{"pageNumber":"408","pageRowStart":"10175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16437,"records":[{"id":24570,"text":"ofr96455 - 1996 - Documentation of programs used to determine a wetlands hydroperiod from model-simulated water-surface elevations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr96455","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-455","title":"Documentation of programs used to determine a wetlands hydroperiod from model-simulated water-surface elevations","docAbstract":"A technique has been developed to determine a wetlands hydroperiod by comparing simulated water levels from a ground-water flow model and land- surface elevation data through a geographic information system. The simulated water levels are compared with the land-surface elevation data to determine the height of the water surface above or below land surface for the area of interest. Finally, the hydroperiod is determined for established time periods using criteria specified by the user. The program application requires the use of geographic information system software (ARC/INFO), including the TIN and GRID subsystems of the software. The application consists of an ANSI compatible C program to translate ground- water data output from the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model (MODFLOW) into a format that can be used as input for the geographic information system programs (AML's). The application uses ARC/INFO AML programs and ARC/INFO menu interface programs to create digital spatial data layers of the land surface and water surface and to determine the hydroperiod. The technique can be used to evaluate and manage wetlands hydrology.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96455","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Sonenshein, R., 1996, Documentation of programs used to determine a wetlands hydroperiod from model-simulated water-surface elevations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-455, iii, 47 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96455.","productDescription":"iii, 47 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0455/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53619,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0455/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63615e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonenshein, R.S.","contributorId":10415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonenshein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24371,"text":"ofr96468 - 1996 - Hydrologic data for wetland sites at Millington, Shelby County, and Huntingdon, Carroll County, Tennessee, May 1994 through September 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr96468","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-468","title":"Hydrologic data for wetland sites at Millington, Shelby County, and Huntingdon, Carroll County, Tennessee, May 1994 through September 1995","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data at two wetland sites near Millington and Huntingdon in West Tennessee were collected to assist efforts by the Tennessee Department of Transportation to determine hydrologic conditions at the sites prior to wetland restoration. The Millington site is located along the Big Creek Drainage Canal east of State Route 240. Water levels were monitored in thirteen 8-inch-diameter wells from July 1994 through September 1995. Water-level recorders provided continuous measurement of water level during periods of wetland inundation and depth to water table during periods of noninundation. A crest-stage indicator and a continuous-stage recorder were installed to monitor surface-water fluctuation. Precipitation data were recorded to determine timing and duration of rainfall events. Land surface at the wells was inundated from 0 to 48 percent of the study period. Additionally, water levels at the wells were within 1.5 feet of the land surface from 0 to 56 percent of the study period. The Huntingdon study site is located along the Crooked Creek Drainage Canal at State Route 22. Ground-water levels were monitored in two wells (wells W-1 and W-2) with continuous water- level recorders from May 1994 through September 1995. Water levels did not rise above land surface at either well during the study. Water levels at wells W-1 and W-2 were within 1.5 feet of the land surface 46 and 50 percent of the study period, respectively. Surface-water stage was monitored at a pond on the mitigation site.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96468","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.A., and Diehl, T., 1996, Hydrologic data for wetland sites at Millington, Shelby County, and Huntingdon, Carroll County, Tennessee, May 1994 through September 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-468, iv, 31 p. :ill, maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96468.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill, maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1721,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96468","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db607c31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, J. A.","contributorId":57417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, T.H.","contributorId":89170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27403,"text":"wri954237 - 1996 - Hydrology of modern and late holocene lakes, Death Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri954237","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4237","title":"Hydrology of modern and late holocene lakes, Death Valley, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954237","usgsCitation":"Grasso, D., 1996, Hydrology of modern and late holocene lakes, Death Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4237, vii, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954237.","productDescription":"vii, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56262,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601f19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grasso, D.N.","contributorId":28281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasso","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29390,"text":"wri964084 - 1996 - Estimation of flood-frequency characteristics of small urban streams in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T13:13:01","indexId":"wri964084","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4084","title":"Estimation of flood-frequency characteristics of small urban streams in North Carolina","docAbstract":"A statewide study was conducted to develop methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods of small urban streams in North Carolina. This type of information is critical in the design of bridges, culverts and water-control structures, establishment of flood-insurance rates and flood-plain regulation, and for other uses by urban planners and engineers.\r\n\r\nConcurrent records of rainfall and runoff data collected in small urban basins were used to calibrate rainfall-runoff models. Historic rain- fall records were used with the calibrated models to synthesize a long- term record of annual peak discharges. The synthesized record of annual peak discharges were used in a statistical analysis to determine flood- frequency distributions. These frequency distributions were used with distributions from previous investigations to develop a database for 32 small urban basins in the Blue Ridge-Piedmont, Sand Hills, and Coastal Plain hydrologic areas. The study basins ranged in size from 0.04 to 41.0 square miles. Data describing the size and shape of the basin, level of urban development, and climate and rural flood charac- teristics also were included in the database.\r\n\r\nEstimation equations were developed by relating flood-frequency char- acteristics to basin characteristics in a generalized least-squares regression analysis. The most significant basin characteristics are drainage area, impervious area, and rural flood discharge. The model error and prediction errors for the estimating equations were less than those for the national flood-frequency equations previously reported. Resulting equations, which have prediction errors generally less than 40 percent, can be used to estimate flood-peak discharges for 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for small urban basins across the State assuming negligible, sustainable, in- channel detention or basin storage.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964084","usgsCitation":"Robbins, J., and Pope, B., 1996, Estimation of flood-frequency characteristics of small urban streams in North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4084, iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964084.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa88a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, J.C.","contributorId":37780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, B.F.","contributorId":10062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28003,"text":"wri954187 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri954187","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4187","title":"Hydrogeology and steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah","docAbstract":"As part of a multidisciplinary regional aquifer-system \r\nanalysis, a three-dimensional steady-state ground-water-flow \r\nmodel was constructed for the San Juan Basin in parts of New \r\nMexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah. The model simulated ground-\r\nwater flow in 12 hydrostratigraphic units representing all of the \r\nmajor sources of ground water from aquifers of Jurassic and \r\nyounger age.\r\n\r\n     Ten map reports in the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic \r\nInvestigations Atlas 720 series were prepared in conjunction with \r\nthis investigation. The units that were described in the atlases \r\nwere the San Jose, Nacimiento, and Animas Formations; Ojo Alamo \r\nSandstone; Kirtland Shale and Fruitland Formation; Pictured \r\nCliffs Sandstone; Cliff House Sandstone; Menefee Formation; Point \r\nLookout Sandstone; Gallup Sandstone; Dakota Sandstone; and \r\nMorrison Formation. Additional descriptions of the alluvial and \r\nlandslide deposits, Chuska and Crevasse Canyon Sandstones, Lewis \r\nand Mancos Shales, Wanakah Formation, and Entrada Sandstone are \r\nincluded in this report. Much of the information in the HA-720 \r\nseries was generated from digital computer data bases that were \r\ndirectly usable by the computer for compilation of input data for \r\nthe model. In essence, the major components of the ground-water-\r\nflow model were described and documented in the series of \r\nhydrologic atlases.\r\n\r\n     The primary finding resulting from the ground-water-flow \r\nsimulation was that boundary conditions and internal geometry of \r\nthe aquifers are the major controls of steady-state ground-water \r\nflow and hydraulic heads in the San Juan Basin. Another \r\nsignificant finding was that the computed steady-state ground-\r\nwater flux is a very minor component (about 1 percent) of the \r\ntotal water budget of the basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, [Water Resources Division, New Mexico District] ;\r\nCan be purchased from U.S.G.S., Branch of Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/wri954187","usgsCitation":"Kernodle, J.M., 1996, Hydrogeology and steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4187, ix, 117 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954187.","productDescription":"ix, 117 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4187/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56830,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64986b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kernodle, J. M.","contributorId":81139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44704,"text":"wri944234 - 1996 - Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system, Mullica River basin, New Jersey, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:27","indexId":"wri944234","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4234","title":"Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system, Mullica River basin, New Jersey, 1991-92","docAbstract":"The Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, an unconfined aquifer system, is a major source of water in the Mullica River Basin in southern New Jersey. A water-level map was constructed from water levels measured in 197 wells and at 156 stream sites in the basin. Water levels in six observation wells were evaluated for seasonal fluctuations. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the unconfined aquifer ranges from 20 to 130 feet per day. Mean annual discharge at three streamflow-gaging stations in the Mullica River Basin during 1928-91 was 106 cubic feet per second; annual base flow at these three stations during 1928-91 ranged from 34 to 149 cubic feet per second. Mean discharge and base flow at 17 low-flow partial-record sites were determined by means of low-flow-correlation analyses. Mean annual precipitation in the study area, measured at 3 weather stations, was 45 inches during 1927-91. Annual potential evapotranspiration is estimated to be 28 inches. Twenty-five ground- and 14 surface-water-sampling sites were selected for water-quality analysis. The predominant cation in the ground and surface water is sodium; the predominant anion in the surface water is chloride and the predominant anions in the ground water are chloride and sulfate. Total consumptive water use in the study area is estimated to be more than 3,300 million gallons per year:  526 million gallons for public and private domestic water supply, 2,768 million gallons for for irrigation, and 18 million gallons for industry and mining. A water budget calculated for the Mullicat River Basin indicates that ground-water recharge is about 19 inches per year.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri944234","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.L., and Watt, M.K., 1996, Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system, Mullica River basin, New Jersey, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4234, 10 maps on 6 over-sized sheets ; 49 x 56 cm. or smaller, sheets 70 x 101 cm. or smaller, folded in envelope 25 x 33 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944234.","productDescription":"10 maps on 6 over-sized sheets ; 49 x 56 cm. or smaller, sheets 70 x 101 cm. or smaller, folded in envelope 25 x 33 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110271,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48101.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"48101"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Melissa L.","contributorId":87903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, Martha K. 0000-0001-5651-3428 mwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-3428","contributorId":3275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Martha","email":"mwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29253,"text":"wri964110 - 1996 - Simulation of storm peaks and storm volumes for selected subbasins in the West Fork Trinity River Basin, Texas, water years 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T19:41:49.08274","indexId":"wri964110","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4110","title":"Simulation of storm peaks and storm volumes for selected subbasins in the West Fork Trinity River Basin, Texas, water years 1993-94","docAbstract":"<p>A model parameter set for use with the Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN watershed model was developed to simulate storm peaks and storm volumes for the 28 subbasins of the West Fork Trinity River Basin upstream from Lake Worth, northwest of Fort Worth, Texas, from the calibration and testing of 5 gaged subbasins. These parameters can be transferred to the 23 ungaged subbasins. The model simulates storm runoff for a channel-routing model that can be used to improve reservoir operation during floods in the basin. </p><p>Rainfall and runoff data were collected from October 1, 1992, to September 30, 1994. A total of 55 storms were recorded at the 5 streamgage stations during the 24 months. Twelve different pervious land segments were defined based on types of soil, land cover, and watershed slope. A total of 20 process-related parameters were defined for each land segment, and 6 basin-related parameters were defined for each stream reach. </p><p>The mean absolute errors for the 5 subbasins for simulation of storm peaks range from 48.0 to 470 percent and for simulation of storm volumes range from 34.4 to 416 percent. A sensitivity analysis was done to determine what a change in a parameter value has on the largest storm peak and on the total storm volume. The model then was recalibrated and tested on the basis of the analysis of the sensitivity of parameters and on the analysis of the errors from the initial model calibration and testing. The mean absolute errors for the 5 subbasins using the recalibrated parameters for simulation of storm peaks range from 47.1 to 297 percent, and for simulation of storm volumes range from 27.6 to 193 percent. </p><p>The model produced better results for simulation of the larger storm peaks and storm volumes than for simulation of the smaller storm peaks and storm volumes, especially after an extended period of no runoff. The same range in errors can be expected when transferring the parameters to the 23 ungaged subbasins. Additional data collection and model refinement could decrease the range of expected model errors. More storm data and improved discharge rating curves could result in model parameters that account for the wide seasonal variations in runoff in the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri964110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement","usgsCitation":"Raines, T.H., 1996, Simulation of storm peaks and storm volumes for selected subbasins in the West Fork Trinity River Basin, Texas, water years 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4110, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964110.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4110/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58103,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4110/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415186,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48466.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"West Fork Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.05,\n              33.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.05,\n              32.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.5667,\n              32.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.5667,\n              33.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.05,\n              33.45\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f220b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, T. H.","contributorId":88389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5204,"text":"fs18096 - 1996 - Review and evaluation of a model for simulating the natural hydrology of South Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T15:52:11.856503","indexId":"fs18096","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"180-96","displayTitle":"Review and Evaluation of a Model for Simulating the Natural Hydrology of South Florida","title":"Review and evaluation of a model for simulating the natural hydrology of South Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The South Florida Ecosystem Program is an intergovernmental effort to re-establish and maintain the ecosystem of South Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for making management decisions. The U.S. Geologcal Survey (USGS) is one of the agencies that provides this needed scientific information through the USGS South Florida Ecosystem Program.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs18096","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., Fulford, J.M., and Swain, E.D., 1996, Review and evaluation of a model for simulating the natural hydrology of South Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 180-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18096.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31935,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0180/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-180"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.540283203125,\n              24.337086982410497\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.60693359375,\n              24.337086982410497\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.60693359375,\n              26.980828590472107\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.540283203125,\n              26.980828590472107\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.540283203125,\n              24.337086982410497\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Background</li><li>Program</li><li>Study Objective</li><li>Methods</li><li>Selected Results</li><li>Scheduled and Planned Products</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604248","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":6715,"text":"fs07796 - 1996 - Using geochemical and statistical tools to identify irrigated areas that might contain high selenium concentrations in surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T13:12:37","indexId":"fs07796","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"077-96","title":"Using geochemical and statistical tools to identify irrigated areas that might contain high selenium concentrations in surface water","docAbstract":"<p>Ir<span>rigated agriculture has a long history in the Western United States, beginning with Native American Indians. After passage of the Reclamation Act of 1902, the United States Government began building and subsidizing irrigation projects to foster settlement and development of the arid and semi-arid areas of the Western United States (National Research Council, 1989). Precipitation in the mountainous areas of the West (fig. 1) is stored in reservoirs and used for irrigation of farmland. With the development of irrigated agriculture, unforeseen environmental problems have occurred.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs07796","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., 1996, Using geochemical and statistical tools to identify irrigated areas that might contain high selenium concentrations in surface water: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 077-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07796.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_077_96.bmp"},{"id":334642,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-077-96/images/FS-077-96.pdf","size":"231 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":758,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-077-96","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"publicComments":"National Irrigation Water Quality Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23088,"text":"ofr95384 - 1996 - Reconnaissance of hydrologic monitoring sites and preliminary monitoring plan for the Vale, Oregon, geothermal area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T21:00:58.819722","indexId":"ofr95384","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-384","title":"Reconnaissance of hydrologic monitoring sites and preliminary monitoring plan for the Vale, Oregon, geothermal area","docAbstract":"<p>The Bonneville Power Administration is working with private industry to develop a geothermal demonstration project in the Known Geothermal Resources Area (KGRA) near Vale, Oregon. Hydrologic monitoring in the area is planned in order to evaluate any impacts from the proposed development. The hydrology in and around the Vale KGRA is not well known. Additionally, little is known about the targeted geothermal reservoir and the nature of its connection to the shallow ground-water system. Given this uncertainty, a variety of features were selected to ensure adequate monitoring coverage. Wells and springs in and around the geothermal area were evaluated, and 19 were selected as potential monitoring sites. In selecting wells and springs for monitoring, particular emphasis was placed on those with a known or probable connection with the geothermal system because they would most likely be the first to show any effects from development. The selected features include thermal wells in the hot-spring area near the town of Vale and a hot spring south of the KGRA. Several warm wells (70 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit) near the KGRA were also selected because it is likely that the water produced from these wells includes a component of geothermal water. In order to identify any effects of development, it is necessary to have an understanding of natural and man-caused variations and trends prior to development. A quarterly measurement schedule is proposed to help characterize these variations and trends. It is anticipated that the proposed monitoring plan will be modified as exploration and development proceed and more is learned about the geothermal system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr95384","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Gannett, M.W., and Caldwell, R.R., 1996, Reconnaissance of hydrologic monitoring sites and preliminary monitoring plan for the Vale, Oregon, geothermal area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-384, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95384.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":52458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0384/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":157057,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0384/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":420807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18469.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Vale Known Geothermal Resource Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.48229980468749,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.48229980468749,\n              44.03133330993374\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.03186035156251,\n              44.03133330993374\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.03186035156251,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.48229980468749,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a63e4b07f02db637ad1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5084,"text":"fs19796 - 1996 - Hydrology and water quality of Park Lake, south-central Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T09:16:25","indexId":"fs19796","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"197-96","title":"Hydrology and water quality of Park Lake, south-central Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Park Lake extends to the northeast from the village of Pardeeville in Columbia County (fig. 1). Local residents perceive water-quality problems in the lake that include excessive algae and aquatic plant growth. Algae and plant growth in a lake are controlled, in part, by the availability of phosphorus in the water. However, no measurements of phosphorus enter- ing the lake or of other factors that affect lake-water quality had been made, and available data on water quality were limited to 2 years of measurements at one site in the lake in 1986- 87. To obtain the data and in- formation needed to address the water-quality problems at Park Lake and to develop a management plan that would limit the input of phosphorus to the lake, the U.S. Geologi- cal Survey, in cooperation with the Park Lake Management District, studied the hydrology of the lake and collected data needed to determine sources and amount of phosphorus en- tering the lake. This Fact Sheet summarizes the results of that study. Data collected during the study were published in a separate report (Holmstrom and others, 1994, p. 70-85).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs19796","usgsCitation":"Kammerer, P., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Park Lake, south-central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 197-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs19796.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31882,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0197/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Columbia County","otherGeospatial":"Park Lake","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.2453,43.643],[-89.127,43.6436],[-89.1271,43.6318],[-89.007,43.6332],[-89.0063,43.548],[-89.0044,43.4616],[-89.0038,43.3737],[-89.0088,43.3738],[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7292,43.3026],[-89.7279,43.3108],[-89.7254,43.3153],[-89.7229,43.3181],[-89.7185,43.3195],[-89.7129,43.3226],[-89.7078,43.3277],[-89.7028,43.3345],[-89.6909,43.3495],[-89.684,43.3573],[-89.6783,43.3586],[-89.6708,43.3582],[-89.6613,43.3577],[-89.6456,43.36],[-89.6311,43.3646],[-89.6166,43.371],[-89.6009,43.3806],[-89.6004,43.4688],[-89.5999,43.5544],[-89.6075,43.5603],[-89.6138,43.5626],[-89.6277,43.5617],[-89.6359,43.5603],[-89.6511,43.5621],[-89.658,43.5634],[-89.6643,43.5657],[-89.6707,43.5666],[-89.6783,43.5671],[-89.6877,43.5634],[-89.6934,43.5616],[-89.6991,43.562],[-89.706,43.5648],[-89.7187,43.5652],[-89.7288,43.5661],[-89.7351,43.5693],[-89.7364,43.5743],[-89.7326,43.5793],[-89.7288,43.5829],[-89.7244,43.587],[-89.7188,43.5929],[-89.7207,43.597],[-89.727,43.5979],[-89.7428,43.597],[-89.751,43.5997],[-89.7567,43.6029],[-89.7662,43.6029],[-89.7738,43.6092],[-89.7763,43.6161],[-89.7808,43.6215],[-89.7802,43.6274],[-89.7789,43.6343],[-89.784,43.6388],[-89.7866,43.6411],[-89.779,43.6411],[-89.7195,43.643],[-89.6,43.6427],[-89.4837,43.6423],[-89.3648,43.6427],[-89.2453,43.643]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Columbia\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604d75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kammerer, P.A.","contributorId":21943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerer","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22569,"text":"ofr95426A - 1996 - Method for the determination of dissolved chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in natural water using ion chromatography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T07:06:40","indexId":"ofr95426A","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-426A","title":"Method for the determination of dissolved chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in natural water using ion chromatography","docAbstract":"Ion chromatography was used for the determination of dissolved chloride, nitrate and sulfate in natural water where concentrations ranged from a detection limit of 0.02 milligrams per liter to 80 milligrams per liter for chloride, to 18 milligrams per liter for nitrate, and to 280 milligrams per liter for sulfate. Specific conductance was the mode of detection used. Three analytical sample size loops of 11, 61, and 250 microliters, were used to include the analytical ranges described. U.S. Geological Survey Standard Reference Water Samples were analyzed to test the precision and accuracy of the analyses.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95426A","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brinton, T.I., Antweiler, R.C., and Taylor, H.E., 1996, Method for the determination of dissolved chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in natural water using ion chromatography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-426A, Report: iii, 16 p.; HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95426A.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 16 p.; HTML","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0426a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52052,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0426a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8227,"rank":9998,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/SW_inorganic/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brinton, Terry I.","contributorId":46986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinton","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29815,"text":"wri964064 - 1996 - Hydrogeologic setting and preliminary estimates of hydrologic components for Bull Run Lake and the Bull Run Lake drainage basin, Multnomah and Clackamas counties, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:38:17","indexId":"wri964064","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4064","title":"Hydrogeologic setting and preliminary estimates of hydrologic components for Bull Run Lake and the Bull Run Lake drainage basin, Multnomah and Clackamas counties, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeologic setting was described and preliminary estimates of hydrologic components prepared for the Bull Run Lake and for the Bull Run Lake drainage basin, in the Cascade Range of northwestern Oregon. The 0.73-square-mile lake and the 3.44-square-mile drainage basin lie within the Bull Run Watershed, the principal water supply for the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area. During periods of high demand or low inflows to the watershed, the City of Portland, Bureau of Water Works, releases water from Bull Run Lake to augment the supply.</p>\n<p>Bull Run Lake is impounded by a natural dam formed by a landslide. Outflow of ground water from the lake through the landslide emerges as springflow at the toe of the landslide and forms the headwaters of the Bull Run River. The approximately 4,300-Mgal (million gallons) discharge of the Bull Run River measured below the springs during the 1993 water year is composed of (1) outflow of ground water from Bull Run Lake through the landslide (approximately 60 percent), (2) ground water originating from the contributing drainage area between the lake and the springs (approximately 34 percent), (3) streamflow from Bull Run Lake (approximately 5 percent), and (4) surface runoff (streamflow and overland flow) from the contributing drainage area between the lake and the springs (approximately 1 percent). Estimated ranges for inflows to the Bull Run Lake drainage basin during the 1993 water year were about 3,400 to 9,200 Mgal from precipitation from rain and snow, and about 0 to 3,300 Mgal from fog drip.</p>\n<p>Estimated ranges for outflows from the lake basin, listed from largest to smallest, were about 1,800 to 3,400 Mgal for ground-water outflow through the landslide; about 600 to 1,800 Mgal for evapotranspiration from the land surface; about 170 to 410 Mgal for lake evaporation; and about 0 to 400 Mgal for streamflow from the lake. Ground- water outflow through the consolidated rocks could not be evaluated owing to the lack of data. The lake storage increased by a range of from about 1,700 to 1,900 Mgal. Changes in ground-water storage and soil-moisture storage could not be evaluated as a result of insufficient data.</p>\n<p>Estimated inflows to Bull Run Lake from precipitation on the lake surface during the 1993 water year ranged from about 600 to 1,600 Mgal. Inflows from ground water and surface runoff could not be evaluated owing to the lack of data. Estimated ranges for outflows from the lake were about 1,800 to 3,400 Mgal from ground-wateroutflow through the landslide, about 170 to 410 Mgal from lake evaporation, and about 0 to 400 Mgal from streamflow. Outflow of ground water through the consolidated rocks could not be evaluated owing to the lack of data. Lake storage increased by a range of from about 1,700 to 1,900 Mgal.</p>\n<p>Suggestions for further study include (1) evaluation of the surface-runoff component of inflow to the lake; (2) use of a cross-sectional ground-water flow model to estimate ground-water inflow, outflow, and storage; (3) additional data collection to reduce the uncertainties of the hydrologic components that have large relative uncertainties; and (4) determination of long-term trends for a wide range of climatic and hydrologic conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri964064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with City of Portland Bureau of Water Works","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., and Brownell, D.L., 1996, Hydrogeologic setting and preliminary estimates of hydrologic components for Bull Run Lake and the Bull Run Lake drainage basin, Multnomah and Clackamas counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4064, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964064.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58616,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4064/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Clackamas County, Multnomah County","otherGeospatial":"Bull Run Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownell, Dorie L.","contributorId":50539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownell","given":"Dorie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27886,"text":"wri954260 - 1996 - Potential effects of climate change on streamflow, eastern and western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T13:23:38","indexId":"wri954260","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4260","title":"Potential effects of climate change on streamflow, eastern and western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Precipitation-runoff models of the East Fork Carson and North Fork American Rivers were developed and calibrated for use in evaluating the sensitivity of streamflow in the north-central Sierra Nevada to climate change. The East Fork Carson River drains part of the rain-shadowed, eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada and is generally higher than the North Fork American River, which drains the wetter, western slope. First, a geographic information system was developed to describe the spatial variability of basin characteristics and to help estimate model parameters. The result was a partitioning of each basin into noncontiguous, but hydrologically uniform, land units. Hydrologic descriptions of these units were developed and the Precipitation- Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to simulate water and energy balances for each unit in response to daily weather conditions. The models were calibrated and verified using historical streamflows over 22-year (Carson River) and 42-year (American River) periods. Simulated annual streamflow errors average plus 10 percent of the observed flow for the East Fork Carson River basin and plus 15 percent for the North Fork American River basin. Interannual variability is well simulated overall, but, at daily scales, wet periods are simulated more accurately than drier periods. The simulated water budgets for the two basins are significantly different in seasonality of streamflow, sublimation, evapotranspiration, and snowmelt. The simulations indicate that differences in snowpack and snowmelt timing can play pervasive roles in determining the sensitivity of water resources to climate change, in terms of both resource availability and amount. The calibrated models were driven by more than 25 hypothetical climate-change scenarios, each 100 years long. The scenarios were synthesized and spatially disaggregated by methods designed to preserve realistic daily, monthly, annual, and spatial statistics. Simulated streamflow timing was not very sensitive to changes in mean precipitation, but was sensitive to changes in mean temperatures. Changes in annual streamflow amounts were amplified reflections of imposed mean precipitation changes, with especially large responses to wetter climates. In contrast, streamflow amount was surprisingly insensitive to mean temperature changes as a result of temporal links between peak snowmelt and the beginning of warm-season evapotranspiration. Comparisons of simulations driven by temporally detailed climate-model changes in which mean temperature changes vary from month to month and simulations in which uniform climate changes were imposed throughout the year indicate that the snowpack accumulates the influences of short-term conditions so that season average climate changes were more important than shorter term changes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954260","usgsCitation":"Jeton, A., Dettinger, M.D., and Smith, J.L., 1996, Potential effects of climate change on streamflow, eastern and western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4260, v, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954260.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4260/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56708,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4260/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeton, A.E.","contributorId":61841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":198851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24227,"text":"ofr96441 - 1996 - Annual yield and selected hydrologic data for the Arkansas River basin compact Arkansas-Oklahoma, 1995 water year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr96441","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-441","title":"Annual yield and selected hydrologic data for the Arkansas River basin compact Arkansas-Oklahoma, 1995 water year","docAbstract":"The computed annual yield and deficiency of the subbasins as defined in the Arkansas River Basin Compact, Arkansas-Oklahoma, are given in tables for the 1995 water year. Actual runoff from the subbasins and depletion caused by major reservoirs in the compact area also are given in tabular form. Monthly mean discharges are shown for the 17 streamflow stations used in computing annual yield. Water-quality data are shown for 20 water-quality stations sampled in the Arkansas River Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96441","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Porter, J., 1996, Annual yield and selected hydrologic data for the Arkansas River basin compact Arkansas-Oklahoma, 1995 water year: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-441, iii, 64 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96441.","productDescription":"iii, 64 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0441/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53361,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0441/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, J.E.","contributorId":51779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23958,"text":"ofr9487 - 1996 - Ground-water resources data for Warren County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T10:06:53","indexId":"ofr9487","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-87","title":"Ground-water resources data for Warren County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"This report presents lithologic, hydrologic, and chemical data collected during a study of the ground-water resources of Warren County, Pa. The study was conducted during 1983-90 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, and the Warren County Commissioners. The data include information on aquifers, water levels, and yields for about 600 wells, and records for 57 springs. Descriptions of aquifer lithology and chemical analyses of water samples collected at well and spring sites are provided. Chemical analyses include major cations, anions, nutrients, and selected trace elements. Also included are data on concentrations of volatile organic compounds, dissolved methane, ethane, propane, and total organic carbon. The report presents a summary of the source and significance of selected chemical constituents in ground water, a listing of Federal drinking water standards, and information on selected methods of removing or reducing concentrations of undesirable chemical constituents from water. Daily ground- water levels for five observation wells are tabulated. Maps of Warren County show the location of townships, boroughs, and 7-1/2-minute quadrangles. Data-collection sites are shown on 18 figures. A glossary is provided for readers unfamiliar with ground-water terminology.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9487","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Moore, M., and Buckwalter, T.F., 1996, Ground-water resources data for Warren County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-87, v, 94 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9487.","productDescription":"v, 94 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53156,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, M.E.","contributorId":16445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckwalter, T. F.","contributorId":58671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckwalter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28528,"text":"wri964019 - 1996 - Analysis of aquifer tests to determine hydrologic and water-quality conditions in stratified-drift and riverbed sediments near a former municipal well, Milford, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri964019","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4019","title":"Analysis of aquifer tests to determine hydrologic and water-quality conditions in stratified-drift and riverbed sediments near a former municipal well, Milford, New Hampshire","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964019","usgsCitation":"Mack, T.J., and Harte, P., 1996, Analysis of aquifer tests to determine hydrologic and water-quality conditions in stratified-drift and riverbed sediments near a former municipal well, Milford, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4019, iv, 77 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964019.","productDescription":"iv, 77 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57325,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680a28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":39814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23089,"text":"ofr94358 - 1996 - Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method for the determination of dissolved trace elements in natural water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:53:31","indexId":"ofr94358","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-358","title":"Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method for the determination of dissolved trace elements in natural water","docAbstract":"An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of dissolved Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Tl, U, V, and Zn in natural waters. Detection limits are generally in the 50-100 picogram per milliliter (pg/mL) range, with the exception of As which is in the 1 microgram per liter (ug/L) range. Interferences associated with spectral overlap from concomitant isotopes or molecular ions and sample matrix composition have been identified. Procedures for interference correction and reduction related to isotope selection, instrumental operating conditions, and mathematical data processing techniques are described. Internal standards are used to minimize instrumental drift. The average analytical precision attainable for 5 times the detection limit is about 16 percent. The accuracy of the method was tested using\r\na series of U.S. Geological Survey Standard Reference Water Standards (SWRS), National Research Council Canada Riverine Water Standard, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Trace Elements in Water Standards. Average accuracies range from 90 to 110 percent of the published mean values.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94358","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Garbarino, J., and Taylor, H.E., 1996, Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method for the determination of dissolved trace elements in natural water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-358, v, 49 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94358.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0358/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":8229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/SW_inorganic/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8228,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/SW_inorganic/download/MSMethod.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52459,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0358/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eef2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27582,"text":"wri964182 - 1996 - Hydrogeology of the area near the J4 test cell, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri964182","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4182","title":"Hydrogeology of the area near the J4 test cell, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The U.S. Air Force operates a major aerospace systems testing facility at Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) in Coffee County, Tennessee. Dewatering operations at one of the test facilities, the J4 test cell, has affected the local ground-water hydrology. The J4 test cell is approximately 100 feet in diameter, extends approximately 250 feet below land surface, and penetrates several aquifers. Ground water is pumped continuously from around the test cell to keep the cell structurally intact. Because of the test cell's depth, dewatering has depressed water levels in the aquifers surrounding the site. The depressions that have developed exhibit anisotropy that is controlled by zones of high permeability in the aquifers. Additionally, contaminants - predominately volatile organic compounds - are present in the ground-water discharge from the test cell and in ground water at several other Installation Restoration Program (IRP) sites within the AEDC facility. The dewatering activities at J4 are drawing these contaminants from the nearby sites. The effects of dewatering at the J4 test cell were investigated by studying the lithologic and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers, investigating the anisotropy and zones of secondary permeability using geophysical techniques, mapping the potentiometric surfaces of the underlying aquifers, and developing a conceptual model of the ground-water-flow system local to the test cell. Contour maps of the potentiometric surfaces in the shallow, Manchester, and Fort Payne aquifers (collectively, part of the Highland Rim aquifer system) show anisotropic water-level depressions centered on the J4 test cell. This anisotropy is the result of features of high permeability such as chert-gravel zones in the regolith and fractures, joints, and bedding planes in the bedrock. The presence of these features of high permeability in the Manchester aquifer results in complex flow patterns in the Highland Rim aquifers near the J4 test cell. The occurrence, distribution, and orientation of these features has a great effect on ground-water flow to the J4 test cell. The depression caused by dewatering extends out horizontally through the aquifers along the most permeable pathways. Since the aquifers above the Chattanooga Shale are not separated by distinct confining units, areas in adjacent aquifers above and below these zones of high permeability in the Manchester aquifer are also dewatered. Conditions in all Highland Rim aquifers approximate steady-state equilibrium because ground-water withdrawal at the test cell has been continuous since the late 1960's. The average ground-water discharge from the dewatering system at the J4 test cell was 105 gallons per minute, for 1992-95. The ground-water capture areas in each aquifer extend into all or parts of landfill #2 and leaching pit #2 (IRP site 1), the main testing area (IRP site 7), and the old fire training area (IRP site 10). IRP sites 8 and 12 are outside the ground-water capture areas. Of the 35 sampled wells in the J4 area, 10 produced water samples containing chlorinated organic compounds such as 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), and trichloroethylene (TCE) in concentrations which exceeded the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL's) for public water-supply systems. The highest concentrations were detected in samples from well AEDC-274 with 45 micrograms per liter (mg/L) 1,2-DCA, 320 mg/L 1,1-DCE, and 1,200 mg/L TCE. These compounds are synthetic and do not occur naturally in the environment. A sample of the ground-water discharge from the J4 test cell also contained concentrations of these compounds that exceed MCL's. Chlorinated organic compounds, including 1,2-DCA; 1,1-DCE; and TCE also have been detected at IRP sites 1, 7, 8, nd 10. The six dewatering wells surrounding the J4 test cell penetrate the Chattanooga Shale and are open to the Highland Rim aquifer system, there","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/wri964182","usgsCitation":"Haugh, C., 1996, Hydrogeology of the area near the J4 test cell, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4182, v, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964182.","productDescription":"v, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56438,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649739","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugh, C.J.","contributorId":24380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugh","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24469,"text":"ofr96412 - 1996 - Hydrology of central Florida lakes, a primer","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":24469,"text":"ofr96412 - 1996 - Hydrology of central Florida lakes, a primer","indexId":"ofr96412","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of central Florida lakes, a primer"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3483,"text":"cir1137 - 1998 - Hydrology of Central Florida Lakes - A Primer","indexId":"cir1137","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of Central Florida Lakes - A Primer"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":3483,"text":"cir1137 - 1998 - Hydrology of Central Florida Lakes - A Primer","indexId":"cir1137","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of Central Florida Lakes - A Primer"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-28T19:43:54.208241","indexId":"ofr96412","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-412","title":"Hydrology of central Florida lakes, a primer","docAbstract":"<p>Lakes are among the most valued natural resources of central Florida. The landscape of central Florida is riddled with lakes—when viewed from the air it almost seems there is more water than land. Florida has more naturally formed lakes than other southeastern States, where many lakes are manmade, created by building darns across streams. The abundance of lakes on the Florida peninsula is a result of the geology and geologic history of the State. An estimated 7,800 lakes in Florida are greater than 1 acre in surface area. Of these, 35 percent are located in just four counties (fig. 1): Lake, Orange, Osceola, and Polk (Hughes, 1974b). Lakes add to the aesthetic and commercial value of the area and are used by many residents and visitors for fishing, boating, swimming, and other types of outdoor recreation. Lakes also are used for other purposes, such as irrigation, flood control, water supply, and navigation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96412","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District, South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Schiffer, D., and Medina, R., 1996, Hydrology of central Florida lakes, a primer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-412, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96412.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0412/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":399844,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0412/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"central Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.81494140625,\n              27.21555620902969\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.44189453125,\n              27.21555620902969\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.44189453125,\n              29.516110386062277\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.81494140625,\n              29.516110386062277\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.81494140625,\n              27.21555620902969\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601f41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiffer, D. M.","contributorId":102103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffer","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medina, Rafael","contributorId":106529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medina","given":"Rafael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24567,"text":"ofr96463 - 1996 - Overview of surface-water resources at the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center Kodiak, Alaska, 1987-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T21:20:29.73604","indexId":"ofr96463","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-463","title":"Overview of surface-water resources at the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center Kodiak, Alaska, 1987-89","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data at a U.S. Coast Guard Support Center on Kodiak Island, Alaska, were collected from 1987 though 1989 to determine hydrologic conditions and if contamination of soils, ground water, or surface water has occurred. This report summarizes the surface-water-discharge data collected during the study and estimates peak, average, and low-flow values for Buskin River near its mouth. Water-discharge measurements were made at least once at 48 sites on streams in or near the Center. Discharges were measured in the Buskin River near its mouth five times during 1987-89 and ranged from 27 to 367 cubic feet per second. Tributaries of Buskin River below Buskin Lake that had discharges greater than 1 cubic foot per second include Bear Creek, Alder Creek, Magazine Creek, Devils Creek and an outlet from Lake Louise. Streams having flows generally greater than 0.1 cubic foot per second but less than 1 cubic foot per second include an unnamed tributary to Buskin River, an unnamed tributary to Lake Catherine and a drainage channel at Kodiak airport. Most other streams flowing into Buskin River, and all streams on Nyman Peninsula, usually had little or no flow except during periods of rainfall or snowmelt. During a low-flow period in February 1989, discharge measurements in Buskin River and its tributaries indicate that three reaches of Buskin River below Buskin Lake lost water to the ground-water system, whereas two reaches gained water; the net gain in streamflow attributed to ground-water inflow at a location near the mouth was estimated to be 2.2 cubic feet per second. The 100-year peak flow for Buskin River near its mouth was estimated to be 4,460 cubic feet per second. Average discharge was estimated to be 125 cubic feet per second and the 7-day 10-year low flow was estimated to be 5.8 cubic feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96463","usgsCitation":"Solin, G., 1996, Overview of surface-water resources at the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center Kodiak, Alaska, 1987-89: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-463, Report: iv, 18 p.; 2 Plates: 32.22 × 32.04 inches and 33.01 × 32.90 inchies, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96463.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; 2 Plates: 32.22 × 32.04 inches and 33.01 × 32.90 inchies","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":53616,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0463/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53615,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0463/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53614,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0463/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0463/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":407369,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19170.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Kodiak","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.55065917968747,\n              57.72028585677205\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.43942260742188,\n              57.72028585677205\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.43942260742188,\n              57.7920887227692\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.55065917968747,\n              57.7920887227692\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.55065917968747,\n              57.72028585677205\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689b70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solin, G. L.","contributorId":106132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solin","given":"G. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22489,"text":"ofr96668 - 1996 - Schlumberger soundings at the Norman Landfill, Norman, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T09:59:23","indexId":"ofr96668","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-668","title":"Schlumberger soundings at the Norman Landfill, Norman, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96668","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bisdorf, R., 1996, Schlumberger soundings at the Norman Landfill, Norman, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-668, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96668.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0668/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52004,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0668/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States ","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Cleveland County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-97.6733,35.3763],[-97.4076,35.3771],[-97.1442,35.3742],[-97.1405,35.202],[-97.1433,35.2021],[-97.1432,34.9305],[-97.1504,34.9302],[-97.1544,34.9312],[-97.1622,34.9295],[-97.1701,34.9305],[-97.1869,34.9303],[-97.1936,34.9309],[-97.2041,34.936],[-97.213,34.9421],[-97.2208,34.9454],[-97.2263,34.9464],[-97.2314,34.9446],[-97.236,34.9397],[-97.2388,34.9397],[-97.2482,34.9458],[-97.2527,34.9472],[-97.2622,34.9492],[-97.2666,34.9506],[-97.2711,34.9534],[-97.2743,34.9575],[-97.2771,34.9603],[-97.2798,34.9617],[-97.286,34.9627],[-97.2927,34.9628],[-97.2984,34.9615],[-97.3029,34.9607],[-97.3096,34.9594],[-97.3164,34.959],[-97.3214,34.9586],[-97.3265,34.9583],[-97.331,34.9588],[-97.3376,34.9625],[-97.3437,34.9667],[-97.3475,34.9717],[-97.3497,34.9759],[-97.3506,34.9863],[-97.3484,35.0103],[-97.3505,35.0154],[-97.3538,35.0204],[-97.3542,35.0281],[-97.3543,35.0459],[-97.3489,35.0644],[-97.351,35.0699],[-97.3548,35.0758],[-97.3609,35.0818],[-97.3653,35.0842],[-97.376,35.0852],[-97.3799,35.0834],[-97.3833,35.0826],[-97.3878,35.0826],[-97.3934,35.0845],[-97.3984,35.0869],[-97.4034,35.0906],[-97.4072,35.0952],[-97.4077,35.0984],[-97.4071,35.1015],[-97.4059,35.106],[-97.4047,35.1101],[-97.4046,35.1138],[-97.4051,35.1174],[-97.4056,35.1219],[-97.4066,35.1274],[-97.407,35.1329],[-97.4086,35.1379],[-97.4119,35.1411],[-97.4169,35.1434],[-97.4237,35.144],[-97.427,35.1445],[-97.4315,35.1464],[-97.4359,35.1496],[-97.4398,35.1524],[-97.4437,35.1556],[-97.4453,35.1583],[-97.4469,35.1611],[-97.448,35.1638],[-97.4502,35.1661],[-97.4546,35.1698],[-97.4619,35.1744],[-97.4791,35.1865],[-97.4879,35.1925],[-97.4974,35.2003],[-97.5035,35.2031],[-97.5198,35.2033],[-97.5248,35.2052],[-97.5326,35.2117],[-97.5443,35.2177],[-97.5515,35.2255],[-97.5598,35.2315],[-97.5631,35.2352],[-97.5636,35.2384],[-97.5636,35.2402],[-97.5613,35.2429],[-97.5583,35.2483],[-97.5594,35.2542],[-97.5599,35.2574],[-97.5552,35.2669],[-97.5539,35.2732],[-97.5577,35.2805],[-97.5638,35.2892],[-97.5671,35.2934],[-97.5749,35.2953],[-97.591,35.3073],[-97.5933,35.3082],[-97.5973,35.3037],[-97.6035,35.3047],[-97.6086,35.3057],[-97.6142,35.303],[-97.6193,35.3031],[-97.6332,35.3137],[-97.6393,35.3192],[-97.6443,35.326],[-97.6481,35.3306],[-97.6531,35.3339],[-97.6565,35.3357],[-97.6683,35.3368],[-97.6729,35.335],[-97.6733,35.3763]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cleveland\",\"state\":\"OK\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd469","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bisdorf, R.J.","contributorId":42960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisdorf","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30499,"text":"wri964178 - 1996 - Analysis of the peak-flow gaging network in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T12:53:04","indexId":"wri964178","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4178","title":"Analysis of the peak-flow gaging network in North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>A network analysis technique using generalized least-squares regression was used to evaluate the current (1993) peak-flow gaging network that provides regional peak-flow information for North Dakota. The analysis was conducted to evaluate the current (1993) network and to determine if reactivating discontinued gaging stations and adding new gaging stations on small drainage areas would improve regional peak-flow information.</p><p>Peak flows having recurrence intervals of 15, 50, and 100 years and planning horizons of zero and 10 years for three hydrologic regions in North Dakota were used in the network analysis. Results of the network analysis indicate that the average sampling mean-square error could be reduced by about 10 percent for the 15-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals by reactivating a minimum of two to five discontinued gaging stations in each hydrologic region. The reactivated discontinued gaging stations added to the current (1993) network should be located on streams having small drainage areas and steep main-channel slopes. For the 15-year recurrence interval and a 10-year planning horizon, adding a new gaging station at two new locations hi each region instead of reactivating two discontinued gaging stations in each region would reduce the average sampling mean-square error by an average of about 13 percent in each region. The new gaging stations added to the current (1993) network should be located on streams having small drainage areas and mild or steep main-channel slopes in order to obtain improved regional peak-flow information. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964178","usgsCitation":"Williams-Sether, T., 1996, Analysis of the peak-flow gaging network in North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4178, iii, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964178.","productDescription":"iii, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59275,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4178/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4178/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams-Sether, Tara","contributorId":57846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams-Sether","given":"Tara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22929,"text":"ofr96399 - 1996 - Selected hydrologic data, through water year 1994, Black Hills Hydrology Study, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr96399","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-399","title":"Selected hydrologic data, through water year 1994, Black Hills Hydrology Study, South Dakota","docAbstract":"This report presents water-level, water-quality, and spring data that have been collected or compiled, through water year 1994, for the Black Hills Hydrology Study. This study is a long-term cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey, the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the West Dakota Water Development District (which represents various local and county cooperators). This report is the second in a series of biennial project data reports produced for the study. Daily water-level data are presented for 39 observation wells and 2 cave sites in the Black Hills area of western South Dakota. The wells are part of a network of observation wells maintained by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and are completed in various bedrock formations that are utilized as aquifers in the Black Hills area. Both cave sites are located within outcrops of the Madison Limestone. Data presented include site descriptions, hydrographs, and tables of daily water levels. Annual measurements of water levels collected during water years 1993-94 from a network of 20 additional, miscellaneous wells are presented. These wells are part of a Statewide network of wells completed in bedrock aquifers that was operated from 1959 through 1989 in cooperation with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Site descriptions and hydrographs for the entire period of record for each site also are presented. Drawdown and recovery data are presented for five wells that were pumped (or flowed) for collection of water-quality samples. These wells are part of the network of observation wells for which daily water-level records are compiled. Water-quality data are presented for 20 surface-water sites and 22 ground-water sites. Data presented include field parameters, bacteria counts, and concentrations of common ions, solids, nutrients, trace elements, radiometrics and isotopes, cyanide, phenols, and suspended sediment. Spring data are presented for 94 springs and 21 stream reaches with significant springflow components. Data presented include site information, discharge, and field water-quality parameters including temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96399","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, D., Bradford, W., and Neitzert, K., 1996, Selected hydrologic data, through water year 1994, Black Hills Hydrology Study, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-399, v, 162 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96399.","productDescription":"v, 162 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0399/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52332,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0399/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e30a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, D.G.","contributorId":27081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, W.L.","contributorId":70789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neitzert, K.M.","contributorId":62613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neitzert","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27102,"text":"wri944043 - 1996 - Methodology used to produce an encoded 1:100,000-scale digital hydrographic data layer for the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:33:38","indexId":"wri944043","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4043","title":"Methodology used to produce an encoded 1:100,000-scale digital hydrographic data layer for the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has produced a River Reach File data layer for the Pacific Northwest for use in water-resource management applications. The Pacific Northwest (PNW) River Reach Files, a geo-referenced river reach data layer at 1:100,000-scale, are encoded with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency&quot;s (EPA) reach numbers. The encoding was a primary task of the River Reach project, because EPA&quot;s reach identifiers are also an integral hydrologic component in a regional Northwest Environmental Data Base-an ongoing effort by Federal and State agencies to compile information on reach-specific resources on rivers in Oregon, Idaho, Washington, and western Montana. A unique conflation algorithm was developed by the USGS to transfer the EPA reach codes and other meaningful attributes from the 1:250,000-scale EPA TRACE graphic files to the PNW Reach Files. The PNW Reach Files also were designed so that reach-specific information upstream or downstream from a point in the stream network could be extracted from feature attribute tables or from a Geographic Information System. This report documents the methodology used to create this 1:100,000-scale hydrologic data layer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944043","usgsCitation":"Fisher, B., 1996, Methodology used to produce an encoded 1:100,000-scale digital hydrographic data layer for the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4043, iii, 84 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944043.","productDescription":"iii, 84 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55966,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a01d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, B.J.","contributorId":25593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}