An investigation of the effects of hypothetical residential development in the Graber Pond watershed was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the city of Middleton. The investigation entailed evaluation of the existing (1989) water budget and water-level conditions for the pond and the water-level conditions expected to result from the hypothetical development that may occur by the year 2000. A water-budget model was calibrated to closely match water levels observed from July 18-August 31, 1989. Water input to the pond during this period was computed to be about 2.58 feet. Of this, about 25 percent (0.65 foot) was from direct rainfall on the pond surface, about 19 percent (0.50 foot) was from storm runoff, and about 55 percent (1.43 feet) was discharge from a nearby manufacturing plant. Simulation of the hypothetical development conditions in the watershed predicts that the average late-summer pond level may rise about 0.7 foot.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Middleton, Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"House, L.B., 1993, Simulation of the effects of hypothetical residential development on water levels in Graber Pond, Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4029, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924029.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56617,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Middleton","otherGeospatial":"Graber Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.54132080078125,\n 43.09264728863636\n ],\n [\n -89.54132080078125,\n 43.13381279555054\n ],\n [\n -89.49093818664551,\n 43.13381279555054\n ],\n [\n -89.49093818664551,\n 43.09264728863636\n ],\n [\n -89.54132080078125,\n 43.09264728863636\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, L. B.","contributorId":49386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":63072,"text":"gq1680 - 1993 - Geologic map of the Vanson Peak quadrangle, Lewis, Cowlitz, and Skamania counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:47","indexId":"gq1680","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1680","title":"Geologic map of the Vanson Peak quadrangle, Lewis, Cowlitz, and Skamania counties, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1680","usgsCitation":"Evarts, R.C., and Ashley, R.P., 1993, Geologic map of the Vanson Peak quadrangle, Lewis, Cowlitz, and Skamania counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1680, 1 map :col. ;58 x 40 cm., on sheet 81 x 99 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. +1 booklet (12 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1680.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;58 x 40 cm., on sheet 81 x 99 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. +1 booklet (12 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":102742,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1192.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1192"},{"id":249199,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1680/report.pdf","size":"726","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1680/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25,46.3675 ], [ -122.25,46.5 ], [ -122.11749999999999,46.5 ], [ -122.11749999999999,46.3675 ], [ -122.25,46.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":268282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":268283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27798,"text":"wri924087 - 1993 - Hydrogeology and soil gas at J-Field, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri924087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4087","title":"Hydrogeology and soil gas at J-Field, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"Disposal of chemical warfare agents, munitions, and industrial chemicals in J-Field, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, has contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. Seven exploratory borings and 38 observation wells were drilled to define the hydrogeologic framework at J-Field and to determine the type, extent, and movement of contaminants. The geologic units beneath J-Field consist of Coastal Plain sediments of the Cretaceous Patapsco Formation and Pleistocene Talbot Formation. The Patapsco Formation contains several laterally discontinuous aquifers and confining units. The Pleistocene deposits were divided into 3 hydrogeologic units--a surficial aquifer, a confining unit, and a confined aquifer. Water in the surficial aquifer flows laterally from topographically high areas to discharge areas in marshes and streams, and vertically to the underlying confined aquifer. In offshore areas, water flows from the deeper confined aquifers upward toward discharge areas in the Gunpowder River and Chesapeake Bay. Analyses of soil-gas samples showed high relative-flux values of chlorinated solvents, phthalates, and hydrocarbons at the toxic-materials disposal area, white-phosphorus disposal area, and riot-control-agent disposal area. The highest flux values were located downgradient of the toxic materials and white phosphorus disposal areas, indicating that groundwater contaminants are moving from source areas beneath the disposal pits toward discharge points in the marshes and estuaries. Elevated relative-flux values were measured upgradient and downgradient of the riot-control agent disposal area, and possibly result from soil and (or) groundwater contamination.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S.--ESIC, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924087","usgsCitation":"Hughes, W., 1993, Hydrogeology and soil gas at J-Field, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4087, vii, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924087.","productDescription":"vii, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56635,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, W.B.","contributorId":92263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26556,"text":"wri934038 - 1993 - Ground-water quality of the Upper Floridan Aquifer near an abandoned manufactured gas plant in Albany, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T10:30:30","indexId":"wri934038","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4038","title":"Ground-water quality of the Upper Floridan Aquifer near an abandoned manufactured gas plant in Albany, Georgia","docAbstract":"Manufactured gas plants produced gas for heating and lighting in the United States from as early as 1816 into the 1960's. By-products including, but not limited to, oil residues and tar, were generated during the gas-manufacturing process. Organic compounds (hydrocarbons) were detected in water in the upper water-bearing zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer near an abandoned manufactured gas plant (MGP) in Albany, Georgia, during an earlier investigation in 1990. Chemical analyses of ground-water samples collected from five existing monitoring wells in 1991 verify the presence of hydrocarbons and metals in the upper water-beating zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer. One well was drilled into the lower water-beating zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer in 1991 for water-quality sampling and water-level monitoring. Analyses of ground water sampled from this well did not show evidence of benzene, toluene, xylene, napthalene, acenaphthlene, or other related compounds detected in the upper water-bearing zone in the study area. Low concentrations of tetrachloroethane, trichloromethane, and l,2-cisdichloroethene were detected in a water sample from the deeper well; however, these compounds were not detected in the upper water-bearing zone in the study area. Inorganic constituent concentrations also were substantially lower in the deeper well. Overall, ground water sampled from the lower water-bearing zone had lower specific conductance and alkalinity; and lower concentrations of dissolved solids, iron, and manganese compared to ground water sampled from the upper water-bearing zone. Water levels for the upper and lower water-bearing zones were similar throughout the study period.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934038","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M.J., 1993, Ground-water quality of the Upper Floridan Aquifer near an abandoned manufactured gas plant in Albany, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4038, iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934038.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55423,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4038/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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The District operates a wastewater-treatment plant that discharges through two forested wetland areas and a percolation-pond system into Reedy Creek. Discharges from these wetland systems provide a relatively steady base flow which maintains streamflow in Reedy Creek during periods of low rainfall. Streamflows during the study were characterized by relatively long periods of below-average discharge interspersed with periods of high discharges. The highest mean discharges were recorded in 1988 and the lowest mean discharges were recorded in 1989. Water-quality data collection included the operation of four continuous water-quality monitors recording hourly water temperature, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen concentration, and the collection of water-quality samples. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were similar for all stations on Reedy Creek and frequently were less than the minimum Florida standard of 5.0 mg/L. These low dissolved oxygen concentrations probably are the result of natural conditions. Nutrient analyses of water-quality samples were used to compute loadings into and out of a wetland conservation area in the southern part of the District and in the reach of Reedy Creek downstream from the wastewater discharges. Overall retention percentages for 1986-89, not including atmospheric and precipitation inputs, were 59.1 percent for total ammonia nitrogen: 3.4 percent for total organic nitrogen, which was the predominant nitrogen species: 33.2 percent for total nitrate nitrogen; 27.0 percent for total phosphorus; and 26.0 percent for total organic carbon. Highest loading inputs to the wetland conservation area were from the reach of Reedy Creek receiving wastewater discharge. Discharges from the wetlands receiving wastewater and entering the wetland conservation area during 1988 carried 16.3 percent of the total nitrogen load, and 25.0 percent of the total phosphorus load: during 1989 the discharges carried 22.0 percent of the total N and 21.0 percent of the total P.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. 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The geologic map was originally published as U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1803-H. 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A computer model was used to simulate the two systems. The regional model includes simplifying assumptions that are probably valid for parts of the province; however, the validity of each assumption is unknown for the province as a whole. Therefore, simulation results do not perfectly replicate actual groundwater flow; instead they provide a conceptual evaluation of regional groundwater flow. The model was calibrated by adjusting transmissivity and vertical leakance until simulated water levels and simulated discharge generally agreed with known water levels, mapped areas of discharge, and estimates of discharge. Simulated flow is about 1.5 million acre-ft/yr. Most groundwater flow is simulated in the upper model layer where about 45 shallow flow regions were identified. In the lower layer, 17 deep-flow subregions were identified and grouped into 5 large regions on the basis of water-flow patterns. Simulated flow in this layer is about 28 percent of the total inflow and about half is discharged as springflow. Interbasin flow to several large springs is through thick, continuous, permeable carbonate rocks; elsewhere deep consolidated rocks are not highly transmissive, suggesting that carbonate rocks are not highly permeable everywhere or are not present everywhere. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2291B","usgsCitation":"Luedke, R.G., 1993, Maps showing distribution, composition, and age of early and middle Cenozoic volcanic centers in Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2291, Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 44.08 × 41.00 inches and 44.00 × 41.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2291B.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 44.08 × 41.00 inches and 44.00 × 41.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2291b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91564,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2291b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91562,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2291b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91563,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2291b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107371,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10223.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10223"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.9501953125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -113.9501953125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -113.9501953125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666f75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luedke, R. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gq1729","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K., 1993, Geologic map of the Ennis Lake quadrangle, Madison County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1729, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 39.33 × 30.47 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1729.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 39.33 × 30.47 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":254374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1729/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":248899,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1729/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":248898,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1729/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":398499,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96020.htm"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Madison County","otherGeospatial":"Ennis Lake quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.75,\n 45.375\n ],\n [\n -111.625,\n 45.375\n ],\n [\n -111.625,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -111.75,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -111.75,\n 45.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699955","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}