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,{"id":27688,"text":"wri934085 - 1993 - Streamflow, dissolved solids, suspended sediment, and trace elements, San Joaquin River, California, June 1985-September 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T19:17:52.050808","indexId":"wri934085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4085","title":"Streamflow, dissolved solids, suspended sediment, and trace elements, San Joaquin River, California, June 1985-September 1988","docAbstract":"The 1985-88 study period included hydrologic extremes throughout most of central California. Except for an 11-month period during and after the 1986 flood, San Joaquin River streamflows during 1985-88 were generally less than median for 1975-88. The Merced Tuolumne, and Stanislaus Rivers together comprised 56 to 69 percent of the annual San Joaquin River flow, Salt and Mud Sloughs together comprised 6 to 19 percent, the upper San Joaquin River comprised 2 to 25 percent, and unmeasured sources from agricultural discharges and ground water accounted for 13 to 20 percent. Salt and Mud Sloughs and the unmeasured sources contribute most of the dissolved-solids load. The Merced, Tuolumne, and Stanislaus Rivers greatly dilute dissolved-solids concentrations. Suspended-sediment concentration peaked sharply at more than 600 milligrams per liter during the flood of February 1986. Concentrations and loads varied seasonally during low-flow conditions, with concentrations highest during the early summer irrigation season. Trace elements present primarily in dissolved phases are arsenic, boron, lithium, molybdenum, and selenium. Boron concentrations exceeded the irrigation water-quality criterion of 750 micrograms per liter more than 75 percent of the time in Salt and Mud Sloughs and more than 50 percent of the time at three sites on the San Joaquin River. Selenium concentrations exceeded the aquatic-life criterion of 5 micrograms per liter more than 75 percent of the time in Salt Slough and more than 50 percent of the time in Mud Slough and in the San Joaquin River from Salt Slough to the Merced River confluence. Concentrations of dissolved solids, boron, and selenium usually are highest during late winter to early spring, lower in early summer, higher again in mid-to-late summer, and the lowest in autumn, and generally correspond to seasonal inflows of subsurface tile-drain water to Salt and Mud Sloughs. Trace elements present primarily in particulate phases are aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc, none of which cause significant water-quality problems in the river.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934085","usgsCitation":"Hill, B.R., and Gilliom, R.J., 1993, Streamflow, dissolved solids, suspended sediment, and trace elements, San Joaquin River, California, June 1985-September 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4085, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934085.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410638,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47803.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4085/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.25408167229847,\n              37.7742724317164\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25408167229847,\n              37.05661752587558\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.52163844023164,\n              37.05661752587558\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.52163844023164,\n              37.7742724317164\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25408167229847,\n              37.7742724317164\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4cdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, B. R.","contributorId":72833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17307,"text":"ofr93255 - 1993 - Lithological and geophysical characteristics of the Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation's THL core hole : implications for the coal resource potential of the lower and middle part of the Bara Formation in the Lakhra area of Sindh, Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:27","indexId":"ofr93255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-255","title":"Lithological and geophysical characteristics of the Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation's THL core hole : implications for the coal resource potential of the lower and middle part of the Bara Formation in the Lakhra area of Sindh, Pakistan","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93255","usgsCitation":"Wnuk, C., SanFilipo, J., Fatmi, S., Khan, S., and Fariduddin, M., 1993, Lithological and geophysical characteristics of the Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation's THL core hole : implications for the coal resource potential of the lower and middle part of the Bara Formation in the Lakhra area of Sindh, Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-255, i, 137 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93255.","productDescription":"i, 137 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0255/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46442,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0255/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635b07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wnuk, Christopher","contributorId":44156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wnuk","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"SanFilipo, J.R. 0000-0002-8739-5628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":27074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fatmi, S.F.","contributorId":92273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fatmi","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khan, S.A.","contributorId":87562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fariduddin, Mohammad","contributorId":93506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fariduddin","given":"Mohammad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":17328,"text":"ofr93344 - 1993 - Mesozoic and Cenozoic microfossils from geologic units within the San Jose 1:100,000 quadrangle, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:22","indexId":"ofr93344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-344","title":"Mesozoic and Cenozoic microfossils from geologic units within the San Jose 1:100,000 quadrangle, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93344","usgsCitation":"Sliter, W., McDougall, K., Murchey, B., and Kohnen, E., 1993, Mesozoic and Cenozoic microfossils from geologic units within the San Jose 1:100,000 quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-344, 119 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93344.","productDescription":"119 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0344/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46463,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0344/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46464,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0344/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624fa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sliter, W.V.","contributorId":38997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"W.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDougall, Kristin 0000-0002-8788-3664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3664","contributorId":85610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murchey, B.L.","contributorId":93074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kohnen, E.V.","contributorId":29447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohnen","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":17657,"text":"ofr93319 - 1993 - Seismic refraction data across the Coast Range and Willamette basin in central Oregon; the 1991 Pacific Northwest Experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:23","indexId":"ofr93319","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-319","title":"Seismic refraction data across the Coast Range and Willamette basin in central Oregon; the 1991 Pacific Northwest Experiment","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93319","usgsCitation":"Trehu, A., Azevedo, S., Nabelek, J., Luetgert, J., Mooney, W.D., Asudeh, I., and Isbell, B., 1993, Seismic refraction data across the Coast Range and Willamette basin in central Oregon; the 1991 Pacific Northwest Experiment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-319, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93319.","productDescription":"31 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0319/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0319/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb6f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Azevedo, Steve","contributorId":73874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azevedo","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nabelek, J.N.","contributorId":59464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabelek","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luetgert, J.H.","contributorId":69993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mooney, W. D.","contributorId":72376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Asudeh, Isa","contributorId":66707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asudeh","given":"Isa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Isbell, Brad","contributorId":37348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isbell","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":54554,"text":"wdrGA921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Georgia, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T13:35:51.586824","indexId":"wdrGA921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"GA-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Georgia, water year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>Water-resources data for the 1992 water year for Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; ground-water levels; and precipitation quality. This report contains discharge records of 114 gaging stations; stage for 27 gaging stations; stage and contents for 18 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 143 continuing-record stations; peak stage and discharge only for 101 crest-stage partial-record stations and 7 miscellaneous sites; water levels of 25 observation wells, and water quality for 1 precipitation-quality site. 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,{"id":38501,"text":"pp1386E - 1993 - Glaciers of Europe","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38501,"text":"pp1386E - 1993 - Glaciers of Europe","indexId":"pp1386E","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Glaciers of Europe"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70042384,"text":"pp1386 - 1988 - Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world","indexId":"pp1386","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70042384,"text":"pp1386 - 1988 - Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world","indexId":"pp1386","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T15:29:31.079415","indexId":"pp1386E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1386","chapter":"E","title":"Glaciers of Europe","docAbstract":"<p><span>This chapter, consisting of six independently authored subchapters, including one subchapter, Glaciers of the Alps, that has four independently authored sections, is the fourth to be released in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386, Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World, a series of 11 chapters. In each chapter, remotely sensed images, primarily from the Landsat 1, 2, and 3 series of spacecraft, are used to study the glacierized regions of our planet and monitor glacier changes. Landsat images, acquired primarily during the middle to late 1970’s, were used by an international team of glaciologists and other scientists to study various geographic areas or discuss glaciological topics. In each geographic area the present areal distribution of glaciers was compared, where possible, with historical information about their past extent. The atlas provides an accurate regional inventory of the areal extent of glacier ice on our planet during the 1970’s as part of a growing international scientific effort to measure global environmental change on the Earth’s surface.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the World (Professional Paper 1386)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1386E","usgsCitation":"Rott, H., Scherler, K.E., Reynaud, L., Serandrei Barbero, R., Zanon, G., Serrat, D., Ventura, J., Ostram, G., Haakensen, N., Schytt, V., Liestol, O., and Orheim, O., 1993, Glaciers of Europe (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386, 164 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1386E.","productDescription":"164 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3563,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Jr.","contributorId":83859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":914648,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":914649,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Rott, Helmut","contributorId":344746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rott","given":"Helmut","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scherler, Karl E.","contributorId":344747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherler","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynaud, Louis","contributorId":344749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynaud","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Serandrei Barbero, Rossana","contributorId":344750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serandrei Barbero","given":"Rossana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zanon, Giorgio","contributorId":344751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zanon","given":"Giorgio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Serrat, David","contributorId":344752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serrat","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ventura, Josep","contributorId":344753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ventura","given":"Josep","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ostram, Gunnar","contributorId":344754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostram","given":"Gunnar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Haakensen, Nils","contributorId":344755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haakensen","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schytt, Valter","contributorId":344756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schytt","given":"Valter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Liestol, Olav","contributorId":344757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liestol","given":"Olav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Orheim, Olav","contributorId":210340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orheim","given":"Olav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":26152,"text":"wri934034 - 1993 - Sediment transport simulations for two reaches of the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri934034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4034","title":"Sediment transport simulations for two reaches of the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934034","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., 1993, Sediment transport simulations for two reaches of the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4034, 42 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934034.","productDescription":"42 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54949,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbe8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, J. P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17335,"text":"ofr93409 - 1993 - Methods for collecting algal samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17335,"text":"ofr93409 - 1993 - Methods for collecting algal samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"ofr93409","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Methods for collecting algal samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":50492,"text":"ofr2002150 - 2002 - Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"ofr2002150","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":50492,"text":"ofr2002150 - 2002 - Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"ofr2002150","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-26T10:10:12","indexId":"ofr93409","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-409","title":"Methods for collecting algal samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"Benthic algae (periphyton) and phytoplankton communities are characterized in the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program as part of an integrated physical, chemical, and biological assessment of the Nation's water quality. This multidisciplinary approach provides multiple lines of evidence for evaluating water-quality status and trends, and for refining an understanding of the factors that affect water-quality conditions locally, regionally, and nationally. Water quality can be characterized by evaluating the results of qualitative and quantitative measurements of the algal community. Qualitative periphyton samples are collected to develop of list of taxa present in the sampling reach. Quantitative periphyton samples are collected to measure algal community structure within selected habitats. These samples of benthic algal communities are collected from natural substrates, using the sampling methods that are most appropriate for the habitat conditions. Phytoplankton samples may be collected in large nonwadeable streams and rivers to meet specific program objectives. Estimates of algal biomass (chlorophyll content and ash-free dry mass) also are optional measures that may be useful for interpreting water-quality conditions. A nationally consistent approach provides guidance on site, reach, and habitat selection, as well as information on methods and equipment for qualitative and quantitative sampling. Appropriate quality-assurance and quality-control guidelines are used to maximize the ability to analyze data locally, regionally, and nationally. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ofr93409","usgsCitation":"Porter, S.D., Cuffney, T.F., Gurtz, M.E., and Meador, M., 1993, Methods for collecting algal samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-409, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93409.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1036,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr93-409","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":149890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0409/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":363257,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0409/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, Stephen D.","contributorId":16429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cuffney, Thomas F. 0000-0003-1164-5560 tcuffney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-5560","contributorId":517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuffney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":175973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurtz, Martin E. megurtz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurtz","given":"Martin","email":"megurtz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":175975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":175974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27361,"text":"wri914087 - 1993 - Summary appraisal of water resources of the Umatilla Indian Reservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T07:55:14","indexId":"wri914087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4087","title":"Summary appraisal of water resources of the Umatilla Indian Reservation","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914087","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, J.B., and Bolke, E., 1993, Summary appraisal of water resources of the Umatilla Indian Reservation: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4087, vi, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914087.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56224,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4087/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56225,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4087/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonthier, J. B.","contributorId":63805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonthier","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27133,"text":"wri934159 - 1993 - Estimating net drawdown resulting from episodic withdrawals at six well fields in the coastal plain physiographic province of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri934159","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4159","title":"Estimating net drawdown resulting from episodic withdrawals at six well fields in the coastal plain physiographic province of Virginia","docAbstract":"The groundwater-flow system of the Virginia Coastal Plain consists of areally extensive and interconnected aquifers. Large, regionally coalescing cones of depression that are caused by large withdrawals of water are found in these aquifers. Local groundwater systems are affected by regional pumping, because of the interactions within the system of aquifers. Accordingly, these local systems are affected by regional groundwater flow and by spatial and temporal differences in withdrawals by various users. A geographic- information system was used to refine a regional groundwater-flow model around selected withdrawal centers. A method was developed in which drawdown maps that were simulated by the regional groundwater-flow model and the principle of superposition could be used to estimate drawdown at local sites. The method was applied to create drawdown maps in the Brightseat/Upper Potomac Aquifer for periods of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months for Chesapeake, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Suffolk, and Virginia Beach, Virginia. Withdrawal rates were supplied by the individual localities and remained constant for each simulation period. This provides an efficient method by which the individual local groundwater users can determine the amount of drawdown produced by their wells in a groundwater system that is a water source for multiple users and that is affected by regional-flow systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934159","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M., and Speiran, G., 1993, Estimating net drawdown resulting from episodic withdrawals at six well fields in the coastal plain physiographic province of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4159, iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934159.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55993,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55994,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55995,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55996,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55997,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55998,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55999,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56000,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Speiran, G. K.","contributorId":83534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"G. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27132,"text":"wri934015 - 1993 - Documentation of geographic-information-system coverages and data-input files used for analysis of the geohydrology of the Virginia Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri934015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4015","title":"Documentation of geographic-information-system coverages and data-input files used for analysis of the geohydrology of the Virginia Coastal Plain","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934015","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M., and Samsel, T.B., 1993, Documentation of geographic-information-system coverages and data-input files used for analysis of the geohydrology of the Virginia Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4015, vi, 53 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934015.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55992,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6361d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samsel, T. B. III","contributorId":88782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samsel","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":34572,"text":"b1976 - 1993 - Stratigraphy of the late Proterozoic Murdama Group, Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T16:31:17","indexId":"b1976","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1976","title":"Stratigraphy of the late Proterozoic Murdama Group, Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>The Murdama group is in the upper part of the sequence of Proterozoic layered rocks in the Precambrian shield of Saudi Arabia. It consists of clastic sedimentary rocks and small amounts of limestone and volcanic rocks. The Murdama crops out in the eastern part of the exposed part of the shield, within 200 km of its margin. The principal outcrop area, herein designated the Afif belt, is 600 km long and has a maximum width of 80 km. Two other significant outcrop areas lying to the south are designated the Jabal Hadhah and the Mistahjed belts.</p>\n<p>The Murdama group unconformably overlies older plutonic rocks that range in composition from diorite to granite and volcanic rocks ranging from basalt to rhyolite. It is unconformably overlain in the north part of the Afif belt by sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Jurdhawiyah group, and in many areas is intruded by younger granite.</p>\n<p>In the south part of the Afif belt the Murdama group lies in the Maslum synclinorium, a structure characterized by tight folding near its northwest margin and open folding elsewhere. To the north, the synclinorium is much broken up by faulting, particularly by left-lateral faults of the Najd system.</p>\n<p>Sections on the west flank of the Mast urn synclinorium in the south part of the Afif belt have apparent thicknesses of about 5,300 m at Jabal Murdama, 5,700 m at Jabal Raqabah, and 1 ,400 and 4,000 m at As Sawadah. The strata in these sections consist mostly of greenish-gray, very fine to coarse-grained volcanic arenite that is poorly sorted and consists of angular grains. Basal conglomerates are thin and inconspicuous, but coarse arenite, locally pebbly, predominates in the jabal Raqabah section. A prominent air-fall ash tuff caps Jabal Murdama, and an ash-flow tuff caps Jabal Raqabah.</p>\n<p>Sections on the east flank of the synclinorium have apparent thicknesses of about 2,500 m at Jabal Farida, 3,600 m at Jabal Damkh, 12,400 m at Jabal Zaydi, and 16,800 m, adjusted for folding, at Wadi Sirrah. Jabal Farida and Jabal Damkh are underlain principally by limestone of distinctive tan- and gray-weathering types, which has been named the Farida marble. Limestones of these and other colors occur in all the belts composing the Murdama and form a unifying element. The other sections consist mostly of sandstone similar to that at Jabal Murdama.</p>\n<p>Sections in the north part of the Afif belt have apparent thickness of about 3,300 and 7,600 m at Wadi Jarir, 840 m at Jabal Ajam, 534 and 1,833 m at Jabal Muwasham, about 3,800 m adjusted for folding east of jabal Silsillah, 4,900 m at Jabal Khidar, and 8,400 m at jabal umm Sammah. The Wadi Jarir section consists of sandstone very similar to that at Jabal Murdama, with thin basal conglomerate and local ash tuff. The other sections consist of conglomerate, sandstone, and siltstone.</p>\n<p>The predominance of silicic volcanic lithic grains in Murdama sandstones of the Afif belt indicates a source in a silicic volcanic belt, and discontinuous belts of such rocks lie to the southwest. Paleocurrent indicators also suggest a source from the southwest. In the north part of the belt, the lower part of the Murdama is probably a subaerial mass-movement or fluvial deposit. The strata in the rest of the belt were probably deposited at a prograding lacustrine or marine strandline. Near the northwest edge of the basin, particularly from Jabal Farida north, locally derived conglomerate was deposited and carbonate bank deposition prevailed for a time.</p>\n<p>In the jabal Hadhah belt, limestone is identical to that at Jabal Farida. It is apparently overlain by conglomerate that fines upward to sandstone and may be part of the Murdama.</p>\n<p>Structure in the Mistahjed belt is more complex and the stratigraphic sequence is less certain than in the Afif belt. Murdama rocks have been assigned to a number of formations, and traverses were made across most units. The rocks include sandstone, siltstone, limestone, conglomerate, and volcanic rock; much of the volcanic rock may not be part of the Murdama group.</p>\n<p>The source of sedimentary materials in the Mistahjed belt, as in the Afif belt, appears to be a belt of volcanic rocks lying to the southwest.</p>\n<p>The Junaynah belt of sedimentary rocks lies to the west of the Mistahjed belt. The rocks consist of basal cobble conglomerate grading up to coarse- and finegrained sandstone. These rocks have been assigned to the Murdama group in the past, but I conclude that they should be restricted from it, because their tectonic setting and age appear to be different.</p>\n<p>Radiometric ages suggest an age range of 650 to 615 Ma for the Murdama group, the laterally equivalent Hibshi formation, and the overlying Jurdhawiyah group in the Afif belt. Ages from the Mistahjed belt suggest that the Murdama rocks there are younger than 650 Ma and ages Abstract from the junaynah area suggest that the sedimentary section is younger than 61 0 Ma.</p>\n<p>The Murdama group probably was deposited in a back-arc basin on a continental platform bounded on the west by an active volcanic arc above an east-dipping subduction zone. The position of the subduction zone, which was active during most of the deposition in the Afif belt, is marked by a belt of gabbro and ultramafic rocks herein named the jabal Burqah belt. The subduction zone later stepped out to the southwest to the Nabitah belt, and Murdama strata were deposited in the Jabal Hadhah, Mistahjed, and smaller basins.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1976","usgsCitation":"Greene, R.C., 1993, Stratigraphy of the late Proterozoic Murdama Group, Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1976, Report: v, 59 p.; 2 Plates: 40 x 35 inches and 32 x 28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1976.","productDescription":"Report: v, 59 p.; 2 Plates: 40 x 35 inches and 32 x 28 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":62463,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1976/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"10.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":62464,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1976/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"6.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":62465,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1976/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"33.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":163036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1976/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              46,\n              19\n            ],\n            [\n              46,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              43.5,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              43.5,\n              19\n            ],\n            [\n              46,\n              19\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5598","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, Robert C.","contributorId":36108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17784,"text":"ofr93500 - 1993 - Trace metals in clams (Macoma balthica) and sediments at the Palo Alto mudflat in south San Francisco Bay: June, 1993-May, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T18:10:59.524549","indexId":"ofr93500","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-500","displayTitle":"Trace metals in clams (<i>Macoma balthica</i>) and sediments at the Palo Alto mudflat in south San Francisco Bay: June, 1993-May, 1993","title":"Trace metals in clams (Macoma balthica) and sediments at the Palo Alto mudflat in south San Francisco Bay: June, 1993-May, 1993","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93500","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S., Cain, D., Brown, C.L., and Hornberger, M.I., 1993, Trace metals in clams (Macoma balthica) and sediments at the Palo Alto mudflat in south San Francisco Bay: June, 1993-May, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-500, 52 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93500.","productDescription":"52 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47024,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0500/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0500/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.47283935546874,\n              37.39634613318923\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.91253662109376,\n              37.39634613318923\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.91253662109376,\n              37.79893346559687\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.47283935546874,\n              37.79893346559687\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.47283935546874,\n              37.39634613318923\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6273b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, C. L.","contributorId":35678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":23574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26194,"text":"wri934027 - 1993 - Ground-water quality near an inactive landfill and sludge-spreading area, Tallahassee, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T20:48:14.901961","indexId":"wri934027","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4027","title":"Ground-water quality near an inactive landfill and sludge-spreading area, Tallahassee, Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ground-water quality of a 120-acre area encompassing an inactive landfill southwest of Tallahassee, Florida, was assessed by installing and sampling 21 monitoring wells. Sludge from a municipal sewage-treatment plant was also applied to the land surface near the landfill site. Water samples were collected from the 21 monitoring wells from June 1987 through September 1990 and analyzed for concentrations of major ions, nitrogen species, trace metals, field measurements, and more than 140 organic constituents. Water quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer at the study site was compared to background water quality in other areas of Leon County. Ground-water quality of the study site was evaluated by the location of wells sampled in relation to the landfill and the sludge-spreading areas.</span></p><p>Results of nonparametric statistical analysis indicated that potassium and nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentrations in water samples from wells completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer at the study site were significantly different at the 5 percent probability level from those in samples from background wells completed in this aquifer in Leon County. Median potassium concentrations were 0.4 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in water from wells at the study site and 0.7 mg/L in water from background wells in Leon County. Median nitrite plus nitrate concentrations were 6.48 mg/L in water samples from wells at the study site and 0.51 mg/L in water samples from background wells.</p><p>Graphical comparison of the water quality characteristics in water from six categories of wells; upgradient, landfill, adjacent to the landfill, downgradient onsite, downgradient offsite, and background Leon County, indicated that sodium, bicarbonate, sulfate, iron, manganese, and dissolved solids concentrations and specific conductance values were highest within the landfill. Upgradient and downgradient well categories include wells in areas affected by sludge spreading. Localized reducing conditions were indicated in a downgradient area by median iron concentrations of 930 and 30 ug/L (micrograms per liter) in samples from wells only 5 feet apart. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations were lowest in water from wells in the landfill compared to water from the other categories. Concentrations of most trace elements and organic compounds were mostly below detection limits, although State maximum contaminant levels of 1 ug/L for benzene and vinyl chloride and 3 ug/L for tetrachloroethene were exceeded in 14 samples.</p><p>Concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, nitrite plus nitrate, total organic and ammonia nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen in ground water were statistically analyzed in areas affected by sludge-spreading and other areas. Only nitrite plus nitrate and chloride concentrations were significantly different between the two areas. Median nitrite plus nitrate and chloride concentrations in sludge-spreading areas were 6.9 mg/L and 2.9 mg/L, respectively, compared to 1.1 mg/L and 1.8 mg/L in other areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934027","usgsCitation":"Berndt, M.P., 1993, Ground-water quality near an inactive landfill and sludge-spreading area, Tallahassee, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4027, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934027.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118729,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_93_4027.jpg"},{"id":411740,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47759.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2093,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri934027","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tallahassee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.34145282669172,\n              30.4003834368624\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.34145282669172,\n              30.386901620642476\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.32267853839843,\n              30.386901620642476\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.32267853839843,\n              30.4003834368624\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.34145282669172,\n              30.4003834368624\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545557","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berndt, M. P.","contributorId":74761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17320,"text":"ofr93213 - 1993 - Map of debris-flow hazard in the Honolulu District of Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-29T15:42:22","indexId":"ofr93213","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-213","title":"Map of debris-flow hazard in the Honolulu District of Oahu, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93213","usgsCitation":"Ellen, S.D., Mark, R., Cannon, S.H., and Knifong, D.L., 1993, Map of debris-flow hazard in the Honolulu District of Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-213, iii, 28 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93213.","productDescription":"iii, 28 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1031,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/of93-213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95401,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/of93-213/of93-213_map.pdf","size":"13605","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95400,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/of93-213/of93-213_pamphlet.pdf","size":"3012","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0213/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656d32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, Robert K.","contributorId":30648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"Robert K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":175904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":175905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":21276,"text":"ofr93646 - 1993 - Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; livestock, animal specialities, and irrigation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:48","indexId":"ofr93646","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-646","title":"Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; livestock, animal specialities, and irrigation data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93646","usgsCitation":"Veley, R., 1993, Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; livestock, animal specialities, and irrigation data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-646, 2 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93646.","productDescription":"2 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0646/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50830,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0646/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcc50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veley, R.J.","contributorId":81131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veley","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21277,"text":"ofr93645 - 1993 - Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; thermoelectric power data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:48","indexId":"ofr93645","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-645","title":"Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; thermoelectric power data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93645","usgsCitation":"Veley, R., 1993, Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; thermoelectric power data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-645, 1 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93645.","productDescription":"1 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0645/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50831,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0645/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcc75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veley, R.J.","contributorId":81131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veley","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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