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,{"id":26403,"text":"wri924064 - 1993 - Tidal and residual currents measured by an acoustic doppler current profiler at the west end of Carquinez Strait, San Francisco Bay, California, March to November 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:27","indexId":"wri924064","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4064","title":"Tidal and residual currents measured by an acoustic doppler current profiler at the west end of Carquinez Strait, San Francisco Bay, California, March to November 1988","docAbstract":"Water-velocity profiles were collected at the west end of Carquinez Strait, San Francisco Bay, California, from March to November 1988, using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). These data are a series of 10-minute-averaged water velocities collected at 1-meter vertical intervals (bins) in the 16.8-meter water column, beginning 2.1 meters above the estuary bed. To examine the vertical structure of the horizontal water velocities, the data are separated into individual time-series by bin and then used for time-series plots, harmonic analysis, and for input to digital filters. Three-dimensional graphic renditions of the filtered data are also used in the analysis. Harmonic analysis of the time-series data from each bin indicates that the dominant (12.42 hour or M2) partial tidal currents reverse direction near the bottom, on average, 20 minutes sooner than M2 partial tidal currents near the surface. Residual (nontidal) currents derived from the filtered data indicate that currents near the bottom are pre- dominantly up-estuary during the neap tides and down-estuary during the more energetic spring tides.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924064","usgsCitation":"Burau, J., Simpson, M., and Cheng, R.T., 1993, Tidal and residual currents measured by an acoustic doppler current profiler at the west end of Carquinez Strait, San Francisco Bay, California, March to November 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4064, iv, 79 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924064.","productDescription":"iv, 79 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55193,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, M.R.","contributorId":105340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26497,"text":"wri924186 - 1993 - Reconnaissance of quality of water from farmstead wells in Tennessee, 1989-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri924186","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4186","title":"Reconnaissance of quality of water from farmstead wells in Tennessee, 1989-90","docAbstract":"Data for fecal bacteria, nitrate, organic compounds, iron, manganese, and pH were collected during 1989-90 as part of a statewide reconnaissance of ground-water quality in 150 domestic farm wells in Tennessee. The biological and chemical data for each well were grouped according to eight of the nine principal aquifers in the State and analyzed for local and regional variation within and among these aquifers. Water samples from 45 percent of the wells statewide tested positive for fecal cot[form or streptococci bacteria. Regionally, samples from 20 percent of the wells in the primarily unconsoli- dated sedimentary aquifers in western Tennessee tested positive for either or both bacteria, compared with samples from 54 percent of the wells in the consolidated bedrock aquifers in the central and eastern parts of the State. Although nitrate nitrogen equaled or exceeded the 10.0 milligrams per liter primary drinking-water standard in only 3 percent of the wells sampled statewide, samples from 20 percent of the wells had nitrate nitrogen concentrations that exceeded 3.00 milligrams per liter possibly indicating human influence on ground-water quality. Estimated total concentrations of organic compounds were less than 5 micrograms per liter in samples from 92 percent of the wells statewide. Concentrations of iron and manganese equaled or exceeded their secondary standards of 300 and 50 micrograms per liter in samples from 35 and 25 percent of the wells, respectively, with the largest concentrations identified in samples from the alluvial and Pennsylvanian sandstone aquifers. Samples from 25 percent of the wells, had a pH below the lower secondary standard of 6.5 units, with most of these samples from the unconsolidated sedimentary aquifers in western Tennessee.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924186","usgsCitation":"Carmichael, J.K., and Bennett, M.W., 1993, Reconnaissance of quality of water from farmstead wells in Tennessee, 1989-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4186, iv, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 44 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924186.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 44 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55320,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4186/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4924","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carmichael, J. K.","contributorId":90276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, M. W.","contributorId":53358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4917,"text":"twri06A3 - 1993 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21165,"text":"ofr90194 - 1992 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 1, Model description and user's manual","indexId":"ofr90194","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 1, Model description and user's manual"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4917,"text":"twri06A3 - 1993 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual","indexId":"twri06A3","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"twri06A3","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"06-A3","title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual","docAbstract":"A MODular, Finite-Element digital-computer program (MODFE) was developed to simulate steady or unsteady-state, two-dimensional or axisymmetric ground-water flow. Geometric- and hydrologic-aquifer characteristics in two spatial dimensions are represented by triangular finite elements and linear basis functions; one-dimensional finite elements and linear basis functions represent time. Finite-element matrix equations are solved by the direct symmetric-Doolittle method or the iterative modified, incomplete-Cholesky, conjugate-gradient method. Physical processes that can be represented by the model include (1) confined flow, unconfined flow (using the Dupuit approximation), or a combination of both; (2) leakage through either rigid or elastic confining beds; (3) specified recharge or discharge at points, along lines, and over areas; (4) flow across specified-flow, specified-head, or bead-dependent boundaries; (5) decrease of aquifer thickness to zero under extreme water-table decline and increase of aquifer thickness from zero as the water table rises; and (6) head-dependent fluxes from springs, drainage wells, leakage across riverbeds or confining beds combined with aquifer dewatering, and evapotranspiration.\r\nThe report describes procedures for applying MODFE to ground-water-flow problems, simulation capabilities, and data preparation. Guidelines for designing the finite-element mesh and for node numbering and determining band widths are given. Tables are given that reference simulation capabilities to specific versions of MODFE. Examples of data input and model output for different versions of MODFE are provided.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/twri06A3","usgsCitation":"Torak, L., 1993, A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 06-A3, USGS-TWRI book 6, chap. A3. 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri06A3.","productDescription":"USGS-TWRI book 6, chap. A3. 136 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":686,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri6a3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adeb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torak, L.J.","contributorId":87533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torak","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38457,"text":"pp1410H - 1993 - Geohydrology of the Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:02","indexId":"pp1410H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1410","chapter":"H","title":"Geohydrology of the Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Alabama","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1410H","usgsCitation":"Planert, M., Williams, J.S., and DeJarnette, S., 1993, Geohydrology of the Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1410, p. H1-H75; 6 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1410H.","productDescription":"p. H1-H75; 6 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104641,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4866.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4866"},{"id":122103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64956,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410h/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64957,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64951,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410h/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64952,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410h/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64953,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410h/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64954,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410h/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64955,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410h/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Planert, Michael","contributorId":56659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planert","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J. S.","contributorId":65819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":219856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeJarnette, S.S.","contributorId":6896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeJarnette","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3740,"text":"cir1110 - 1993 - Natural aggregate, building America's future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir1110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1110","title":"Natural aggregate, building America's future","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir1110","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., and Glanzman, V., 1993, Natural aggregate, building America's future: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1110, 39 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1110.","productDescription":"39 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1110/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30801,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1110/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6982bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":147513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glanzman, V.M.","contributorId":102065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glanzman","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":63424,"text":"gq1688 - 1993 - Geologic map of the Nabesna B-6 quadrangle, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:47","indexId":"gq1688","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1688","title":"Geologic map of the Nabesna B-6 quadrangle, south-central Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1688","usgsCitation":"Richter, D.H., Smith, J., Schmoll, H., and Smith, R.L., 1993, Geologic map of the Nabesna B-6 quadrangle, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1688, 1 map :col. ;44 x 41 cm., on sheet 75 x 109 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1688.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;44 x 41 cm., on sheet 75 x 109 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":102748,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1198.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1198"},{"id":249517,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1688/report.pdf","size":"71","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1688/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"63360","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -144,62.25 ], [ -144,62.5 ], [ -143.5,62.5 ], [ -143.5,62.25 ], [ -144,62.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69625a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Donald H.","contributorId":61021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":44534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":268819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmoll, H. R.","contributorId":71543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoll","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":268822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":66271,"text":"i2378 - 1993 - Geologic map of the Westphalia Quadrangle and parts of the Geneva, Aliceville, and Neosho Falls quadrangles, Anderson County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:14","indexId":"i2378","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2378","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map of the Westphalia Quadrangle and parts of the Geneva, Aliceville, and Neosho Falls quadrangles, Anderson County, Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2378","usgsCitation":"Johnson, W., 1993, Geologic map of the Westphalia Quadrangle and parts of the Geneva, Aliceville, and Neosho Falls quadrangles, Anderson County, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2378, 1 map :col. ;98 x 53 cm., on sheet 112 x 76 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2378.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;98 x 53 cm., on sheet 112 x 76 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107403,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10259.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10259"},{"id":189797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.5,38.03333333333333 ], [ -95.5,38.25 ], [ -95.36749999999999,38.25 ], [ -95.36749999999999,38.03333333333333 ], [ -95.5,38.03333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689be8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, W.D. Jr.","contributorId":33689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":65117,"text":"i2168 - 1993 - Geologic map of the Evanston 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Uinta and Sweetwater counties, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:08","indexId":"i2168","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2168","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map of the Evanston 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Uinta and Sweetwater counties, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2168","usgsCitation":"Dover, J.H., and McGonigle, J., 1993, Geologic map of the Evanston 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Uinta and Sweetwater counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2168, 1 map :col. ;56 x 84 cm., on sheet 80 x 143 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2168.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;56 x 84 cm., on sheet 80 x 143 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107317,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10163.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10163"},{"id":189746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,41 ], [ -111,41.5 ], [ -110,41.5 ], [ -110,41 ], [ -111,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dover, J. H.","contributorId":75545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGonigle, J.W.","contributorId":21230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGonigle","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":67120,"text":"i2356 - 1993 - Geologic map of Precambrian rocks of parts of Iron Mountain and Escanaba 30' x 60' quadrangles, northeastern Wisconsin and adjacent Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:03","indexId":"i2356","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2356","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map of Precambrian rocks of parts of Iron Mountain and Escanaba 30' x 60' quadrangles, northeastern Wisconsin and adjacent Michigan","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2356","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., and Schulz, K.J., 1993, Geologic map of Precambrian rocks of parts of Iron Mountain and Escanaba 30' x 60' quadrangles, northeastern Wisconsin and adjacent Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2356, 1 map :col. ;56 x 59 cm., on sheet 79 x 135 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2356.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;56 x 59 cm., on sheet 79 x 135 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107388,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10242.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10242"},{"id":189404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.5,45.5 ], [ -88.5,46 ], [ -87.75,46 ], [ -87.75,45.5 ], [ -88.5,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2c44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27870,"text":"wri914164 - 1993 - Hydrologic conditions in the Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook drainage basins, west-central New Jersey, 1986-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:38:17.913572","indexId":"wri914164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4164","title":"Hydrologic conditions in the Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook drainage basins, west-central New Jersey, 1986-88","docAbstract":"Data on the quantity and quality of groundwater and surface water in the drainage basins of Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook upstream from U.S. Route 206 in west-central New Jersey were collected from October 1, 1986, through September 30, 1988. Water levels measured in 74 wells ranged from 49 to 453 ft above sea level. The water-table surface generally mimicked topography; however, the water-level altitude in one well indicates the possibility of local interbasin groundwater flow. Calcium and bicarbonate were the most abundant cation and anion in most of the 25 groundwater samples.  With one exception, concentrations of nutrients, trace elements, organic carbon, and volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples were less than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking-water regulations. Stream low-flow measurements made twice at each of 63 sites indicate that both discharge and runoff increased downstream for most reaches of Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook. For main-stem sites, the highest base-flow runoff occurred at site 01462733 on Jacobs Creek; the greatest discharge was measured at site 01401100 on Stony Brook. The flow-duration curve for Stony Brook for 1987-88 indicates a wetter- than-normal period for the area.  Results of surface-water-quality analyses indicate that calcium and sodium plus potassium were the dominant or codominant cations, and bicarbonate and chloride were the dominant or codominant anions in most samples. Concentrations of nutrients typically exceeded those needed to support surplus algal growth. Concentrations of trace elements generally were less than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking-water regulations. Bottom-sediment samples contained several persistent organic compounds. Significant downstream variations were found in concentrations of copper and lead in Jacobs Creek and Stony Brook. Results of macroinvertebrate community sampling indicate an input of nutrients to several stream sections on Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914164","usgsCitation":"Jacobsen, E., Hardy, M.A., and Kurtz, B.A., 1993, Hydrologic conditions in the Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook drainage basins, west-central New Jersey, 1986-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4164, Report: vi, 104 p.; 1 Plate: 31.44 x 34.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914164.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 104 p.; 1 Plate: 31.44 x 34.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411817,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47556.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56693,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4164/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4164/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Belen Brook drainage basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.6417,\n              40.4583\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8667,\n              40.4583\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8667,\n              40.2758\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6417,\n              40.2758\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6417,\n              40.4583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611258","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobsen, Eric jacobsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"Eric","email":"jacobsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardy, M. A.","contributorId":54223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurtz, B. A.","contributorId":47825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28585,"text":"wri924173 - 1993 - Regionalization of harmonic-mean streamflows in Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri924173","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4173","title":"Regionalization of harmonic-mean streamflows in Kentucky","docAbstract":"Harmonic-mean streamflow (Qh), defined as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocal daily streamflow values, was determined for selected stream sites in Kentucky. Daily mean discharges for the available period of record through the 1989 water year at 230 continuous record streamflow-gaging stations located in and adjacent to Kentucky were used in the analysis. Periods of record affected by regulation were identified and analyzed separately from periods of record unaffected by regulation. Record-extension procedures were applied to short-term stations to reducetime-sampling error and, thus, improve estimates of the long-term Qh. \r\n\r\nTechniques to estimate the Qh at ungaged stream sites in Kentucky were developed. A regression model relating Qh to total drainage area and streamflow-variability index was presented with example applications. The regression model has a standard error of estimate of 76 percent and a standard error of prediction of 78 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924173","usgsCitation":"Martin, G.R., and Ruhl, K.J., 1993, Regionalization of harmonic-mean streamflows in Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4173, v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924173.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2361,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri924173/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57413,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4173/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634e1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Gary R. 0000-0002-3274-5846 grmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-5846","contributorId":3413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Gary","email":"grmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruhl, Kevin J.","contributorId":35769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":63374,"text":"gq1721 - 1993 - Geologic map of the Dodge Spring quadrangle, Washington County, Utah, and Lincoln County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:46","indexId":"gq1721","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1721","title":"Geologic map of the Dodge Spring quadrangle, Washington County, Utah, and Lincoln County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1721","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R.E., and Hintze, L.F., 1993, Geologic map of the Dodge Spring quadrangle, Washington County, Utah, and Lincoln County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1721, 1 map :col. ;58 x 47 cm., on sheet 87 x 112 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1721.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;58 x 47 cm., on sheet 87 x 112 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107903,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11014.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11014"},{"id":180156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.11749999999999,37.25 ], [ -114.11749999999999,37.3675 ], [ -114,37.3675 ], [ -114,37.25 ], [ -114.11749999999999,37.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. Ernest","contributorId":104484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ernest","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hintze, Lehi F.","contributorId":104057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintze","given":"Lehi","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26594,"text":"wri924145 - 1993 - Method for predicting water demand for crop uses in New Jersey in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, and for estimating water use for livestock and selected sectors of the food-processing industry in New Jersey in 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"wri924145","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4145","title":"Method for predicting water demand for crop uses in New Jersey in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, and for estimating water use for livestock and selected sectors of the food-processing industry in New Jersey in 1987","docAbstract":"A method was developed to predict water demand for crop uses in New Jersey.  A separate method was developed to estimate water use for livestock and selected sectors of the food-processing industry in 1987.  Predictions of water demand for field- grown crops in New Jersey were made for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 under three climatological scenarios:  (1) wet year, (2) average year, and (3) drought year.  These estimates ranged from 4.10 times 10 to the 9th power to 16.82 times 10 to the 9th power gal (gallons).  Irrigation amounts calculated for the three climatological scenarios by using a daily water-balance model were multiplied by predicted numbers of irrigated acreage.  Irrigated acreage was predicted from historical crop-irrigation data and from predictions of harvested acreage produced by using a statistical model relating population to harvested acreage.  Predictions of water demand for cranberries and container-grown nursery crops also were made for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Predictions of water demand under the three climatological scenarios were made for container- grown nursery crops, but not for cranberries, because water demand for cranberries varies little in response to climatological factors.  Water demand for cranberries was predicted to remain constant at 4.43 times 10 to the 9th power gal through the year 2020.  Predictions of water demand for container-grown nursery crops ranged from 1.89 times 10 to the 9th power to 3.63 times 10 to the 9th power gal.  Water-use for livestock in 1987 was estimated to be 0.78 times 10 to the 9th power gal, and water use for selected sectors of the food-processing industry was estimated to be 3.75 times 10 to the 9th power gal.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924145","usgsCitation":"Clawges, R., and Titus, E., 1993, Method for predicting water demand for crop uses in New Jersey in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, and for estimating water use for livestock and selected sectors of the food-processing industry in New Jersey in 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4145, ix, 211 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924145.","productDescription":"ix, 211 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4145/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55461,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4145/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55462,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629f09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clawges, R.M.","contributorId":24779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, E.O.","contributorId":85984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"E.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":65032,"text":"i2343A - 1993 - Geologic and structure map, with contours on top of the Pierre Shale, for the north half of the Powder River basin, southeastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:57","indexId":"i2343A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2343","subseriesTitle":"NONE","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic and structure map, with contours on top of the Pierre Shale, for the north half of the Powder River basin, southeastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2343A","usgsCitation":"Denson, N., Gibson, M., and Sims, G., 1993, Geologic and structure map, with contours on top of the Pierre Shale, for the north half of the Powder River basin, southeastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2343, 1 map :col. ;83 x 120 cm., on sheet 103 x 148 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2343A.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;83 x 120 cm., on sheet 103 x 148 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107386,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10240.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10240"},{"id":187327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"200000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,44 ], [ -107.5,45.5 ], [ -104.5,45.5 ], [ -104.5,44 ], [ -107.5,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8030","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denson, N.M.","contributorId":79458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denson","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, M.L.","contributorId":67981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sims, G.L.","contributorId":86430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":38379,"text":"pp1531 - 1993 - Systematic paleontology of Quaternary ostracode assemblages from the Gulf of Alaska; Part 2, Families Trachyleberididae, Hemicytheridae, Loxoconchidae, Paracytherideidae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"pp1531","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1531","title":"Systematic paleontology of Quaternary ostracode assemblages from the Gulf of Alaska; Part 2, Families Trachyleberididae, Hemicytheridae, Loxoconchidae, Paracytherideidae","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1531","usgsCitation":"Brouwers, E., 1993, Systematic paleontology of Quaternary ostracode assemblages from the Gulf of Alaska; Part 2, Families Trachyleberididae, Hemicytheridae, Loxoconchidae, Paracytherideidae: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1531, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1531.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1531/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64728,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1531/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687a33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brouwers, E. M.","contributorId":98319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouwers","given":"E. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26292,"text":"wri924132 - 1993 - Glacier runoff and sediment transport and deposition, Eklutna Lake basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T20:35:00.34308","indexId":"wri924132","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4132","title":"Glacier runoff and sediment transport and deposition, Eklutna Lake basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924132","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 1993, Glacier runoff and sediment transport and deposition, Eklutna Lake basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4132, Report: v, 47 p.; 1 Plate: 28.00 x 28.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924132.","productDescription":"Report: v, 47 p.; 1 Plate: 28.00 x 28.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55099,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55098,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4132/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4132/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411737,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47685.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ekutna Lake basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.15460819862795,\n              61.41239219351124\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.15460819862795,\n              61.33419948659963\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.98324059703114,\n              61.33419948659963\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.98324059703114,\n              61.41239219351124\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.15460819862795,\n              61.41239219351124\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679bc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25543,"text":"wri924184 - 1993 - Geophysical logging studies in the Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory — Wells 44, 45, and 46","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T21:54:37.220993","indexId":"wri924184","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4184","title":"Geophysical logging studies in the Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory — Wells 44, 45, and 46","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924184","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., Barrash, W., Paillet, F.L., and Taylor, T., 1993, Geophysical logging studies in the Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory — Wells 44, 45, and 46: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4184, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924184.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394785,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47726.htm"},{"id":54263,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4184/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4184/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.9583,\n              43.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9167,\n              43.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9167,\n              43.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9583,\n              43.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9583,\n              43.55\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bdab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrash, Warren","contributorId":72829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrash","given":"Warren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, T. A.","contributorId":70014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"T. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25584,"text":"wri934047 - 1993 - Hydrogeology, simulated ground-water flow, and ground-water quality, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri934047","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4047","title":"Hydrogeology, simulated ground-water flow, and ground-water quality, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","docAbstract":"Ground water is the primary source of water in the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base area. The aquifer consists of glacial sands and gravels that fill a buried bedrock-valley system. Consolidated rocks in the area consist of poorly permeable Ordovician shale of the Richmondian stage, in the upland areas, the Brassfield Limestone of Silurian age. The valleys are filled with glacial sediments of Wisconsinan age consisting of clay-rich tills and coarse-grained outwash deposits. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity of the shales based on results of displacement/recovery tests range from 0.0016 to 12 feet per day; estimates for the glacial sediments range from less than 1 foot per day to more than 1,000 feet per day.\r\n\r\nGround water flow from the uplands towards the valleys and the major rivers in the region, the Great Miami and the Mad Rivers. Hydraulic-head data indicate that ground water flows between the bedrock and unconsolidated deposits. Data from a gain/loss study of the Mad River System and hydrographs from nearby wells reveal that the reach of the river next to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is a ground-water discharge area.\r\n\r\nA steady-state, three-dimensional ground-water-flow model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in the region. The model contains three layers and encompasses about 100 square miles centered on Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Ground water enters the modeled area primarily by river leakage and underflow at the model boundary. Ground water exits the modeled area primarily by flow through the valleys at the model boundaries and through production wells. A model sensitivity analysis involving systematic changes in values of hydrologic parameters in the model indicates that the model is most sensitive to decreases in riverbed conductance and vertical conductance between the upper two layers. The analysis also indicates that the contribution of water to the buried-valley aquifer from the bedrock that forms the valley walls is about 2 to 4 percent of the total ground-water flow in the study area.\r\n\r\nGround waters in the vicinity of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base can be classified into two compositional groups on the basis of their chemical composition: calcium magnesium bicarbonate-type and sodium chloride-type waters. Calcium magnesium bicarbonate-type waters are found in the glacial deposits and the Brassfield Limestone, whereas the sodium chloride waters are exclusively associated with the shales. Equilibrium speciation calculations indicate that ground water of the glacial drift aquifer is in equilibrium with calcite, dolomite, and chalcedony, but is undersaturated with respect to gypsum and fluorite. Waters from the shales are slightly supersaturated with respect to calcite, dolomite, and siderite but are undersaturated with respect to chalcedony. Simple-mass balance calculations treating boron as a conservative species indicate that little (< 5 percent) or no recharge from the shales to the glacial drift aquifer takes place.\r\n\r\nData on the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen indicate a meteoric origin for all ground water beneath Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, but the data were inconclusive with respect to identification of distinct isotopic differences between water collected from the glacial drift and bedrock aquifers. Tritium concentrations used to distinguish waters having a pre-and post-1953 recharge component indicate that most water entered the glacial drift aquifer after 1953. This finding indicates that recharge from shallow to deep parts (greater than 150 feet) of the aquifer takes place over time intervals of a few years or decades. However, the fact that some deep parts of the glacial aquifer did not contain measurable tritium indicates that ground-water flow from recharge zones to these parts of the aquifer takes decades or longer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934047","usgsCitation":"Dumouchelle, D., Schalk, C.W., Rowe, G., and De Roche, J., 1993, Hydrogeology, simulated ground-water flow, and ground-water quality, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4047, viii, 152 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934047.","productDescription":"viii, 152 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54318,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614a47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumouchelle, D.H.","contributorId":83144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumouchelle","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schalk, C. W.","contributorId":64286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, G.L.","contributorId":23978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De Roche, J.T.","contributorId":66691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Roche","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":61304,"text":"mf2081D - 1993 - Maps showing distribution of gold, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, and zinc in stream-sediment samples, Delta 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T19:09:59.166591","indexId":"mf2081D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2081","chapter":"D","title":"Maps showing distribution of gold, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, and zinc in stream-sediment samples, Delta 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2081D","usgsCitation":"Zimbelman, D.R., 1993, Maps showing distribution of gold, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, and zinc in stream-sediment samples, Delta 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2081, 2 Plates: 41.42 x 57.32 inches and 40.97 x 57.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2081D.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 41.42 x 57.32 inches and 40.97 x 57.14 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":364417,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-D/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":487167,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5685.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-D/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":364416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-D/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Delta quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,39 ], [ -114,40 ], [ -112,40 ], [ -112,39 ], [ -114,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60576c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimbelman, D. R.","contributorId":43768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54942,"text":"wdrPA921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1992. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T20:56:16.514991","indexId":"wdrPA921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1992. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA921","usgsCitation":"White, K.E., White, T., Druther, R., and Moleski, P., 1993, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1992. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-92-1, xi, 340 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA921.","productDescription":"xi, 340 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/pa-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":379122,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/pa-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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E.","contributorId":65873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, T.E.","contributorId":89213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Druther, R.L.","contributorId":94376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druther","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moleski, P.","contributorId":44983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moleski","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25801,"text":"wri924081 - 1993 - Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-28T10:11:05","indexId":"wri924081","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4081","title":"Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924081","usgsCitation":"Broshears, R.E., Bencala, K., Kimball, B.A., and McKnight, D.M., 1993, Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4081, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924081.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54545,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Saint Kevin 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A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":195131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26018,"text":"wri924146 - 1993 - Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri924146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4146","title":"Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields","docAbstract":"A comprehensive hydrologic investigation of the Jackson area in Madison County, Tennessee, was conducted to provide information for the development of a wellhead-protection program for two municipal well fields. The136-square-mile study area is between the Middle Fork Forked Deer and South Fork Forked Deer Rivers and includes the city of Jackson.\r\n\r\nThe formations that underlie and crop out in the study area, in descending order, are the Memphis Sand, Fort Pillow Sand, and Porters Creek Clay. The saturated thickness of the Memphis Sand ranges from 0 to 270 feet; the Fort Pillow Sand, from 0 to 180 feet. The Porters Creek Clay, which ranges from 130 to 320 feet thick, separates a deeper formation, the McNairy Sand, from the shallower units. Estimates by other investigators of hydraulic conductivity for the Memphis Sand range from 80 to 202 feet per day. Estimates of transmissivity of the Memphis Sand range from 2,700 to 33,000 feet squared per day. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity for the Fort Pillow Sand range from 68 to 167 feet per day, and estimates of transmissivity of that unit range from 6,700 to 10,050 feet squared per day.\r\n\r\nA finite-difference, ground-water flow model was calibrated to steady-state hydrologic conditions of April 1989, and was used to simulate hypothetical pumping plans for the North and South Well Fields. The aquifers were represented as three layers in the model to simulate the ground-water flow system. Layer 1 is the saturated part of the Memphis Sand; layer 2 is the upper half of the Fort Pillow Sand; and layer 3 is the lower half of the Fort Pillow Sand.\r\n\r\nThe steady-state water budget of the simulated system showed that more than half of the inflow to the ground-water system is underflow from the model boundaries. Most of this inflow is discharged as seepage to the rivers and to pumping wells. Slightly less than half of the inflow is from areal recharge and recharge from streams. About 75 percent of the discharge from the system is into the streams, lakes, and out of the model area through a small quantity of ground-water underflow. The remaining 25 percent is discharge to pumping wells.\r\n\r\nThe calibrated model was modified to simulate the effects on the ground-water system of three hypothetical pumping plans that increased pumping from the North Well Field to up to 20 million gallons per day, and from the South Well Field, to up to 15 million gallons per day. Maximum drawdown resulting from the 20 million-gallons-per-day rate of simulated pumping was 44.7 feet in a node containing a pumping well, and maximum drawdown over an extended area was about 38 feet. Up to 34 percent of ground-water seepage to streams in the calibrated model was intercepted by pumping in the simulations. A maximum of 9 percent more water was induced through model boundaries.\r\n\r\nA particle-tracking program, MODPATH, was used to delineate areas contributing water to the North and South Well Fields for the calibrated model and the three pumping simulations, and to estimate distances for different times-of-travel to the wells. The size of the area contributing water to the North Well Field, defined by the 5-year time-of-travel capture zone, is about 0.8 by 1.8 miles for the calibrated model and pumping plan 1. The size of the area for pumping plan 2 is 1.1 by 2.0 miles and, for pumping plan 3, 1.6 by 2.2 miles. The range of distance for l-year time-of-travel to individual wells is 200 to 800 feet for the calibrated model and plan 1, and 350 to 950 feet for plans 2 and 3.\r\n\r\nThe size of the area contributing water to the South Well Field, defined by the 5-year time-of-travel capture zone, is about 0.8 by 1.4 miles for the calibrated model. The size of the area for pumping plans 1 and 3 is 1.6 by 2.2 miles and, for pumping plan 2, 1.1 by 1.7 miles. The range of distance for l-year time-of-travel to individual wells is 120 to 530 feet for the calibrated model, 670 to 1,300 feet for pumping plans 1 and 3, and 260 to 850 feet","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924146","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., 1993, Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4146, v, 54 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924146.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :ill. 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