Since July 2003, Landsat-7 ETM+ has been operating without the scan line corrector (SLC), which compensates for the forward motion of the satellite in the imagery acquired. Data collected in SLC-off mode have gaps in a systematic wedge-shaped pattern outside of the central 22 km swath of the imagery; however, the spatial and spectral quality of the remaining portions of the imagery are not diminished. To explore the continued use of Landsat-7 ETM+ SLC-off imagery to characterize change in forested environments, we compare the change detection results generated from a reference image pair (a 1999 Landsat-7 ETM+ image and a 2003 Landsat-5 TM image) with change detection results generated from the same 1999 Landsat-7 ETM+ image coupled with three different 2003 Landsat-7 SLC-off products: unremediated SLC-off (i.e., with gaps); histogram-based gap-filled; and segment-based gap-filled. The results are compared on both a pixel and polygon basis; on a pixel basis, the unremediated SLC-off product missed 35% of the change identified by the reference data, and the histogram- and segment-based gap-filled products missed 23% and 21% of the change, respectively. When using forest inventory polygons as a context for change (to reduce commission error), the amount of change missed was 31%, 14%, and 12% for the each of the unremediated, histogram-based gap-filled, and segment-based gap-filled products, respectively. Our results indicate that over the time period considered, and given the types and spatial distribution of change events within our study area, the gap-filled products can provide a useful data source for change detection in forested environments. The selection of which product to use is, however, very dependent on the nature of the application and the spatial configuration of change events. ?? 2008 Government of Canada.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","doi":"10.5589/m08-020","issn":"07038992","usgsCitation":"Wulder, M.A., Ortlepp, S.M., White, J.C., and Maxwell, S., 2008, Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 34, no. 1-2, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.5589/m08-020.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c16e4b0c8380cd52a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wulder, Michael A.","contributorId":103584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ortlepp, Stephanie M.","contributorId":28740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortlepp","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Joanne C.","contributorId":63362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maxwell, Susan","contributorId":30354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":77492,"text":"i2600B - 2008 - Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Larsen Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica, 1940-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"i2600B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2600","chapter":"B","title":"Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Larsen Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica, 1940-2005","docAbstract":"Changes in the area and volume of polar ice sheets are intricately linked to changes in global climate, and the resulting changes in sea level could severely impact the densely populated coastal regions on Earth. Antarctica is Earth's largest reservoir of glacial ice. Melting of the West Antarctic part alone of the Antarctic ice sheet would cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 meters (m), and the potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m (Lythe and others, 2001) to 73 m (Williams and Hall, 1993). The mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is highly complex, responding differently to different climatic and other conditions in each region (Vaughan, 2005). In a review paper, Rignot and Thomas (2002) concluded that the West Antarctic ice sheet is probably becoming thinner overall; although it is known to be thickening in the west, it is thinning in the north. The mass balance of the East Antarctic ice sheet is thought by Davis and others (2005) to be positive on the basis of the change in satellite-altimetry measurements made between 1992 and 2003. \r\n\r\nMeasurement of changes in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), in subsequent recommendations by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989, 1993), and by the National Science Foundation's (1990) Division of Polar Programs. On the basis of these recommendations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) decided that the archive of early 1970s Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the subsequent repeat coverage made possible with Landsat and other satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the cryospheric coastline of Antarctica (Ferrigno and Gould, 1987). The availability of this information provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica (Swithinbank, 1988; Williams and Ferrigno, 1988). The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) images [and in some areas Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images], RADARSAT images, aerial photography, and other data where available, to compare changes that occurred during a 20- to 25- or 30-year time interval (or longer where data were available, as in the Antarctic Peninsula). The results of the analysis are being used to produce a digital database and a series of USGS Geologic Investigations Series Maps (I-2600) (Williams and others, 1995; Ferrigno and others, 2002; and Williams and Ferrigno, 2005) (available online at http://www.glaciers.er.usgs.gov). ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2600B","isbn":"9781411319103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the British Antarctic Survey, the Scott Polar Research Institute, and the Bundesamt fur Kartographie und Geodasie","usgsCitation":"Ferrigno, J.G., Cook, A.J., Mathie, A., Williams, R., Swithinbank, C., Foley, K.M., Fox, A.J., Thomson, J.W., and Sievers, J., 2008, Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Larsen Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica, 1940-2005: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600, Report: iv, 28 p.; Map: 51 x 27.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600B.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 28 p.; Map: 51 x 27.5 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1940-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12525,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600/B/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Polar stereographic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,-70 ], [ -78,-65 ], [ -57,-65 ], [ -57,-70 ], [ -78,-70 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Alison J.","contributorId":42665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mathie, Amy M.","contributorId":82803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathie","given":"Amy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fox, Adrian J.","contributorId":68413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thomson, Janet W.","contributorId":32212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sievers, Jorn","contributorId":101753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievers","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":81123,"text":"i2600H - 2007 - Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Northern Ross Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica: 1962-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"i2600H","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2600","chapter":"H","title":"Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Northern Ross Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica: 1962-2004","docAbstract":"Changes in the area and volume of polar ice sheets are intricately linked to changes in global climate, and the resulting changes in sea level could severely impact the densely populated coastal regions on Earth. Melting of the West Antarctic part alone of the Antarctic ice sheet would cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 meters (m). The potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m (Lythe and others, 2001) to 73 m (Williams and Hall, 1993). The mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is highly complex, responding differently to different conditions in each region (Vaughan, 2005). In a review paper, Rignot and Thomas (2002) concluded that the West Antarctic ice sheet is probably becoming thinner overall; although it is thickening in the west, it is thinning in the north. Thomas and others (2004), on the basis of aircraft and satellite laser altimetry surveys, believe the thinning may be accelerating. Joughin and Tulaczyk (2002), on the basis of analysis of ice-flow velocities derived from synthetic aperture radar, concluded that most of the Ross ice streams (ice streams on the east side of the Ross Ice Shelf) have a positive mass balance, whereas Rignot and others (2004) infer even larger negative mass balance for glaciers flowing northward into the Amundsen Sea, a trend suggested by Swithinbank and others (2003a,b; 2004). The mass balance of the East Antarctic ice sheet is thought by Davis and others (2005) to be strongly positive on the basis of the change in satellite altimetry measurements made between 1992 and 2003.\r\n\r\nMeasurement of changes in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), in subsequent recommendations by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989, 1993), and by the National Science Foundation?s (1990) Division of Polar Programs. On the basis of these recommendations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) decided that the archive of early 1970s Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the subsequent repeat coverage made possible with Landsat and other satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the coastline of Antarctica (Ferrigno and Gould, 1987). The availability of this information provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica (Swithinbank, 1988; Williams and Ferrigno, 1988). The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) images (and in some areas Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus [ETM+] images), RADARSAT images, and other data where available, in order to compare changes that occurred during a 20- to 25- or 30-year time interval (or longer where data were available, as in the Antarctic Peninsula). The results of the analysis are being used to produce a digital database and a series of USGS Geologic Investigations Series Maps (I?2600) (Williams and others, 1995; Williams and Ferrigno, 1998; Ferrigno and others, 2002) (available online at http://www.glaciers.er.usgs.gov).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2600H","isbn":"9781411309616","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"Ferrigno, J.G., Foley, K.M., Swithinbank, C., and Williams, R., 2007, Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Northern Ross Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica: 1962-2004: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600, Pamphlet: iv, 11 p.; Plate: 43 x 27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600H.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 11 p.; Plate: 43 x 27 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11145,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2600-h/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Polar Stereographic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 169,-81 ], [ 169,-76 ], [ -158,-76 ], [ -158,-81 ], [ 169,-81 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":81046,"text":"ofr20071143 - 2007 - EL68D Wasteway Watershed Land-Cover Generation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"ofr20071143","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1143","title":"EL68D Wasteway Watershed Land-Cover Generation","docAbstract":"Classification of land cover from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) for the EL68D Wasteway Watershed in the State of Washington is documented. The procedures for classification include use of two ETM+ scenes in a simultaneous unsupervised classification process supported by extensive field data collection using Global Positioning System receivers and digital photos. The procedure resulted in a detailed classification at the individual crop species level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071143","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, S., Usery, E.L., and Finn, M.P., 2007, EL68D Wasteway Watershed Land-Cover Generation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1143, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071143.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":425,"text":"National Geospatial Technical Operations Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10909,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1143/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, Sheila","contributorId":103759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"Sheila","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, Michael P. 0000-0003-0415-2194 mfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2194","contributorId":2657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Michael","email":"mfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81044,"text":"ds318 - 2007 - ASTER-Derived 30-Meter-Resolution Digital Elevation Models of Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T12:18:49.117255","indexId":"ds318","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"318","title":"ASTER-Derived 30-Meter-Resolution Digital Elevation Models of Afghanistan","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is an imaging instrument aboard the Terra satellite, launched on December 19, 1999, as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS). The ASTER sensor consists of three subsystems: the visible and near infrared (VNIR), the shortwave infrared (SWIR), and the thermal infrared (TIR), each with a different spatial resolution (VNIR, 15 meters; SWIR, 30 meters, TIR 90 meters). The VNIR system has the capability to generate along-track stereo images that can be used to create digital elevation models (DEMs) at 30-meter resolution.\r\n\r\nCurrently, the only available DEM dataset for Afghanistan is the 90-meter-resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. This dataset is appropriate for macroscale DEM analysis and mapping. However, ASTER provides a low cost opportunity to generate higher resolution data. For this publication, study areas were identified around populated areas and areas where higher resolution elevation data were desired to assist in natural resource assessments. The higher resolution fidelity of these DEMs can also be used for other terrain analysis including landform classification and geologic structure analysis.\r\n\r\nFor this publication, ASTER scenes were processed and mosaicked to generate 36 DEMs which were created and extracted using PCI Geomatics' OrthoEngine 3D Stereo software. The ASTER images were geographically registered to Landsat data with at least 15 accurate and well distributed ground control points with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less that one pixel (15 meters). An elevation value was then assigned to each ground control point by extracting the elevation from the 90-meter SRTM data. The 36 derived DEMs demonstrate that the software correlated on nearly flat surfaces and smooth slopes accurately. Larger errors occur in cloudy and snow-covered areas, lakes, areas with steep slopes, and southeastern-facing slopes. In these areas, holes, large pits, and spikes were generated by the software during the correlation process and the automatic interpolation method. To eliminate these problems, overlapping DEMs were generated and filtered using a progressive morphologic filter.\r\n\r\nThe quadrangles used to delineate the DEMs in the publication were derived from the Afghan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office's (AGCHO) 1:100,000-scale maps series quadrangles. Each DEM was clipped and assigned a name according to the associated AGCHO quadrangle name. The geospatial data included in this publication are intended to be used with any GIS software packages including, but not limited to, ESRI's ArcGIS and ERDAS IMAGINE.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds318","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., and Warner, M.B., 2007, ASTER-Derived 30-Meter-Resolution Digital Elevation Models of Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 318, Available online and on DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds318.","productDescription":"Available online and on DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10906,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/318/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a477a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, Michael B.","contributorId":26767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80792,"text":"fs20073116 - 2007 - Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"fs20073116","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3116","title":"Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA)","docAbstract":"For most of us, Antarctica was at best a distant acquaintance. 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Regular observations of desert targets in the Saharan and Arabian deserts indicate the no change in the ETM+ reflective band response, though the uncertainty is larger and does not preclude the small changes indicated by lamp 2. The thermal band continues to be stable and well-calibrated since an offset error was corrected in late-2000. Launched in 1984, Landsat-5 TM also continues to acquire global data; though without the benefit of an on-board recorder, data can only be acquired where a ground station is within range. Historically, the calibration of the TM reflective bands has used an onboard calibration system with multiple lamps. The calibration procedure for the TM reflective bands was updated in 2003 based on the best estimate at the time, using only one of the three lamps and a cross-calibration with Landsat-7 ETM+. Since then, the Saharan desert sites have been used to validate this calibration model. Problems were found with the lamp based model of up to 13% in band 1. 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