Riparian ecosystems in the western USA have been invaded by non-native woody species deliberately introduced for stream bank stabilization, agricultural windbreaks, and urban shade. Recent work suggests that the non-native tree Ulmus pumila (Siberian elm) is capable of significant spread in western riparian ecosystems, that range infilling is still incomplete, and that the invasion is dispersal-limited. Our objective was to understand the interacting roles of propagule pressure from upland U. pumila, human influences, and river geomorphology in promoting riparian U. pumila invasion along the South Platte River, Colorado, USA. We used linear regression and information-theoretic model selection to evaluate the relative importance of these factors to riparian U. pumila stem density. U. pumila stem density increased with increasing channel and floodplain restriction and increasing human influence from both urban and rural development. Model selection indicated that local upland U. pumila seed sources were relatively unimportant to riparian U. pumila stem density, suggesting that upland propagule pressure is currently contributing less than other human influences to U. pumila spread along the South Platte River. In particular, higher road density was the most important predictor for the proportional abundance of smaller U. pumila individuals (DBH<5-cm and 5-15-cm), suggesting that human influence in densely populated areas has been the primary driver of recent U. pumila population expansion. U. pumila stem density was only weakly associated with abundance of other common riparian tree species. Land managers and other entities concerned with non-native tree invasion into important riparian habitat may be able to reduce U. pumila spread most effectively by focusing U. pumila control efforts where human influences are greatest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-021-01516-4","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, L., Perry, L., Shafroth, P., Katz, G.L., and Norton, A.S., 2022, Invasion of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) along the South Platte River: The roles of seed source, human influence, and river geomorphology: Wetlands, v. 42, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01516-4.","productDescription":"10, 23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-129736","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9S5M1B4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Riparian woody stem densities and landscape variables along the South Platte River, Colorado, United States, 2011-2016"},{"id":395527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"South Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -102.0355224609375,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -102.0355224609375,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 38.736946065676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Lindsay 0000-0001-9973-9312 reynoldsl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-9312","contributorId":150076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Lindsay","email":"reynoldsl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Laura perryl@usgs.gov","contributorId":4345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Laura","email":"perryl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":833427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":225182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Katz, Gabrielle L.","contributorId":194352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katz","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Norton, Andrew S.","contributorId":171631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norton","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70268895,"text":"70268895 - 2022 - Daily foraging activity of an imperiled ground squirrel: Effects of hibernation, thermal environment, body condition, and conspecific density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T13:48:54.434432","indexId":"70268895","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-07T08:45:53","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":982,"text":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Daily foraging activity of an imperiled ground squirrel: Effects of hibernation, thermal environment, body condition, and conspecific density","docAbstract":"Food acquisition is among the most important tasks faced by free-ranging animals. Predation and thermal risks, however, can make foraging a costly endeavor and foraging can preclude other important activities. Moreover, seasonal life cycle events such as hibernation impose energetic thresholds and time constraints on foraging. These factors interact with an animal’s endogenous state to influence foraging behavior. We tested a suite of predictions based on foraging theory to explore the effects of thermal environment, body condition, and conspecific density on aboveground activity (which is primarily foraging activity) of the northern Idaho ground squirrel (Urocitellus brunneus), an imperiled rodent that hibernates for 9 months each year. We took advantage of the squirrels’ semi-fossorial lifestyle to document daily aboveground activity by attaching geolocators to squirrels. We modeled squirrel activity with generalized linear mixed-effects models to document the relative importance of thermal environment, body condition, and conspecific density for daily aboveground activity. Aboveground activity by northern Idaho ground squirrels increased throughout their active season and leaner squirrels increased their activity more than heavier squirrels as residual foraging opportunities diminished. Thermal conditions also influenced squirrel activity: squirrels spent less time above ground during extreme temperatures and on days with significant precipitation. Aboveground activity of northern Idaho ground squirrels largely adhered to predictions of risk-sensitive and state-dependent foraging theory. Management actions that enhance forage will likely improve the probability of recovery for this federally threatened species by minimizing trade-offs squirrels need to make to acquire sufficient food to survive hibernation and reproduce in subsequent years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00265-022-03142-4","usgsCitation":"Allison, A., and Conway, C.J., 2022, Daily foraging activity of an imperiled ground squirrel: Effects of hibernation, thermal environment, body condition, and conspecific density: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 76, 28, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-022-03142-4.","productDescription":"28","ipdsId":"IP-126309","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allison, Austin A Z.","contributorId":337876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"Austin A Z.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70255188,"text":"70255188 - 2022 - Estimating wolf abundance from cameras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-14T16:17:05.49915","indexId":"70255188","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-06T11:11:19","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating wolf abundance from cameras","docAbstract":"Monitoring the abundance of rare carnivores is a daunting task for wildlife biologists. Many carnivore populations persist at relatively low densities, public interest is high, and the need for population estimates is great. Recent advances in trail camera technology provide an unprecedented opportunity for biologists to monitor rare species economically. Few studies, however, have conducted rigorous analyses of our ability to estimate abundance of low-density carnivores with cameras. We used motion-triggered trail cameras and a space-to-event model to estimate gray wolf (Canis lupus) abundance across three study areas in Idaho, USA, 2016–2018. We compared abundance estimates between cameras and noninvasive genetic sampling that had been extensively tested in our study areas. Estimates of mean wolf abundance from camera and genetic surveys were within 22% of one another and 95% CIs overlapped in 2 of the 3 years. A single camera with many detections appeared to bias camera estimates high in 2018. A subsequent bootstrapping procedure produced a population estimate from cameras equal to that derived from genetic sampling, however. Camera surveys were less than half the cost of genetic surveys once initial camera purchases were made. Our results suggest that cameras can be a viable method for estimating wolf abundance across broad landscapes (>10,000 km2).
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3933","usgsCitation":"Ausband, D.E., Lukacs, P.M., Hurley, M., Roberts, S., Strickfaden, K.M., and Moeller, A.K., 2022, Estimating wolf abundance from cameras: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 3, e3933, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3933.","productDescription":"e3933, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127324","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3933","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.27446366280928,\n 44.31760887473328\n ],\n [\n -116.04474769799485,\n 43.63573860529246\n ],\n [\n -114.91434636204788,\n 44.35330616742618\n ],\n [\n -113.82239386322908,\n 44.47620619443575\n ],\n [\n -113.55750390521284,\n 45.06145713298196\n ],\n [\n -113.94277353962592,\n 45.707133973439966\n ],\n [\n -114.39076245396207,\n 45.48040816198744\n ],\n [\n -114.60043079769942,\n 45.629047190084634\n ],\n [\n -114.33198947843407,\n 46.693362013709105\n ],\n [\n -114.57075471714238,\n 46.69432428995722\n ],\n [\n -115.72924921268883,\n 47.494572748462474\n ],\n [\n -115.72433918041612,\n 47.63759616318168\n ],\n [\n -116.0416806012203,\n 47.99276499625725\n ],\n [\n -116.03354364171281,\n 48.99569218537363\n ],\n [\n -117.02625270166422,\n 48.98501346607878\n ],\n [\n -117.04252662067968,\n 46.428652837122826\n ],\n [\n -116.87164826052927,\n 45.87625130087565\n ],\n [\n -116.46480028513943,\n 45.61504858360104\n ],\n [\n -117.27446366280928,\n 44.31760887473328\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ausband, David Edward 0000-0001-9204-9837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9204-9837","contributorId":275329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ausband","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M.","contributorId":207269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurley, Mark A.","contributorId":287804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurley","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[{"id":56023,"text":"idfg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roberts, Shane","contributorId":279606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":56023,"text":"idfg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strickfaden, Kaitlyn M.","contributorId":339386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strickfaden","given":"Kaitlyn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moeller, Anna K.","contributorId":338940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moeller","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":48645,"text":"umt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228202,"text":"70228202 - 2022 - Assessment of cereal grain waste densities to aid waterfowl conservation planning in the Klamath Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T16:36:55.148622","indexId":"70228202","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-06T09:49:36","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of cereal grain waste densities to aid waterfowl conservation planning in the Klamath Basin","docAbstract":"Postharvest waste seed from cereal grains is a major dietary component of waterfowl in the Klamath Basin in northeastern California and southeastern Oregon, a region that plays host to over a million waterfowl annually. Understanding food abundance is critical to local waterfowl management; therefore, we conducted a study in 2008 to investigate waste grain densities in barley, oat, and wheat fields. We used hierarchal mixed effect models to assess several factors that may affect waste grain densities postharvest. We also compared the effects of residue management practices to measure the effect of these treatments. To understand the scope of postharvest practices, we conducted a weekly road survey to document treatments applied to fields in our study area. We found that region best explained the variance of postharvest waste grain in barley fields, where the Tule Lake region had 89% greater densities than Lower Klamath. Neither harvester age nor baling affected waste grain in oats fields. In wheat fields, the model containing region and lodging ranked highest, where the Tule Lake region had 66% greater waste densities than Lower Klamath, and lodging increased waste grain by 70%. Burning did not reduce waste grain in barley or oat fields. Chisel-disking reduced waste grain by 94% in wheat fields compared with postharvest. Our field treatment survey found that 70% of barley fields were untreated while 18% were disked and 13% were burned and flooded. We estimated that 82% of oat fields were burned postharvest, while 18% were burned and flooded. In wheat, 61% of fields were left untreated, while 16% were disked, 8% were chisel-plowed, and 7% were flooded postharvest. Flooding and burning occurred primarily on National Wildlife Refuges, while disking, chisel-plowing, and postharvest irrigation occurred solely on private properties. Our results indicate that reducing tillage treatments would boost accessibility of cereal grain food resources to waterfowl in the Klamath Basin, and incentives to flood grain fields on private properties should be considered for the same purpose when and where possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-20-091","usgsCitation":"Skalos, D., Fleskes, J., Kohl, J.D., Herzog, M.P., and Casazza, M.L., 2022, Assessment of cereal grain waste densities to aid waterfowl conservation planning in the Klamath Basin: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 13, no. 1, p. 3-16, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-20-091.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-125071","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-091","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.222412109375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 39.825413103424786\n ],\n [\n -119.981689453125,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 43.874138181474734\n ],\n [\n -124.222412109375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skalos, Daniel A.","contributorId":250668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skalos","given":"Daniel A.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":210345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kohl, Jeffery D.","contributorId":274848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kohl","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":56673,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1010 Riverside Parkway, West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228766,"text":"70228766 - 2022 - The Pacific as the world’s greatest theater of bird migration: Extreme flights spark questions about physiological capabilities, behavior, and the evolution of migratory pathways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T16:51:12.958727","indexId":"70228766","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-05T07:15:04","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10109,"text":"Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Pacific as the world’s greatest theater of bird migration: Extreme flights spark questions about physiological capabilities, behavior, and the evolution of migratory pathways","docAbstract":"The Pacific Basin, by virtue of its vastness and its complex aeroscape, provides unique opportunities to address questions about the behavioral and physiological capabilities and mechanisms through which birds can complete spectacular flights. No longer is the Pacific seen just as a formidable barrier between terrestrial habitats in the north and the south, but rather as a gateway for specialized species, such as shorebirds, to make a living on hemispherically distributed seasonal resources. This recent change in perspective is dramatic, and the research that underpins it has presented new opportunities to learn about phenomena that often challenge a sense of normal. Ancient Polynesians were aware of the seasonal passage of shorebirds and other landbirds over the Pacific Ocean, incorporating these observations into their navigational “tool kit” as they explored and colonized the Pacific. Some ten centuries later, systematic visual observations and tracking technology have revealed much about movement of these shorebirds, especially the enormity of their individual nonstop flights. This invites a broad suite of questions, often requiring comparative studies with bird migration across other ocean basins, or across continents. For example, how do birds manage many days of nonstop exercise apparently without sleep? What mechanisms explain birds acting as if they possess a Global Positioning System? How do such extreme migrations evolve? Through advances in both theory and tracking technology, biologists are poised to greatly expand the horizons of movement ecology as we know it. In this integrative review, we present a series of intriguing questions about trans-Pacific migrant shorebirds and summarize recent advances in knowledge about migratory behavior operating at temporal scales ranging from immediate decisions during a single flight, to adaptive learning throughout a lifetime, to evolutionary development of migratory pathways. Recent advances in this realm should stimulate future research across the globe and across a broad array of disciplines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukab086","usgsCitation":"Piersma, T., Gill, R., Ruthrauff, D.R., Guglielmo, C.G., Conklin, J.R., and Handel, C.M., 2022, The Pacific as the world’s greatest theater of bird migration: Extreme flights spark questions about physiological capabilities, behavior, and the evolution of migratory pathways: Ornithology, v. 139, no. 2, ukac012, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukab086.","productDescription":"ukac012, 29 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125971","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukab086","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Basin","volume":"139","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piersma, Theunis 0000-0001-9668-466X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9668-466X","contributorId":203123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guglielmo, Christopher G.","contributorId":201899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guglielmo","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36284,"text":"Western Ontario University, London, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conklin, Jesse R.","contributorId":169340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conklin","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228148,"text":"sim3485 - 2022 - Bathymetric map, surface area, and stage-capacity for the U.S. part of Lake Koocanusa, Lincoln County, Montana, 2016–18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-31T21:21:02.52497","indexId":"sim3485","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-04T11:14:19","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3485","displayTitle":"Bathymetric Map, Surface Area, and Stage-Capacity for the U.S. Part of Koocanusa Reservoir, Lincoln County, Montana, 2016–18","title":"Bathymetric map, surface area, and stage-capacity for the U.S. part of Lake Koocanusa, Lincoln County, Montana, 2016–18","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers collected high-resolution multibeam sonar data during 2016–18 to compute stage-area and stage-capacity tables for the U.S. part of Koocanusa Reservoir in Lincoln County, northwestern Montana. Koocanusa Reservoir is a transboundary reservoir extending about 48 miles from Libby Dam upstream to the U.S. international boundary with Canada and another 42 miles within Canada to near Wardner, British Columbia. The upstream extent of the reservoir within Canada, where much of the sedimentation was previously documented, was not included in this study. Previously developed stage-area and stage-capacity tables were developed for the entire reservoir and could not be directly compared to the stage-area and stage-capacity tables from this study. Two discrete stage-area and stage-capacity values from the original survey (unknown survey date prior to 1980) were available for parts of the reservoir within the United States at the normal full-pool and normal minimum-pool elevations (2,459 and 2,287 U.S. survey feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929, respectively). At the normal full-pool elevation, the stage-area relation resulted in a 0.06-percent increase in surface-water acreage. Conversely, a 0.03-percent decrease in storage capacity at the normal full-pool elevation occurred. At the normal-minimum-pool elevation, the stage-area relation showed a 1.21-percent decrease in surface water from 14,487 to 14,314 acres. The usable storage capacity, defined as the volume of water between the normal full-pool and normal minimum-pool elevations, decreased by 0.39 percent (15,353 acre-feet). Results from this study indicate that a relatively minimal amount of sedimentation has occurred since initial filling in Koocanusa Reservoir for parts of the reservoir within the United States. Updated stage-area and stage-capacity tables for the entire reservoir will require additional bathymetric and topographic surveys for the parts of Koocanusa Reservoir within Canada.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3485","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Fosness, R.L., and Dudunake, T.J., 2022, Bathymetric map, surface area, and stage-capacity for the U.S. part of Lake Koocanusa, Lincoln County, Montana, 2016–18: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3485, scale 1:100,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3485.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 30.00 × 35.00 inches; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-121814","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395469,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DOPNSN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers bathymetric survey of Koocanusa Reservoir, Lincoln County, Montana, 2016–2018 (ver. 2.0, August 2021)"},{"id":501890,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112443.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395468,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3485/sim3485.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3485"},{"id":395467,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3485/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Lincoln County","otherGeospatial":"Koocanusa Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.367431640625,\n 48.38544219115483\n ],\n [\n -115.08453369140625,\n 48.38544219115483\n ],\n [\n -115.08453369140625,\n 49.00004203215395\n ],\n [\n -115.367431640625,\n 49.00004203215395\n ],\n [\n -115.367431640625,\n 48.38544219115483\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director , Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road Boise, Idaho 83702-4520
Heat flux from the core to the mantle provides driving energy for mantle convection thus powering plate tectonics, and contributes a significant fraction of the geothermal heat budget. Indirect estimates of core-mantle boundary heat flow are typically based on petrological evidence of mantle temperature, interpretations of temperatures indicated by seismic travel times, experimental measurements of mineral melting points, physical mantle convection models, or physical core convection models. However, previous estimates have not consistently integrated these lines of evidence. In this work, an interdisciplinary analysis is applied to co-constrain core-mantle boundary heat flow and test the thermal boundary layer (TBL) theory. The concurrence of TBL models, energy balance to support geomagnetism, seismology, and review of petrologic evidence for historic mantle temperatures supports QCMB ∼15 TW, with all except geomagnetism supporting as high as ∼20 TW. These values provide a tighter constraint on core heat flux relative to previous work. Our work describes the seismic properties consistent with a TBL, and supports a long-lived basal mantle molten layer through much of Earth's history.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021GC009764","usgsCitation":"Frost, D.A., Avery, M.S., Buffett, B., Chidester, B.A., Deng, J., Dorfman, S.M., Li, Z., Liu, L., Lv, M., and Martin, J.F., 2022, Multidisciplinary constraints on the thermal-chemical boundary between Earth's core and mantle: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 23, no. 3, e2021GC009764, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC009764.","productDescription":"e2021GC009764, 34 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128209","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gc009764","text":"External Repository"},{"id":421252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frost, Daniel A. 0000-0001-7882-5166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7882-5166","contributorId":330231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frost","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, Margaret Susan 0000-0002-8504-7072","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-7072","contributorId":329991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avery","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"Susan","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buffett, Bruce 0000-0001-5488-7602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5488-7602","contributorId":330183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buffett","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chidester, Bethany A. 0000-0002-4103-7606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4103-7606","contributorId":330232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chidester","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Deng, Jie 0000-0001-5441-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-2797","contributorId":330233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deng","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorfman, Susannah M. 0000-0002-3968-9592","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-9592","contributorId":330234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorfman","given":"Susannah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, Zhi","contributorId":330240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Zhi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":884389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Lijun 0000-0002-3232-0151","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-0151","contributorId":330235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Lijun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16984,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lv, Mingda","contributorId":330236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lv","given":"Mingda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Martin, Joshua F.","contributorId":330237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":18155,"text":"The Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70228012,"text":"70228012 - 2022 - Post-release survival of translocated fishers: Implications for translocation success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-18T15:03:50.471999","indexId":"70228012","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-04T10:07:24","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-release survival of translocated fishers: Implications for translocation success","docAbstract":"As a vital tool for the conservation of species at risk, translocations are also opportunities to identify factors that influence translocation success. We evaluated factors associated with post-release survival of 90 radio-tracked fishers (Pekania pennanti) translocated from central British Columbia, Canada, to the Olympic Peninsula of Washington, USA, from 2008 to 2011. We hypothesized that the survival of translocated fishers would be affected by the same factors that influence the survival of resident, native fishers (i.e., sex, age, season, body condition), and additional factors that were associated with the translocation process (e.g., duration of captivity, release date, yr of release). Fisher survival was most strongly influenced by translocation year (i.e., release-yr cohort), season, sex, and age class of fisher; whereas duration of captivity, standardized body mass, release date, and number of intact canines did not influence survival. Survival was lowest for fishers released in cohort 2 in 2009 and during the breeding season (Mar–Jun), and was greatest for juveniles and males. When combined across release-year cohorts, year 1 survival rates were greatest for juvenile males followed by juvenile females, adult females, and adult males. Sex and age-related differences in survival of translocated fishers were counter to those commonly reported for established fisher populations, where adult females often have the highest survival rates and juveniles the lowest. Predation (40%) and vehicle strikes (20%) were the most common causes of known mortality among the 24 recovered fishers for which cause of death was determined. We speculate that females face higher risks of mortality in translocated populations because their small size makes them more vulnerable to predation and because adult females in resident populations are less likely than males and juveniles to disperse. Our findings support designing translocations that favor releasing a preponderance of female fishers in recognition of their lower survival rates and to ensure adequate breeders are established in the population, and juvenile and young adult fishers to enhance survival of both sexes. Releases conducted over multiple years will minimize the impact of stochastic annual events that may adversely affect survival in any given year. Persistence, widespread distribution, and documented reproduction of fishers within our study area for ≥6 years following the last releases indicate that survival parameters we measured contributed toward successful population establishment over the short term.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22192","usgsCitation":"Lewis, J.C., Jenkins, K., Happe, P.J., Manson, D.J., and Griffin, P., 2022, Post-release survival of translocated fishers: Implications for translocation success: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 86, no. 3, e22192, 18 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22192.","productDescription":"e22192, 18 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-125973","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395436,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W1P2E0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Post-release point locations and survival history of fishers translocated from British Columbia to Olympic National Park, Washington, 2008-2010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic National Park, Olympic Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.74975585937501,\n 47.156104775044035\n ],\n [\n -122.6019287109375,\n 47.156104775044035\n ],\n [\n -122.6019287109375,\n 48.43284538647477\n ],\n [\n -124.74975585937501,\n 48.43284538647477\n ],\n [\n -124.74975585937501,\n 47.156104775044035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":141090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13674,"text":"WDFW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt 0000-0003-1415-6607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":221472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Happe, Patricia J.","contributorId":50983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Happe","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16133,"text":"National Park Service, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manson, David J.","contributorId":149635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7237,"text":"NPS, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Griffin, Paul C.","contributorId":261794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffin","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70229023,"text":"70229023 - 2022 - Landsat data ecosystem case study: Actor perceptions of the use and value of landsat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-25T12:54:44.759226","indexId":"70229023","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-04T06:50:37","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5738,"text":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat data ecosystem case study: Actor perceptions of the use and value of landsat","docAbstract":"It is well-known that Earth observation (EO) data plays a critical role in scientific understanding about the global environment. There is also growing support for the use of EO data to provide context-specific insights, with significant implications for their use in decision support systems. Technological development over recent years, including cloud computing infrastructure, machine learning techniques, and rapid expansion of the velocity, volume, and variety of space-borne data sources, offer huge potential to provide solutions to the myriad environmental problems facing society and the planet. The USGS/NASA Landsat Program, the longest continuously gathered source of land surface data, has played a central role in our understanding of environmental change, particularly for its contribution of longitudinal products that offer greater context for present research and decision support activities. The challenge facing the Landsat and EO data community, however, now lies in moving beyond context-specific knowledge generation to translating such knowledge into tangible value for society. Drawing from an open data ecosystem framework and qualitative social science methods, we map the Landsat data ecosystem (LDE) and the relationships linking multiple actors responsible for processing, indexing, analyzing, synthesizing, and translating raw Landsat data into information that is useful, useable, and used by end users in particular social-environmental contexts. Both the role of Big Data and associated technologies are discussed as they relate to the ultimate use of Landsat-derived information products to guide decision-making, and key data ecosystem characteristics that shape the likelihood of these products’ use are highlighted.
Lateralization, or a left-right bias in behavior (e.g., handedness), was originally thought to exclusively exist in humans, but is now known to be widespread. Lateralization can exist at the individual or group level. In dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), tests of paw preference have produced inconsistent results. Because wolves (C. l.) differ genetically, morphologically, and behaviorally from dogs, I was interested in assessing them for lateralization. I examined lateralization (right versus left) of the foot captured (a step test analog) of wild wolves (n = 93) trapped for radiocollaring purposes in the Superior National Forest, Minnesota from 2011 – 2017 and 2019. No support was found for lateralization, and sex and age class were not significant predictors of which foot was captured. Because many mammals demonstrate lateralization, and because population-level lateralization is thought to convey increased social cohesion, it is surprising that wild wolves did not demonstrate population level lateralization. This step test analog may not have been an appropriate measure (as lateralization is task dependent) and / or wolf lateralization may exist at the individual level, but not the population level. Future work on wolf lateralization at both the individual and population levels examining pawedness via multiple tasks while accounting for potential confounding factors (such as different rearing conditions and methods) could provide clarification. Examining potential trade-offs between the costs and benefits of lateralization that these highly social animals may incur would be very interesting in terms of evolution and in comparison with dogs. Furthermore, because lateralization has been connected to emotional functioning and animal welfare, baseline lateralization data from wild wolves may inform captive wolf management and conservation, including the captive breeding programs for endangered Mexican wolves (C. l. baileyi) and red wolves (C. rufus) and other programs (e.g., educational facilities).
This report addresses system characterization of Planet’s SuperDove and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
Since 2013, Planet has launched more than 360 Dove 3U CubeSats, where U stands for 10-centimeter (cm) x 10-cm x 10-cm stowed dimensions, each weighing about 5.8 kilograms. Since 2015, all Dove satellites have had four-band imagers with about a 3-meter (m) pixel ground sample distance. Since 2016, all Doves have been launched into Sun-synchronous orbits varying from 474 to 524 kilometers, with inclinations between 97 and 98 degrees. The Dove series satellites do not have orbit maintenance capabilities; thus, their orbits decay slowly over time, contributing to shorter lifetimes of about 3 years. More information on Planet satellites and sensors is available in the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and from the manufacturer at https://www.planet.com/.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that SuperDove has a band-to-band geometric performance in the range of −1.701 m (−0.567 pixel) to 1.173 m (0.391 pixel) in easting and −4.950 m (−1.650 pixels) to 6.051 m (2.017 pixels) in northing, an image-to-image geometric performance of −1.17 m (−0.39 pixel) to 23.45 m (7.82 pixels) in easting and −10.61 m (−3.54 pixels) to −4.43 m (−1.48 pixels) in northing offset in comparison to Sentinel-2, a radiometric performance in the range of −0.043 to 0.020 in offset and 0.812 to 1.246 in slope, and a spatial performance in the range of 3.59 to 3.70 pixels for full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.005 to 0.008.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030F","usgsCitation":"Kim, M., Park, S., Anderson, C., and Stensaas, G.L., 2022, System characterization report on Planet’s SuperDove, chap. F of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030F.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126679","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395388,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/f/Images"},{"id":395385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/f/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":395387,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/f/ofr20211030f.XML","size":"67.7 kB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030–F XML"},{"id":395386,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/f/ofr20211030f.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030–F"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Since they were first introduced to the United States more than 50 years ago, invasive carp have rapidly colonized rivers of the Mississippi River Basin, with detrimental effects on native aquatic species. Their continued range expansion, and potential for subsequent invasion of the Great Lakes, has led to increased concern for the susceptibility of as-yet uncompromised lotic and lentic systems in the central United States. Because invasive carp eggs and larvae must drift in the river current for the first several days following spawning, numerical drift modeling has emerged as a useful technique for determining whether certain river systems and reaches have the potential to support suspension-to-hatching survival of invasive carp eggs, a critical first step in recruitment. Here we use one such numerical modeling approach, the Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator (FluEgg), to estimate bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) egg hatching success and larval retention in a 47.8-kilometer (km) reach of the multi-thread St. Croix River, Minnesota and Wisconsin, United States. We explore three approaches for obtaining the hydraulic data required by FluEgg, parameterizing the model with either (a) field hydraulic data collected within the main channel during a high-flow event, or hydraulic data output from a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model with both (b) steady, and (c) unsteady flows. We find that the three approaches, along with the range of water temperatures and discharge used in simulations, produce vastly different predictions of streamwise transport and in-river egg hatching probability (0% for field data, 0 to 96% for steady-state hydraulic modeling, and 1.8 to 65% for unsteady modeling). However, all FluEgg simulations, regardless of the source of hydraulic data, predicted that no larvae reach the gas bladder inflation stage within the study reach where nursery habitat is abundant. Overall, these results indicate that the lower St. Croix River is suitable for invasive carp spawning and egg suspension until hatching for a range of discharge and water temperatures. These results highlight the role of complex channel hydraulics and morphology, particularly multi-thread reaches, and their inclusion in ecohydraulic-suitability modeling to determine susceptibility of river systems for invasive carp reproduction. Our work also emphasizes the scientific value of multi-dimensional hydrodynamic models that can capture the spatial heterogeneity of flow fields in geomorphically complex rivers. This work may help to guide management efforts based on the targeted monitoring and control and improve invasive carp egg and larvae sampling efficiency.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLOS)","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0263052","usgsCitation":"Kasprak, A., Jackson, P.R., Lindroth, E.M., Lund, J.W., and Ziegeweid, J.R., 2022, The role of hydraulic and geomorphic complexity in predicting invasive carp spawning potential: St. Croix River, Minnesota and Wisconsin, United States: PLoS ONE, v. 17, no. 2, e0263052, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263052.","productDescription":"e0263052, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128244","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263052","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93K0UUI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bathymetric, water velocity, and water temperature data on the St. Croix River between St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin, and Stillwater, Minnesota, June 19-22, 2018"},{"id":395554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"St Croix River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.84408569335938,\n 44.98714175309689\n ],\n [\n -92.59552001953125,\n 44.98714175309689\n ],\n [\n -92.59552001953125,\n 45.42062422307843\n ],\n [\n -92.84408569335938,\n 45.42062422307843\n ],\n [\n -92.84408569335938,\n 44.98714175309689\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasprak, Alan 0000-0001-8184-6128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-6128","contributorId":245742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kasprak","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":49307,"text":"Current: Utah State University. Former: Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan 0000-0002-3154-6108 pjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-6108","contributorId":194529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P.","email":"pjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindroth, Evan M. 0000-0002-9746-4359 elindroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-4359","contributorId":264885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindroth","given":"Evan","email":"elindroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lund, J. William 0000-0002-8830-4468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-4468","contributorId":211157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ziegeweid, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-7797-3044 jrziege@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-3044","contributorId":4166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegeweid","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrziege@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70230108,"text":"70230108 - 2022 - The occurrence of large floods in the United States in the modern hydroclimate regime: Seasonality, trends, and large-scale climate associations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-30T16:33:28.393017","indexId":"70230108","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-03T11:32:58","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The occurrence of large floods in the United States in the modern hydroclimate regime: Seasonality, trends, and large-scale climate associations","docAbstract":"Many studies investigate river floods by analyzing annual maximum series that record the largest flow of each year, including many within-bank events inconsequential for human communities. Fewer focus on larger floods, especially at the continental scale. Using 473 streamgages across the conterminous United States with near-natural flow from 1966 to 2015, we characterized the seasonality, occurrence, and climatic associations of the 10 largest and 2 largest floods at each site. These are often overbank events that have ecosystem functions and pose risks to humans. We grouped sites into 14 clusters corresponding to climatic and physiographic regions and characterized their flood seasonality at a monthly resolution using a probabilistic method. We then evaluated annual occurrence regionally and nationally, and seasonal occurrence regionally, by complementing a traditional approach to trend analyses with a novel method based on expected occurrence. Relationships between flood occurrence and climate indices were also investigated. Large floods have strong seasonality in some regions, but in areas with numerous flood-generating mechanisms, seasonality is more complex. There is little evidence nationally that large riverine floods are more or less frequent than expected in recent years and only two regions show significant trends in annual counts; few show seasonal trends. We found some regional relationships between flood counts and climate indices, annually and seasonally; nationally the Pacific North American pattern is related to annual counts of the 2 largest floods. Large-flood occurrence was generally stable across the United States in the last five decades; this may or may not continue with projected warming.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2021WR030480","usgsCitation":"Collins, M., Hodgkins, G.A., Archfield, S.A., and Hirsch, R.M., 2022, The occurrence of large floods in the United States in the modern hydroclimate regime: Seasonality, trends, and large-scale climate associations: Water Resources Research, v. 58, e2021WR030480, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR030480.","productDescription":"e2021WR030480, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128386","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QYR28M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Ten Largest Annual Instantaneous Floods and Seasonal Signal for Reference Streamgages in the United States, Water Years 1966-2015"},{"id":397871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228699,"text":"70228699 - 2022 - Use of riparian spiders as sentinels of persistent and bioavailable chemical contaminants in aquatic ecosystems: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-17T16:58:18.718539","indexId":"70228699","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-03T10:57:24","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of riparian spiders as sentinels of persistent and bioavailable chemical contaminants in aquatic ecosystems: A review","docAbstract":"Aquatic ecosystems around the world are contaminated with a wide range of anthropogenic chemicals, including metals and organic pollutants, that originate from point and nonpoint sources. Many of these chemical contaminants have complex environmental cycles, are persistent and bioavailable, can be incorporated into aquatic food webs, and pose a threat to the health of wildlife and humans. Identifying appropriate sentinels that reflect bioavailability is critical to assessing and managing aquatic ecosystems impacted by contaminants. The objective of the present study is to review research on riparian spiders as sentinels of persistent and bioavailable chemical contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Our review of the literature on riparian spiders as sentinels suggests that significant progress has been made during the last two decades of research. We identified 55 published studies conducted around the world in which riparian spiders (primarily of the families Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Lycosidae, and Pisauridae) were used as sentinels of chemical contamination of lotic, lentic, and estuarine systems. For several contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Hg, and Se, it is now clear that riparian spiders are appropriate sentinels. However, many contaminants and factors that could impact chemical concentrations in riparian spiders have not been well characterized. Further study of riparian spiders and their potential role as sentinels is critical because it would allow for development of national-scale programs that utilize riparian spiders as sentinels to monitor chemical contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. A riparian spider sentinel program in the United States would be complementary to existing national sentinel programs, including those for fish and immature dragonflies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC)","doi":"10.1002/etc.5267","usgsCitation":"Chumchal, M., Beaubien, G.B., Drenner, R., Hannappel, M.P., Mills, M.A., Olson, C.I., Otter, R.R., Todd, A.C., and Walters, D., 2022, Use of riparian spiders as sentinels of persistent and bioavailable chemical contaminants in aquatic ecosystems: A review: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 41, no. 3, p. 499-514, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5267.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"514","ipdsId":"IP-131503","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5267","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chumchal, Matthew M.","contributorId":279539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chumchal","given":"Matthew M.","affiliations":[{"id":25471,"text":"Texas Christian University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaubien, Gale B.","contributorId":244596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaubien","given":"Gale","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37193,"text":"Middle Tennessee State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drenner, Ray W.","contributorId":279540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drenner","given":"Ray W.","affiliations":[{"id":25471,"text":"Texas Christian University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hannappel, Madeline P.","contributorId":279542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hannappel","given":"Madeline","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":34637,"text":"University of North Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mills, Marc A.","contributorId":141085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olson, Connor I.","contributorId":244597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Connor","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37193,"text":"Middle Tennessee State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Otter, Ryan R.","contributorId":205916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otter","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37193,"text":"Middle Tennessee State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Todd, Andrew C.","contributorId":279545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Todd","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25471,"text":"Texas Christian University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Walters, David 0000-0002-4237-2158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":203410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70230954,"text":"70230954 - 2022 - Silicate volcanism on Europa’s seafloor and implications for habitability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-29T12:10:55.639334","indexId":"70230954","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-03T07:09:25","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Silicate volcanism on Europa’s seafloor and implications for habitability","docAbstract":"Habitable ocean environments on Europa require an influx of reactants to maintain chemical disequilibrium. One possible source of reactants is seafloor volcanism. Modeling has shown that dissipation of tidal energy in Europa's asthenosphere can generate melt, but melt formation cannot be equated with volcanism. Melt must also be transported through Europa's cold lithosphere to erupt at the seafloor. Here, we use two models of dike propagation to show that dikes can only traverse the lithosphere if either the fracture toughness of the lithosphere or the flux into the dike is large (>500 MPa m1/2 or ∼1 m2 s−1, respectively). We conclude that cyclic volcanic episodes might provide reactants to Europa's ocean if magma accumulates at the base of the lithosphere for several thousand years. However, if dikes form too frequently, or are too numerous, the magma flux into each will be insufficient, and volcanism cannot support a habitable ocean environment.
Segmentation, or the classification of pixels (grid cells) in imagery, is ubiquitously applied in the natural sciences. Manual methods are often prohibitively time-consuming, especially those images consisting of small objects and/or significant spatial heterogeneity of colors or textures. Labeling complicated regions of transition that in Earth surface imagery are represented by collections of mixed-pixels, -textures, and -spectral signatures, can be especially error-prone because it is difficult to reliably unmix, identify and delineate consistently. However, the success of supervised machine learning (ML) approaches is entirely dependent on good label data. We describe a fast, semi-automated, method for interactive segmentation of N-dimensional (x, y, N) images into two-dimensional (x, y) label images. It uses human-in-the-loop ML to achieve consensus between the labeler and a model in an iterative workflow. The technique is reproducible; the sequence of decisions made by human labeler and ML algorithms can be encoded to file, so the entire process can be played back and new outputs generated with alternative decisions and/or algorithms. We illustrate the scientific potential of segmentation of imagery of diverse settings and image types using six case studies from river, estuarine, and open coast environments. These photographic and non-photographic imagery consist of 1- and 3-bands on regular and irregular grids ranging from centimeters to tens of meters. We demonstrate high levels of agreement in label images generated by several labelers on the same imagery, and make suggestions to achieve consensus and measure uncertainty, ideal for widespread application in training supervised ML for image segmentation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021EA002085","usgsCitation":"Buscombe, D., Goldstein, E.B., Sherwood, C.R., Bodine, C.S., Brown, J., Favela, J., Fitzpatrick, S., Kranenburg, C.J., Over, J.R., Ritchie, A.C., Warrick, J.A., and Wernette, P., 2022, Human-in-the-Loop segmentation of earth surface imagery: Earth and Space Science, v. 9, e2021EA002085, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA002085.","productDescription":"e2021EA002085, 31 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132726","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ea002085","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":240661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, Evan B. 0000-0001-9358-1016","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9358-1016","contributorId":184210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodine, Cameron S 0000-0002-1623-3920","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-3920","contributorId":288327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodine","given":"Cameron","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":61729,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing and Cybersystems, Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Jenna A. 0000-0003-3137-7073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-7073","contributorId":208564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jenna A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Favela, Jaycee 0000-0001-9175-8324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-8324","contributorId":288328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Favela","given":"Jaycee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27155,"text":"University of California Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Sharon 0000-0001-6513-9132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-9132","contributorId":288329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Sharon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39151,"text":"California State University Sacramento","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kranenburg, Christine J. 0000-0002-2955-0167 ckranenburg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-0167","contributorId":169234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kranenburg","given":"Christine","email":"ckranenburg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Over, Jin-Si R. 0000-0001-6753-7185 jover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6753-7185","contributorId":260178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"Jin-Si","email":"jover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":167736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wernette, Phillipe Alan 0000-0002-8902-5575","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8902-5575","contributorId":259274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wernette","given":"Phillipe Alan","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70228127,"text":"70228127 - 2022 - Conservation under uncertainty: Innovations in participatory climate change scenario planning from U.S. national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T16:48:06.539021","indexId":"70228127","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-02T10:41:27","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5803,"text":"Conservation Science and Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation under uncertainty: Innovations in participatory climate change scenario planning from U.S. national parks","docAbstract":"The impacts of climate change (CC) on natural and cultural resources are far-reaching and complex. A major challenge facing resource managers is not knowing the exact timing and nature of those impacts. To confront this problem, scientists, adaptation specialists, and resource managers have begun to use scenario planning (SP). This structured process identifies a small set of scenarios—descriptions of potential future conditions that encompass the range of critical uncertainties—and uses them to inform planning. We reflect on a series of five recent participatory CC SP projects at four US National Park Service units and derive guidelines for using CC SP to support natural and cultural resource conservation. Specifically, we describe how these engagements affected management, present a generalized CC SP approach grounded in management priorities, and share key insights and innovations that (1) fostered participant confidence and deep engagement in the participatory CC SP process, (2) shared technical information in a way that encouraged informed, effective participation, (3) contextualized CC SP in the broader picture of relevant longstanding or emerging nonclimate stressors, (4) incorporated quantitative approaches to expand analytical capacity and assess qualitative findings, and (5) translated scenarios and all their complexity into strategic action.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/csp2.12633","usgsCitation":"Miller, B.W., Schuurman, G.W., Symstad, A., Runyon, A.C., and Robb, B.C., 2022, Conservation under uncertainty: Innovations in participatory climate change scenario planning from U.S. national parks: Conservation Science and Practice, v. 4, no. 3, e12633, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12633.","productDescription":"e12633, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132976","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12633","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Brian W. 0000-0003-1716-1161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-1161","contributorId":196603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuurman, Gregor W. 0000-0002-9304-7742","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-7742","contributorId":147698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuurman","given":"Gregor","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16909,"text":"U.S. National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Symstad, Amy 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":201095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runyon, Amber C 0000-0002-7282-1217","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7282-1217","contributorId":274643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Runyon","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":56633,"text":"U.S. National Park Service Climate Change Response Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robb, Brecken C. 0000-0001-9016-249X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9016-249X","contributorId":274644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"Brecken","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70256710,"text":"70256710 - 2022 - Tidally-driven gas exchange in beaches: Implications for sea turtle nest success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-03T15:25:54.568198","indexId":"70256710","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-02T10:20:35","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidally-driven gas exchange in beaches: Implications for sea turtle nest success","docAbstract":"The success of individual sea turtle nests is influenced by nest location on the beach and the resulting incubation environment. Several abiotic factors affect nest incubation, and thus nest success, but tides and gas exchange are two of the most important. The effects of tides on nest success have been well documented in regard to overwash and inundation events. However, the possible effect of tidally-driven gas exchange has received little attention. The incursion and retreat of the saltwater wedge may cause substantial movement of gases through the beach during the tidal cycle. This study quantifies the differences in tidally-driven gas exchange among beach types and shoreline elevation levels. Carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux was used as a means of measuring gas movement through the beach to examine tidal effects across different beach zones and among different beach types. CO2 efflux was measured throughout the tidal cycle at three distinct beaches (accreting, eroding, and nourished) at Cape San Blas, Florida. There was a general pattern of CO2 efflux rising and falling throughout the tidal cycle on each beach and a difference in the CO2 efflux observed among beaches and beach zones. Efflux patterns at the nourished and eroding beaches were similar, but the nourished beach exhibited a decreased and dampened CO2 efflux pattern throughout the course of the tidal cycle. Analyses of the hatchling turtle emergence success data from 2011 to 2014 for the three beaches found that emergence success differed among the three beaches. The highest emergence success was on the nourished beach, which exhibited a relatively consistent efflux pattern. These results suggest that tidally-driven gas exchange may have implications on nest incubation and survival and are a consideration in beach restoration management and best practices for coastline conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc.","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-21-00082.1","usgsCitation":"Goforth, K., and Carthy, R., 2022, Tidally-driven gas exchange in beaches: Implications for sea turtle nest success: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 38, no. 3, p. 523-537, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-21-00082.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"537","ipdsId":"IP-130877","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Gulf County","otherGeospatial":"Eglin Air Force Base–CSB, and Rish Park, Salinas Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.40572058069057,\n 29.74177252032031\n ],\n [\n -85.37633878087428,\n 29.664358173736517\n ],\n [\n -85.3489157677126,\n 29.658826431928226\n ],\n [\n -85.32541032785983,\n 29.663507352511033\n ],\n [\n -85.35087455436684,\n 29.69243951475036\n ],\n [\n -85.37927696085592,\n 29.739645420414227\n ],\n [\n -85.40572058069057,\n 29.74177252032031\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goforth, K.M.","contributorId":341648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goforth","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carthy, Raymond 0000-0001-8978-5083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-5083","contributorId":219303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carthy","given":"Raymond","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227958,"text":"70227958 - 2022 - Poor relationships between NEON Airborne Observation Platform data and field-based vegetation traits at a mesic grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-02T15:10:24.469421","indexId":"70227958","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-02T09:04:27","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Poor relationships between NEON Airborne Observation Platform data and field-based vegetation traits at a mesic grassland","docAbstract":"Understanding spatial and temporal variation in plant traits is needed to accurately predict how communities and ecosystems will respond to global change. The National Observatory Ecological Network (NEON) Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) provides hyperspectral images and associated data products at numerous field sites at 1 m spatial resolution, potentially allowing high-resolution trait mapping. We tested the accuracy of NEON’s readily available AOP derived data products – Leaf Area Index, Total biomass, Ecosystem structure (Canopy height model; CHM), and Canopy Nitrogen by comparing them to spatially extensive field measurements from a mesic tallgrass prairie. Correlations with AOP data products exhibited generally weak or no relationships with corresponding field measurements. The strongest relationships were between AOP LAI and ground-measured LAI (r = 0.32) and AOP Total biomass and ground-measured biomass (r = 0.23). We also examined how well the full reflectance spectra (380-2500 nm), as opposed to derived products, could predict vegetation traits using partial least-squares regression models. Only one of the eight traits examined, Nitrogen, had a validation R2 of more than 0.25. For all vegetation traits, validation R2 ranged from 0.08-0.29 and the root mean square error of prediction ranged from 14-64%. Our results suggest that currently available AOP derived data products should not be used without extensive ground-based validation. Relationships using the full reflectance spectra may be more promising, although careful consideration of field and AOP data mismatches in space and/or time, biases in field-based measurements or AOP algorithms, and model uncertainty are needed. Finally, grassland sites may be especially challenging for airborne spectroscopy because of their high species diversity within a small area, mixed functional types of plant communities, and heterogenous mosaics of disturbance and resource availability. Remote sensing observations are one of the most promising approaches to understanding ecological patterns across space and time, yet the opportunity to engage a diverse community of NEON data users will depend on establishing rigorous links with in-situ field measurements across a diversity of sites.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecy.3590","usgsCitation":"Pau, S., Nippert, J., Slapikas, R., Griffith, D.M., Bachle, S., Helliker, B., O’Connor, R., Riley, W.J., Still, C.J., and Zaricor, M., 2022, Poor relationships between NEON Airborne Observation Platform data and field-based vegetation traits at a mesic grassland: Ecology, v. 103, no. 2, e03590, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3590.","productDescription":"e03590","ipdsId":"IP-123791","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Borer, Elizabeth T.","contributorId":45049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832742,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Pau, Stephanie","contributorId":190208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pau","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nippert, Jesse","contributorId":273240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nippert","given":"Jesse","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slapikas, Ryan","contributorId":273467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slapikas","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffith, Daniel Mark 0000-0001-7463-4004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7463-4004","contributorId":271033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachle, Seton","contributorId":273242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachle","given":"Seton","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Helliker, Brent","contributorId":273243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helliker","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Connor, Rory","contributorId":273244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Rory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Riley, William J. 0000-0002-4615-2304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4615-2304","contributorId":194645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Still, Christopher J.","contributorId":167581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Still","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24761,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara; Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zaricor, Marissa","contributorId":273245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zaricor","given":"Marissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70230063,"text":"70230063 - 2022 - Rainfall an unlikely trigger of Kilauea’s 2018 rift eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T13:47:26.611874","indexId":"70230063","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-02T08:34:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rainfall an unlikely trigger of Kīlauea’s 2018 rift eruption","title":"Rainfall an unlikely trigger of Kilauea’s 2018 rift eruption","docAbstract":"If volcanic eruptions could be forecast from the occurrence of some external process, it might be possible to better mitigate risk and protect lives and livelihoods. Farquharson and Amelung1 suggested that the 2018 lower East Rift Zone (ERZ) eruption of Kīlauea Volcano—the most destructive eruption in Hawai‘i in at least 200 years2—was triggered by extreme precipitation, which caused increased pore pressure that resulted in mechanical weakening of the volcano. Here we argue that Kīlauea’s 2018 eruption was instead caused by significant pre-eruptive pressurization, that pre-eruptive rainfall was not extreme, and that there is no significant correlation between rain and eruptions at Kīlauea. Understanding the causal mechanisms of volcanic eruptions is vital for hazard assessment and mitigation, and misattribution may compromise monitoring, preparedness, communication and response efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/s41586-021-04163-1","usgsCitation":"Poland, M., Hurwitz, S., Kauahikaua, J.P., Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Anderson, K.R., Johanson, I.A., Patrick, M.R., and Neal, C.A., 2022, Rainfall an unlikely trigger of Kilauea’s 2018 rift eruption: Nature, v. 602, no. 7895, p. E7-E10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04163-1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"E7","endPage":"E10","ipdsId":"IP-119030","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 19.21780295966795\n ],\n [\n -154.8,\n 19.21780295966795\n ],\n [\n -154.8,\n 19.6\n ],\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 19.6\n ],\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 19.21780295966795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"602","issue":"7895","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":49920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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Forest inventories, processes-based biogeochemical models, and inversion methods have all been used to estimate the contribution of U.S. forests to the global terrestrial carbon sink. However, estimates have ranged widely, largely based on the approach used, and no single system is appropriate for operational carbon quantification and forecasting. We present estimates obtained using a new spatially explicit modeling framework utilizing a “gain–loss” approach, by linking the LUCAS model of land-use and land-cover change with the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3).
We estimated forest ecosystems in the conterminous United States stored 52.0 Pg C across all pools. Between 2001 and 2020, carbon storage increased by 2.4 Pg C at an annualized rate of 126 Tg C year−1. Our results broadly agree with other studies using a variety of other methods to estimate the forest carbon sink. Climate variability and change was the primary driver of annual variability in the size of the net carbon sink, while land-use and land-cover change and disturbance were the primary drivers of the magnitude, reducing annual sink strength by 39%. Projections of carbon change under climate scenarios for the western U.S. find diverging estimates of carbon balance depending on the scenario. Under a moderate emissions scenario we estimated a 38% increase in the net sink of carbon, while under a high emissions scenario we estimated a reversal from a net sink to net source.
The new approach provides a fully coupled modeling framework capable of producing spatially explicit estimates of carbon stocks and fluxes under a range of historical and/or future socioeconomic, climate, and land management futures.
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Solutions","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniel, Colin","contributorId":197531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daniel","given":"Colin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use 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the effects of hydrology on fish populations is essential to managing for native fish conservation. However, despite decades of research illustrating streamflow influences on fish habitat, reproduction and survival, biologists remain challenged when tasked with predicting how fish populations will respond to changes in flow regimes. This uncertainty stems from insufficient understanding of the context-dependent mechanisms underlying fish responses to, for example, periods of reduced flow or altered frequency of high-flow events. We aim to address this gap by drawing on previous research to hypothesize mechanisms by which low- and high-flows influence fish populations and communities, identifying challenges that stem from data limitations and ecological complexity, and outlining research directions that can advance an empirical basis for prediction. Focusing flow-ecology research on testing and refining mechanistic hypotheses can help narrow management uncertainties and better support species conservation in changing flow regimes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10731","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M., Bestgen, K., Carlisle, D.M., Frimpong, E.A., Franssen, N.R., Gido, K.B., Irwin, E.R., Kanno, Y., Luce, C.H., McKay, S.K., Mims, M.C., Olden, J., Poff, N.L., Propst, D.L., Rack, L., Roy, A.H., Stowe, E.S., Walters, A.W., and Wenger, S., 2022, Toward improved prediction of streamflow effects on freshwater fishes: Fisheries Magazine, v. 47, no. 7, p. 290-298, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10731.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"298","ipdsId":"IP-128605","costCenters":[{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10731","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary 0000-0001-7615-6923 mcfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":3528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"mcfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bestgen, Kevin R.","contributorId":264509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestgen","given":"Kevin R.","affiliations":[{"id":13606,"text":"CSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frimpong, Emmanuel A.","contributorId":273251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frimpong","given":"Emmanuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Franssen, Nathan R.","contributorId":273252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franssen","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gido, Ketih B.","contributorId":273253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gido","given":"Ketih","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Irwin, Elise R. 0000-0002-6866-4976 eirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4976","contributorId":2588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Elise","email":"eirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kanno, Yoichiro","contributorId":210653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanno","given":"Yoichiro","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Luce, Charles H.","contributorId":177837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luce","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McKay, S. Kyle","contributorId":169086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKay","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mims, Meryl C. 0000-0003-0570-988X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-988X","contributorId":209951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mims","given":"Meryl","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":202893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Poff, N. LeRoy","contributorId":261271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poff","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"LeRoy","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Propst, David L.","contributorId":273254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Propst","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Rack, Laura","contributorId":273255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rack","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Stowe, Edward S.","contributorId":273256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stowe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wenger, Seth J.","contributorId":177838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wenger","given":"Seth J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70241786,"text":"70241786 - 2022 - The role of monitoring and research in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in framing our understanding of the effects of disease on amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T12:13:51.160574","indexId":"70241786","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-02T07:12:03","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of monitoring and research in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in framing our understanding of the effects of disease on amphibians","docAbstract":"Emerging infectious disease threatens amphibian biodiversity worldwide, including in landscapes that are protected from many anthropogenic stressors. We summarized data from studies in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), one of the largest and most complete temperate-zone ecosystems on Earth, to assess the current state of knowledge about ranaviruses and the novel amphibian chytrid fungus (Bd) in this landscape, and to provide insight into future threats and conservation strategies. Our comprehension of these amphibian diseases in the GYE is based on >20 years of monitoring, surveys, population studies, and opportunistic observations of mortality events. Research indicates that local species are affected differently, depending on temperature, community structure, and location in the GYE. Bd has not been linked to die-offs in the GYE but evidence for ongoing reductions in survival contributes to foundational data about the effects of this pathogen in North America. Localized mortality events attributed to, or consistent with, disease from ranaviruses, are widespread in the GYE, but there is less information on how ranaviruses affect amphibian vital rates. The significance of disease in the long-term persistence of amphibians in the GYE is linked to anticipated changes in climate, especially drought. Additionally, expected increases in visitor use, and its associated impacts, have the potential to exacerbate the effects of disease. Long-term information from this large, intact landscape helps to frame our understanding of the effects of disease on amphibians and provides data that can contribute to management decisions, mitigation strategies, and forecasting efforts.