the interconnected Green, Middle, and Mill Lakes) in Walworth County, southeastern Wisconsin to provide background information for a wastewater management plan to limit the input of phosphorus to the lakes. The most significant components of the water and phosphorus budgets were determined independently by intensive data collection from November 1993 through October 1994. In addition to development of the water and phosphorus budgets, in-lake water quality, and trophic state of the lakes were evaluated.

\n

The lakes (treated as one lake with three basins) have a total surface area of 807 acres. The lakes have a surface-water outlet, but have no major surface inlets. Lake level is controlled by a dam and weir at the outlet. Maximum depths of Green, Middle, and Mill Lakes are about 60, 50, and 50 feet, respectively. The total drainage area of the lakes measured from the outlet is 16.1 square miles; only about 2.5 square miles, however, contribute surface runoff directly to the lake. About 70 percent of the 14.7-mile shoreline length is developed. Shoreline development includes 1,010 houses, of which about 30 percent are used year-round.

\n

Ground water and precipitation are the primary water-budget inflow components, and during the study period represented 72 and 24 percent of the total annual inflow, respectively. Surface-water inflow from the small nearshore contributing drainage area accounted for only 4 percent of the inflow budget. Total annual phosphorus input to the lakes was 846 pounds. Although surface water accounted for only 4 percent of the water budget, it represented 51 percent of the total annual phosphorus input. Phosphorus input from septic systems was the second largest source, with a probable annual input of 210 pounds, accounting for 25 percent of the total. Positive ground-water gradients to the lake and phosphorus concentrations in ground water were verified by data from nearshore observation wells. Phosphorus concentrations in ground water exceeded background concentrations of 0.008 milligrams per liter in three out of six observation wells in the inflow area of the lakes. Overall, the phosphorus loading to the lakes is small and lake-water quality is good. The trophic state indices calculated for the lakes ranged from oligotrophic to mesotrophic but were in the mesotrophic class for most of the year. An equation to predict phosphorus concentration at spring turnover from loading estimates was fairly accurate in predicting the measured phosphorus concentration for Lauderdale Lakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lauderdale Lakes Lake Management District","usgsCitation":"Garn, H., Seidel, T., and Rose, W.J., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4235, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964235.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54346,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4235/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4235/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Walworth County","otherGeospatial":"Green Lake, Lauderdale Lakes, Middle Lake, Mill Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.62276077270508,\n 42.72078596277834\n ],\n [\n -88.62276077270508,\n 42.81555136172695\n ],\n [\n -88.5110092163086,\n 42.81555136172695\n ],\n [\n -88.5110092163086,\n 42.72078596277834\n ],\n [\n -88.62276077270508,\n 42.72078596277834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garn, H.S.","contributorId":42601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seidel, T.L.","contributorId":92296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seidel","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, W. J.","contributorId":14433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}