Plants are critical mediators of terrestrial mass and energy fluxes, and their structural and functional traits have profound impacts on local and global climate, biogeochemistry, biodiversity, and hydrology. Yet Earth System Models (ESMs), our most powerful tools for predicting the effects of humans on the coupled biosphere-atmosphere system, simplify the incredible diversity of land plants into a handful of coarse categories of ‘Plant Functional Types’ (PFTs) that often fail to capture ecological dynamics such as biome distributions. The inclusion of more realistic functional diversity is a recognized goal for ESMs, yet there is currently no consistent, widely accepted way to add diversity to models, i.e. to determine what new PFTs to add and with what data to constrain their parameters. We review approaches to representing plant diversity in ESMs and draw on recent ecological and evolutionary findings to present an evolution-based functional type approach for further disaggregating functional diversity. Specifically, the prevalence of niche conservatism, or the tendency of closely related taxa to retain similar ecological and functional attributes through evolutionary time, reveals that evolutionary relatedness is a powerful framework for summarizing functional similarities and differences among plant types. We advocate that Plant Functional Types based on dominant evolutionary lineages (‘Lineage Functional Types’) will provide an ecologically defensible, tractable, and scalable framework for representing plant diversity in next-generation ESMs, with the potential to improve parameterization, process representation, and model benchmarking. We highlight how the importance of evolutionary history for plant function can unify the work of disparate fields to improve predictive modeling of the Earth system.
Frequency‐dependent horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) of Fourier amplitudes from three‐component recordings can provide useful information for site response modeling. However, such information is not incorporated into most ground‐motion models, including those from Next‐Generation Attenuation projects, which instead use the time‐averaged shear‐wave velocity (
Considering reservoirs as linear fragments in a basin's river network could improve understanding, predictability, and management efficiency. We looked for general cascading spatial patterns across five categories of reservoir attributes: land cover, morphology and hydrology, fish habitat, fish assemblages, and fisheries. Attributes were pulled from various databases for large reservoirs (>100 ha) located in the United States. 16 widely distributed river basins, each including a minimum of 15 large reservoirs, were selected for analysis. Using analysis of covariance with basin as the class variable, we tested each attribute as a linear function of catchment area, which is an index of reservoir position in the basin. The majority of reservoir attributes displayed log-linear patterns as catchment area increased, indicating that reservoirs act as members of a larger network just as river reaches do. Several patterns were detected including attributes with no apparent lengthwise arrangement along the basin; cascading spatial patterns in which attributes increase or decrease from upstream to downstream within a basin; and attributes that increase with catchment area in some basins, decrease in others, or may simply remain constant throughout the basin. We conclude that each pattern may have different implications for management, and that the effectiveness with which most management activities influence reservoirs is likely to increase or decrease along river basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021WR029910","usgsCitation":"Faucheux, N., Sample, A., Aldridge, C., Norris, D., Owens, C., Starnes, V.R., VanderBloemen, S., and Miranda, L.E., 2022, Reservoir attributes display cascading spatial patterns along river basins: Water Resources Research, v. 58, no. 1, e2021WR029910, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR029910.","productDescription":"e2021WR029910, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119850","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faucheux, N.M.","contributorId":341806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faucheux","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[{"id":81792,"text":"Mississippi State Uni","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sample, A.R.","contributorId":341807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sample","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aldridge, C.A.","contributorId":275883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldridge","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norris, D.M.","contributorId":341780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12717,"text":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owens, C.","contributorId":341808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owens","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Starnes, Victoria R.","contributorId":343988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starnes","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":908920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"VanderBloemen, S.","contributorId":341810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanderBloemen","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70227360,"text":"70227360 - 2022 - Modeling the occurrence of M ∼ 5 caldera collapse-related earthquakes in Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T12:58:57.121497","indexId":"70227360","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-28T06:56:03","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the occurrence of M ∼ 5 caldera collapse-related earthquakes in Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"During the 2018 Kīlauea eruption and caldera collapse, M ∼ 5 caldera collapse earthquakes occurred almost daily from mid-May until the beginning of August. While caldera collapses happen infrequently, the collapse-related seismicity damaged nearby structures, and so these events should be included in a complete seismic hazard assessment. Here, we present an approach to forecast the seismic hazard of the collapse earthquakes. We model their occurrence by combining a Poisson distribution for the number of collapses with a negative binomial for the number of earthquakes in a collapse, based on observations at Kīlauea. This rate model is then combined with a ground motion model to assess the seismic hazard posed by caldera collapse events. The rate model is non-Poisson but a Poisson model is adequate for low exceedance probabilities (e.g., <10% in 50 years). This approach could be generalized to model the hazard from earthquakes triggered by other underlying processes.
Land management decisions need context about how landscapes will respond to different circumstances or actions. As ecologists’ understanding of nonlinear ecological dynamics has evolved into state-and-transition models (STMs), they have put more emphasis on defining and mapping the soil, geomorphological, and climate parameters that mediate these dynamics. The US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service ecological site descriptions (ESDs) have become the foremost system in classifying lands into ecological units based on STMs. However, an exhaustive inventory of ESDs has proved challenging to complete in the United States, and there have been questions about the consistency of detail in areas completed and the ability to objectively support some assertions made in existing ESDs. To address these issues, this study examines ESDs in the diverse Upper Colorado River region, where ESDs are only partially complete, to look at quantitative approaches to generalizing ecological site concepts based on unifying underlying soil, geomorphology, and climate patterns. Using existing ESDs and vegetation monitoring plot data, results show that a simple hierarchical soil geomorphic unit (SGU) framework based on topographic mediation of moisture, soil salinity, soil depth, slope, rock content, and soil texture can represent much of the ecological dynamics cataloged in ESDs. Analyses of reference plant production data, ecological state attribution, and regional monitoring data show that the new SGUs represent more variation than common climate parameters. This study also included predictively mapping SGUs at 30-m resolution (Kappa of 0.53, 74% agreement with top two predictions in validation). An optimized combination of SGUs with climate zones derived from an aridity index and maximum temperature of the hottest month resulted in an ecological site group framework that condensed over 826 unique ecological site records at various stages of completeness in the regional soil survey down to 35 intuitive and mappable ecological site groups.
From a management perspective, reptiles are relatively novel invasive taxa. Few methods for reptile control have been developed and very little is known about their effectiveness for reducing reptile populations, particularly when the goal is eradication. Many reptiles, and especially snakes, are cryptic, secretive, and undergo extended periods of inactivity, traits that decrease detection probabilities and create challenges in estimating population size or evaluating management effects. The brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) is a notorious invasive species that continues to cause major ecological and economic harm following their introduction to the island of Guam after World War II. They have been the subject of intensive research on the effectiveness of various techniques to control snakes, including the first ever aerial system for the distribution of toxic acetaminophen baits for reptile control. We provide a cohort-based life table for a cryptic and invasive reptile undergoing extended population control using toxic baits from March 2017–2020. We also evaluated the effects of single (toxic bait) versus multi-tool (toxic bait and live trapping) management efforts on population trajectories, and estimated which population vital rates are most important for influencing population growth or decline in a treated landscape. Treatment of the population with acetaminophen-laced baits resulted in an immediate reduction followed by a gradual population decline that suggested that eradication was the probable outcome given sufficient treatment time but that the period of treatment was decades in magnitude. Inclusion of live trapping reduced the predicted time required to achieve eradication by more than half. Preventing the transition of 1,000-mm snout-vent length (SVL) females to larger sizes was predicted to have the greatest effect on population reduction based on integral projection modeling. Our results suggest that toxic baits are capable of eradicating brown treesnakes in an enclosure, although inclusion of trapping reduced overall treatment time required. Tools that effectively target females >1,000 mm SVL may have the greatest effect on reducing overall treatment timelines.
The uranium (U) content, and more recently, the ratio between 238U and 235U in black shales are commonly applied as a proxy to determine redox conditions and infer organic-richness. Uranium contents typically display a linear relationship with total organic carbon (TOC) in shales. This relationship is due to the processes and mechanisms responsible for the incorporation of U into the sediment during the deposition and remineralization of organic matter. This U/TOC relationship can vary, however, and some shales display uncharacteristically low U content despite having high TOC content, while others show large enrichments of U relative to TOC. Here we examine the U to TOC ratios and U-isotope compositions of three Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian shales: the Woodford Shale, the Cleveland Shale, and the Bakken Shale, with two study sites in Oklahoma, one site in eastern Kentucky, and three sites in eastern Montana and western North Dakota, respectively. The U/TOC ratios of each shale are distinct from one another exhibiting average ratios ranging from 3 in the Cleveland Shale, to over 10 in the Bakken Shale. The distinct geochemical composition of the three shales suggests that, although lithologically similar, each study site represents a markedly different and dynamic depositional environment. The low average U/TOC (~3) along with the relatively high δ238U values (~0.03‰) of the Cleveland Shale core suggests deposition along the basin margin under normal marine conditions with periods of reduced bottom water oxygenation, likely due to fluctuations in the location of the pycnocline. The Woodford Shale on the other hand, shows higher U/TOC ratios (~4, George core, ~9, Poe core) and δ238U (~0.02‰ average, George core, ~0.06‰ average, Poe core), which suggests an unrestricted setting with intermittent euxinic conditions. In contrast, high U/TOC ratios (2–15), and very high δ238U values (up to 0.55‰) in the Bakken Shale cores indicate intense metal draw-down into sediments under sulfidic waters. The results show that when the U/TOC ratios and U-isotopic compositions of each studied shale are compared to modern anoxic basins and upwelling areas, it allows for an enhanced understanding of the paleoenvironmental conditions such as basin restriction and redox state of waters within the Late Devonian epicontinental seas of North America.
Acoustic source inversions estimate the mass flow rate of volcanic explosions or yield of chemical explosions and provide insight into potential source directionality. However, the limitations of applying these methods to complex sources and their ability to resolve a stable solution have not been investigated in detail. We perform synthetic infrasound waveform inversions that use 3-D Green’s functions for a variety of idealized and realistic deployment scenarios using both a flat plane and Yasur volcano, Vanuatu as examples. We investigate the ability of various scenarios to retrieve the input source functions and relative amplitudes for monopole and multipole (monopole and dipole) inversions. Infrasound waveform inversions appear to be a robust method to quantify mass flow rates from simple sources (monopole) using deployments of infrasound sensors placed around a source, but care should be taken when analyzing and interpreting results from more complex acoustic sources (multipole) that have significant directional components. In the examples we consider the solution is stable for monopole inversions with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than five and the dipole component is small. For most scenarios investigated, the vertical dipole component of the multipole explosion source is poorly constrained and can impact the ability to recover the other source term components. Because multipole inversions are ill-posed for many deployments, a low residual does not necessarily mean the proper source vector has been recovered. Synthetic studies can help investigate the limitations and place bounds on information that may be missing using monopole and multipole inversions for potentially directional sources.
Rio Grande Rise (RGR) is an intraplate oceanic elevation in the South Atlantic Ocean that formed at a hotspot on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge during the Cretaceous. In spreading center and hotspot environments, ironstones form mainly by biomineralization of reduced Fe from hydrothermal fluids or oxidation of sulfide deposits. However, RGR has been considered aseismic and volcanically inactive for the past 46 Ma. Here, we investigate the origin of ironstones collected from the summit of RGR using multiple techniques: petrographic observations, X-ray diffraction, U-Th/He geochronology, and chemical composition. The ironstones from RGR consist of finely laminated goethite containing igneous rock fragments, carbonate fluorapatite, and calcite. Our results suggest that Fe oxyhydroxides were precipitated by Fe-oxidizing bacteria forming bacterial mats. The bacterial Fe mats underwent compaction, dewatering, goethite crystallization, and cementation that created the ironstone deposits. U-Th/He geochronology reveals protracted goethite minimum ages extending from the late Miocene to the Quaternary, probably due to multiple generations of mats, slow mineralization rates, and Fe-oxide dissolution-reprecipitation cycles. Flame-like goethite structures underneath FeMn crusts and a chimney-shaped goethite sample with a central channel indicate that the dewatering fluid flowed upward through the deposits, or a thermal fluid source may have been introduced from below the ironstone deposits. High Fe/Mn ratios, low trace metals contents (Ni + Co + Cu), and very low Fe/REY ratios suggest ironstone precipitation from a hydrothermal fluid; however, REYSN plots and bivariate CeSN /CeSN⁎ versus YSN/HoSN and CeSN /CeSN⁎ versus Nd plots are inconclusive, and a proximal source of magma was unlikely during the period of mat formation. Given this evidence, we hypothesize that a geothermal circulation system may have facilitated ironstone mineralization at RGR.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106716","usgsCitation":"Benites, M., Hein, J.R., Mizell, K., Farley, K.A., Treffkorn, J., and Jovane, L., 2022, Geochemical insights into formation of enigmatic ironstones from Rio Grande rise, South Atlantic Ocean: Marine Geology, v. 444, 106716, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106716.","productDescription":"106716, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135576","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106716","text":"External Repository"},{"id":393858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande rise, South Atlantic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -40,\n -35\n ],\n [\n -30,\n -35\n ],\n [\n -30,\n -29\n ],\n [\n -40,\n -29\n ],\n [\n -40,\n -35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"444","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benites, Mariana","contributorId":259240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benites","given":"Mariana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48623,"text":"University of Sao Paulo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farley, Kenneth A.","contributorId":204209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36877,"text":"Cal Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Treffkorn, Jonathon 0000-0002-4953-8245","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-8245","contributorId":270768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treffkorn","given":"Jonathon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jovane, Luigi 0000-0003-4348-4714","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4348-4714","contributorId":259243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jovane","given":"Luigi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48623,"text":"University of Sao Paulo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70229818,"text":"70229818 - 2022 - Effects of salinity and a glucocorticoid antagonist, RU486, on waterborne aldosterone and corticosterone of northern leopard frog larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-18T14:20:11.565813","indexId":"70229818","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-24T09:17:47","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of salinity and a glucocorticoid antagonist, RU486, on waterborne aldosterone and corticosterone of northern leopard frog larvae","docAbstract":"Increased salinity is an emerging contaminant of concern for aquatic taxa. For amphibians exposed to salinity, there is scarce information about the physiological effects and changes in osmoregulatory hormones such as corticosterone (CORT) and aldosterone (ALDO). Recent studies have quantified effects of salinity on CORT physiology of amphibians based on waterborne hormone collection methods, but much less is known about ALDO in iono- and osmoregulation of amphibians. We re-assayed waterborne hormone samples from a previous study to investigate effects of salinity (sodium chloride, NaCl) and a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (RU486) on ALDO of northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) larvae. We also investigated relationships between ALDO and CORT. Waterborne ALDO marginally decreased with increasing salinity and was, unexpectedly, positively correlated with baseline and stress-induced waterborne CORT. Importantly, ALDO increased when larvae were exposed to RU486, suggesting that RU486 may also suppress mineralocorticoid receptors or that negative feedback of ALDO is mediated through glucocorticoid receptors. Alternatively, CORT increases with RU486 treatment and might be a substrate for ALDO synthesis, which could account for increases in ALDO with RU486 treatment and the correlation between CORT and ALDO. ALDO was negatively correlated with percent water, such that larvae secreting more ALDO retained less water. Although sample sizes were limited and further validation and studies are warranted, our findings expand our understanding of adrenal steroid responses to salinization in amphibians and proposes new hypotheses regarding the co-regulation of ALDO and CORT.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113972","usgsCitation":"Tornabene, B., Breuner, C., Hossack, B., and Crespi, E.J., 2022, Effects of salinity and a glucocorticoid antagonist, RU486, on waterborne aldosterone and corticosterone of northern leopard frog larvae: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 317, 113972, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113972.","productDescription":"113972, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133771","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113972","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tornabene, Brian J.","contributorId":200041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tornabene","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breuner, Creagh W","contributorId":241893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breuner","given":"Creagh W","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":229347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crespi, Erica J","contributorId":260876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crespi","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227511,"text":"70227511 - 2022 - Phytoplankton community interactions and cyanotoxin mixtures in three recurring surface blooms within one lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T14:20:59.532904","indexId":"70227511","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-24T08:15:01","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoplankton community interactions and cyanotoxin mixtures in three recurring surface blooms within one lake","docAbstract":"Cyanobacteria can produce numerous secondary metabolites (cyanotoxins) with various toxicities, yet data on cyanotoxins in many lakes are limited. Moreover, little research is available on complex relations among cyanobacteria that produce toxins. Therefore, we studied cyanobacteria and 19 cyanotoxins at three sites with recurring blooms in Kabetogama Lake (USA). Seven of 19 toxins were detected in various combinations. Anabaenopeptin A and B were detected in every sample. Microcystin-YR was detected more frequently than microcystin-LR, unlike other lakes in the region. Microcystin-YR concentrations, however, generally were low; two samples exceeded drinking water guidelines and no samples exceeded recreational guidelines. Anabaenopeptins correlated with six cyanobacterial taxa, most of which lack available literature on peptide production. The potential toxin producing cyanobacteria, Microcystis, was significantly correlated to microcystin-YR. Pseudanabaena sp. and Synechococcus sp. had strong negative correlations with several toxins that may indicate competition or stress between organisms. Non-metric multidimensional scaling identified three cyanobacterial pairs that may reflect symbiotic or antagonistic relations. This study highlights interactions among cyanobacteria and multiple cyanotoxins and the methods used may be useful for uncovering additional patterns in cyanobacteria communities in other systems, leading to further understanding of how those interactions lead to toxin production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128142","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V., Olds, H., Norland, J.E., and Khan, E., 2022, Phytoplankton community interactions and cyanotoxin mixtures in three recurring surface blooms within one lake: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 427, 128142, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128142.","productDescription":"128142, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128039","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Kabetogama Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.11805725097656,\n 48.4105166936892\n ],\n [\n -92.779541015625,\n 48.4105166936892\n ],\n [\n -92.779541015625,\n 48.537977131982025\n ],\n [\n -93.11805725097656,\n 48.537977131982025\n ],\n [\n -93.11805725097656,\n 48.4105166936892\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"427","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria 0000-0003-4166-7461","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":220548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olds, Hayley T. 0000-0002-6701-6459 htemplar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-6459","contributorId":5002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olds","given":"Hayley T.","email":"htemplar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":831206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norland, Jack E.","contributorId":214257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norland","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":39001,"text":"School of Natural Resources Sciences, North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khan, Eakalak","contributorId":220550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khan","given":"Eakalak","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40182,"text":"University of Nevada Las Vegas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230372,"text":"70230372 - 2022 - New insights into organic matter accumulation from high-resolution geochemical analysis of a black shale: Middle and Upper Devonian Horn River Group, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T16:47:14.960578","indexId":"70230372","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-24T08:11:05","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights into organic matter accumulation from high-resolution geochemical analysis of a black shale: Middle and Upper Devonian Horn River Group, Canada","docAbstract":"Organic matter (OM) accumulation in organic matter-rich mudstones, or black shales, is generally recognized to be controlled by combinations of bioproductivity, preservation, and dilution. However, specific triggers of OM deposition in these formations are commonly difficult to identify with geochemical proxies, in part because of feedbacks that cause geochemical proxies for these controls to vary synchronously. This apparent synchronicity is partly a function of sample spacing, commonly at decimeter to meter intervals, which may represent longer periods of time than is required for the development of feedbacks. Higher resolution data sets may be required to fully interpret OM accumulation.
This study applies a novel combination of technologies to develop a high-resolution geochemical data set, integrating energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and infrared imagery analyses, to record proxies for redox conditions, bioproductivity, and clastic and carbonate dilution in millimeter-resolution profiles of 133 core slabs from the Middle and Upper Devonian Horn River shale in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, which provides decadal-scale temporal resolution. A comparison to a more coarsely sampled data set from the same core results in substantially different interpretations of variations in bioproductivity, redox, and dilution proxies. Stratigraphic distributions of organic matter accumulation patterns (bioproductivity-control, siliciclastic/carbonate-dilution, and redox conditions-control) show that organic enrichment events were highly varied during deposition of the shale and were closely related to second- and third-order sea-level changes. High-resolution profiles indicate that bioproductivity was the predominant trigger for organic matter accumulation in a second-order highstand, particularly during deposition of third-order transgressive systems tracts. Organic matter accumulation was largely controlled by dilution from either carbonate or clastic sediments in a second-order lowstand. Bioproductivity-redox feedbacks developed on timescales of decades to centuries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B36091.1","usgsCitation":"Zhou, H., Harris, N.B., Dong, T., Ayranci, K., Feng, J., Rivard, B., Hackley, P.C., and Hatcherian, J.J., 2022, New insights into organic matter accumulation from high-resolution geochemical analysis of a black shale: Middle and Upper Devonian Horn River Group, Canada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 134, no. 7-8, p. 2130-2144, https://doi.org/10.1130/B36091.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2130","endPage":"2144","ipdsId":"IP-126339","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsab.s.17054183","text":"External Repository"},{"id":398462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia, Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Horn River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.91430664062499,\n 57.48040333923341\n ],\n [\n -120.531005859375,\n 57.48040333923341\n ],\n [\n -120.531005859375,\n 61.079544234557304\n ],\n [\n -125.91430664062499,\n 61.079544234557304\n ],\n [\n -125.91430664062499,\n 57.48040333923341\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"134","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, Haolin","contributorId":289963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Haolin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Nicholas B.","contributorId":289966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dong, Tian","contributorId":239901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dong","given":"Tian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48038,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ayranci, Korhan","contributorId":289969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ayranci","given":"Korhan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feng, Jilu","contributorId":289972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feng","given":"Jilu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rivard, Benoit","contributorId":289973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivard","given":"Benoit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hatcherian, Javin J. 0000-0001-9151-6798 jhatcherian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-6798","contributorId":195770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcherian","given":"Javin","email":"jhatcherian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70227357,"text":"70227357 - 2022 - Mapped predictions of manganese and arsenic in an alluvial aquifer using boosted regression trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T14:36:19.096668","indexId":"70227357","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-24T07:09:15","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapped predictions of manganese and arsenic in an alluvial aquifer using boosted regression trees","docAbstract":"Manganese (Mn) concentrations and the probability of arsenic (As) exceeding the drinking-water standard of 10 μg/L were predicted in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (MRVA) using boosted regression trees (BRT). BRT, a type of ensemble-tree machine-learning model, were created using predictor variables that affect Mn and As distribution in groundwater. These variables included iron (Fe) concentrations and specific conductance predicted from previously developed BRT models, groundwater flux and age estimates from MODFLOW, and hydrologic characteristics. The models also included results from the first airborne geophysical survey conducted in the United States to target an entire aquifer system. Predictions of high Mn and As occurred where Fe was high. Predicted high Mn concentrations were correlated with fraction of young groundwater (less than 65 years) computed from MODFLOW results. High probabilities of As exceedance were predicted where groundwater was relatively old and airborne electromagnetic resistivity was high, typically proximal to streams. Two-variable partial-dependence plots and sensitivity analysis were used to provide insight into the factors controlling Mn and As distribution in groundwater. The maps of predicted Mn concentrations and As exceedance probabilities can be used to identify areas where these constituents may be high, and that could be targeted for further study. This paper shows that incorporation of a selected set of process-informed data, such as MODFLOW results and airborne geophysics, into a machine-learning model improves model interpretability. Incorporation of process-rich information into machine-learning models will likely be useful for addressing a wide range of problems of interest to groundwater hydrologists.
Despite ongoing Lake Sturgeon recovery efforts, little is known about the role of stocking location on survival and dispersal to nursery habitats. We stocked age-0 Lake Sturgeon at four sites in two adjacent Missouri River tributaries and used telemetry to examine whether survival and dispersal differed among stocking sites and rivers. Survival estimates from Barker Cormack-Jolly-Seber models that incorporated both receiver detections and auxiliary manual detections were higher than spatial capture-recapture models that only included receiver detections. Barker model overwinter survival averaged 53% and provided information to adjust individual censoring in spatial capture-recapture model dispersal estimates. Within the two rivers, stocking site had little effect on activity centers with individuals from both sites converging upon similar locations by the end of the study period. However, dispersal distance and direction differed among stocking locations. Our overwinter survival estimates of stocked age-0 Lake Sturgeon in Missouri River tributaries were equal to or higher than other studied populations suggesting stocked juveniles may be contributing to the recovering population. Tributaries were important overwintering nursery locations with high stream fidelity that may contribute to future homing among adults.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3925","usgsCitation":"Moore, M., Paukert, C.P., Bonnot, T., Brooke, B., and Moore, T., 2022, Does where they start affect where they finish? A multimethod investigation of the role of stocking location on survival and dispersal of hatchery-reared Lake Sturgeon in Missouri River tributaries: River Research and Applications, v. 38, no. 4, p. 627-638, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3925.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"627","endPage":"638","ipdsId":"IP-124542","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Gasconade River, Missouri River, Osage River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 39.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, M.J.","contributorId":341714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":245524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonnot, T.W.","contributorId":274985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonnot","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooke, B.","contributorId":341723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooke","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, T.","contributorId":257287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":908828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70254832,"text":"70254832 - 2022 - Relationship of trout growth to frequent electrofishing and diet collection in a headwater stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-11T14:12:25.531179","indexId":"70254832","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-23T09:03:38","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of trout growth to frequent electrofishing and diet collection in a headwater stream","docAbstract":"Research on fishes sometimes requires that individual fish be captured and subjected to invasive procedures multiple times over a relatively short time span. Electrofishing is one of the most common techniques used to capture fish, and it is known to cause injury to fish under certain circumstances. We evaluated the relationship of growth rates in Columbia River Redband Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri to the number of times that they were captured via electrofishing and gastrically lavaged during the summer of 2018 in a mountainous, headwater stream. We captured fish between two and seven times over the course of 86 d using continuous (smooth) DC backpack electrofishing. We observed no relationship between the growth rate of Columbia River Redband Trout and the number of times that they were captured or gastrically lavaged. Although these findings contrast with hatchery electrofishing experiments, they may represent the greater resiliency of wild fish. It appears that researchers can use electrofishing and gastric lavage in cold waters at least once per month, and potentially up to twice per month, without greatly affecting the growth of wild Columbia River Redband Trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10728","usgsCitation":"Clancy, N.G., Dunnigan, J.L., and Budy, P., 2022, Relationship of trout growth to frequent electrofishing and diet collection in a headwater stream: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 42, no. 1, p. 109-114, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10728.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"114","ipdsId":"IP-133486","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Bear Creek, Libby Creek, Ramsey Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.6766783082558,\n 48.4467644853234\n ],\n [\n -115.6766783082558,\n 48.14538875631595\n ],\n [\n -115.30322838074561,\n 48.14538875631595\n ],\n [\n -115.30322838074561,\n 48.4467644853234\n ],\n [\n -115.6766783082558,\n 48.4467644853234\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clancy, Niall G.","contributorId":337769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clancy","given":"Niall","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":52338,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunnigan, James L.","contributorId":337770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunnigan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":52338,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":228930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70227008,"text":"70227008 - 2022 - Salinity contributions from geothermal waters to the Rio Grande and shallow aquifer system in the transboundary Mesilla (United States)/Conejos-Médanos (Mexico) Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T14:11:36.8632","indexId":"70227008","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-23T08:30:37","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity contributions from geothermal waters to the Rio Grande and shallow aquifer system in the transboundary Mesilla (United States)/Conejos-Médanos (Mexico) Basin","docAbstract":"Freshwater scarcity has raised concerns about the long-term availability of the water supplies within the transboundary Mesilla (United States)/Conejos-Médanos (Mexico) Basin in Texas, New Mexico, and Chihuahua. Analysis of legacy temperature data and groundwater flux estimates indicates that the region’s known geothermal systems may contribute more than 45,000 tons of dissolved solids per year to the shallow aquifer system, with around 8500 tons of dissolved solids being delivered from localized groundwater upflow zones within those geothermal systems. If this salinity flux is steady and eventually flows into the Rio Grande, it could account for 22% of the typical average annual cumulative Rio Grande salinity that leaves the basin each year—this salinity proportion could be much greater in times of low streamflow. Regional water level mapping indicates upwelling brackish waters flow towards the Rio Grande and the southern part of the Mesilla portion of the basin with some water intercepted by wells in Las Cruces and northern Chihuahua. Upwelling waters ascend from depths greater than 1 km with focused flow along fault zones, uplifted bedrock, and/or fractured igneous intrusions. Overall, this work demonstrates the utility of using heat as a groundwater tracer to identify salinity sources and further informs stakeholders on the presence of several brackish upflow zones that could notably degrade the quality of international water supplies in this developed drought-stricken region.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w14010033","usgsCitation":"Pepin, J.D., Robertson, A.J., and Kelley, S.A., 2022, Salinity contributions from geothermal waters to the Rio Grande and shallow aquifer system in the transboundary Mesilla (United States)/Conejos-Médanos (Mexico) Basin: Water, v. 14, 33, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010033.","productDescription":"33, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130212","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Chuhuahua, New Mexico, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.60009765625,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 32.9257074887604\n ],\n [\n -107.60009765625,\n 32.9257074887604\n ],\n [\n -107.60009765625,\n 30.372875188118016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pepin, Jeff D. 0000-0002-7410-9979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-9979","contributorId":222161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepin","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Andrew J. 0000-0003-2130-0347 ajrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2130-0347","contributorId":4129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Andrew","email":"ajrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, Shari A.","contributorId":216179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelley","given":"Shari","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16150,"text":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70227402,"text":"70227402 - 2022 - Improving groundwater model calibration with repeat microgravity measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T14:37:28.20751","indexId":"70227402","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-23T06:52:44","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving groundwater model calibration with repeat microgravity measurements","docAbstract":"Groundwater-flow models depend on hydraulic head and flux observations for evaluation and calibration. A different type of observation—change in storage measured using repeat microgravity—can also be used for parameter estimation by simulating the expected change in gravity from a groundwater model and including the observation misfit in the objective function. The method is demonstrated using new software linked to MODFLOW input and output files and field data from the vicinity of the All American Canal in southeast California, USA. Over a 10-year period following lining of the previously highly permeable canal with concrete, gravity decreased by over 100 μGal (equivalent to about 2.5 m of free-standing water) at some locations as seepage decreased and the remnant groundwater mound dissipated into the aquifer or was removed by groundwater pumping. Simulated gravity from a MODFLOW model closely matched observations, and repeat microgravity data proved useful for constraining both hydraulic conductivity and specific yield estimates. Specific yield estimated using the infinite-horizontal slab approximation agreed well with model-derived values, and the departure from the linear, flat-water-table approximation was small, less than 2%, despite relatively large and dynamic water-table slope. First-order second-moment parameter uncertainty analysis shows reduction in uncertainty for all hydraulic conductivity and specific yield parameter estimates with the addition of repeat microgravity data, as compared to drawdown data alone.
Because the amount of available ground‐motion data has increased over the last decades, the need for automated processing algorithms has also increased. One difficulty with automated processing is to screen clipped records. Clipping occurs when the ground‐motion amplitude exceeds the dynamic range of the linear response of the instrument. Clipped records in which the amplitude exceeds the dynamic range are relatively easy to identify visually yet challenging for automated algorithms. In this article, we seek to identify a reliable and fully automated clipping detection algorithm tailored to near‐real‐time earthquake response needs. We consider multiple alternative algorithms, including (1) an algorithm based on the percentage difference in adjacent data points, (2) the standard deviation of the data within a moving window, (3) the shape of the histogram of the recorded amplitudes, (4) the second derivative of the data, and (5) the amplitude of the data. To quantitatively compare these algorithms, we construct development and holdout datasets from earthquakes across a range of geographic regions, tectonic environments, and instrument types. We manually classify each record for the presence of clipping and use the classified records. We then develop an artificial neural network model that combines all the individual algorithms. Testing on the holdout dataset, the standard deviation and histogram approaches are the most accurate individual algorithms, with an overall accuracy of about 93%. The combined artificial neural network method yields an overall accuracy of 95%, and the choice of classification threshold can balance precision and recall.
Anthropogenic climate change during the 21st century presents a significant challenge to the protection of cultural resources (CRs) on federal lands that encompass ∼ 28% of the U.S. In particular, CRs on this land base may be adversely affected by a wide range of climate-change hazards, including damage by sea-level rise, enhanced deterioration by increasing temperature and precipitation, and destruction by more-frequent and severe wildfire. Most current measures to manage the impacts of hazards on CRs use vulnerability assessments, but because these require that all CRs be treated as having an equal chance of being affected by climate-change hazards (i.e., equal exposure) across large landscapes, the cost and resources required for such analyses are overwhelming to land management agencies. Projections of changes in many hazards, however, show that the probability of hazard occurrence will be unevenly distributed on the landscape. Incorporating this information into a risk assessment thus allows CR managers to prioritize their efforts on assessing impacts to CRs in those areas where the probability of the hazard is greatest, thus increasing efficiency. We provide several heuristic examples of implementing the first part of a CR risk assessment by using 21st-century projections of several hazards most likely to adversely affect CRs on nine National Forests (NFs) managed by the U.S. Forest Service in northern Idaho and Montana. Overlaying the projected distribution of hazards on these NFs with the distribution of CRs identifies CR exposure that, with information on their vulnerability, is required to determine risk. Additional policy and field studies will be needed to determine how to prioritize those CRs that are most at risk according to their significance as well as identify how impacts can be reduced and managed through adaptation planning and implementation. Adaptation will follow the iterative risk management process particularly by improving projection resolution. Finer scale, process-based modeling informed by the highest priority CRs would also provide a means to assess various adaptation options that might change the estimated risk and increase the odds of CRs being as little affected as possible.
Distinguishing between seismic and aseismic fault slip in the geologic record is difficult, yet fundamental to estimating the seismic potential of faults and the likelihood of multi-fault ruptures. We integrated chirp sub-bottom imaging with targeted cross-fault coring and core analyses of sedimentary proxy data to characterize vertical deformation and slip behavior within an extensional fault bend along the Hayward-Rodgers Creek fault system in northern San Pablo Bay. We identified and traced four key seismic horizons (R1–R4), all younger than approximately 1400 CE, that cross the fault and extend throughout the basin. A stratigraphic age model was developed using detailed down-core radiocarbon and radioisotope dating combined with measurements of anthropogenic metal concentrations. The onset of hydraulic mining within the Sierra Nevada in 1852 CE left a clear geochemical and magnetic signature within core samples. This key time horizon was used to calculate a local reservoir correction and reduce uncertainty in radiocarbon age calibration and models. Vertical fault offset of strata younger than the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake on the Hayward fault in 1868 CE suggest near-surface vertical creep is occurring along the fault in northern San Pablo Bay at a rate of approximately 0.4 mm/yr. In addition, we present evidence of at least one and possibly two coseismic events associated with growth strata above horizons R1 and R2, with median event ages estimated to be 1400 CE and 1800 CE, respectively. The timing of both these events overlaps with paleoseismic events on adjacent fault sections, suggesting the possibility of multi-fault rupture.