Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge (MNWR) offers a mix of open water, marsh, forest, and cropland habitats on 20,307 hectares in coastal North Carolina. In 1934, Federal legislation (Executive Order 6924) established MNWR to benefit wintering waterfowl and other migratory bird species. On an annual basis, the refuge staff decide how to manage 14 impoundments to benefit not only waterfowl during the nonbreeding season, but also shorebirds during fall and spring migration. In making these decisions, the challenge is to select a portfolio, or collection, of management actions for the impoundments that optimizes use by the three groups of birds while respecting budget constraints. In this study, a decision support tool was developed for these annual management decisions.
Within the decision framework, there are three different management objectives: shorebird-use days during fall and spring migrations, and waterfowl-use days during the nonbreeding season. Sixteen potential management actions were identified for impoundments; each action represents a combination of hydroperiod and vegetation manipulation. Example hydroperiods include semi-permanent and seasonal drawdowns, and vegetation manipulations include mechanical-chemical treatment, burning, disking, and no action. Expert elicitation was used to build a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) model that predicts shorebird- and waterfowl-use days for each potential management action. The BBN was parameterized for a representative impoundment, MI-9, and predictions were re-scaled for this impoundment to predict outcomes at other impoundments on the basis of size. Parameter estimates in the BBN model can be updated using observations from ongoing monitoring that is part of the Integrated Waterbird Management and Monitoring (IWMM) program.
The optimal portfolio of management actions depends on the importance, that is, weights, assigned to the three objectives, as well as the budget. Five scenarios with a variety of objective weights and budgets were developed. Given the large number of possible portfolios (1614), a heuristic genetic algorithm was used to identify a management action portfolio that maximized use-day objectives while respecting budget constraints. The genetic algorithm identified a portfolio of management actions for each of the five scenarios, enabling refuge staff to explore the sensitivity of their management decisions to objective weights and budget constraints.
The decision framework developed here provides a transparent, defensible, and testable foundation for decision making at MNWR. The BBN model explicitly structures and parameterizes a mental model previously used by an expert to assign management actions to the impoundments. With ongoing IWMM monitoring, predictions from the model can be tested, and model parameters updated, to reflect empirical observations. This framework is intended to be a living document that can be updated to reflect changes in the decision context (for example, new objectives or constraints, or new models to compete with the current BBN model). Rather than a mandate to refuge staff, this framework is intended to be a decision support tool; tool outputs can become part of the deliberations of refuge staff when making difficult management decisions for multiple objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171052","usgsCitation":"Tavernia, B.G., Stanton, J.D., and Lyons, J.E., 2017, Integrated wetland management for waterfowl and shorebirds at Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1052, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171052.","productDescription":"vii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074603","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1052/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":348385,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1052/ofr20171052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1052"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.36459350585938,\n 35.42262976362149\n ],\n [\n -76.03363037109374,\n 35.42262976362149\n ],\n [\n -76.03363037109374,\n 35.59031875398378\n ],\n [\n -76.36459350585938,\n 35.59031875398378\n ],\n [\n -76.36459350585938,\n 35.42262976362149\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Road, Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708
Burial in sediments removes organic carbon (OC) from the short-term biosphere-atmosphere carbon (C) cycle, and therefore prevents greenhouse gas production in natural systems. Although OC burial in lakes and reservoirs is faster than in the ocean, the magnitude of inland water OC burial is not well constrained. Here we generate the first global-scale and regionally resolved estimate of modern OC burial in lakes and reservoirs, deriving from a comprehensive compilation of literature data. We coupled statistical models to inland water area inventories to estimate a yearly OC burial of 0.15 (range, 0.06–0.25) Pg C, of which ~40% is stored in reservoirs. Relatively higher OC burial rates are predicted for warm and dry regions. While we report lower burial than previously estimated, lake and reservoir OC burial corresponded to ~20% of their C emissions, making them an important C sink that is likely to increase with eutrophication and river damming.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-017-01789-6","usgsCitation":"Mendonca, R., Muller, R.A., Clow, D.W., Verpoorter, C., Raymond, P., Tranvik, L., and Sobek, S., 2017, Organic carbon burial in global lakes and reservoirs: Nature Communications, v. 8, Article 1694; 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01789-6.","productDescription":"Article 1694; 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-088515","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01789-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb01e4b06e28e9c22af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendonca, Raquel","contributorId":200761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendonca","given":"Raquel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller, Roger A.","contributorId":200762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muller","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verpoorter, Charles","contributorId":200763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verpoorter","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Raymond, Peter","contributorId":200764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tranvik, Lars","contributorId":200765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tranvik","given":"Lars","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sobek, Sebastian","contributorId":169974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sobek","given":"Sebastian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70194265,"text":"70194265 - 2017 - Imaging shear strength along subduction faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T13:57:56","indexId":"70194265","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging shear strength along subduction faults","docAbstract":"Subduction faults accumulate stress during long periods of time and release this stress suddenly, during earthquakes, when it reaches a threshold. This threshold, the shear strength, controls the occurrence and magnitude of earthquakes. We consider a 3-D model to derive an analytical expression for how the shear strength depends on the fault geometry, the convergence obliquity, frictional properties, and the stress field orientation. We then use estimates of these different parameters in Japan to infer the distribution of shear strength along a subduction fault. We show that the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake ruptured a fault portion characterized by unusually small variations in static shear strength. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that large earthquakes preferentially rupture regions with relatively homogeneous shear strength. With increasing constraints on the different parameters at play, our approach could, in the future, help identify favorable locations for large earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017GL075501","usgsCitation":"Bletery, Q., Thomas, A.M., Rempel, A.W., and Hardebeck, J.L., 2017, Imaging shear strength along subduction faults: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, no. 22, p. 11329-11339, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075501.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11329","endPage":"11339","ipdsId":"IP-088563","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl075501","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"22","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb01e4b06e28e9c22afb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bletery, Quentin","contributorId":200640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bletery","given":"Quentin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Amanda M.","contributorId":200641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rempel, Alan W.","contributorId":200642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rempel","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194583,"text":"70194583 - 2017 - Vaccine effects on heterogeneity in susceptibility and implications for population health management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T10:33:00","indexId":"70194583","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3819,"text":"mBio","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vaccine effects on heterogeneity in susceptibility and implications for population health management","docAbstract":"Heterogeneity in host susceptibility is a key determinant of infectious disease dynamics but is rarely accounted for in assessment of disease control measures. Understanding how susceptibility is distributed in populations, and how control measures change this distribution, is integral to predicting the course of epidemics with and without interventions. Using multiple experimental and modeling approaches, we show that rainbow trout have relatively homogeneous susceptibility to infection with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and that vaccination increases heterogeneity in susceptibility in a nearly all-or-nothing fashion. In a simple transmission model with an R0 of 2, the highly heterogeneous vaccine protection would cause a 35 percentage-point reduction in outbreak size over an intervention inducing homogenous protection at the same mean level. More broadly, these findings provide validation of methodology that can help to reduce biases in predictions of vaccine impact in natural settings and provide insight into how vaccination shapes population susceptibility.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/mBio.00796-17","usgsCitation":"Langwig, K.E., Wargo, A.R., Jones, D.R., Viss, J.R., Rutan, B.J., Egan, N.A., Sa-Guimaraes, P., Kim, M.S., Kurath, G., Gomes, M.G., and Lipsitch, M., 2017, Vaccine effects on heterogeneity in susceptibility and implications for population health management: mBio, v. 8, no. 6, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00796-17.","productDescription":" e00796-17; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-082928","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00796-17","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb02e4b06e28e9c22b05","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bansal, Shweta","contributorId":168595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bansal","given":"Shweta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25339,"text":"Dep't of Biology, Georgetown U., Washington D.C., NIH, Bethesda, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724691,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pettigrew, Melinda M.","contributorId":201230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pettigrew","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724692,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Langwig, Kate E.","contributorId":127717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langwig","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wargo, Andrew R.","contributorId":201137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wargo","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Darbi R.","contributorId":201191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Darbi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Viss, Jessie R.","contributorId":201192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viss","given":"Jessie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rutan, Barbara J.","contributorId":201193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rutan","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Egan, Nicholas A.","contributorId":201194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egan","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sa-Guimaraes, Pedro","contributorId":201195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sa-Guimaraes","given":"Pedro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kim, Min Sun","contributorId":201196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Min","email":"","middleInitial":"Sun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gomes, M. Gabriela M.","contributorId":201197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gomes","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gabriela M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lipsitch, Marc","contributorId":201198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipsitch","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70192132,"text":"ofr20171132 - 2017 - An expert elicitation process to project the frequency and magnitude of Florida manatee mortality events caused by red tide (Karenia brevis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T11:28:07","indexId":"ofr20171132","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1132","displayTitle":"An expert elicitation process to project the frequency and magnitude of Florida manatee mortality events caused by red tide (Karenia brevis)","title":"An expert elicitation process to project the frequency and magnitude of Florida manatee mortality events caused by red tide (Karenia brevis)","docAbstract":"Red tides (blooms of the harmful alga Karenia brevis) are one of the major sources of mortality for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), especially in southwest Florida. It has been hypothesized that the frequency and severity of red tides may increase in the future because of global climate change and other factors. To improve our ecological forecast for the effects of red tides on manatee population dynamics and long-term persistence, we conducted a formal expert judgment process to estimate probability distributions for the frequency and relative magnitude of red-tide-related manatee mortality (RTMM) events over a 100-year time horizon in three of the four regions recognized as manatee management units in Florida. This information was used to update a population viability analysis for the Florida manatee (the Core Biological Model). We convened a panel of 12 experts in manatee biology or red-tide ecology; the panel met to frame, conduct, and discuss the elicitation. Each expert provided a best estimate and plausible low and high values (bounding a confidence level of 80 percent) for each parameter in each of three regions (Northwest, Southwest, and Atlantic) of the subspecies’ range (excluding the Upper St. Johns River region) for two time periods (0−40 and 41−100 years from present). We fitted probability distributions for each parameter, time period, and expert by using these three elicited values. We aggregated the parameter estimates elicited from individual experts and fitted a parametric distribution to the aggregated results.
Across regions, the experts expected the future frequency of RTMM events to be higher than historical levels, which is consistent with the hypothesis that global climate change (among other factors) may increase the frequency of red-tide blooms. The experts articulated considerable uncertainty, however, about the future frequency of RTMM events. The historical frequency of moderate and intense RTMM (combined) in the Southwest region was 0.35 (80-percent confidence interval [CI]: 0.21−0.52), whereas the forecast probability was 0.48 (80-percent CI: 0.30−0.64) over a 40-year projected time horizon. Moderate and intense RTMM events are expected to continue to be most frequent in the Southwest region, to increase in mean frequency in the Northwest region (historical frequency of moderate and intense RTMM events [combined] in the Northwest region was 0, whereas the forecast probability was 0.12 [80-percent CI: 0.02−0.39] over a 40-year projected time horizon) and in the Atlantic region (historical frequency of moderate and intense RTMM events [combined] in the Atlantic region was 0.05 [80-percent CI: 0.005–0.18], whereas the forecast probability was 0.11 [80-percent CI: 0.03−0.25] over a 40-year projected time horizon), and to remain absent from the Upper St. Johns River region.
The impact of red-tide blooms on manatee mortality has been measured for the Southwest region but not for the Northwest and Atlantic regions, where such events have been rare. The expert panel predicted that the median magnitude of RTMM events in the Atlantic and Northwest regions will be much smaller than that in the Southwest; given the large uncertainties, however, they acknowledged the possibility that these events could be larger in their mortality impacts than in the Southwest region.
By its nature, forecasting requires expert judgment because it is impossible to have empirical evidence about the future. The large uncertainties in parameter estimates over a 100-year timeframe are to be expected and may also indicate that the training provided to panelists successfully minimized one common pitfall of expert judgment, that of overconfidence. This study has provided useful and needed inputs to the Florida manatee population viability analysis associated with an important and recurrent source of mortality from harmful algal blooms.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","usgsCitation":"Martin, Julien, Runge, M.C., Flewelling, L.J., Deutsch, C.J., and Landsberg, J.H., 2017, An expert elicitation process to project the frequency and magnitude of Florida manatee mortality events caused by red tide (Karenia brevis): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1132, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171132.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 17 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"28","ipdsId":"IP-084079","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348904,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1132/ofr20171132.pdf","text":"Report","size":"725 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017–1132"},{"id":348905,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78P5XQG","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"An expert elicitation process to project the frequency and magnitude of Florida manatee mortality events caused by red tide (Karenia brevis)"},{"id":348903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1132/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
7920 NW 71St Street
Gainesville, FL 32653
Yellowstone National Park, a nearly 9,000 km2 (~3,468 mi2) area, was preserved in 1872 as the world’s first national park for its unique, extraordinary, and magnificent natural features. Rimmed by a crescent of older mountainous terrain, Yellowstone National Park has at its core the Quaternary Yellowstone Plateau, an undulating landscape shaped by forces of late Cenozoic explosive and effusive volcanism, on-going tectonism, glaciation, and hydrothermal activity. The Yellowstone Caldera is the centerpiece of the Yellowstone Plateau.
The Yellowstone Plateau lies at the most northeastern front of the 17-Ma Yellowstone hot spot track, one of the few places on Earth where time-transgressive processes on continental crust can be observed in the volcanic and tectonic (faulting and uplift) record at the rate and direction predicted by plate motion.
Over six days, this field trip presents an intensive overview into volcanism, tectonism, and hydrothermal activity on the Yellowstone Plateau (fig. 1). Field stops are linked directly to conceptual models related to monitoring of the various volcanic, geochemical, hydrothermal, and tectonic aspects of the greater Yellowstone system. Recent interest in young and possible future volcanism at Yellowstone as well as new discoveries and synthesis of previous studies, (for example, tomographic, deformation, gas, aeromagnetic, bathymetric, and seismic surveys), provide a framework in which to discuss volcanic, hydrothermal, and seismic activity in this dynamic region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175022P","usgsCitation":"Morgan, L.A., Shanks, W.C.P., Lowenstern, J.B., Farrell, J.M., and Robinson, J.E., 2017, Geologic field-trip guide to the volcanic and hydrothermal landscape of the Yellowstone Plateau: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5022–P, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175022P.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 100 p.","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-078118","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/p/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":349172,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/p/sir20175022_p.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5022-P"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -109.75,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -109.75,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Accurate pathogen detection is essential for developing management strategies to address emerging infectious diseases, an increasingly prominent threat to wildlife. Sampling for free-living pathogens outside of their hosts has benefits for inference and study efficiency, but is still uncommon. We used a laboratory experiment to evaluate the influences of pathogen concentration, water type, and qPCR inhibitors on the detection and quantification of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) using water filtration. We compared results pre- and post-inhibitor removal, and assessed inferential differences when single versus multiple samples were collected across space or time. We found that qPCR inhibition influenced both Bd detection and quantification in natural water samples, resulting in biased inferences about Bd occurrence and abundance. Biases in occurrence could be mitigated by collecting multiple samples in space or time, but biases in Bd quantification were persistent. Differences in Bd concentration resulted in variation in detection probability, indicating that occupancy modeling could be used to explore factors influencing heterogeneity in Bd abundance among samples, sites, or over time. Our work will influence the design of studies involving amphibian disease dynamics and studies utilizing environmental DNA (eDNA) to understand species distributions.
The Edwards and Trinity aquifers are major sources of water in south-central Texas and are both classified as major aquifers by the State of Texas. The population in Hays and Comal Counties is rapidly growing, increasing demands on the area’s water resources. To help effectively manage the water resources in the area, refined maps and descriptions of the geologic structures and hydrostratigraphic units of the aquifers are needed. This report presents the detailed 1:24,000-scale bedrock hydrostratigraphic map as well as names and descriptions of the geologic and hydrostratigraphic units of the Driftwood and Wimberley 7.5-minute quadrangles in Hays and Comal Counties, Tex.
Hydrostratigraphically, the rocks exposed in the study area represent a section of the upper confining unit to the Edwards aquifer, the Edwards aquifer, the upper zone of the Trinity aquifer, and the middle zone of the Trinity aquifer. In the study area, the Edwards aquifer is composed of the Georgetown Formation and the rocks forming the Edwards Group. The Trinity aquifer is composed of the rocks forming the Trinity Group. The Edwards and Trinity aquifers are karstic with high secondary porosity along bedding and fractures. The Del Rio Clay is a confining unit above the Edwards aquifer and does not supply appreciable amounts of water to wells in the study area.
The hydrologic connection between the Edwards and Trinity aquifers and the various hydrostratigraphic units is complex because the aquifer system is a combination of the original Cretaceous depositional environment, bioturbation, primary and secondary porosity, diagenesis, and fracturing of the area from Miocene faulting. All of these factors have resulted in development of modified porosity, permeability, and transmissivity within and between the aquifers. Faulting produced highly fractured areas which allowed for rapid infiltration of water and subsequently formed solutionally enhanced fractures, bedding planes, channels, and caves that are highly permeable and transmissive. Because of faulting the juxtaposition of the aquifers and hydrostratigraphic units has resulted in areas of interconnectedness between the Edwards and Trinity aquifers and the various hydrostratigraphic units that form the aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3386","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.K., and Morris, R.R., 2017, Bedrock geology and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within the Driftwood and Wimberley 7.5-minute quadrangles, Hays and Comal Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3386, 12 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3386.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Plates: 34.78 x 53.96 inches; Table; Data Release; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-078819","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348918,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3386/sim3386_ReadMe.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"8.00 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3386 Read Me"},{"id":348916,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3386/sim3386_map.pdf","text":"Map","size":"63.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3386 Map"},{"id":348917,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3386/sim3386_geomap.pdf","text":"Georeferenced map","size":"70.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3386 Georeferenced Map"},{"id":348913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3386/sim3386_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"46.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3386 Report"},{"id":348933,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3386/sim3386_Table_1.pdf","text":"Table 1—","size":"264 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3386 Table 1","linkHelpText":"Summary of bedrock geology and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within the Driftwood and Wimberley 7.5-minute quadrangles, Hays and Comal Counties, Texas"},{"id":348912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3386/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":348921,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3363","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3363—","linkHelpText":"Geologic framework, hydrostratigraphy, and ichnology of the Blanco, Payton, and Rough Hollow 7.5-minute quadrangles, Blanco, Comal, Hays, and Kendall Counties, Texas"},{"id":348919,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76D5RXQ","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data release for bedrock geology and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity Aquifers within the Driftwood and Wimberley 7.5-Minute Quadrangles, Hays and Comal Counties, Texas at 1:24,000 scale"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Comal County, Hays County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.125,\n 30.125\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 30.125\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 29.875\n ],\n [\n -98.125,\n 29.875\n ],\n [\n -98.125,\n 30.125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, Texas 78754-4501
Sediment management is a challenge faced by reservoir managers who have several potential options, including dredging, for mitigation of storage capacity lost to sedimentation. As sediment is removed from reservoir storage, potential use of the sediment for socioeconomic or ecological benefit could potentially defray some costs of its removal. Rivers that transport a sandy sediment load will deposit the sand load along a reservoir-headwaters reach where the current of the river slackens progressively as its bed approaches and then descends below the reservoir water level. Given a rare combination of factors, a reservoir deposit of alluvial sand has potential to be suitable for use as proppant for hydraulic fracturing in unconventional oil and gas development. In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey began a program of researching potential sources of proppant sand from reservoirs, with an initial focus on the Missouri River subbasins that receive sand loads from the Nebraska Sand Hills. This report documents the methods and results of assessments of the suitability of river delta sediment as proppant for a pilot study area in the delta headwaters of Lewis and Clark Lake, Nebraska and South Dakota. Results from surface-geophysical surveys of electrical resistivity guided borings to collect 3.7-meter long cores at 25 sites on delta sandbars using the direct-push method to recover duplicate, 3.8-centimeter-diameter cores in April 2015. In addition, the U.S. Geological Survey collected samples of upstream sand sources in the lower Niobrara River valley.
At the laboratory, samples were dried, weighed, washed, dried, and weighed again. Exploratory analysis of natural sand for determining its suitability as a proppant involved application of a modified subset of the standard protocols known as American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice (RP) 19C. The RP19C methods were not intended for exploration-stage evaluation of raw materials. Results for the washed samples are not directly applicable to evaluations of suitability for use as fracture sand because, except for particle-size distribution, the API-recommended practices for assessing proppant properties (sphericity, roundness, bulk density, and crush resistance) require testing of specific proppant size classes. An optical imaging particle-size analyzer was used to make measurements of particle-size distribution and particle shape. Measured samples were sieved to separate the dominant-size fraction, and the separated subsample was further tested for roundness, sphericity, bulk density, and crush resistance.
For the bulk washed samples collected from the Missouri River delta, the geometric mean size averaged 0.27 millimeters (mm), 80 percent of the samples were predominantly sand in the API 40/70 size class, and 17 percent were predominantly sand in the API 70/140 size class. Distributions of geometric mean size among the four sandbar complexes were similar, but samples collected from sandbar complex B were slightly coarser sand than those from the other three complexes. The average geometric mean sizes among the four sandbar complexes ranged only from 0.26 to 0.30 mm. For 22 main-stem sampling locations along the lower Niobrara River, geometric mean size averaged 0.26 mm, an average of 61 percent was sand in the API 40/70 size class, and 28 percent was sand in the API 70/140 size class. Average composition for lower Niobrara River samples was 48 percent medium sand, 37 percent fine sand, and about 7 percent each very fine sand and coarse sand fractions. On average, samples were moderately well sorted.
Particle shape and strength were assessed for the dominant-size class of each sample. For proppant strength, crush resistance was tested at a predetermined level of stress (34.5 megapascals [MPa], or 5,000 pounds-force per square inch). To meet the API minimum requirement for proppant, after the crush test not more than 10 percent of the tested sample should be finer than the precrush dominant-size class. For particle shape, all samples surpassed the recommended minimum criteria for sphericity and roundness, with most samples being well-rounded.
For proppant strength, of 57 crush-resistance tested Missouri River delta samples of 40/70-sized sand, 23 (40 percent) were interpreted as meeting the minimum criterion at 34.5 MPa, or 5,000 pounds-force per square inch. Of 12 tested samples of 70/140-sized sand, 9 (75 percent) of the Missouri River delta samples had less than 10 percent fines by volume following crush testing, achieving the minimum criterion at 34.5 MPa. Crush resistance for delta samples was strongest at sandbar complex A, where 67 percent of tested samples met the 10-percent fines criterion at the 34.5-MPa threshold. This frequency was higher than was indicated by samples from sandbar complexes B, C, and D that had rates of 50, 46, and 42 percent, respectively. The group of sandbar complex A samples also contained the largest percentages of samples dominated by the API 70/140 size class, which overall had a higher percentage of samples meeting the minimum criterion compared to samples dominated by coarser size classes; however, samples from sandbar complex A that had the API 40/70 size class tested also had a higher rate for meeting the minimum criterion (57 percent) than did samples from sandbar complexes B, C, and D (50, 43, and 40 percent, respectively).
For samples collected along the lower Niobrara River, of the 25 tested samples of 40/70-sized sand, 9 samples passed the API minimum criterion at 34.5 MPa, but only 3 samples passed the more-stringent criterion of 8 percent postcrush fines. All four tested samples of 70/140 sand passed the minimum criterion at 34.5 MPa, with postcrush fines percentage of at most 4.1 percent.
For two reaches of the lower Niobrara River, where hydraulic sorting was energized artificially by the hydraulic head drop at and immediately downstream from Spencer Dam, suitability of channel deposits for potential use as fracture sand was confirmed by test results. All reach A washed samples were well-rounded and had sphericity scores above 0.65, and samples for 80 percent of sampled locations met the crush-resistance criterion at the 34.5-MPa stress level. A conservative lower-bound estimate of sand volume in the reach A deposits was about 86,000 cubic meters. All reach B samples were well-rounded but sphericity averaged 0.63, a little less than the average for upstream reaches A and SP. All four samples tested passed the crush-resistance test at 34.5 MPa. Of three reach B sandbars, two had no more than 3 percent fines after the crush test, surpassing more stringent criteria for crush resistance that accept a maximum of 6 percent fines following the crush test for the API 70/140 size class.
Relative to the crush-resistance test results for the API 40/70 size fraction of two samples of mine output from Loup River settling-basin dredge spoils near Genoa, Nebr., four of five reach A sample locations compared favorably. The four samples had increases in fines composition of 1.6–5.9 percentage points, whereas fines in the two mine-output samples increased by an average 6.8 percentage points.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Midwest Region Initiative on Natural Sources of Fracture Sand","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., Hobza, C.M., Burton, B.L., Schaepe, N.J., and Piatak, Nadine, 2017, Suitability of river delta sediment as proppant, Missouri and Niobrara Rivers, Nebraska and South Dakota, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5105, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175105.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 51 p.; Tables: 4; Data Release","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077776","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348988,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5105/sir20175105.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5105"},{"id":348987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5105/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":348989,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5105/sir20175105_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4","size":"38.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5105 Table 4"},{"id":348990,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5105/sir20175105_table5.xlsx","text":"Table 5","size":"26.6 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5105 Table 5"},{"id":348991,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5105/sir20175105_table6.xlsx","text":"Table 6","size":"70.8 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5105 Table 6"},{"id":348992,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5105/sir20175105_table9.xlsx","text":"Table 9","size":"75.0","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5105 Table 9"},{"id":348993,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79W0CQB","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Streambed sediment data for Missouri and Niobrara Rivers, Nebraska and South Dakota, 2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River, Niobrara River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.75,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -97.45,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -97.45,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -98.75,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -98.75,\n 42.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, NE 68512
Most extant giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) populations persist in an agro-ecosystem dominated by rice, which serves as a surrogate to the expansive marshes lost to flood control projects and development of the Great Central Valley of California. Knowledge of how giant gartersnakes use the rice agricultural landscape, including how they respond to fallowing, idling, or crop rotations, would greatly benefit conservation of giant gartersnakes by informing more snake-friendly land and water management practices. We studied adult giant gartersnakes at 11 sites in the rice-growing regions of the Sacramento Valley during an extended drought in California to evaluate their response to differences in water availability at the site and individual levels. Although our study indicated that giant gartersnakes make little use of rice fields themselves, and avoid cultivated rice relative to its availability on the landscape, rice is a crucial component of the modern landscape for giant gartersnakes. Giant gartersnakes are strongly associated with the canals that supply water to and drain water from rice fields; these canals provide much more stable habitat than rice fields because they maintain water longer and support marsh-like conditions for most of the giant gartersnake active season. Nonetheless, our results suggest that maintaining canals without neighboring rice fields would be detrimental to giant gartersnake populations, with decreases in giant gartersnake survival rates associated with less rice production in the surrounding landscape. Increased productivity of prey populations, dispersion of potential predators across a larger landscape, and a more secure water supply are just some of the mechanisms by which rice fields might benefit giant gartersnakes in adjacent canals. Results indicate that identifying how rice benefits giant gartersnakes in canals and the extent to which the rice agro-ecosystem could provide these benefits when rice is fallowed would inform the use of water for other purposes without harm to giant gartersnakes. Our study also suggests that without such understanding, maintaining rice and associated canals in the Sacramento Valley is critical for the sustainability of giant gartersnake populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171141","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Reyes, G.A., Halstead, B.J., Rose, J.P., Ersan, J.S.M., Jordan, A.C., Essert, A.M., Fouts, K.J., Fulton, A.M., Gustafson, K.B., Wack, R.F., Wylie, G.D., and Casazza, M.L., 2017, Behavioral response of giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) to the relative availability of aquatic habitat on the landscape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017-1141, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171141.","productDescription":"vi, 134 p.","numberOfPages":"144","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-086237","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1141/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":348952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1141/ofr20171141.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1141"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.42340087890624,\n 38.62116234642254\n ],\n [\n -121.36596679687499,\n 38.62116234642254\n ],\n [\n -121.36596679687499,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -122.42340087890624,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -122.42340087890624,\n 38.62116234642254\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive
East Sacramento, California 95819
The Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS) is the main imaging system onboard the European Space Agency’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) which was launched on 14 March 2016. CaSSIS is intended to acquire moderately high resolution (4.6 m/pixel) targeted images of Mars at a rate of 10–20 images per day from a roughly circular orbit 400 km above the surface. Each image can be acquired in up to four colours and stereo capability is foreseen by the use of a novel rotation mechanism. A typical product from one image acquisition will be a
Mechanisms relating offshore geologic framework to shoreline evolution are determined through geologic investigations, oceanographic deployments, and numerical modeling. Analysis of shoreline positions from the past 50 years along Fire Island, New York, a 50 km long barrier island, demonstrates a persistent undulating shape along the western half of the island. The shelf offshore of these persistent undulations is characterized with shoreface-connected sand ridges (SFCR) of a similar alongshore length scale, leading to a hypothesis that the ridges control the shoreline shape through the modification of flow. To evaluate this, a hydrodynamic model was configured to start with the US East Coast and scale down to resolve the Fire Island nearshore. The model was validated using observations along western Fire Island and buoy data, and used to compute waves, currents and sediment fluxes. To isolate the influence of the SFCR on the generation of the persistent shoreline shape, simulations were performed with a linearized nearshore bathymetry to remove alongshore transport gradients associated with shoreline shape. The model accurately predicts the scale and variation of the alongshore transport that would generate the persistent shoreline undulations. In one location, however, the ridge crest connects to the nearshore and leads to an offshore-directed transport that produces a difference in the shoreline shape. This qualitatively supports the hypothesized effect of cross-shore fluxes on coastal evolution. Alongshore flows in the nearshore during a representative storm are driven by wave breaking, vortex force, advection and pressure gradient, all of which are affected by the SFCR.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017JC012808","usgsCitation":"Safak, I., List, J.H., Warner, J., and Schwab, W.C., 2017, Persistent shoreline shape induced from offshore geologic framework: Effects of shoreface connected ridges: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 122, no. 11, p. 8721-8738, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012808.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"8721","endPage":"8738","ipdsId":"IP-082366","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/9472","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.33099365234375,\n 40.588928169693745\n ],\n [\n -72.35321044921875,\n 40.588928169693745\n ],\n [\n -72.35321044921875,\n 40.865756786006806\n ],\n [\n -73.33099365234375,\n 40.865756786006806\n ],\n [\n -73.33099365234375,\n 40.588928169693745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb0fe4b06e28e9c22b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, Ilgar 0000-0001-7675-0770 isafak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-0770","contributorId":5522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"Ilgar","email":"isafak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. 0000-0001-8594-2491 jlist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-2491","contributorId":174581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194083,"text":"70194083 - 2017 - Late Quaternary uplift along the North America-Caribbean plate boundary: Evidence from the sea level record of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:27:29","indexId":"70194083","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary uplift along the North America-Caribbean plate boundary: Evidence from the sea level record of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba","docAbstract":"The tectonic setting of the North America-Caribbean plate boundary has been studied intensively, but some aspects are still poorly understood, particularly along the Oriente fault zone. Guantanamo Bay, southern Cuba, is considered to be on a coastline that is under a transpressive tectonic regime along this zone, and is hypothesized to have a low uplift rate. We tested this by studying emergent reef terrace deposits around the bay. Reef elevations in the protected, inner part of the bay are ∼11–12 m and outer-coast, wave-cut benches are as high as ∼14 m. Uranium-series analyses of corals yield ages ranging from ∼133 ka to ∼119 ka, correlating this reef to the peak of the last interglacial period, marine isotope stage (MIS) 5.5. Assuming a span of possible paleo-sea levels at the time of the last interglacial period yields long-term tectonic uplift rates of 0.02–0.11 m/ka, supporting the hypothesis that the tectonic uplift rate is low. Nevertheless, on the eastern and southern coasts of Cuba, east and west of Guantanamo Bay, there are flights of multiple marine terraces, at higher elevations, that could record a higher rate of uplift, implying that Guantanamo Bay may be anomalous. Southern Cuba is considered to have experienced a measurable but modest effect from glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) processes. Thus, with a low uplift rate, Guantanamo Bay should show no evidence of emergent marine terraces dating to the ∼100 ka (MIS 5.3) or ∼80 ka (MIS 5.1) sea stands and results of the present study support this.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.024","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Schweig, E.S., Simmons, K., and Halley, R.B., 2017, Late Quaternary uplift along the North America-Caribbean plate boundary: Evidence from the sea level record of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 178, p. 54-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.024.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"76","ipdsId":"IP-080061","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cuba","otherGeospatial":"Guantanamo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.234375,\n 19.88910880963871\n ],\n [\n -75.0802230834961,\n 19.88910880963871\n ],\n [\n -75.0802230834961,\n 19.980447420014933\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 19.980447420014933\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 19.88910880963871\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"178","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb10e4b06e28e9c22b93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":168575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel R.","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schweig, Eugene S. 0000-0003-3669-9741 schweig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-9741","contributorId":1271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"Eugene","email":"schweig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, Kathleen 0000-0002-7920-094X ksimmons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-094X","contributorId":200362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksimmons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":722059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":195075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222533,"text":"70222533 - 2017 - Inflation leading to a Slow Slip Event and volcanic unrest at Mt. Etna in 2016: Insights from CGPS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T12:42:44.831853","indexId":"70222533","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-15T07:40:54","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inflation leading to a Slow Slip Event and volcanic unrest at Mt. Etna in 2016: Insights from CGPS data","docAbstract":"Global Positioning System (CGPS) data from Mount Etna between May 2015 and September 2016 show intense inflation and a concurrent Slow Slip Event (SSE) from 11 December 2015 to 17 May 2016. In May 2016, an eruptive phase started from the summit craters, temporarily stopping the ongoing inflation. The CGPS data presented here give us the opportunity to determine (1) the source of the inflating body, (2) the strain rate parameters highlighting shear strain rate accumulating along NE Rift and S Rift, (3) the magnitude of the SSE, and (4) possible interaction between modeled sources and other flank structures through stress calculations. By analytical inversion, we find an inflating source 5.5 km under the summit (4.4 km below sea level) and flank slip in a fragmented shallow structure accommodating displacements equivalent to a magnitude Mw6.1 earthquake. These large displacements reflect a complex mechanism of rotations indicated by the inversion of CGPS data for strain rate parameters. At the scale of the volcano, these processes can be considered precursors of seismic activity in the eastern flank of the volcano but concentrated mainly on the northern boundary of the mobile eastern flank along the Pernicana Fault and in the area of the Timpe Fault System.
Despite its importance to a range of applied and fundamental studies, and obvious parallels to a robust network of magnetic-field observatories, long-term geoelectric field monitoring is rarely performed. The installation of a new geoelectric monitoring system at the Boulder magnetic observatory of the US Geological Survey is summarized. Data from the system are expected, among other things, to be used for testing and validating algorithms for mapping North American geoelectric fields. An example time series of recorded electric and magnetic fields during a modest magnetic storm is presented. Based on our experience, we additionally present operational aspects of a successful geoelectric field monitoring system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/gi-2017-27","usgsCitation":"Blum, C., White, T., Sauter, E.A., Stewart, D., Bedrosian, P.A., and Love, J.J., 2017, Geoelectric monitoring at the Boulder magnetic observatory: Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, v. 6, p. 447-452, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2017-27.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"452","ipdsId":"IP-088490","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2017-27","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Boulder","volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb11e4b06e28e9c22bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blum, Cletus","contributorId":197377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blum","given":"Cletus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Tim 0000-0002-3563-0649 ttwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-0649","contributorId":2010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Tim","email":"ttwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauter, Edward A. 0000-0001-7541-8506 esauter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7541-8506","contributorId":3773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"Edward","email":"esauter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, Duff 0000-0001-6378-6600 dcstewart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-6600","contributorId":3787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Duff","email":"dcstewart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70189972,"text":"ofr20171088 - 2017 - Virginia flow-ecology modeling results—An initial assessment of flow reduction effects on aquatic biota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-14T12:14:48","indexId":"ofr20171088","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-14T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1088","title":"Virginia flow-ecology modeling results—An initial assessment of flow reduction effects on aquatic biota","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), reviewed a previously compiled set of linear regression models to assess their utility in defining the response of the aquatic biological community to streamflow depletion.
As part of the 2012 Virginia Healthy Watersheds Initiative (HWI) study conducted by Tetra Tech, Inc., for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Virginia DEQ, a database with computed values of 72 hydrologic metrics, or indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA), 37 fish metrics, and 64 benthic invertebrate metrics was compiled and quality assured. Hydrologic alteration was represented by simulation of streamflow record for a pre-water-withdrawal condition (baseline) without dams or developed land, compared to the simulated recent-flow condition (2008 withdrawal simulation) including dams and altered landscape to calculate a percent alteration of flow. Biological samples representing the existing populations represent a range of alteration in the biological community today.
For this study, all 72 IHA metrics, which included more than 7,272 linear regression models, were considered. This extensive dataset provided the opportunity for hypothesis testing and prioritization of flow-ecology relations that have the potential to explain the effect(s) of hydrologic alteration on biological metrics in Virginia streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Rapp, J.L., and Reilly, P.A., 2017, Virginia flow-ecology modeling results—An initial assessment of flow reduction effects on aquatic biota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1088, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171088.","productDescription":"68 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-086496","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438149,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ZW1J42","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Flow-Ecology Regression Summary Statistics for 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond VA 23228
The United States (U.S.) has faced major environmental changes in recent decades, including agricultural intensification and urban expansion, as well as changes in atmospheric deposition and climate—all of which may influence eutrophication of freshwaters. However, it is unclear whether or how water quality in lakes across diverse ecological settings has responded to environmental change. We quantified water quality trends in 2913 lakes using nutrient and chlorophyll (Chl) observations from the Lake Multi-Scaled Geospatial and Temporal Database of the Northeast U.S. (LAGOS-NE), a collection of preexisting lake data mostly from state agencies. LAGOS-NE was used to quantify whether lake water quality has changed from 1990 to 2013, and whether lake-specific or regional geophysical factors were related to the observed changes. We modeled change through time using hierarchical linear models for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), stoichiometry (TN:TP), and Chl. Both the slopes (percent change per year) and intercepts (value in 1990) were allowed to vary by lake and region. Across all lakes, TN declined at a rate of 1.1% year−1, while TP, TN:TP, and Chl did not change. A minority (7%–16%) of individual lakes had changing nutrients, stoichiometry, or Chl. Of those lakes that changed, we found differences in the geospatial variables that were most related to the observed change in the response variables. For example, TN and TN:TP trends were related to region-level drivers associated with atmospheric deposition of N; TP trends were related to both lake and region-level drivers associated with climate and land use; and Chl trends were found in regions with high air temperature at the beginning of the study period. We conclude that despite large environmental change and management efforts over recent decades, water quality of lakes in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. has not overwhelmingly degraded or improved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13810","usgsCitation":"Oliver, S., Collins, S.M., Soranno, P.A., Wagner, T., Stanley, E.H., Jones, J., Stow, C., and Lottig, N.R., 2017, Unexpected stasis in a changing world: Lake nutrient and chlorophyll trends since 1990: Global Change Biology, v. 23, no. 12, p. 5455-5467, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13810.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5455","endPage":"5467","ipdsId":"IP-081858","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13810","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"23","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb13e4b06e28e9c22be5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, Samantha K.","contributorId":169273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"Samantha K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Sarah M.","contributorId":172181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soranno, Patricia A.","contributorId":172104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, John R.","contributorId":48459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"John R.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stow, Craig A.","contributorId":49733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lottig, Noah R.","contributorId":172031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lottig","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70194081,"text":"ofr20171145 - 2017 - Bathymetric map and area/capacity table for Castle Lake, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T11:01:07","indexId":"ofr20171145","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1145","title":"Bathymetric map and area/capacity table for Castle Lake, Washington","docAbstract":"The May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens produced a 2.5-cubic-kilometer debris avalanche that dammed South Fork Castle Creek, causing Castle Lake to form behind a 20-meter-tall blockage. Risk of a catastrophic breach of the newly impounded lake led to outlet channel stabilization work, aggressive monitoring programs, mapping efforts, and blockage stability studies. Despite relatively large uncertainty, early mapping efforts adequately supported several lake breakout models, but have limited applicability to current lake monitoring and hazard assessment. Here, we present the results of a bathymetric survey conducted in August 2012 with the purpose of (1) verifying previous volume estimates, (2) computing an area/capacity table, and (3) producing a bathymetric map. Our survey found seasonal lake volume ranges between 21.0 and 22.6 million cubic meters with a fundamental vertical accuracy representing 0.88 million cubic meters. Lake surface area ranges between 1.13 and 1.16 square kilometers. Relationships developed by our results allow the computation of lake volume from near real-time lake elevation measurements or from remotely sensed imagery.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171145","usgsCitation":"Mosbrucker, A.R., and Spicer, K.R., 2017, Bathymetric map and area/capacity table for Castle Lake, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1145, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171145.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058706","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1145/ofr20171145.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1145"},{"id":348848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1145/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Castle Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.30100631713866,\n 46.231271774559936\n ],\n [\n -122.25088119506836,\n 46.231271774559936\n ],\n [\n -122.25088119506836,\n 46.2668841963711\n ],\n [\n -122.30100631713866,\n 46.2668841963711\n ],\n [\n -122.30100631713866,\n 46.231271774559936\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact CVO
Volcano Science Center, Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, WA 98683-9589
The town of Tortiya was created in the rural northern region of Côte d′Ivoire in the late 1940s to house workers for a new diamond mine. Nearly three decades later, the closure of the industrial-scale diamond mine in 1975 did not diminish the importance of diamond profits to the region's economy, and resulted in the growth of artisanal and small-scale diamond mining (ASM) within the abandoned industrial-scale mining concession. In the early 2000s, the violent conflict that arose in Côte d′Ivoire highlighted the importance of ASM land use to the local economy, but also brought about international concerns that diamond profits were being used to fund the rebellion. In recent years, cashew plantations have expanded exponentially in the region, diversifying economic activity, but also creating the potential for conflict between diamond mining and agricultural land uses. As the government looks to address the future of Tortiya and this potential conflict, a detailed spatio-temporal understanding of the changes in these two land uses over time may assist in informing policymaking. Remotely sensed imagery presents an objective and detailed spatial record of land use/land cover (LULC), and change detection methods can provide quantitative insight regarding regional land cover trends. However, the vastly different scales of ASM and cashew orchards present a unique challenge to comprehensive understanding of land use change in the region. In this study, moderate-scale categories of LULC, including cashew orchards, uncultivated forest, urban space, mining/ bare, and mixed vegetation, were produced through supervised classification of Landsat multispectral imagery from 1984, 1991, 2000, 2007, and 2014. The fine-scale ASM land use was identified through manual interpretation of annually acquired high resolution satellite imagery. Corona imagery was also integrated into the study to extend the temporal duration of the remote sensing record back to the period of industrial-scale mining. These different-scale analyses were then integrated to create a record of 46 years of mining activity and land cover change in Tortiya. While similar in spatial extent, the mining/ bare class in the integrated analysis exhibits a substantially different spatial distribution than in the original classifications. This additional information regarding the locations of ASM activity in the Tortiya area is important from a policy and planning perspective. The results of this study also suggest that LULC classifications of Landsat imagery do not consistently capture areas of ASM in the Côte d′Ivoire landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rsase.2017.08.002","usgsCitation":"Dewitt, J., Chirico, P.G., Bergstresser, S.E., and Warner, T.A., 2017, Multi-scale 46-year remote sensing change detection of diamond mining and land cover in a conflict and post-conflict setting: Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, v. 8, p. 126-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2017.08.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"139","ipdsId":"IP-080382","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2017.08.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Côte d′Ivoire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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pchirico@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-5342","contributorId":195555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter","email":"pchirico@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergstresser, Sarah E. 0000-0003-0182-5779 sbergstresser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-5779","contributorId":195556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstresser","given":"Sarah","email":"sbergstresser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, Timothy A. 0000-0002-0414-9748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0414-9748","contributorId":195554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warner","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193073,"text":"sir20175127 - 2017 - Flood-inundation maps for North Fork Salt Creek at Nashville, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-14T11:17:30","indexId":"sir20175127","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5127","title":"Flood-inundation maps for North Fork Salt Creek at Nashville, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 3.2-mile reach of North Fork Salt Creek at Nashville, Indiana, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science website at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding that correspond to selected water levels (stages) at the North Fork Salt Creek at Nashville, Ind., streamgage (USGS station number 03371650). Real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also shows observed USGS stages at the same site as the USGS streamgage (NWS site NFSI3).
Flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional, step-backwater hydraulic modeling software developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated using the current (2015) stage-discharge rating at the USGS streamgage 03371650, North Fork Salt Creek at Nashville, Ind. The hydraulic model was then used to compute 12 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot (ft) intervals, except for the highest profile of 22.9 ft, referenced to the streamgage datum ranging from 12.0 ft (the NWS “action stage”) to 22.9 ft, which is the highest stage of the current (2015) USGS stage-discharge rating curve and 1.9 ft higher than the NWS “major flood stage.” The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from light detection and ranging data having a 0.98-ft vertical accuracy and 4.9-ft horizontal resolution) to delineate the area flooded at each stage.
The availability of these maps, along with information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for postflood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Martin, Z.W., 2017, Flood-inundation maps for North Fork Salt Creek at Nashville, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5127, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175127.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 10 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-087895","costCenters":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5127/sir20175127.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.72 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5127"},{"id":348733,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VQ316V","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"North Fork Salt Creek at Nashville, Indiana, flood-inundation model and GIS data"},{"id":348731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5127/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Nashville","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Salt Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.26336097717285,\n 39.190954761524445\n ],\n [\n -86.22027397155762,\n 39.190954761524445\n ],\n [\n -86.22027397155762,\n 39.213036788153914\n ],\n [\n -86.26336097717285,\n 39.213036788153914\n ],\n [\n -86.26336097717285,\n 39.190954761524445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Boulevard,
Indianapolis, IN 46278–1996
In 1964, E.H. Hammond proposed criteria for classifying and mapping physiographic regions of the United States. Hammond produced a map entitled “Classes of Land Surface Form in the Forty-Eight States, USA”, which is regarded as a pioneering and rigorous treatment of regional physiography. Several researchers automated Hammond?s model in GIS. However, these were local or regional in application, and resulted in inadequate characterization of tablelands. We used a global 250 m DEM to produce a new characterization of global Hammond landform regions. The improved algorithm we developed for the regional landform modeling: (1) incorporated a profile parameter for the delineation of tablelands; (2) accommodated negative elevation data values; (3) allowed neighborhood analysis window (NAW) size to vary between parameters; (4) more accurately bounded plains regions; and (5) mapped landform regions as opposed to discrete landform features. The new global Hammond landform regions product builds on an existing global Hammond landform features product developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, which, while globally comprehensive, did not include tablelands, used a fixed NAW size, and essentially classified pixels rather than regions. Our algorithm also permits the disaggregation of “mixed” Hammond types (e.g. plains with high mountains) into their component parts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/tgis.12265","usgsCitation":"Karagulle, D., Frye, C., Sayre, R., Breyer, S.P., Aniello, P., Vaughan, R., and Wright, D.J., 2017, Modeling global Hammond landform regions from 250-m elevation data: Transactions in GIS, v. 21, no. 5, p. 1040-1060, https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12265.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1040","endPage":"1060","ipdsId":"IP-075528","costCenters":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb14e4b06e28e9c22bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karagulle, Deniz","contributorId":200267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karagulle","given":"Deniz","affiliations":[{"id":18946,"text":"Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), Redlands, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frye, Charlie","contributorId":191631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frye","given":"Charlie","affiliations":[{"id":18946,"text":"Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), Redlands, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sayre, Roger 0000-0001-6703-7105 rsayre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-7105","contributorId":191629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"Roger","email":"rsayre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Breyer, Sean P.","contributorId":191634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breyer","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":18946,"text":"Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), Redlands, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aniello, Peter","contributorId":191633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aniello","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":18946,"text":"Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), Redlands, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vaughan, Randy","contributorId":191632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaughan","given":"Randy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18946,"text":"Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), Redlands, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wright, Dawn J.","contributorId":191639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":18946,"text":"Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), Redlands, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}