{"pageNumber":"41","pageRowStart":"1000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":70229101,"text":"70229101 - 2022 - Lessons learned from 20 y of monitoring suburban development with distributed stormwater management in Clarksburg, Maryland, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-15T14:05:49.817277","indexId":"70229101","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-25T06:18:11","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lessons learned from 20 y of monitoring suburban development with distributed stormwater management in Clarksburg, Maryland, USA","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Urban development is a well-known stressor for stream ecosystems, presenting a challenge to managers tasked with mitigating its effects. For the past 20 y, streamflow, water quality, geomorphology, and benthic communities were monitored in 5 watersheds in Montgomery County, Maryland, USA. This study presents a synthesis of multiple studies of monitoring efforts in the study area and new analysis of more recent monitoring data to document the primary lessons learned from monitoring. The monitored watersheds include a forested control, an urban control with centralized stormwater management, and 3 suburban treatment watersheds featuring low-impact development and a high density of infiltration-focused stormwater facilities distributed across the watershed. Treatment watersheds were monitored before development, during construction, and after development. Monitoring was initiated to inform adaptive management of stormwater and impervious cover limits within the study area, with a focus on the impacts of distributed stormwater management. Results from our synthesis indicate that distributed stormwater management is advantageous compared with centralized stormwater management in numerous ways. Hydrologic benefits were greater with distributed stormwater infrastructure, demonstrating the ability to mitigate runoff volumes and peak flows and, for small storms, replicate predevelopment conditions. Baseflow temporarily increased during the construction phase in the treatment watersheds. Water-quality benefits were mixed, with declines in baseflow nitrate concentrations but limited changes to nitrate export and increases in specific conductance after development. Substantial topographic changes occurred during construction in the treatment watersheds, including changes within the riparian zone, despite riparian buffer protections. Ecological monitoring indicated that even though index of biotic integrity scores rebounded in some cases, sensitive benthic macroinvertebrate families did not fully recover in the treatment watersheds. Lessons learned from this synthesis highlight the importance of tracking multiple indicators of stream health and considering past land use and that more stormwater facilities distributed across the watershed is beneficial but cannot mitigate the effects of all urban stressors on aquatic ecosystems.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/719360","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, K.G., Woznicki, S., Williams, B., Stillwell, C.C., Naibert, E., Metes, M.J., Jones, D.K., Hogan, D.M., Hall, N., Fanelli, R., and Bhaskar, A.S., 2022, Lessons learned from 20 y of monitoring suburban development with distributed stormwater management in Clarksburg, Maryland, USA: Freshwater Science, v. 41, no. 3, p. 459-476, https://doi.org/10.1086/719360.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"476","ipdsId":"IP-131019","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719360","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YQFR17","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Lidar-derived digital elevation models in Clarksburg, MD representing the years 2002, 2008, 2013, and 2018"},{"id":396536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Montgomery County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.182,39.3481],[-77.185,39.3423],[-77.1827,39.3341],[-77.1732,39.3205],[-77.1673,39.3127],[-77.1614,39.3077],[-77.1549,39.3023],[-77.1442,39.2973],[-77.1407,39.2932],[-77.1371,39.2864],[-77.1377,39.2832],[-77.133,39.2782],[-77.133,39.2723],[-77.1301,39.2709],[-77.1194,39.27],[-77.1135,39.2659],[-77.1034,39.2668],[-77.0779,39.2585],[-77.0666,39.2535],[-77.0631,39.2463],[-77.0607,39.2399],[-77.0483,39.2385],[-77.0353,39.2257],[-77.0288,39.218],[-77.0188,39.2112],[-77.0134,39.2084],[-77.0111,39.2053],[-77.0111,39.2003],[-77.0111,39.1976],[-77.0111,39.1953],[-77.007,39.193],[-77.007,39.1921],[-77.0052,39.1894],[-77.0052,39.1876],[-77.0064,39.1862],[-77.0077,39.1839],[-77.0082,39.1826],[-77.0059,39.1812],[-77.0053,39.1794],[-77.0059,39.179],[-77.0059,39.1771],[-77.0041,39.1762],[-76.9994,39.1758],[-76.9988,39.1758],[-76.9988,39.1748],[-76.9988,39.1735],[-77,39.1703],[-76.9965,39.1667],[-76.9882,39.1666],[-76.9846,39.1653],[-76.9763,39.163],[-76.9728,39.162],[-76.9722,39.1598],[-76.9734,39.1553],[-76.9752,39.1525],[-76.9734,39.1516],[-76.9693,39.1498],[-76.9634,39.1489],[-76.9581,39.1461],[-76.9551,39.1456],[-76.9527,39.1461],[-76.951,39.1452],[-76.9504,39.1438],[-76.951,39.1425],[-76.9516,39.1402],[-76.9528,39.1384],[-76.9564,39.1375],[-76.9581,39.1371],[-76.9475,39.1311],[-76.9421,39.1334],[-76.938,39.1342],[-76.935,39.1351],[-76.9332,39.1379],[-76.932,39.1378],[-76.9273,39.1378],[-76.9249,39.1351],[-76.9184,39.1319],[-76.9167,39.131],[-76.9119,39.1282],[-76.9031,39.1268],[-76.8971,39.1282],[-76.8923,39.1309],[-76.8882,39.1317],[-76.9535,39.0437],[-76.9655,39.0265],[-76.9978,38.9827],[-77.0085,38.9696],[-77.0415,38.9951],[-77.0445,38.9928],[-77.054,38.9856],[-77.0546,38.9851],[-77.0897,38.9581],[-77.1205,38.9337],[-77.1229,38.936],[-77.1234,38.9365],[-77.1258,38.9391],[-77.1279,38.9411],[-77.1294,38.9423],[-77.1308,38.9438],[-77.1323,38.9455],[-77.1341,38.9482],[-77.1343,38.9488],[-77.1352,38.9507],[-77.1361,38.9523],[-77.1376,38.9546],[-77.1409,38.958],[-77.1413,38.9584],[-77.1455,38.9622],[-77.1472,38.9636],[-77.1488,38.9646],[-77.1548,38.9674],[-77.1553,38.9674],[-77.16,38.9678],[-77.1624,38.9678],[-77.1702,38.9682],[-77.1731,38.9682],[-77.185,38.9684],[-77.1877,38.9685],[-77.1885,38.9685],[-77.1902,38.9685],[-77.192,38.9688],[-77.1949,38.9692],[-77.2008,38.9711],[-77.205,38.9729],[-77.2073,38.9738],[-77.2114,38.9748],[-77.2161,38.9753],[-77.2203,38.9754],[-77.2235,38.9757],[-77.2257,38.9761],[-77.2271,38.9767],[-77.2345,38.9798],[-77.2401,38.9839],[-77.2447,38.9868],[-77.2482,38.9918],[-77.2493,38.9966],[-77.2489,39.0007],[-77.2485,39.0027],[-77.2478,39.0058],[-77.2471,39.0067],[-77.2467,39.0083],[-77.2463,39.0093],[-77.245,39.0124],[-77.2433,39.0148],[-77.2427,39.0175],[-77.2426,39.0198],[-77.2433,39.0233],[-77.2457,39.026],[-77.2483,39.0281],[-77.2508,39.0295],[-77.2521,39.0301],[-77.2551,39.031],[-77.2598,39.0324],[-77.2635,39.0333],[-77.2676,39.0342],[-77.2706,39.0348],[-77.2741,39.0367],[-77.2746,39.037],[-77.2787,39.0397],[-77.2829,39.0424],[-77.2882,39.0461],[-77.2891,39.0467],[-77.2944,39.0502],[-77.297,39.0517],[-77.2989,39.0524],[-77.3048,39.0546],[-77.3064,39.055],[-77.3114,39.0564],[-77.3202,39.0593],[-77.3267,39.061],[-77.3273,39.0611],[-77.3314,39.0617],[-77.3334,39.062],[-77.3361,39.0623],[-77.3439,39.0629],[-77.3444,39.0629],[-77.3464,39.0629],[-77.3545,39.063],[-77.3687,39.0637],[-77.3823,39.0644],[-77.3935,39.066],[-77.4073,39.0685],[-77.4096,39.0687],[-77.4165,39.0695],[-77.428,39.0707],[-77.4372,39.0717],[-77.4409,39.0718],[-77.4431,39.0718],[-77.449,39.0719],[-77.4532,39.0729],[-77.4547,39.0739],[-77.4564,39.0752],[-77.4606,39.0794],[-77.4624,39.0821],[-77.4647,39.087],[-77.4651,39.0878],[-77.4669,39.0903],[-77.4703,39.0954],[-77.4749,39.1006],[-77.4813,39.1079],[-77.4847,39.111],[-77.4872,39.1121],[-77.489,39.1129],[-77.4899,39.1132],[-77.4935,39.1143],[-77.4958,39.1152],[-77.4973,39.1156],[-77.4993,39.1162],[-77.5017,39.1167],[-77.504,39.1174],[-77.5065,39.1182],[-77.5089,39.119],[-77.5104,39.1196],[-77.5176,39.1238],[-77.5199,39.1265],[-77.5204,39.1274],[-77.5221,39.1302],[-77.5238,39.1339],[-77.5243,39.1363],[-77.5246,39.1387],[-77.5246,39.1428],[-77.5228,39.1474],[-77.521,39.1529],[-77.5192,39.1586],[-77.5169,39.1654],[-77.5151,39.1704],[-77.514,39.1723],[-77.5128,39.1736],[-77.511,39.1758],[-77.5104,39.1763],[-77.508,39.1777],[-77.5044,39.1799],[-77.4994,39.1815],[-77.4962,39.1825],[-77.4928,39.1837],[-77.4909,39.1843],[-77.488,39.1854],[-77.4831,39.1872],[-77.4789,39.189],[-77.476,39.1908],[-77.4736,39.1935],[-77.4734,39.1941],[-77.4728,39.1969],[-77.4727,39.1997],[-77.4727,39.2028],[-77.4718,39.2067],[-77.4706,39.2085],[-77.469,39.2102],[-77.4676,39.2117],[-77.4623,39.2153],[-77.4611,39.2162],[-77.4593,39.2176],[-77.4575,39.2198],[-77.4468,39.2248],[-77.2839,39.2999],[-77.182,39.3481]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Montgomery\",\"state\":\"MD\"}}]}","volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, Kristina G. 0000-0003-1699-9384 khopkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-9384","contributorId":195604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Kristina","email":"khopkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woznicki, Sean","contributorId":218281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woznicki","given":"Sean","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Brianna 0000-0003-3389-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3389-8251","contributorId":204714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Brianna","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stillwell, Charles C. 0000-0002-4571-4897","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4571-4897","contributorId":270394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillwell","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naibert, Eric","contributorId":287089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naibert","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61462,"text":"Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Metes, Marina J. 0000-0002-6797-9837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-9837","contributorId":204835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metes","given":"Marina","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Daniel K. 0000-0003-0724-8001 dkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-8001","contributorId":4959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Daniel","email":"dkjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hogan, Dianna M. 0000-0003-1492-4514 dhogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-4514","contributorId":131137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","email":"dhogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hall, Natalie Celeste 0000-0002-6448-162X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6448-162X","contributorId":245015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Natalie Celeste","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Fanelli, Rosemary M. 0000-0002-0874-1925","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-1925","contributorId":206608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanelli","given":"Rosemary M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bhaskar, Aditi S.","contributorId":199824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhaskar","given":"Aditi","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70228829,"text":"70228829 - 2022 - Site- and individual-level contaminations affect infection prevalence of an emerging infectious disease of amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-18T15:17:54.129364","indexId":"70228829","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-23T10:44:44","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site- and individual-level contaminations affect infection prevalence of an emerging infectious disease of amphibians","docAbstract":"Emerging infectious disease outbreaks are one of multiple stressors responsible for amphibian declines globally. In the northeastern United States, ranaviral diseases are prevalent in amphibians and other ectothermic species, but there is still uncertainty as to whether their presence is leading to population level effects. Further, there is also uncertainty surrounding the potential interactions among disease infection prevalence in free-ranging animals and habitat degradation (co-occurrence of chemical stressors). The current study was designed to provide field-based estimates of the relationship between amphibian disease and chemical stressors. We visited 40 wetlands across three protected areas, estimated the prevalence of ranavirus among populations of larval wood frogs and spotted salamanders, and assessed chemical and biological stressors in wetland habitats and larval amphibians using a suite of selected bioassays, screening tools and chemical analyses. Estimated ranavirus occupancy varied among the three protected areas and ranged from 0.27 to 0.55 with considerable variation within each protected area. Of the stressors evaluated, ranavirus prevalence was strongly and positively related to concentrations of metalloestrogens (metals with the potential to bind to estrogen receptors) and total metals in wetland sediments and weakly and negatively related to total pesticide concentrations in larval amphibians. These results can be used by land managers to refine habitat assessments to include such environmental factors with the potential to influence disease susceptibility.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5291","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K., Mosher, B.A., Iwanowicz, L., Loftin, K.A., Boehlke, A., Hladik, M.L., Muletz-Wolz, C., Cortes-Rodriguez, N., Femmer, R., and Campbell Grant, E.H., 2022, Site- and individual-level contaminations affect infection prevalence of an emerging infectious disease of amphibians: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 41, no. 3, p. 781-791, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5291.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"791","ipdsId":"IP-128265","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94MJ027","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Current use pesticides in larval amphibian tissues, amphibian pathogen and wetland sediment screening data from three northeastern National Wildlife Refuges, 2013-2014"},{"id":396359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Massachusetts","city":"Washington, D. C.","otherGeospatial":"Assabett River National Wildlife Refuge, Chesapeake National Historic Park, Ohio Canal National Historic Park, Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge, Patuxent Research Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.54974365234375,\n              38.511639141458616\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.39892578125,\n              38.511639141458616\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.39892578125,\n              39.208847057702286\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54974365234375,\n              39.208847057702286\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54974365234375,\n              38.511639141458616\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.49850845336914,\n              42.414839179192384\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4986801147461,\n              42.40824865050679\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.48494720458984,\n              42.398995393697945\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.48099899291992,\n              42.394178089773995\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4744758605957,\n              42.39341742903455\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.47550582885742,\n              42.391896079897954\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4741325378418,\n              42.39012112596381\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.47310256958008,\n              42.389233630174346\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.47636413574219,\n              42.38086519582321\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.45645141601562,\n              42.37414428190191\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.45524978637695,\n              42.376553748850604\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.45456314086914,\n              42.37845589430018\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.46228790283203,\n              42.37997756917532\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.46537780761717,\n              42.383274404901535\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4631462097168,\n              42.384288781067205\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.46142959594725,\n              42.3903746938846\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.46280288696289,\n              42.39062826078106\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.46228790283203,\n              42.39278353804252\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.46005630493164,\n              42.39341742903455\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.45748138427733,\n              42.396586787960665\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.45301818847656,\n              42.39722064053899\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.44186019897461,\n              42.39620647334055\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.44168853759764,\n              42.40102362155978\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4470100402832,\n              42.40178419010564\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4470100402832,\n              42.404065840426284\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.44254684448242,\n              42.403051783861024\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.44134521484374,\n              42.40710791178006\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.44563674926756,\n              42.41268465946716\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.44786834716797,\n              42.414332240033474\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.45009994506836,\n              42.41712035469828\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4525032043457,\n              42.417247084237765\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.45439147949219,\n              42.418767818735425\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.45112991333008,\n              42.418767818735425\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.45009994506836,\n              42.421175572932114\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.44683837890625,\n              42.420415239489934\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.44769668579102,\n              42.42282293042697\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.46005630493164,\n              42.425990803955095\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.46366119384766,\n              42.42409009904684\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4719009399414,\n              42.42409009904684\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.49850845336914,\n              42.414839179192384\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.62158966064453,\n              42.49083364273358\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61283493041992,\n              42.49450437226655\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6143798828125,\n              42.497162352266436\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61678314208984,\n              42.497035784351965\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61626815795898,\n              42.49880771184271\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61214828491211,\n              42.49880771184271\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61026000976562,\n              42.50361697621681\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60493850708008,\n              42.511969029871565\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60940170288085,\n              42.512728252141144\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60665512084961,\n              42.51703033746236\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6114616394043,\n              42.51880169828029\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61678314208984,\n              42.52272381854158\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62382125854492,\n              42.52348291015486\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.630859375,\n              42.52436850538021\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63034439086914,\n              42.52841678083055\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63463592529297,\n              42.53486817758702\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63274765014647,\n              42.53853632168627\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63017272949219,\n              42.539801149002045\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63034439086914,\n              42.54144538620973\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63206100463867,\n              42.54093947168063\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62897109985352,\n              42.5447337307279\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62450790405272,\n              42.547389574860816\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62322044372557,\n              42.54991884517872\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6202163696289,\n              42.55168927342245\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61618232727051,\n              42.552827379346596\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61721229553223,\n              42.55181573066109\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60768508911133,\n              42.5530802889558\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60759925842285,\n              42.55598867579946\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60124778747559,\n              42.55769570929939\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60056114196777,\n              42.55883370569042\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6004753112793,\n              42.56231078829435\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60313606262206,\n              42.56142573110638\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6022777557373,\n              42.56028778198811\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60562515258789,\n              42.55896014845278\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6063117980957,\n              42.56035100192804\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60725593566895,\n              42.55990846100335\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60837173461914,\n              42.56117285531808\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60184860229492,\n              42.56585089149655\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60210609436035,\n              42.56705195230002\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6033935546875,\n              42.56711516538596\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6033935546875,\n              42.56882189449268\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60553932189941,\n              42.57153992221964\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60794258117676,\n              42.572614458651714\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61171913146973,\n              42.572930495255626\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61163330078125,\n              42.57432103728761\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6129207611084,\n              42.57634358853339\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61420822143555,\n              42.576090773214936\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61412239074707,\n              42.5752691163515\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61566734313965,\n              42.57507950169177\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61635398864746,\n              42.57564834394138\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61789894104004,\n              42.574700270642715\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61815643310547,\n              42.57147671361773\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61729812622069,\n              42.56958042577298\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61300659179686,\n              42.56844262539343\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61094665527344,\n              42.56585089149655\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61171913146973,\n              42.564270513103025\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61420822143555,\n              42.56420729713456\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61686897277832,\n              42.56262687710454\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61712646484375,\n              42.56047744161572\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6158390045166,\n              42.558770484213184\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61360740661621,\n              42.558644041066486\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61412239074707,\n              42.557758931865564\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61515235900879,\n              42.55788537680579\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61601066589355,\n              42.555546103936244\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.61712646484375,\n              42.55409191714403\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62167549133301,\n              42.552764151784146\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63575172424316,\n              42.54814836671712\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.64098739624023,\n              42.54669400755652\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.64030075073241,\n              42.544291079054034\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6374683380127,\n              42.5425836789121\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6360092163086,\n              42.542267488576485\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63806915283203,\n              42.540749752675346\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63678169250488,\n              42.540243832509695\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63712501525879,\n              42.5375244413869\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63712501525879,\n              42.53360325035187\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.64021492004395,\n              42.53145281525401\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63978576660156,\n              42.52885954504175\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63841247558594,\n              42.526392675898414\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63609504699707,\n              42.52386245250289\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63875579833984,\n              42.52240752764733\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63884162902832,\n              42.521395386025674\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63729667663574,\n              42.52145864535741\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63540840148926,\n              42.52272381854158\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63360595703125,\n              42.521585163828675\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63360595703125,\n              42.52044648836423\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6319751739502,\n              42.51892822213158\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63060188293457,\n              42.51886496023797\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63068771362305,\n              42.51797928700229\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63291931152344,\n              42.51677728181794\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63506507873535,\n              42.51551198822448\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63497924804688,\n              42.51513239515078\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63180351257324,\n              42.51519566082317\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63008689880371,\n              42.51557525351259\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6297435760498,\n              42.515005863613844\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63034439086914,\n              42.51355073252568\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62802696228027,\n              42.512728252141144\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62871360778809,\n              42.51158941527828\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63008689880371,\n              42.51177922286311\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63249015808105,\n              42.50988112107605\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63188934326172,\n              42.50861568786181\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63369178771973,\n              42.506780764196904\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63575172424316,\n              42.502794365115726\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6348934173584,\n              42.501781905825354\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.6337776184082,\n              42.50222485878228\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.63188934326172,\n              42.502351416193584\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62631034851074,\n              42.499250685870095\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62751197814941,\n              42.49595994673607\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62854194641113,\n              42.495200520804865\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62837028503418,\n              42.493681641276034\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62837028503418,\n              42.49292218767843\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.62158966064453,\n              42.49083364273358\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L. 0000-0002-1214-4920","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4920","contributorId":214623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosher, Brittany A.","contributorId":189579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"Brittany","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":79382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":221964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boehlke, Adam 0000-0003-4980-431X aboehlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-431X","contributorId":3470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehlke","given":"Adam","email":"aboehlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hladik, Michelle L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":221087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Muletz-Wolz, Carly R.","contributorId":192176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muletz-Wolz","given":"Carly R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cortes-Rodriguez, Nandadevi","contributorId":215883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cortes-Rodriguez","given":"Nandadevi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36858,"text":"Smithsonian","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Femmer, Robin","contributorId":279876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Femmer","given":"Robin","affiliations":[{"id":57380,"text":"previously with the USGS Kansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70240968,"text":"70240968 - 2022 - Occurrence and sources of lead in private wells, Sturbridge, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-03T12:39:51.735588","indexId":"70240968","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-20T06:36:13","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and sources of lead in private wells, Sturbridge, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"abs0010\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"abssec0010\"><p id=\"abspara0010\"><span>Lead (Pb) occurrence and sources and&nbsp;aqueous geochemistry&nbsp;were assessed in private&nbsp;wellhead&nbsp;and tap water at a targeted area of concern for possible exceedances and at a control area in the same geologic formation, and in wells at a nearby landfill in south-central Massachusetts (MA). Total Pb concentrations were below the&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Action Level of 15&nbsp;μg/L in all samples, and about 6% of unfiltered samples contained Pb concentrations that exceeded 1.0&nbsp;μg/L. Pb concentrations were higher under conditions that are acidic and oxic (pH&nbsp;≤&nbsp;6.5 and dissolved oxygen [DO]&nbsp;≥&nbsp;2&nbsp;mg/L), in which minerals that could sequester lead or manganese typically are undersaturated, and adsorption by hydrous ferric oxide is limited. Under more neutral to alkaline conditions, the precipitation of Pb in solid solution series minerals such as (Ca,Pb)CO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and (Ba,Pb)SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−2</sup><span>, and adsorption by amorphous ferric hydroxides, could limit Pb solubility in the&nbsp;bedrock&nbsp;aquifer or in the plumbing. The low Pb concentrations and the absence of distinctive Pb and strontium (Sr) isotope ratio patterns in samples indicate that a nearby landfill is not likely a significant Pb source. Dissolved concentrations of Pb, copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in tap samples were significantly greater than those in wellhead samples, indicating that some Pb is derived from plumbing. Wellhead or tap samples with the highest Pb concentrations also had the greatest corrosivity potential based on the&nbsp;calcite&nbsp;saturation index and the PPGC (Potential to Promote Galvanic Corrosion) and supports the premise that Pb concentrations in tap samples were derived partly from corrosion of plumbing. Concentrations of other constituents, including arsenic (As), uranium (U),&nbsp;Sr, boron (B), and lithium (Li) were not statistically different between the tap and wellhead samples but, apart from Sr, all were statistically higher in the control area than in the target area. This variation in constituent concentrations suggests geochemical variation within the host Paxton Formation, possibly related to faulting and contact with the Ayer&nbsp;granite&nbsp;east of the control area.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105231","usgsCitation":"Santangelo, L.M., Brown, C., Shanley, J.B., Pribil, M., and Rutherford, D., 2022, Occurrence and sources of lead in private wells, Sturbridge, Massachusetts: Applied Geochemistry, v. 139, 105231, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105231.","productDescription":"105231, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127553","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GD75YC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for Occurrence and Sources of Lead in Private Wells, Sturbridge, Massachusetts"},{"id":413653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Sturbridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.1619582938729,\n              42.143969905005605\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.1619582938729,\n              42.04720416156832\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.98076083080052,\n              42.04720416156832\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.98076083080052,\n              42.143969905005605\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.1619582938729,\n              42.143969905005605\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Santangelo, Leah M. 0000-0002-2169-9557","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2169-9557","contributorId":255492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santangelo","given":"Leah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":865523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Craig J. 0000-0002-3858-3964","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-3964","contributorId":210450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Craig J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":865524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":865525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pribil, Michael J. 0000-0003-4859-8673 mpribil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4859-8673","contributorId":141158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pribil","given":"Michael","email":"mpribil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":865526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rutherford, Danny 0000-0003-1013-8006","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-8006","contributorId":201857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"Danny","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":865527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70238946,"text":"70238946 - 2022 - Fishway Entrance Palisade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T16:06:21.874488","indexId":"70238946","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-14T10:01:03","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9958,"text":"Final Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Fishway Entrance Palisade","docAbstract":"This technical report summarizes the work that was conducted by the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), along with other project partners, on the Fishway Entrance Palisade (EP), a projected funded through the Department of Energy’s (DOE) funding opportunity titled ‘Innovative Solutions for Fish Passage at Hydropower Dams’ (DE‐FOA‐0001662). The period of performance ranged from September 1, 2018 through September 30, 2021. \n\nThe EP is a novel fish passage engineering technology designed to provide more favorable entry conditions for fish and to reduce costs relative to conventional fishway auxiliary water systems (AWS). The EP project has four primary components.\n\nFirst, the Northeast United States Auxiliary Water Systems Database was created (Northeast Fishway Auxiliary Water Systems Database Section). The database, developed with material provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, contains information on fishway type (e.g., lift, Denil, pool and weir) and Auxiliary Water System (AWS) details (e.g., water conveyance method, diffuser type) for 60 hydroelectric sites in the region.  Findings indicate that nearly 4 out of every 10 fishway in the region is a fish lift and approximately 1 out of every 4 is a Denil ladder. The remainder are a mix of vertical slot fishways, pool and weirs, and Ice Harbor fishways.  Furthermore, over half of all AWS systems use floor diffusers to discharge the auxiliary (or attraction) water into the entrance of a fishway, whereas only 14% use wall diffusers.\n\nSecond, limited experiments on a conventional AWS with live, actively migrating fish were conducted at the USGS Easter Ecological Science Center (EESC) S.O. Conte Research Laboratory (Conventional Auxiliary Water System Experiments Section). This study determined how water velocity through a wall diffuser, without turning vanes or timber baffles to distribute the flow, affects the behavior and passage of adult American shad, a conservative surrogate species for migratory fish on the East Coast.  Two gross diffuser velocity treatments were examined, 0.5 ft/s and 1.0 ft/s. These wall diffuser velocities represented current (0.5 ft/s) and past (1.0 ft/s) design criteria guidelines set forth by the USFWS North Atlantic-Appalachian Region (Rojas 2020; USFWS 2019). Six trials with a total of 151 American Shad were conducted in June of 2019 for the two treatments. \n\nNo differences in American shad passage efficiency were discovered between the two treatments, while approximately 3 in every 4 attempts were successful at passing the diffuser.  While these results may appear to indicate that the generally accepted gross wall diffuser velocity criteria for American shad of 0.5 ft/s could be safely increased to 1.0 ft/s, further analysis is warranted. Furthermore, it is unknown how other migratory and resident fish species that traverse these structures would be impacted by such a change. \n\nStudying the wall diffuser hydraulics led to an important AWS observation. Without turning vanes or timber baffles in this study, doubling the diffuser area was insufficient at producing the type of flow field change one may expect by halving the gross diffuser velocity. Instead, the flow fields throughout each treatments study area were similar, which led to similar results in shad performance.  This not only highlights the importance of installing flow guidance devices like turning vanes, but also to the importance of properly maintaining them, which can be costly.\n\nThird, more expansive experiments on the novel EP were conducted in the spring of 2019 and 2021 (Fishway Entrance Palisade Experiments). The goal of this study was to determine how adult American shad responded to a variety of conditions at a full-scale EP.  A total of six treatments were examined by changing the average auxiliary channel velocity between 1.0 and 5.0 ft/s in intervals of 1.0 ft/s and by inserting/removing an entrance gate at the opening of the fishway. Thirty trials with a total of 1,273 shad were conducted over the two years.\n\nIn all treatments, at least ~7 out of every 10 fish successfully passed the EP diffuser and swam into the entrance channel within the 3.5-hour long trial, highlighting the general effectiveness of the novel AWS technology. In both study years, lower velocities through the EP diffuser led to increased shad performance, though performance peaked for the 2 ft/s velocity treatment.  This treatment condition represents an approximate six-fold increase in gross diffuser velocity relative to conventional auxiliary water systems, which in turn presents opportunities for cost savings (e.g., reduction in diffuser size).\n\nShad performance, in general, was worse in 2019 than in 2021, potentially due to the different run timing when our trials were conducted (2019 trials occurred near the end of the migration season, unlike in 2021). Treatments in 2019 had approximately a 20% reduction in entrance efficiency by the trial end, including a 16.7% drop for the 3 ft/s velocity treatment in 2019 relative to 2021 (the only carryover treatment between years). \n\nLastly, adding an entrance gate caused a significant delay to entry.  The time to 25% entry raised ~20 minutes from the near instantaneous 25% entry that was reported for the other treatments conducted in the same year (2021).  Though by the end of the 3.5-hour trial, the overall entrance efficiency nearly matched those of the other 2021 treatments.\n\nThe fourth and final component of the EP project was an economic analysis that focused on the cost of attraction and environmental flows (Modeling Power Generation Losses Due to Environmental and Fish Passage Attraction Flows at a Run-Of-River Hydroelectric Operation in the Northeast). The study assessed the economic impact of meeting environmental flow requirements at a representative hydroelectric facility and fish lift in the Northeast. An initial finding of the study was that there is a paucity of published data on the costs of meeting attraction and environmental flows.  This is due, in part, to the proprietary nature of this data.  To explore the costs associated with these flows, three types of environmental flows were assessed: upstream fishway attraction flows, downstream fishway attraction flows, and habitat maintenance minimum flows. A physics-based model was developed and calibrated with three years of hourly generation and flow data as inputs. Gage flow inputs were adjusted and used to calculate power generated. To address hydrologic variability, the model was executed to simulate 30 years of historical flows.\n\nResults indicate that both interannual and seasonal climatic factors impact the costs of meeting environmental flow requirements. Generation potential is most strongly curtailed during dry years in terms of maximizing the capacity factor (the percent of time a plant generates at capacity). Dry years, and especially dry summers, have the most significant costs associated with mitigation flows. Of the three types of flows, habitat flows are most costly in terms of power production, followed by upstream attraction flows. Downstream attraction flows are least costly. This finding is the likely result of differences in both flow rates and duration of the seasonal requirement for each flow. Overall, environmental flows represented a 2-12% loss in annual generation, but losses during a dry summer can reach over 20%.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi":"10.2172/1905243","usgsCitation":"Mulligan, K., Palmer, R., Towler, B., Haro, A., Lake, B., Rojas, M., and Lotter, E., 2022, Fishway Entrance Palisade: Final Technical Report, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.2172/1905243.","productDescription":"23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-138003","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1905243","text":"External Repository"},{"id":411632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.05182598949801,\n              44.89319311674552\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.3175817931259,\n              47.33465807108087\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.24621769928491,\n              47.283640086042396\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.6255546394362,\n              45.53467504444376\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.37060956424577,\n              44.92914333096371\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.12438010438365,\n              34.6176223177726\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.40129683431417,\n              31.8360293402377\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.74355199471707,\n              35.10791041480914\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.21833415636709,\n              38.125898555273295\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.87164643954584,\n              40.72488283550473\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8736057821464,\n              41.750002105411085\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.47472444522607,\n              43.094355406979275\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.05182598949801,\n              44.89319311674552\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulligan, Kevin B. 0000-0002-3534-4239 kmulligan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3534-4239","contributorId":177024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulligan","given":"Kevin","email":"kmulligan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, Richard","contributorId":202903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Towler, Brett","contributorId":141164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Towler","given":"Brett","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haro, Alexander 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":139198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lake, Bjorn","contributorId":300039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lake","given":"Bjorn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rojas, Marcia","contributorId":300040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rojas","given":"Marcia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lotter, Elizabeth","contributorId":300041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lotter","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70228617,"text":"70228617 - 2022 - Parcel-level risk affects wildfire outcomes: Insights from pre-fire rapid assessment data for homes destroyed in 2020 East Troublesome Fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T13:18:51.978013","indexId":"70228617","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-12T07:15:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5678,"text":"Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parcel-level risk affects wildfire outcomes: Insights from pre-fire rapid assessment data for homes destroyed in 2020 East Troublesome Fire","docAbstract":"<div class=\"art-abstract in-tab hypothesis_container\">Parcel-level risk (PLR) describes how wildfire risk varies from home to home based on characteristics that relate to likely fire behavior, the susceptibility of homes to fire, and the ability of firefighters to safely access properties. Here, we describe the WiRē Rapid Assessment (RA), a parcel-level rapid wildfire risk assessment tool designed to evaluate PLR with a small set of measures for all homes in a community. We investigate the relationship between 2019 WiRē RA data collected in the Columbine Lake community in Grand County, Colorado, and whether assessed homes were destroyed in the 2020 East Troublesome Fire. We find that the overall parcel-level risk scores, as well as many individual attributes, relate to the chance that a home was destroyed. We also find strong evidence of risk spillovers across neighboring properties. The results demonstrate that even coarsely measured RA data capture meaningful differences in wildfire risk across a community. The findings also demonstrate the importance of accounting for multiple aspects of PLR, including both hazards and susceptibility, when assessing the risk of wildfire to homes and communities. Finally, the results underscore that relatively small actions by residents before a fire can influence wildfire outcomes.<span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span></span></span></div>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/fire5010024","usgsCitation":"Meldrum, J., Barth, C.M., Goolsby, J.B., Olson, S.K., Gosey, A.C., White, J., Brenkert-Smith, H., Champ, P.A., and Gomez, J., 2022, Parcel-level risk affects wildfire outcomes: Insights from pre-fire rapid assessment data for homes destroyed in 2020 East Troublesome Fire: Fire, v. 5, no. 1, 24, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/fire5010024.","productDescription":"24, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132680","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fire5010024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Columbine Lake, Grand Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.94940185546875,\n              40.14633904771964\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.743408203125,\n              40.14633904771964\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.743408203125,\n              40.34131069983192\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.94940185546875,\n              40.34131069983192\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.94940185546875,\n              40.14633904771964\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meldrum, James R. 0000-0001-5250-3759 jmeldrum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-3759","contributorId":195484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meldrum","given":"James","email":"jmeldrum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barth, Christopher M.","contributorId":195487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, Julia B. 0000-0002-2229-5685","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-5685","contributorId":269631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, Schelly K.","contributorId":278599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Schelly","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":57242,"text":"Grand County Wildfire Council / Grand Fire Protection District No. 1","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gosey, Adam C.","contributorId":278600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gosey","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":57242,"text":"Grand County Wildfire Council / Grand Fire Protection District No. 1","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, James (Brad)","contributorId":278601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"James (Brad)","affiliations":[{"id":57242,"text":"Grand County Wildfire Council / Grand Fire Protection District No. 1","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brenkert-Smith, Hannah 0000-0001-6117-8863","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-8863","contributorId":195485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkert-Smith","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Champ, Patricia A.","contributorId":195486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champ","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gomez, Jamie","contributorId":218078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gomez","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38125,"text":"West Region Wildfire Council","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70228168,"text":"70228168 - 2022 - Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater used as a source of drinking water in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-17T16:48:46.028922","indexId":"70228168","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-07T13:34:18","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater used as a source of drinking water in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"In 2019, 254 samples were collected from five aquifer systems to evaluate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) occurrence in groundwater used as a source of drinking water in the eastern United States. The samples were analyzed for 24 PFAS, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pharmaceuticals, and tritium. Fourteen of the 24 PFAS were detected in groundwater, with 60% and 20% of public-supply and domestic wells, respectively, containing at least one PFAS detection. Concentrations of tritium, chloride, sulfate, DOC, and manganese+iron; percent urban land use within 500 m of the wells; and VOC and pharmaceutical detection frequencies were significantly higher in samples containing PFAS detections than in samples with no detections. Boosted Regression Tree models that consider 57 chemical and land-use variables show that tritium concentration, distance to the nearest fire-training area, percentage of urban land use, and DOC and VOC concentrations are the top five predictors of PFAS detections, consistent with hydrologic position, geochemistry, and land use being important controls on PFAS occurrence in groundwater. Model results indicate it may be possible to predict PFAS detections in groundwater using existing data sources.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.1c04795","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Tokranov, A.K., Bexfield, L.M., Lindsey, B.D., Johnson, T., Lombard, M.A., and Watson, E., 2022, Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater used as a source of drinking water in the eastern United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 56, no. 4, p. 2279-2288, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04795.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2279","endPage":"2288","ipdsId":"IP-129437","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448872,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04795","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R7UJYV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical and Geospatial Data for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Groundwater Used As a Source of Drinking Water in the Eastern United States"},{"id":395563,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Glacial aquifer, Mississippi Embayment aquifer, Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer, Stream Valley aquifer, Surfical aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.806640625,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.57617187499999,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.3125,\n              42.22851735620852\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.3125,\n              42.74701217318067\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.90625,\n              43.89789239125797\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.8515625,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.70898437499999,\n              44.96479793033101\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.8515625,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.015625,\n              44.33956524809713\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.3671875,\n              43.389081939117496\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.806640625,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.486328125,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9697265625,\n              41.11246878918088\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8486328125,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.03515625,\n              40.1452892956766\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.353515625,\n              38.85682013474361\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.0341796875,\n              38.95940879245423\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7587890625,\n              38.13455657705411\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3408203125,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0986328125,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0986328125,\n              32.99023555965106\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2197265625,\n              31.541089879585808\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.5166015625,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.07714843749999,\n              31.952162238024975\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.2529296875,\n              33.54139466898275\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3408203125,\n              34.66935854524543\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.154296875,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.5283203125,\n              37.61423141542417\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.671875,\n              37.71859032558816\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.1337890625,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              38.58252615935333\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1455078125,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.95898437499999,\n              40.04443758460856\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.080078125,\n              41.04621681452063\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.16796875,\n              41.83682786072714\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.486328125,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.8486328125,\n              33.063924198120645\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5078125,\n              33.063924198120645\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5185546875,\n              32.175612478499325\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.265625,\n              31.090574094954192\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8701171875,\n              29.611670115197377\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1669921875,\n              27.68352808378776\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5517578125,\n              26.352497858154024\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37597656249999,\n              25.64152637306577\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7607421875,\n              25.720735134412106\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8046875,\n              27.254629577800063\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37597656249999,\n              29.036960648558267\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1669921875,\n              30.56226095049944\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              32.287132632616384\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8046875,\n              32.43561304116276\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.27734374999999,\n              33.137551192346145\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8486328125,\n              33.063924198120645\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.44140625,\n              27.254629577800063\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.44140625,\n              26.78484736105119\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.001953125,\n              26.115985925333536\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5185546875,\n              25.48295117535531\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9912109375,\n              25.363882272740256\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1669921875,\n              26.15543796871355\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.82617187499999,\n              27.059125784374068\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.44140625,\n              27.254629577800063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tokranov, Andrea K. 0000-0003-4811-8641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-8641","contributorId":255483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokranov","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":175346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":201888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lombard, Melissa A. 0000-0001-5924-6556 mlombard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5924-6556","contributorId":198254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Melissa","email":"mlombard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watson, Elise 0000-0003-2213-4707","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2213-4707","contributorId":206381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Elise","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70230063,"text":"70230063 - 2022 - Rainfall an unlikely trigger of Kilauea’s 2018 rift eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T13:47:26.611874","indexId":"70230063","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-02T08:34:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rainfall an unlikely trigger of Kīlauea’s 2018 rift eruption","title":"Rainfall an unlikely trigger of Kilauea’s 2018 rift eruption","docAbstract":"<p><span>If volcanic eruptions could be forecast from the occurrence of some external process, it might be possible to better mitigate risk and protect lives and livelihoods. Farquharson and Amelung</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d13005269e462\" title=\"Farquharson, J. I. &amp; Amelung, F. Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kīlauea Volcano. Nature 580, 491–495 (2020).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04163-1#ref-CR1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04163-1#ref-CR1\">1</a></sup><span>&nbsp;suggested that the 2018 lower East Rift Zone (ERZ) eruption of Kīlauea Volcano—the most destructive eruption in Hawai‘i in at least 200 years</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d13005269e466\" title=\"Neal, C. A. et al. The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano. Science 363, 367–374 (2019).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04163-1#ref-CR2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04163-1#ref-CR2\">2</a></sup><span>—was triggered by extreme precipitation, which caused&nbsp;increased pore pressure that resulted in mechanical weakening of the volcano. Here we argue that Kīlauea’s 2018 eruption was instead caused by significant pre-eruptive pressurization, that pre-eruptive rainfall was not extreme, and that there is no significant correlation between rain and eruptions at Kīlauea. Understanding the causal mechanisms of volcanic eruptions is vital for hazard assessment and mitigation, and misattribution may compromise monitoring, preparedness, communication and response efforts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/s41586-021-04163-1","usgsCitation":"Poland, M., Hurwitz, S., Kauahikaua, J.P., Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Anderson, K.R., Johanson, I.A., Patrick, M.R., and Neal, C.A., 2022, Rainfall an unlikely trigger of Kilauea’s 2018 rift eruption: Nature, v. 602, no. 7895, p. E7-E10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04163-1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"E7","endPage":"E10","ipdsId":"IP-119030","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.511474609375,\n              19.21780295966795\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.8,\n              19.21780295966795\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.8,\n              19.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.511474609375,\n              19.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.511474609375,\n              19.21780295966795\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"602","issue":"7895","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":49920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montgomery-Brown, Emily K. 0000-0001-6787-2055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-2055","contributorId":214074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery-Brown","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Kyle R. 0000-0001-8041-3996 kranderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-3996","contributorId":3522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kyle","email":"kranderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johanson, Ingrid A. 0000-0002-6049-2225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6049-2225","contributorId":215613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johanson","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825 tneal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":131135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina","email":"tneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70227605,"text":"cir1489 - 2022 - National assessment of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and associated carbon dioxide retention resources — Results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-16T19:44:20.869218","indexId":"cir1489","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1489","displayTitle":"National Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery and Associated Carbon Dioxide Retention Resources—Results","title":"National assessment of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and associated carbon dioxide retention resources — Results","docAbstract":"<p>In 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a probabilistic assessment of the volume of technically recoverable oil resources available if current carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR) technologies were applied to amenable oil reservoirs underlying the onshore and State waters areas of the conterminous United States. The assessment also includes estimates of the mass of CO<sub>2</sub> that could be stored (retained) as a result of CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR activities. The USGS assessment team evaluated more than 3,500 oil reservoirs that were miscible to injected CO<sub>2</sub>. The assessed reservoirs are in 185 previously defined USGS plays in 33 petroleum provinces of 7 national regions. The assessment team estimated that the technically recoverable oil associated with CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR ranges from approximately 25,000 million barrels (MMbbl) at the P<sub>5</sub> percentile to as much as 32,000 MMbbl at the P<sub>95</sub> percentile, with a mean of 29,000 MMbbl. The associated CO<sub>2</sub> retention ranges from approximately 7,400 million metric tons (Mt) at the P<sub>5</sub> percentile to as much as 9,500 Mt at the P<sub>95</sub> percentile, with a mean of 8,400 Mt. The West Texas and Eastern New Mexico region and the Gulf Coast region together contain 60 percent of the mean assessed CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR oil potential and 61 percent of the mean assessed CO<sub>2</sub> retention. Other regions with significant resource potential include the Midcontinent region and Rocky Mountains and Northern Great Plains region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1489","programNote":"Energy Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Attanasi, E.D., Blondes, M.S., Brennan, S.T., Buursink, M.L., Cahan, S.M., Doolan, C.A., Freeman, P.A., Karacan, C.Ö., Lohr, C.D., Merrill, M.D., Olea, R.A., Shelton, J.L., Slucher, E.R., and Varela, B.A., 2022, National assessment of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and associated carbon dioxide retention resources—Results: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1489, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1489.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 39 p.; Data release","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-122375","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501193,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112323.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395079,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213057","text":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2021–3057","linkHelpText":"- National Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery and Associated Carbon Dioxide Retention Resources—Summary"},{"id":395078,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AG37KI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"National assessment of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and associated carbon dioxide retention resources—Data"},{"id":395077,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1489/cir1489.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIRC 1489"},{"id":395076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1489/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Continental United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.64,\n                48.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.32914,\n                48.67074\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.63087,\n                48.60926\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.61,\n                48.45\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.64,\n                48.14\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.83,\n                48.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.6,\n                48.01\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.27292,\n                48.01981\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.37811,\n                48.30292\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.43979,\n                47.94\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.46199,\n                47.55334\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.65236,\n                47.22022\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.87608,\n                46.90008\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.77924,\n                46.6371\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.54375,\n                46.53868\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.6049,\n                46.4396\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.3367,\n                46.40877\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.14212,\n                46.51223\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.09185,\n                46.27542\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.89077,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.61613,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.46955,\n                45.99469\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.59285,\n                45.81689\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.55092,\n                45.34752\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.33776,\n                44.44\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.13764,\n                43.57109\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43,\n                42.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.9,\n                42.43\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.12,\n                42.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.142,\n                41.97568\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.02981,\n                41.8328\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.69009,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43928,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.27775,\n                42.20903\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.24745,\n                42.3662\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.93936,\n                42.86361\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.92,\n                42.965\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.01,\n                43.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.17167,\n                43.46634\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.72028,\n                43.62509\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.73789,\n                43.62906\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.82003,\n                43.62878\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.5,\n                44.01846\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.375,\n                44.09631\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.31821,\n                44.81645\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.867,\n                45.00048\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.34783,\n                45.00738\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.50506,\n                45.0082\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.405,\n                45.255\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.08482,\n                45.30524\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.66,\n                45.46\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.305,\n                45.915\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.99997,\n                46.69307\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.23722,\n                47.44778\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.905,\n                47.185\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.23444,\n                47.35486\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79046,\n                47.06636\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79134,\n                45.70281\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.13741,\n                45.13753\n              ],\n              [\n                -66.96466,\n                44.8097\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.03252,\n                44.3252\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.06,\n                43.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.11617,\n                43.68405\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64548,\n                43.09024\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.81489,\n                42.8653\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.825,\n                42.335\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.495,\n                41.805\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.08,\n                41.78\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.185,\n                42.145\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.88497,\n                41.92283\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.96503,\n                41.63717\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64,\n                41.475\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.12039,\n                41.49445\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.86,\n                41.32\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.295,\n                41.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.87643,\n                41.22065\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.71,\n                40.9311\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.24126,\n                41.11948\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.945,\n                40.93\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.345,\n                40.63\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.982,\n                40.628\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.95232,\n                40.75075\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.25671,\n                40.47351\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.96244,\n                40.42763\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.17838,\n                39.70926\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.90604,\n                38.93954\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.98041,\n                39.1964\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.20002,\n                39.24845\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.52805,\n                39.4985\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.32,\n                38.96\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.07183,\n                38.78203\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.05673,\n                38.40412\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.37747,\n                38.01551\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.94023,\n                37.21689\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.03127,\n                37.2566\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72205,\n                37.93705\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.23287,\n                38.31921\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.35,\n                39.15\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.54272,\n                38.71762\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.32933,\n                38.08326\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.99,\n                38.23999\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.30162,\n                37.91794\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.25874,\n                36.9664\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.9718,\n                36.89726\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.86804,\n                36.55125\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72749,\n                35.55074\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.36318,\n                34.80854\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.39763,\n                34.51201\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.05496,\n                33.92547\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.55435,\n                33.86133\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.06067,\n                33.49395\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.20357,\n                33.15839\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.30132,\n                32.50935\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.86498,\n                32.0333\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33629,\n                31.44049\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.49042,\n                30.72999\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.31371,\n                30.03552\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.98,\n                29.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53558,\n                28.47213\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53,\n                28.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.05654,\n                26.88\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.08801,\n                26.20576\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.13156,\n                25.81677\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.38103,\n                25.20616\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.68,\n                25.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.17213,\n                25.20126\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33,\n                25.64\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.71,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.24,\n                26.73\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.70515,\n                27.49504\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.85526,\n                27.88624\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.65,\n                28.55\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.93,\n                29.1\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.70959,\n                29.93656\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.1,\n                30.09\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.10882,\n                29.63615\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.28784,\n                29.68612\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.7731,\n                30.15261\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.4,\n                30.4\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.53036,\n                30.27433\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.41782,\n                30.3849\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.18049,\n                30.31598\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.59383,\n                30.15999\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.41373,\n                29.89419\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.43,\n                29.48864\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.21767,\n                29.29108\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.40823,\n                29.15961\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.77928,\n                29.30714\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.15463,\n                29.11743\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.88022,\n                29.14854\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.62678,\n                29.677\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.49906,\n                29.5523\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.22637,\n                29.78375\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.84842,\n                29.71363\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.69,\n                29.48\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.60026,\n                28.73863\n              ],\n              [\n                -96.59404,\n                28.30748\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                27.83\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.37,\n                27.38\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.38,\n                26.69\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.33,\n                26.21\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.53,\n                25.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -98.24,\n                26.06\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.02,\n                26.37\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.3,\n                26.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.52,\n                27.54\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.11,\n                28.11\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.45584,\n                28.69612\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.9576,\n                29.38071\n              ],\n              [\n                -101.6624,\n                29.7793\n              ],\n              [\n                -102.48,\n                29.76\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.11,\n                28.97\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.94,\n                29.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.45697,\n                29.57196\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.70575,\n                30.12173\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.03737,\n                30.64402\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.63159,\n                31.08383\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.1429,\n                31.39995\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.50759,\n                31.75452\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24,\n                31.75485\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24194,\n                31.34222\n              ],\n              [\n                -109.035,\n                31.34194\n              ],\n              [\n                -111.02361,\n                31.33472\n              ],\n              [\n                -113.30498,\n                32.03914\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.815,\n                32.52528\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.72139,\n                32.72083\n              ],\n              [\n                -115.99135,\n                32.61239\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.12776,\n                32.53534\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.29594,\n                33.04622\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.944,\n                33.62124\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.4106,\n                33.74091\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.51989,\n                34.02778\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.081,\n                34.078\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.43884,\n                34.34848\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.36778,\n                34.44711\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.62286,\n                34.60855\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.74433,\n                35.15686\n              ],\n              [\n                -121.71457,\n                36.16153\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.54747,\n                37.55176\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.51201,\n                37.78339\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.95319,\n                38.11371\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.7272,\n                38.95166\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.86517,\n                39.76699\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39807,\n                40.3132\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.17886,\n                41.14202\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.2137,\n                41.99964\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.53284,\n                42.76599\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.14214,\n                43.70838\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.02053,\n                44.6159\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.89893,\n                45.52341\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.07963,\n                46.86475\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39567,\n                47.72017\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.68721,\n                48.18443\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.5661,\n                48.37971\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.12,\n                48.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.58736,\n                47.096\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.34,\n                47.36\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.5,\n                48.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.84,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -120,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.03121,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -116.04818,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -113,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -110.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -107.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.04826,\n                48.99986\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.65,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.22872,\n                49.0007\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15907,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Program Coordinator, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/energy-and-minerals/energy-resources-program/connect\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/energy-and-minerals/energy-resources-program/connect\">Energy Resources Program</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, VA 20192<br>Telephone: 703–648–6470</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>National Subdivisions</li><li>Data Sources</li><li>Assessment Process</li><li>Results of the Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery and Associated Carbon Dioxide Retention Resources</li><li>Discussion of Results</li><li>Comparison of Results With Findings From Previous Assessments</li><li>Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Glossary</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2022-02-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":207248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X mbuursink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":3362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc","email":"mbuursink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cahan, Steven M. 0000-0002-4776-3668 scahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-3668","contributorId":4529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahan","given":"Steven","email":"scahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doolan, Colin A. 0000-0002-7595-7566 cdoolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-7566","contributorId":3046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doolan","given":"Colin","email":"cdoolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Karacan, C. Ozgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":201991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ozgen","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":174817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":208109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Shelton, Jenna L. 0000-0002-1377-0675 jlshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-0675","contributorId":5025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jenna L.","email":"jlshelton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Slucher, Ernie R. 0000-0002-5865-5734 eslucher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-5734","contributorId":3966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slucher","given":"Ernie","email":"eslucher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Varela, Brian A. 0000-0001-9849-6742 bvarela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-6742","contributorId":178091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varela","given":"Brian","email":"bvarela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70227601,"text":"fs20213057 - 2022 - National assessment of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and associated carbon dioxide retention resources — Summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T14:46:01.13385","indexId":"fs20213057","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-3057","displayTitle":"National Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery and Associated Carbon Dioxide Retention Resources—Summary","title":"National assessment of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and associated carbon dioxide retention resources — Summary","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1><p>In 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a probabilistic assessment of the volume of technically recoverable oil resources that might be produced by using current carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR) technologies in amenable conventional oil reservoirs underlying the onshore and State waters areas of the conterminous United States. The assessment also includes estimates of the mass of CO<sub>2</sub> that could be stored (retained) in the assessed oil reservoirs following the application of the CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR process. The USGS assessment team evaluated more than 3,500 oil reservoirs that were miscible to injected CO<sub>2</sub>. The assessed reservoirs are in 185 previously defined USGS plays in 33 petroleum provinces of 7 national regions. The team estimated that the total technically recoverable oil resulting from the application of the CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR process ranges from approximately 25,000 million barrels (MMbbl) at the P<sub>5</sub> percentile to as much as 32,000 MMbbl at the P<sub>95</sub> percentile, with a mean of 29,000 MMbbl. The associated CO<sub>2</sub> retention ranges from approximately 7,400 million metric tons (Mt) at the P<sub>5</sub> percentile to as much as 9,500 Mt at the P<sub>95</sub> percentile, with a mean of 8,400 Mt. The results are summarized in this fact sheet and are provided in more detail in the companion data release and circular.</p><p>The West Texas and Eastern New Mexico region (primarily its Permian Basin) and the Gulf Coast region together contain 60 percent of the mean assessed CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR oil potential and 61 percent of the mean assessed CO<sub>2</sub> retention. Other regions with significant resource potential include the Midcontinent region and the Rocky Mountains and Northern Great Plains region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20213057","programNote":"Energy Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Attanasi, E.D., Blondes, M.S., Brennan, S.T., Buursink, M.L., Cahan, S.M., Doolan, C.A., Freeman, P.A., Karacan, C.Ö., Lohr, C.D., Merrill, M.D., Olea, R.A., Shelton, J.L., Slucher, E.R., and Varela, B.A., 2022, National assessment of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and associated carbon dioxide retention resources—Summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2021–3057, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213057.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-122387","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3057/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":395072,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3057/fs20213057.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2021-3057"},{"id":395073,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1489","text":"U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1489","linkHelpText":"- National Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery and Associated Carbon Dioxide Retention Resources—Results"},{"id":395074,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AG37KI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"National assessment of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery and associated carbon dioxide retention resources—Data"},{"id":501481,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112324.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Continental United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.64,\n                48.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.32914,\n                48.67074\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.63087,\n                48.60926\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.61,\n                48.45\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.64,\n                48.14\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.83,\n                48.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.6,\n                48.01\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.27292,\n                48.01981\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.37811,\n                48.30292\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.43979,\n                47.94\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.46199,\n                47.55334\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.65236,\n                47.22022\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.87608,\n                46.90008\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.77924,\n                46.6371\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.54375,\n                46.53868\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.6049,\n                46.4396\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.3367,\n                46.40877\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.14212,\n                46.51223\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.09185,\n                46.27542\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.89077,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.61613,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.46955,\n                45.99469\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.59285,\n                45.81689\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.55092,\n                45.34752\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.33776,\n                44.44\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.13764,\n                43.57109\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43,\n                42.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.9,\n                42.43\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.12,\n                42.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.142,\n                41.97568\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.02981,\n                41.8328\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.69009,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43928,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.27775,\n                42.20903\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.24745,\n                42.3662\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.93936,\n                42.86361\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.92,\n                42.965\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.01,\n                43.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.17167,\n                43.46634\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.72028,\n                43.62509\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.73789,\n                43.62906\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.82003,\n                43.62878\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.5,\n                44.01846\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.375,\n                44.09631\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.31821,\n                44.81645\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.867,\n                45.00048\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.34783,\n                45.00738\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.50506,\n                45.0082\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.405,\n                45.255\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.08482,\n                45.30524\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.66,\n                45.46\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.305,\n                45.915\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.99997,\n                46.69307\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.23722,\n                47.44778\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.905,\n                47.185\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.23444,\n                47.35486\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79046,\n                47.06636\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79134,\n                45.70281\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.13741,\n                45.13753\n              ],\n              [\n                -66.96466,\n                44.8097\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.03252,\n                44.3252\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.06,\n                43.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.11617,\n                43.68405\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64548,\n                43.09024\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.81489,\n                42.8653\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.825,\n                42.335\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.495,\n                41.805\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.08,\n                41.78\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.185,\n                42.145\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.88497,\n                41.92283\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.96503,\n                41.63717\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64,\n                41.475\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.12039,\n                41.49445\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.86,\n                41.32\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.295,\n                41.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.87643,\n                41.22065\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.71,\n                40.9311\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.24126,\n                41.11948\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.945,\n                40.93\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.345,\n                40.63\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.982,\n                40.628\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.95232,\n                40.75075\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.25671,\n                40.47351\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.96244,\n                40.42763\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.17838,\n                39.70926\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.90604,\n                38.93954\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.98041,\n                39.1964\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.20002,\n                39.24845\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.52805,\n                39.4985\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.32,\n                38.96\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.07183,\n                38.78203\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.05673,\n                38.40412\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.37747,\n                38.01551\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.94023,\n                37.21689\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.03127,\n                37.2566\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72205,\n                37.93705\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.23287,\n                38.31921\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.35,\n                39.15\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.54272,\n                38.71762\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.32933,\n                38.08326\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.99,\n                38.23999\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.30162,\n                37.91794\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.25874,\n                36.9664\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.9718,\n                36.89726\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.86804,\n                36.55125\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72749,\n                35.55074\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.36318,\n                34.80854\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.39763,\n                34.51201\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.05496,\n                33.92547\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.55435,\n                33.86133\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.06067,\n                33.49395\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.20357,\n                33.15839\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.30132,\n                32.50935\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.86498,\n                32.0333\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33629,\n                31.44049\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.49042,\n                30.72999\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.31371,\n                30.03552\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.98,\n                29.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53558,\n                28.47213\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53,\n                28.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.05654,\n                26.88\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.08801,\n                26.20576\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.13156,\n                25.81677\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.38103,\n                25.20616\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.68,\n                25.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.17213,\n                25.20126\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33,\n                25.64\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.71,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.24,\n                26.73\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.70515,\n                27.49504\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.85526,\n                27.88624\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.65,\n                28.55\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.93,\n                29.1\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.70959,\n                29.93656\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.1,\n                30.09\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.10882,\n                29.63615\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.28784,\n                29.68612\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.7731,\n                30.15261\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.4,\n                30.4\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.53036,\n                30.27433\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.41782,\n                30.3849\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.18049,\n                30.31598\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.59383,\n                30.15999\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.41373,\n                29.89419\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.43,\n                29.48864\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.21767,\n                29.29108\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.40823,\n                29.15961\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.77928,\n                29.30714\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.15463,\n                29.11743\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.88022,\n                29.14854\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.62678,\n                29.677\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.49906,\n                29.5523\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.22637,\n                29.78375\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.84842,\n                29.71363\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.69,\n                29.48\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.60026,\n                28.73863\n              ],\n              [\n                -96.59404,\n                28.30748\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                27.83\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.37,\n                27.38\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.38,\n                26.69\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.33,\n                26.21\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.53,\n                25.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -98.24,\n                26.06\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.02,\n                26.37\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.3,\n                26.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.52,\n                27.54\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.11,\n                28.11\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.45584,\n                28.69612\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.9576,\n                29.38071\n              ],\n              [\n                -101.6624,\n                29.7793\n              ],\n              [\n                -102.48,\n                29.76\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.11,\n                28.97\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.94,\n                29.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.45697,\n                29.57196\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.70575,\n                30.12173\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.03737,\n                30.64402\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.63159,\n                31.08383\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.1429,\n                31.39995\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.50759,\n                31.75452\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24,\n                31.75485\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24194,\n                31.34222\n              ],\n              [\n                -109.035,\n                31.34194\n              ],\n              [\n                -111.02361,\n                31.33472\n              ],\n              [\n                -113.30498,\n                32.03914\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.815,\n                32.52528\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.72139,\n                32.72083\n              ],\n              [\n                -115.99135,\n                32.61239\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.12776,\n                32.53534\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.29594,\n                33.04622\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.944,\n                33.62124\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.4106,\n                33.74091\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.51989,\n                34.02778\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.081,\n                34.078\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.43884,\n                34.34848\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.36778,\n                34.44711\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.62286,\n                34.60855\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.74433,\n                35.15686\n              ],\n              [\n                -121.71457,\n                36.16153\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.54747,\n                37.55176\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.51201,\n                37.78339\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.95319,\n                38.11371\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.7272,\n                38.95166\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.86517,\n                39.76699\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39807,\n                40.3132\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.17886,\n                41.14202\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.2137,\n                41.99964\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.53284,\n                42.76599\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.14214,\n                43.70838\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.02053,\n                44.6159\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.89893,\n                45.52341\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.07963,\n                46.86475\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39567,\n                47.72017\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.68721,\n                48.18443\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.5661,\n                48.37971\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.12,\n                48.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.58736,\n                47.096\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.34,\n                47.36\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.5,\n                48.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.84,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -120,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.03121,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -116.04818,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -113,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -110.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -107.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.04826,\n                48.99986\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.65,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.22872,\n                49.0007\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15907,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Program Coordinator, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/energy-and-minerals/energy-resources-program/connect\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/energy-and-minerals/energy-resources-program/connect\">Energy Resources Program</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, VA 20192<br>Telephone: 703–648–6470</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2022-02-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":207248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X mbuursink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":3362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc","email":"mbuursink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cahan, Steven M. 0000-0002-4776-3668 scahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-3668","contributorId":4529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahan","given":"Steven","email":"scahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doolan, Colin A. 0000-0002-7595-7566 cdoolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-7566","contributorId":3046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doolan","given":"Colin","email":"cdoolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Karacan, C. Ozgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":201991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ozgen","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":174817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":208109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Shelton, Jenna L. 0000-0002-1377-0675 jlshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-0675","contributorId":5025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jenna L.","email":"jlshelton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Slucher, Ernie R. 0000-0002-5865-5734 eslucher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-5734","contributorId":3966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slucher","given":"Ernie","email":"eslucher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Varela, Brian A. 0000-0001-9849-6742 bvarela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-6742","contributorId":178091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varela","given":"Brian","email":"bvarela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70227800,"text":"sir20225001 - 2022 - Hydrogeologic characterization of the San Antonio Creek Valley watershed, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T17:04:17.61002","indexId":"sir20225001","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-31T11:06:53","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-5001","displayTitle":"Hydrogeologic Characterization of the San Antonio Creek Valley Watershed, Santa Barbara County, California","title":"Hydrogeologic characterization of the San Antonio Creek Valley watershed, Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"<p>The San Antonio Creek Valley watershed (SACVW) is located in western Santa Barbara County, about 15 miles south of Santa Maria and 55 miles north of Santa Barbara, California. The SACVW is about 135 square miles and encompasses the San Antonio Creek Valley groundwater basin; the SACVW is separated from adjacent groundwater basins by the Casmalia and Solomon Hills to the north, and the Purisima Hills to the south. At the western, downstream part of the valley, uplifted, consolidated rocks cause groundwater to discharge at land surface at Barka Slough. Since the late 1800s, groundwater has been the primary source of water for agricultural, military, municipal, and domestic uses. Groundwater withdrawal by pumping exceeded the amount of water replenishing the aquifer system during water years 1948–2018, causing groundwater-level declines of more than 150 feet in parts of the valley and reducing base flow at Barka Slough. Reliance on groundwater for agricultural water use (primarily for the irrigation and frost protection of vineyards, and fruit and berry crops) continues to strain the sustainability of the groundwater system.</p><p>Through a cooperative agreement, the Santa Barbara County Water Agency and Vandenberg Space Force Base invited the U.S. Geological Survey to address declines in groundwater levels, develop a better understanding of the hydrogeologic system, and provide tools to help evaluate and manage the effects of future development of the San Antonio Creek Valley groundwater basin within the encompassing San Antonio Creek Valley watershed (SACVW). The objectives of this study were to (1) refine the hydrogeologic framework of the San Antonio Creek Valley watershed, (2) quantify the hydrologic budget of the valley, and (3) develop hydrologic modeling tools to evaluate and aid in managing the groundwater resource. This report focuses on the first and second objectives to construct a hydrogeologic framework and characterize the historical and present-day hydrologic conditions of the SACVW during water years 1948–2018. As part of the second objective, work included quantifying the hydrologic budget and evaluating the hydrogeologic system using a combination of existing data and geologic and hydrologic data collected for this study.</p><p>The groundwater-flow system in the SACVW consists of five hydrogeologic units. These separate water-bearing units were identified based on hydrogeologic properties, such as sediment grain size, vertical-head differences in multiple-depth, monitoring-well sites, long-term groundwater level responses to pumping and climate, and the chemical character of groundwater and groundwater age in the mostly semi-consolidated to unconsolidated basin-fill sediments. The hydrogeologic units that comprise the different aquifers vary in their lithologic composition. The upper and lower aquifers (upper Paso Robles Formation, and lower Paso Robles Formation and Careaga Sandstone, respectively) are relatively coarse grained and are comprised of sand, gravel, and clay; the middle confining unit (the middle Paso Robles Formation) is relatively fine grained and is comprised of primarily clay, silt, and sand. The Pezzoni-Casmalia and Los Alamos faults, which are inferred to transect the SACVW between the western and eastern areas of the valley floor, do not appear to substantially affect the groundwater system.</p><p>Present-day recharge to the study area occurs primarily as infiltration from precipitation and streams in the upland areas of the Casmalia Hills and Solomon Hills, and along the main channel of San Antonio Creek. Reported estimates of annual natural recharge during water years 1948–2018 generally ranged from about 5,000 acre-feet to more than about 30,000 acre-feet. Stable and radioactive isotopes show that groundwater from the lower aquifer is old and probably was recharged as infiltration from precipitation and streams in the eastern upland areas of the Solomon Hills; however, the infiltration and recharge from these sources probably does not occur under present-day climatic conditions. Anthropogenic recharge, from sources such as return flow from agricultural irrigation, municipal water systems, and wastewater effluent, was estimated to range from about 600 acre-feet in 1948 to about 6,600 acre-feet in 2018. The average annual amount of groundwater removed from the SACVW by pumping during 1948–2018 was estimated to be about 17,200 acre-feet per year, increasing from about 3,000 acre-feet in 1948 to about 32,600 acre-feet in 2018. Estimates of annual pumpage generally exceeded estimates of annual recharge beginning in the mid-1970s and continuing through 2018. The predominant direction of groundwater flow under historical and present-day conditions was from the eastern uplands in the Solomon Hills to the west along San Antonio Creek to the discharge area in Barka Slough, and from the northern uplands in the Casmalia Hills south to San Antonio Creek.<br>Pumpage since the early 1900s and the subsequent groundwater-level declines have substantially reduced the amount of natural groundwater discharge at Barka Slough. Estimates of base flow to San Antonio Creek at the western, downstream extent of the SACVW have varied over time in response to changes in groundwater pumpage and climate; however, there was an overall decline in base flow during water years 1956–2018, decreasing from an average of about 1,700 acre-feet per year during 1956–69, to about 300 acre-feet per year during 2016–18. The long-term extraction of groundwater correlates with a decrease in groundwater levels by more than about 150 feet since the early 1940s in the eastern part of the basin near Los Alamos, and as much as about 50 feet in the upland areas and in the western part of the basin. At Barka Slough, groundwater levels have declined below land surface in some places, altering native riparian vegetation in and around the slough.</p><p>Surface-water quality in the SACVW varied depending on location and the time of year the samples were collected and on the amount of annual precipitation Most groundwater in the SACVW was calcium-bicarbonate-type water with total dissolved-solids concentrations of about 500–800 milligrams per liter generally representing water naturally recharged as infiltration from precipitation and streams. Total dissolved-solids concentrations in some wells ranged from 800 to 8,000 milligrams per liter, suggesting mixing of naturally recharged infiltrated water with water associated with oil-bearing geologic formations, agricultural products, or the evaporation of shallow groundwater. Concentrations of total dissolved solids and the chemical constituents chloride, nitrate plus nitrite (as nitrogen), calcium, and magnesium at selected wells generally increased during water years 1980–2018; increasing concentrations of these constituents may be associated with the expansion of agriculture in the watershed over time and the corresponding increase in the use of nitrates and calcium- and magnesium-based fertilizers and soil additives in modern agricultural practices.</p><p>The predominant direction of groundwater flow during historical and present-day conditions was from the eastern uplands in the Solomon Hills to the west along San Antonio Creek toward Barka Slough, and from the western uplands in the Casmalia Hills south to San Antonio Creek. The age of groundwater in the SACVW was evaluated using radioactive isotopes, and the flow of groundwater within the SACVW was evaluated using radioactive and stable isotopes. Modern groundwater (recharged after 1952) was generally found adjacent to San Antonio Creek and its tributaries in wells with perforated depths that averaged about 270 feet below land surface. Pre-modern groundwater (recharged before 1952) was found in wells that had average perforation depths of about 540 ft below land surface. Pre-modern groundwater identified in wells in the eastern upland area is interpreted to have had long, slow travel times to the western part of the SACVW where it was eventually discharged as base flow at Barka Slough or extracted as groundwater pumpage.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Santa Barbara County Water Agency and Vandenberg Space Force Base","programNote":"Groundwater Availability and Use Assessments","usgsCitation":"Cromwell, G., Sweetkind, D.S., Densmore, J.N., Engott, J.A., Seymour, W.A., Larsen, J.D., Ely, C.P., Stamos, C.L., and Faunt, C.C., 2022, Hydrogeologic characterization of the San Antonio Creek Valley watershed, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5001, 124 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225001.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 124 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"124","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-106483","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395163,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5001/images"},{"id":395162,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5001/sir20225001.xml"},{"id":502288,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112320.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AD7DL8","linkHelpText":"Data release of hydrogeologic data from the San Antonio Creek Valley watershed, Santa Barbara County, California"},{"id":395161,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5001/sir20225001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395160,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5001/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County","otherGeospatial":"San Antonio Creek Valley watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.50079345703125,\n              34.71113805795655\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.09292602539062,\n              34.71113805795655\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.09292602539062,\n              34.854382885097905\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.50079345703125,\n              34.854382885097905\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.50079345703125,\n              34.71113805795655\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov\">California Water Science Center</a><br><a href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>6000 J Street, Placer Hall<br>Sacramento, California 95819</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Description of the Study Area&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Hydrogeology&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Groundwater and Surface-Water Quality&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Summary&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>References Cited&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Appendixes&nbsp;</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2022-01-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cromwell, Geoffrey 0000-0001-8481-405X gcromwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-405X","contributorId":5920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromwell","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gcromwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. 0000-0003-0892-4796 dsweetkind@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-4796","contributorId":139913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Densmore, Jill N. 0000-0002-5345-6613 jidensmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":197491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Jill","email":"jidensmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engott, John A. 0000-0003-1889-4519 jaengott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1889-4519","contributorId":1142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engott","given":"John","email":"jaengott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seymour, Whitney A. 0000-0002-5999-6573 wseymour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-6573","contributorId":4131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seymour","given":"Whitney","email":"wseymour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larsen, Joshua 0000-0002-1218-800X jlarsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1218-800X","contributorId":272403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Joshua","email":"jlarsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ely, Christopher P. 0000-0001-5276-5046","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5276-5046","contributorId":219282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Christopher P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352 clstamos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":1252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina","email":"clstamos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":150147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70227772,"text":"70227772 - 2022 - Temporal trends in macroscopic indicators of fish health in the South Branch of the Potomac River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-11T16:53:52.489575","indexId":"70227772","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-31T10:51:11","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal trends in macroscopic indicators of fish health in the South Branch of the Potomac River","docAbstract":"Over recent decades, the South Branch of the Potomac River, WV, has experienced fish kills and episodes of suppressed health in adult fishes that have spanned small stretches to nearly 120 km of contiguous habitat. Although factors such as endocrine disruption, chemical contaminants, and infectious agents have been detected, no single causal mechanism has been identified. To gain information about the temporal nature of abnormalities, differences in life stage impacts, and potential risk factors, investigations of rank scores of macroscopic indicators of fish health were conducted utilizing seasonal and annual boat electrofishing surveys for Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu (SMB) and Golden Redhorse Moxostoma erythrurum (GDR). Gill and body abnormalities were assigned rank scores for each fish based on visual severity and were tested for correlation with seasonal climatic (flow and stream temperature) and environmental factors (stream pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity). Analyses between juveniles and adults for these species indicated body lesions were more common for adult GDR and gill lesions were more common for adult SMB. Significantly higher rank sums of adult gill abnormalities corresponded with heavy annual mortality of SMB from ages 2-3 (86%), the age at which this species transitions from juvenile to adult length. Higher ranks were frequently assigned to fish of both species for gill and body/fin lesions during summer and fall samples. Low stream discharges and lower pH units correlated with elevations of body raised lesion (GDR) and erosions (GDR and SMB), as well as erosions of gill lamellae (SMB). This study connects the disciplines of fisheries management, fish health, and environmental monitoring, providing information gained through tracking macroscopic conditions of these two indicator species for the focusing of future studies and better understanding risks to fish health.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10745","usgsCitation":"Keplinger, B.J., Hedrick, J., and Blazer, V., 2022, Temporal trends in macroscopic indicators of fish health in the South Branch of the Potomac River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 42, no. 2, p. 277-294, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10745.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"294","ipdsId":"IP-132936","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10745","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.63739013671874,\n              39.53793974517628\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4256591796875,\n              38.81403111409755\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.65911865234374,\n              38.59326051987162\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.51629638671875,\n              38.53097889440024\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.97796630859375,\n              38.96795115401593\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.51654052734375,\n              39.41922073655956\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.48358154296875,\n              39.52099229357195\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.63739013671874,\n              39.53793974517628\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keplinger, Brandon J.","contributorId":204644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keplinger","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedrick, James","contributorId":272583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedrick","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":40299,"text":"West Virginia Division of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227782,"text":"70227782 - 2022 - Explosive activity on Kilauea’s Lower East Rift Zone fueled by a volatile-rich, dacitic melt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T16:34:24.897853","indexId":"70227782","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-31T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9358,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G-Cubed)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Explosive activity on Kīlauea’s Lower East Rift Zone fueled by a volatile-rich, dacitic melt","title":"Explosive activity on Kilauea’s Lower East Rift Zone fueled by a volatile-rich, dacitic melt","docAbstract":"<p>Magmas with matrix glass compositions ranging from basalt to dacite erupted from a series of 24 fissures in the first two weeks of the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea Volcano. Eruption styles ranged from low spattering and fountaining to strombolian activity. Major element trajectories in matrix glasses and melt inclusions hosted by olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase are consistent with variable amounts of fractional crystallization, with incompatible elements (e.g., Cl, F, H<sub>2</sub>O) becoming enriched by 4-5 times as melt MgO contents evolve from 6 to 0.5 wt%. The high viscosity and high H<sub>2</sub>O contents (∼2 wt%) of the dacitic melts erupting at Fissure 17 account for the explosive Strombolian behavior exhibited by this fissure, in contrast to the low fountaining and spattering observed at fissures erupting basaltic to basaltic-andesite melts. Saturation pressures calculated from melt inclusions CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O contents indicate that the magma reservoir(s) supplying these fissures was located at ∼2-3 km depth, which is in agreement with the depth of a dacitic magma body intercepted during drilling in 2005 (∼2.5 km) and a seismically-imaged low Vp/Vs anomaly (∼2 km depth). Nb/Y ratios in erupted products are similar to lavas erupted between 1955-1960, indicating that melts were stored and underwent variable amounts of crystallization in the LERZ for &gt;60 years before being remobilized by a dike intrusion in 2018. We demonstrate that extensive fractional crystallization generates viscous and volatile-rich magma with potential for hazardous explosive eruptions, which may be lurking undetected at many ocean island volcanoes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2021GC010046","usgsCitation":"Wieser, P.E., Edmonds, M., Gansecki, C., Maclennan, J., Jenner, F.E., Kunz, B., Antoshechkina, P., Trusdell, F., Lee, R.L., and Edinburgh Ion Microprobe Facility, 2022, Explosive activity on Kilauea’s Lower East Rift Zone fueled by a volatile-rich, dacitic melt: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G-Cubed), v. 23, no. 2, e2021GC010046, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC010046.","productDescription":"e2021GC010046, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132884","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gc010046","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano, Lower East Rift Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.34805297851562,\n              19.243736176569485\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.6820068359375,\n              19.243736176569485\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.6820068359375,\n              19.71241464369998\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.34805297851562,\n              19.71241464369998\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.34805297851562,\n              19.243736176569485\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieser, Penny E. 0000-0002-1070-8323","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1070-8323","contributorId":272601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wieser","given":"Penny","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edmonds, Marie 0000-0003-1243-137X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-137X","contributorId":272602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edmonds","given":"Marie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gansecki, Cheryl 0000-0001-5581-9097","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5581-9097","contributorId":215620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gansecki","given":"Cheryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36402,"text":"University of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maclennan, John","contributorId":272838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maclennan","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jenner, Frances E. 0000-0003-2189-6478","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2189-6478","contributorId":272603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenner","given":"Frances","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":47593,"text":"The Open University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kunz, Barbara 0000-0002-9492-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-1497","contributorId":272604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunz","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47593,"text":"The Open University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Antoshechkina, Paula 0000-0002-3358-5186","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3358-5186","contributorId":272605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Antoshechkina","given":"Paula","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lee, R. Lopaka 0000-0002-6352-0340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-0340","contributorId":223777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lopaka","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Edinburgh Ion Microprobe Facility","contributorId":272840,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Edinburgh Ion Microprobe Facility","id":832314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70227702,"text":"ofr20211123 - 2022 - Optimization of salt marsh management at the Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge of the Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Maine, through use of structured decision making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T17:53:23.031994","indexId":"ofr20211123","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-27T12:50:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1123","displayTitle":"Optimization of Salt Marsh Management at the Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge of the Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Maine, Through Use of Structured Decision Making","title":"Optimization of salt marsh management at the Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge of the Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Maine, through use of structured decision making","docAbstract":"<p>Structured decision making is a systematic, transparent process for improving the quality of complex decisions by identifying measurable management objectives and feasible management actions; predicting the potential consequences of management actions relative to the stated objectives; and selecting a course of action that maximizes the total benefit achieved and balances tradeoffs among objectives. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, applied an existing, regional framework for structured decision making to develop a prototype tool for optimizing tidal marsh management decisions at the Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge of the Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex in Maine. Refuge biologists, refuge managers, and research scientists identified multiple potential management actions to improve the ecological integrity of two marsh management units within the refuge complex, totaling about 47 hectares, and estimated the outcomes of each action in terms of performance metrics associated with each management objective. Value functions previously developed at the regional level were used to transform metric scores to a common utility scale, and utilities were summed to produce a single score representing the total management benefit that could be accrued from each potential management action. Constrained optimization was used to identify the set of management actions, one per marsh management unit, that could maximize total management benefits at different cost constraints at the refuge scale. Results indicated that, for the objectives and actions considered here, total management benefits may increase consistently up to <span>$</span>9,545, and may continue to increase at a lower rate with further expenditures. Potential management actions in optimal portfolios at total costs less than or equal to <span>$</span>9,545 included removing dikes to restore tidal flow in the Gouldsboro Bay management unit and installing runnels to improve surface-water drainage in the Sawyers Marsh management unit. The potential management benefits were derived from expected increases in the numbers of tidal marsh obligate breeding birds and density of spiders (as an indicator of trophic health), reduced duration of flooding, and increased capacity of marsh elevation to keep pace with sea-level rise. The prototype presented here does not resolve management decisions; rather, it provides a framework for decision making at the Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex that can be updated for implementation as new data and information become available. Insights from this process may also be useful to inform future habitat management planning at the refuge complex.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Lyons, J.E., Nagel, J.L., Adamowicz, S.C., Mikula, T., and Williams, S., 2022, Optimization of salt marsh management at the Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge of the Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Maine, through use of structured decision making: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1123, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211123.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Database","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-135555","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501535,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112158.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394950,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://ecos.fws.gov/ServCat/Reference/Profile/121918","text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service database","linkHelpText":"- Salt marsh integrity and Hurricane Sandy vegetation, bird and nekton data"},{"id":394949,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1123/images/"},{"id":394948,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1123/ofr20211123.XML"},{"id":394947,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1123/ofr20211123.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1123"},{"id":394946,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1123/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -68.0438232421875,\n              44.36902359940364\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.64556884765625,\n              44.36902359940364\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.64556884765625,\n              44.570415145955515\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.0438232421875,\n              44.570415145955515\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.0438232421875,\n              44.36902359940364\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eesc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eesc\">Eastern Ecological Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>11649 Leetown Road<br>Kearneysville, WV 25430</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Regional Structured Decision-Making Frame work</li><li>Application to the Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge of the Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex</li><li>Results of Constrained Optimization</li><li>Considerations for Optimizing Salt Marsh Management</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Regional Influence Diagrams</li><li>Appendix 2. Utility Functions for the Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2022-01-27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, James E. 0000-0002-9810-8751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-8751","contributorId":222844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagel, Jessica L. 0000-0002-4437-0324 jnagel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-0324","contributorId":3976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"Jessica","email":"jnagel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adamowicz, Susan C.","contributorId":174712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adamowicz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":831837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikula, Toni","contributorId":208473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mikula","given":"Toni","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, Sara","contributorId":272237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":831839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70262432,"text":"70262432 - 2022 - Direct and molecular observation of movement and reproduction by Candy Darter, Etheostoma osburni, an endangered benthic stream fish in Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-22T15:08:37.934035","indexId":"70262432","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-27T11:58:10","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6476,"text":"Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Direct and molecular observation of movement and reproduction by Candy Darter, <i>Etheostoma osburni</i>, an endangered benthic stream fish in Virginia, USA","title":"Direct and molecular observation of movement and reproduction by Candy Darter, Etheostoma osburni, an endangered benthic stream fish in Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Direct and indirect measures of individual movement provide valuable knowledge regarding a species’ resiliency to environmental change. Information on patterns of movement can inform species management and conservation but is lacking for many imperiled fishes. The Candy Darter,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"html-italic\">Etheostoma osburni</span><span>, is an endangered stream fish with a dramatically reduced distribution in Virginia in the eastern United States, now known from only four isolated populations. We used visual implant elastomer tags and microsatellite DNA markers to directly describe movement patterns in two populations. Parentage analysis based on parent-offspring pairs was used to infer movement patterns of young-of-year and age-1 individuals, as well as the reproductive contribution of certain adults. Direct measurements of movement distances were generally similar between methods, but microsatellite markers revealed greater distances moved, commensurate with greater spatial frames sampled. Parent-offspring pairs were found throughout the species’ 18.8-km distribution in Stony Creek, while most parent-offspring pairs were in 2 km of the 4.25-km distribution in Laurel Creek. Sibship reconstruction allowed us to characterize the mating system and number of spawning years for adults. Our results provide the first measures of movement patterns of Candy Darter as well as the spatial distribution of parent-offspring pairs, which may be useful for selecting collection sites in source populations to be used for translocation or reintroductions. Our results highlight the importance of documenting species movement patterns and spatial distributions of related individuals as steps toward understanding population dynamics and informing translocation strategies. We also demonstrate that the reproductive longevity of this species is greater than previously described, which may be the case for other small stream fishes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/fishes7010030","usgsCitation":"McBaine, K., Hallerman, E., and Angermeier, P., 2022, Direct and molecular observation of movement and reproduction by Candy Darter, Etheostoma osburni, an endangered benthic stream fish in Virginia, USA: Fishes, v. 7, no. 1, 30, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7010030.","productDescription":"30, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-136240","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481094,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7010030","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.973607,37.835817],[-75.971705,37.830928],[-75.977301,37.825821],[-75.982158,37.806226],[-75.987301,37.804917],[-75.9983,37.812626],[-75.999658,37.848198],[-75.992556,37.848889],[-75.988018,37.841085],[-75.973607,37.835817]]],[[[-76.029405,37.953776],[-75.994739,37.953501],[-76.017592,37.935161],[-76.032491,37.915008],[-76.04653,37.953586],[-76.029405,37.953776]]],[[[-75.242266,38.027209],[-75.296871,37.959043],[-75.334296,37.893477],[-75.359036,37.864143],[-75.374642,37.859454],[-75.40054,37.874865],[-75.437868,37.872324],[-75.467951,37.851328],[-75.514921,37.799149],[-75.581333,37.683593],[-75.586136,37.660653],[-75.610808,37.605909],[-75.612237,37.585602],[-75.608123,37.578018],[-75.595716,37.576657],[-75.594044,37.569698],[-75.63337,37.52214],[-75.666178,37.472124],[-75.66179,37.455028],[-75.665957,37.439209],[-75.697914,37.405301],[-75.720739,37.373129],[-75.727335,37.360346],[-75.726691,37.350127],[-75.735829,37.335426],[-75.765401,37.305596],[-75.778817,37.297176],[-75.784634,37.300976],[-75.798448,37.296285],[-75.79083,37.276207],[-75.799343,37.251779],[-75.789929,37.228134],[-75.804446,37.208011],[-75.800755,37.197297],[-75.897298,37.118037],[-75.912308,37.115154],[-75.92552,37.133601],[-75.945872,37.120514],[-75.97043,37.118608],[-75.978083,37.157338],[-76.013071,37.205366],[-76.010535,37.231579],[-76.025753,37.257407],[-76.023664,37.268971],[-76.015507,37.280874],[-76.023475,37.289067],[-76.018645,37.31782],[-76.014251,37.331943],[-75.987122,37.368548],[-75.97997,37.404608],[-75.983105,37.415802],[-75.981624,37.434116],[-75.960877,37.467562],[-75.963326,37.481785],[-75.958966,37.500133],[-75.940318,37.534582],[-75.937665,37.549652],[-75.941182,37.563839],[-75.924756,37.600215],[-75.909586,37.622671],[-75.868481,37.668224],[-75.868355,37.687609],[-75.859262,37.703111],[-75.837685,37.712985],[-75.827922,37.737986],[-75.812155,37.749502],[-75.803041,37.762464],[-75.818125,37.791698],[-75.784599,37.806826],[-75.743097,37.806656],[-75.73588,37.816561],[-75.723224,37.820124],[-75.71659,37.826696],[-75.709114,37.8477],[-75.689837,37.861817],[-75.685293,37.873341],[-75.687584,37.88634],[-75.709626,37.900622],[-75.753048,37.896605],[-75.758796,37.897615],[-75.757694,37.903912],[-75.712065,37.936082],[-75.704318,37.92901],[-75.693942,37.930362],[-75.669711,37.950796],[-75.655681,37.945435],[-75.647606,37.947027],[-75.648229,37.966775],[-75.638221,37.979397],[-75.629532,37.975966],[-75.633712,37.983057],[-75.624342,37.994208],[-75.242266,38.027209]]],[[[-77.041898,38.741514],[-77.041398,38.724515],[-77.045498,38.714315],[-77.053199,38.709915],[-77.079499,38.709515],[-77.1059,38.696815],[-77.132501,38.673816],[-77.135901,38.649817],[-77.1302,38.635017],[-77.157501,38.636417],[-77.174902,38.624217],[-77.202002,38.617217],[-77.216303,38.637817],[-77.240604,38.638917],[-77.246704,38.635217],[-77.247003,38.590618],[-77.26443,38.582845],[-77.26083,38.56533],[-77.276603,38.54712],[-77.276303,38.53962],[-77.283503,38.525221],[-77.310334,38.493926],[-77.322622,38.467131],[-77.32544,38.44885],[-77.310719,38.397669],[-77.317288,38.383576],[-77.296077,38.369797],[-77.279633,38.339444],[-77.265295,38.333165],[-77.240072,38.331598],[-77.162692,38.345994],[-77.138224,38.367917],[-77.08481,38.368297],[-77.069956,38.377895],[-77.056032,38.3962],[-77.043526,38.400548],[-77.011827,38.374554],[-77.016932,38.341697],[-77.030683,38.311623],[-77.026304,38.302685],[-76.99767,38.278047],[-76.981372,38.274214],[-76.96215,38.256486],[-76.957417,38.236341],[-76.967335,38.227185],[-76.962311,38.214075],[-76.937134,38.202384],[-76.910832,38.197073],[-76.875272,38.172207],[-76.838795,38.163476],[-76.788445,38.169199],[-76.760241,38.166581],[-76.743064,38.156988],[-76.738938,38.14651],[-76.721722,38.137635],[-76.704048,38.149264],[-76.701297,38.155718],[-76.684892,38.156497],[-76.665127,38.147638],[-76.643448,38.14825],[-76.629476,38.15305],[-76.613939,38.148587],[-76.604131,38.128771],[-76.600937,38.110084],[-76.579497,38.09487],[-76.543155,38.076971],[-76.535919,38.069532],[-76.516547,38.026566],[-76.469343,38.013544],[-76.462542,37.998572],[-76.416299,37.966828],[-76.343848,37.947345],[-76.265998,37.91138],[-76.236725,37.889174],[-76.251358,37.833072],[-76.275178,37.812664],[-76.282592,37.814109],[-76.284904,37.822308],[-76.293525,37.822717],[-76.307482,37.81235],[-76.310307,37.794849],[-76.306489,37.788646],[-76.312108,37.750522],[-76.304917,37.729913],[-76.312858,37.720338],[-76.300067,37.695364],[-76.302545,37.689],[-76.324808,37.676983],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.332562,37.645817],[-76.292534,37.636098],[-76.279447,37.618225],[-76.28037,37.613715],[-76.309174,37.621892],[-76.36232,37.610368],[-76.381106,37.627003],[-76.390054,37.630326],[-76.399236,37.628636],[-76.472392,37.665772],[-76.489576,37.666201],[-76.497564,37.647056],[-76.510187,37.642324],[-76.536548,37.663574],[-76.537228,37.698892],[-76.560476,37.727827],[-76.584289,37.76889],[-76.602024,37.772731],[-76.651413,37.796239],[-76.680197,37.825654],[-76.701606,37.822677],[-76.72718,37.842263],[-76.747552,37.875864],[-76.765711,37.879274],[-76.784618,37.869569],[-76.766328,37.840437],[-76.723863,37.788503],[-76.689773,37.78519],[-76.683775,37.781391],[-76.683372,37.765507],[-76.677002,37.7561],[-76.61971,37.744795],[-76.61997,37.731271],[-76.597213,37.717269],[-76.597868,37.702918],[-76.579591,37.671508],[-76.583143,37.661986],[-76.574049,37.646781],[-76.542666,37.616857],[-76.527188,37.611315],[-76.435474,37.612807],[-76.420252,37.598686],[-76.410781,37.581815],[-76.383188,37.573056],[-76.357835,37.573699],[-76.300144,37.561734],[-76.29796,37.557636],[-76.302762,37.551295],[-76.330598,37.536391],[-76.348992,37.536548],[-76.360474,37.51924],[-76.352678,37.504913],[-76.32947,37.49492],[-76.306952,37.497488],[-76.297739,37.506863],[-76.297651,37.515424],[-76.293599,37.516499],[-76.281043,37.507821],[-76.265056,37.481365],[-76.252415,37.447274],[-76.245283,37.386839],[-76.24846,37.375135],[-76.264847,37.357399],[-76.272888,37.335174],[-76.275552,37.309964],[-76.282555,37.319107],[-76.308581,37.329366],[-76.31205,37.338088],[-76.337476,37.364014],[-76.387112,37.385061],[-76.393958,37.39594],[-76.415167,37.402133],[-76.418719,37.3978],[-76.418176,37.385064],[-76.437525,37.37975],[-76.445333,37.36646],[-76.406388,37.332924],[-76.38777,37.30767],[-76.381075,37.28534],[-76.369029,37.279311],[-76.352556,37.278334],[-76.349489,37.273963],[-76.392788,37.264973],[-76.417173,37.26395],[-76.421765,37.255198],[-76.429141,37.25331],[-76.475927,37.250543],[-76.48284,37.254831],[-76.493302,37.24947],[-76.50364,37.233856],[-76.494008,37.225408],[-76.471799,37.216016],[-76.394132,37.22515],[-76.389793,37.222981],[-76.396052,37.201087],[-76.389284,37.193503],[-76.391252,37.179887],[-76.399659,37.160272],[-76.381379,37.155711],[-76.35969,37.16858],[-76.348658,37.170655],[-76.343234,37.166207],[-76.34405,37.160367],[-76.334017,37.144223],[-76.311088,37.138495],[-76.292344,37.126615],[-76.271262,37.084544],[-76.304272,37.001378],[-76.315008,37.001683],[-76.318065,37.013846],[-76.34011,37.015212],[-76.348066,37.006747],[-76.383367,36.993347],[-76.411768,36.962847],[-76.428869,36.969947],[-76.452118,36.998163],[-76.452461,37.004603],[-76.448231,37.007705],[-76.464471,37.027547],[-76.518242,37.055351],[-76.526273,37.062947],[-76.526203,37.077773],[-76.536875,37.083942],[-76.555066,37.075859],[-76.564219,37.077507],[-76.579499,37.096627],[-76.618252,37.119347],[-76.62478,37.127091],[-76.622252,37.142146],[-76.604476,37.160034],[-76.606684,37.166674],[-76.610972,37.166994],[-76.623292,37.198738],[-76.649869,37.220914],[-76.689166,37.222866],[-76.730951,37.213813],[-76.74,37.195379],[-76.75047,37.190098],[-76.757765,37.191658],[-76.780532,37.209336],[-76.801023,37.206043],[-76.802511,37.198308],[-76.796905,37.189404],[-76.756899,37.161582],[-76.747632,37.150548],[-76.73032,37.145395],[-76.715295,37.148035],[-76.696735,37.174403],[-76.691918,37.195731],[-76.685614,37.198851],[-76.663774,37.173875],[-76.67147,37.158739],[-76.671588,37.14206],[-76.666542,37.138179],[-76.656894,37.109843],[-76.669822,37.06426],[-76.662558,37.045748],[-76.646013,37.036228],[-76.612124,37.035604],[-76.586491,37.02874],[-76.562923,37.003796],[-76.524853,36.983833],[-76.521006,36.973187],[-76.513363,36.968057],[-76.500355,36.965212],[-76.487559,36.952372],[-76.482407,36.917364],[-76.483369,36.896239],[-76.469914,36.882898],[-76.454692,36.884077],[-76.453941,36.89274],[-76.441605,36.906116],[-76.407507,36.897444],[-76.387567,36.899547],[-76.385867,36.923247],[-76.345569,36.924531],[-76.344663,36.919313],[-76.328864,36.918447],[-76.330765,36.938647],[-76.327365,36.959447],[-76.315867,36.955351],[-76.297663,36.968147],[-76.267962,36.964547],[-76.22166,36.939547],[-76.139557,36.923047],[-76.095508,36.908817],[-76.058154,36.916947],[-76.033454,36.931946],[-76.013753,36.930746],[-75.996252,36.922047],[-75.94955,36.76115],[-75.921748,36.692051],[-75.890946,36.630753],[-75.874145,36.583853],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-76.915897,36.552093],[-76.916048,36.543815],[-77.152691,36.544078],[-77.16966,36.547315],[-77.205156,36.544581],[-78.245462,36.544411],[-78.529722,36.540981],[-80.122183,36.542646],[-80.295243,36.543973],[-80.704831,36.562319],[-80.837089,36.559154],[-81.003802,36.563629],[-81.176712,36.571926],[-81.442228,36.576822],[-81.600934,36.587019],[-81.677535,36.588117],[-81.6469,36.611918],[-81.922644,36.616213],[-81.934144,36.594213],[-83.248933,36.593827],[-83.2763,36.598187],[-83.55681,36.597384],[-83.675413,36.600814],[-83.649513,36.616683],[-83.645213,36.624183],[-83.628913,36.624083],[-83.607913,36.637083],[-83.577312,36.641784],[-83.562612,36.651284],[-83.541812,36.656584],[-83.529612,36.666184],[-83.498011,36.670485],[-83.466483,36.6647],[-83.423707,36.667385],[-83.395806,36.676786],[-83.386099,36.686589],[-83.307103,36.711387],[-83.194597,36.739487],[-83.136395,36.743088],[-83.127833,36.750828],[-83.126719,36.761],[-83.132477,36.764398],[-83.128494,36.775588],[-83.131694,36.781488],[-83.103092,36.806689],[-83.098492,36.814289],[-83.101792,36.829089],[-83.07519,36.840889],[-83.07259,36.854589],[-83.047589,36.851789],[-83.026887,36.855489],[-83.021887,36.849989],[-83.009222,36.847295],[-82.998376,36.85663],[-82.970253,36.857686],[-82.951685,36.866152],[-82.907774,36.874706],[-82.906325,36.87974],[-82.879492,36.889085],[-82.870068,36.901735],[-82.877473,36.90796],[-82.858635,36.927785],[-82.861282,36.944848],[-82.856099,36.952471],[-82.87023,36.965498],[-82.868455,36.976481],[-82.862926,36.979975],[-82.857936,36.978276],[-82.853729,36.985178],[-82.845002,36.983812],[-82.836008,36.988837],[-82.830802,36.993445],[-82.828592,37.005707],[-82.782144,37.008242],[-82.759175,37.027333],[-82.747981,37.025214],[-82.743684,37.041397],[-82.722472,37.045101],[-82.727022,37.073019],[-82.718353,37.075706],[-82.717204,37.079544],[-82.724954,37.091905],[-82.721617,37.101276],[-82.726449,37.114985],[-82.722097,37.120168],[-82.684601,37.135835],[-82.676765,37.134965],[-82.651646,37.151908],[-82.633493,37.154264],[-82.592451,37.182847],[-82.550372,37.204458],[-82.531576,37.209163],[-82.528746,37.213742],[-82.520117,37.212906],[-82.498858,37.227044],[-82.491486,37.225086],[-82.487317,37.230578],[-82.457016,37.238288],[-82.449164,37.243908],[-82.350948,37.267077],[-82.342068,37.274109],[-82.341849,37.280886],[-82.324619,37.28318],[-82.309415,37.300066],[-81.968297,37.537798],[-81.969279,37.534325],[-81.959362,37.53522],[-81.953524,37.528056],[-81.943981,37.5303],[-81.94766,37.52508],[-81.943693,37.521212],[-81.944756,37.513657],[-81.938749,37.512902],[-81.933088,37.518968],[-81.926391,37.514207],[-81.941151,37.509483],[-81.943912,37.502929],[-81.951831,37.50205],[-81.953264,37.491763],[-81.964986,37.493488],[-81.977593,37.484603],[-81.992916,37.482969],[-81.995649,37.469833],[-81.987006,37.454878],[-81.976176,37.457186],[-81.965582,37.446918],[-81.949367,37.445687],[-81.945765,37.440214],[-81.935621,37.438397],[-81.940553,37.429058],[-81.93695,37.41992],[-81.923481,37.411379],[-81.930042,37.405291],[-81.928778,37.393845],[-81.936744,37.38073],[-81.926697,37.364618],[-81.928497,37.360645],[-81.916678,37.349346],[-81.899495,37.341102],[-81.893773,37.330105],[-81.880886,37.331146],[-81.860267,37.315715],[-81.865429,37.31012],[-81.859624,37.304765],[-81.856032,37.306742],[-81.853551,37.287701],[-81.849949,37.285227],[-81.838762,37.286343],[-81.834432,37.285416],[-81.83447,37.281763],[-81.819625,37.279411],[-81.805382,37.285622],[-81.793595,37.284838],[-81.793639,37.282188],[-81.789294,37.284416],[-81.774747,37.274847],[-81.76022,37.275254],[-81.745505,37.26133],[-81.744291,37.244178],[-81.739277,37.238837],[-81.723061,37.240493],[-81.716248,37.234321],[-81.71573,37.228771],[-81.695113,37.21357],[-81.683544,37.211452],[-81.683268,37.205649],[-81.678603,37.202467],[-81.5536,37.208443],[-81.545211,37.220165],[-81.508786,37.232564],[-81.498874,37.258025],[-81.492287,37.25096],[-81.480144,37.251121],[-81.449068,37.269583],[-81.416663,37.273214],[-81.40506,37.298794],[-81.398185,37.302965],[-81.394287,37.316411],[-81.388132,37.319903],[-81.374455,37.318614],[-81.362156,37.337687],[-81.320105,37.299323],[-81.225104,37.234874],[-81.167029,37.262881],[-81.112596,37.278497],[-80.979589,37.302279],[-80.981322,37.293465],[-80.966556,37.292158],[-80.947896,37.295872],[-80.900535,37.315],[-80.868986,37.338573],[-80.849451,37.346909],[-80.883248,37.383933],[-80.862761,37.411829],[-80.865148,37.419927],[-80.859563,37.429558],[-80.846324,37.423394],[-80.837678,37.425658],[-80.808769,37.406271],[-80.806129,37.398074],[-80.784188,37.394587],[-80.770082,37.372363],[-80.705203,37.394618],[-80.645893,37.422147],[-80.63439,37.431227],[-80.622664,37.433307],[-80.552036,37.473563],[-80.511391,37.481672],[-80.492981,37.457749],[-80.49728,37.444779],[-80.494867,37.43507],[-80.475601,37.422949],[-80.371952,37.474069],[-80.36317,37.480001],[-80.366838,37.484879],[-80.309331,37.50288],[-80.299789,37.508271],[-80.282385,37.533517],[-80.291644,37.536505],[-80.309346,37.527381],[-80.330306,37.536244],[-80.312393,37.546239],[-80.328504,37.564315],[-80.258919,37.595499],[-80.240272,37.606961],[-80.220984,37.627767],[-80.267228,37.646011],[-80.279372,37.657077],[-80.296138,37.691783],[-80.253077,37.725899],[-80.252024,37.729825],[-80.262765,37.738336],[-80.257411,37.756084],[-80.251622,37.755866],[-80.246902,37.768309],[-80.230458,37.778305],[-80.217634,37.776775],[-80.215892,37.781989],[-80.227965,37.791714],[-80.227092,37.798886],[-80.218611,37.809783],[-80.206482,37.81597],[-80.199633,37.827507],[-80.179391,37.839751],[-80.183062,37.850646],[-80.176712,37.854029],[-80.162202,37.875122],[-80.148951,37.886892],[-80.141947,37.882616],[-80.12362,37.897943],[-80.117747,37.89772],[-80.118967,37.903614],[-80.102931,37.918911],[-80.096563,37.918112],[-80.074514,37.942221],[-80.04841,37.957481],[-79.999384,37.995842],[-79.995901,38.005791],[-79.973701,38.032556],[-79.954369,38.080397],[-79.92633,38.107151],[-79.938051,38.110759],[-79.944843,38.131585],[-79.933751,38.135508],[-79.925512,38.150237],[-79.918662,38.15479],[-79.914884,38.167524],[-79.917924,38.168399],[-79.916622,38.177994],[-79.921026,38.179954],[-79.91441,38.188418],[-79.898426,38.193045],[-79.888045,38.20736],[-79.850324,38.233329],[-79.846445,38.240003],[-79.835124,38.241892],[-79.830882,38.249687],[-79.817149,38.249511],[-79.811987,38.260401],[-79.806333,38.259193],[-79.790134,38.267654],[-79.789791,38.281167],[-79.795448,38.290228],[-79.802778,38.292073],[-79.810115,38.305037],[-79.808711,38.309429],[-79.79655,38.32348],[-79.77309,38.335529],[-79.764432,38.356514],[-79.740615,38.354101],[-79.725973,38.363229],[-79.72679,38.370832],[-79.730494,38.372217],[-79.72635,38.38707],[-79.706634,38.41573],[-79.689675,38.431439],[-79.691478,38.446282],[-79.688365,38.45687],[-79.698929,38.469869],[-79.693424,38.481011],[-79.697572,38.487223],[-79.692273,38.496474],[-79.682974,38.501317],[-79.680374,38.510617],[-79.670474,38.507717],[-79.663474,38.514117],[-79.662974,38.518717],[-79.672974,38.528717],[-79.666874,38.538317],[-79.669275,38.549516],[-79.665075,38.560916],[-79.659275,38.562416],[-79.659375,38.572616],[-79.649075,38.591515],[-79.53827,38.551817],[-79.521469,38.533918],[-79.476638,38.457228],[-79.312276,38.411876],[-79.288432,38.42096],[-79.282971,38.418095],[-79.279678,38.424173],[-79.282762,38.431647],[-79.267414,38.438322],[-79.254435,38.455949],[-79.242641,38.454168],[-79.240059,38.469841],[-79.225669,38.476471],[-79.219067,38.487441],[-79.210591,38.492913],[-79.206959,38.503522],[-79.210959,38.507422],[-79.205859,38.524521],[-79.176658,38.56552],[-79.170958,38.56812],[-79.170858,38.574119],[-79.158657,38.592319],[-79.159158,38.601219],[-79.151257,38.620618],[-79.131057,38.653217],[-79.122256,38.659817],[-79.106356,38.656217],[-79.092955,38.659517],[-79.084355,38.686516],[-79.090755,38.692515],[-79.092755,38.702315],[-79.072555,38.747513],[-79.057554,38.760213],[-79.055654,38.770913],[-79.051554,38.772613],[-79.054954,38.785713],[-79.046554,38.792113],[-79.029253,38.791013],[-79.023053,38.798613],[-79.024053,38.809212],[-79.019553,38.817912],[-79.006152,38.824512],[-78.998171,38.847353],[-78.993997,38.850102],[-78.869276,38.762991],[-78.786025,38.887187],[-78.759085,38.900529],[-78.738921,38.927283],[-78.718482,38.934267],[-78.71981,38.905907],[-78.717178,38.904296],[-78.704323,38.915231],[-78.69738,38.915602],[-78.670679,38.9338],[-78.646589,38.968138],[-78.638423,38.966819],[-78.625672,38.982575],[-78.620453,38.982601],[-78.618676,38.974082],[-78.611184,38.976134],[-78.601655,38.964603],[-78.570462,39.001552],[-78.550467,39.018065],[-78.571901,39.031995],[-78.540216,39.060631],[-78.522714,39.071062],[-78.495984,39.09898],[-78.478426,39.109843],[-78.475376,39.107469],[-78.459869,39.113351],[-78.439429,39.132146],[-78.427294,39.152726],[-78.403697,39.167451],[-78.426315,39.182762],[-78.428697,39.187217],[-78.424292,39.192156],[-78.438651,39.198049],[-78.405585,39.231176],[-78.404214,39.241214],[-78.399669,39.243874],[-78.418584,39.256065],[-78.414204,39.26391],[-78.367242,39.310148],[-78.364686,39.317312],[-78.35894,39.319484],[-78.346301,39.339108],[-78.347634,39.34272],[-78.339284,39.348605],[-78.34048,39.353492],[-78.366867,39.35929],[-78.343214,39.388807],[-78.350014,39.392861],[-78.349436,39.397252],[-78.359918,39.409028],[-78.346718,39.427618],[-78.353227,39.436792],[-78.346061,39.445613],[-78.345143,39.459484],[-78.349476,39.462205],[-78.347087,39.466012],[-77.828157,39.132329],[-77.822182,39.139985],[-77.821413,39.15241],[-77.805991,39.172421],[-77.793631,39.210125],[-77.771415,39.236776],[-77.767277,39.24938],[-77.770589,39.249393],[-77.770669,39.255262],[-77.762844,39.258445],[-77.747287,39.295001],[-77.730047,39.315666],[-77.719029,39.321125],[-77.692984,39.31845],[-77.677123,39.324077],[-77.650997,39.310784],[-77.615939,39.302722],[-77.592739,39.30129],[-77.566596,39.306121],[-77.561826,39.301913],[-77.560854,39.286152],[-77.540581,39.264947],[-77.486813,39.247586],[-77.45812,39.22614],[-77.459883,39.218682],[-77.47361,39.208407],[-77.477362,39.190495],[-77.505162,39.18205],[-77.516426,39.170891],[-77.527282,39.146236],[-77.524559,39.127821],[-77.519929,39.120925],[-77.4858,39.109303],[-77.458202,39.073723],[-77.38568,39.061987],[-77.340287,39.062991],[-77.293105,39.046508],[-77.274706,39.034091],[-77.248403,39.026909],[-77.244603,39.020109],[-77.255703,39.002409],[-77.249203,38.993709],[-77.249803,38.985909],[-77.234803,38.97631],[-77.232268,38.979502],[-77.221502,38.97131],[-77.197502,38.96681],[-77.183002,38.96881],[-77.148179,38.965002],[-77.1034,38.912911],[-77.0902,38.904211],[-77.067299,38.899211],[-77.058254,38.880069],[-77.049099,38.870712],[-77.046599,38.874912],[-77.039099,38.868112],[-77.031698,38.850512],[-77.032798,38.841712],[-77.044199,38.840212],[-77.044899,38.834712],[-77.039199,38.832212],[-77.035798,38.814913],[-77.041898,38.741514]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBaine, Kathryn E.","contributorId":349273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBaine","given":"Kathryn E.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallerman, Eric M.","contributorId":349274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallerman","given":"Eric M.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":204519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227694,"text":"ofr20211122 - 2022 - Abundance and distribution of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in the southcentral Alaska stock, 2014, 2017, and 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T12:14:03.562891","indexId":"ofr20211122","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-27T09:45:42","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1122","displayTitle":"Abundance and Distribution of Sea Otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) in the Southcentral Alaska Stock, 2014, 2017, and 2019","title":"Abundance and distribution of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in the southcentral Alaska stock, 2014, 2017, and 2019","docAbstract":"<p>The Southcentral Alaska (SCAK) sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) stock is the northernmost stock of sea otters, a keystone predator known for structuring nearshore marine ecosystems. We conducted aerial surveys within the range of the SCAK sea otter stock to provide recent estimates of sea otter abundance and distribution. We defined three survey regions: (1) Eastern Cook Inlet (2017), (2) Outer Kenai Peninsula (2019), and (3) Prince William Sound (2014 and 2017). Combined, the three regional estimates yielded an overall abundance estimate of 21,617 sea otters (standard error [SE] = 2,190) with an average density of 1.96 sea otters per square kilometer (km<sup>2</sup>; SE = 0.55). Sea otters were distributed unevenly across the survey regions and densities varied from 0.52 sea otters/km<sup>2</sup> (SE = 0.18) in the deep rock-walled glacial fjords along parts of the Outer Kenai Peninsula to nearly 20 sea otters/km<sup>2</sup> (SE = 6.70) in shallow soft-bottom communities such as those in Orca Inlet and Kachemak Bay. These survey results represent the best available contemporary information concerning the distribution, density, and abundance of sea otters across the range of the SCAK stock. Survey data files have been standardized and formatted in data releases associated with this report so that they can be queried and displayed with standard geographic information system and database management software. In addition to providing contemporary information on sea otter populations, this report details how an observer-based aerial survey method has been applied in Alaska over 2 decades.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Esslinger, G.G., Robinson, B.H., Monson, D.H., Taylor, R.L., Esler, D., Weitzman, B.P., and Garlich-Miller, J., 2021, Abundance and distribution of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in the southcentral Alaska stock, 2014, 2017, and 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1122, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211122.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.; 4 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125417","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394901,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TTJVBC","linkHelpText":"Sea otter aerial survey data from the outer Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, 2019"},{"id":394902,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KNKOG1","linkHelpText":"Sea otter aerial survey data from western Prince William Sound, Alaska, 2017"},{"id":394904,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/p9OG6SR5","linkHelpText":"Sea otter aerial survey data from northern and eastern Prince William Sound, Alaska, 2014"},{"id":394903,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q4DA3T","linkHelpText":"Sea otter aerial survey data from lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, 2017"},{"id":435988,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OG6SR5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Northern and Eastern Prince William Sound, Alaska, 2014"},{"id":394895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1122/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":394896,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1122/ofr20211122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              57.868131763328826\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.0419921875,\n              57.868131763328826\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.0419921875,\n              61.80428390136847\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              61.80428390136847\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              57.868131763328826\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/asc/connect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/asc/connect\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/asc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/asc/\">Alaska Science Center</a><br><a href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>4210 University Drive<br>Anchorage, Alaska 99508</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Methods&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Summary of Aerial Survey Results by Region&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Discussion&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Acknowledgments&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2022-01-27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Brian H. 0000-0001-8588-7162 brobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-7162","contributorId":191406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Brian","email":"brobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":831805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Rebecca L. 0000-0001-8459-7614 rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8459-7614","contributorId":5112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Rebecca","email":"rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weitzman, Ben P. 0000-0001-7559-3654 bweitzman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7559-3654","contributorId":5123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weitzman","given":"Ben P.","email":"bweitzman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garlich-Miller, Joel","contributorId":270332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garlich-Miller","given":"Joel","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70227651,"text":"sir20215118 - 2022 - Hydrology of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin: Characterization and integrated numerical model, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70228448,"text":"sir20215118A - 2022 - Hydrogeologic characterization of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin","indexId":"sir20215118A","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","displayTitle":"Hydrogeologic Characterization of the Yucaipa  Groundwater Subbasin","title":"Hydrogeologic characterization of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70227651,"text":"sir20215118 - 2022 - Hydrology of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin: Characterization and integrated numerical model, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","indexId":"sir20215118","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin: Characterization and integrated numerical model, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70228449,"text":"sir20215118B - 2022 - Yucaipa valley integrated hydrological model","indexId":"sir20215118B","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","displayTitle":"Yucaipa Valley Integrated Hydrological Model","title":"Yucaipa valley integrated hydrological model"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70227651,"text":"sir20215118 - 2022 - Hydrology of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin: Characterization and integrated numerical model, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","indexId":"sir20215118","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin: Characterization and integrated numerical model, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-02T19:49:01.180579","indexId":"sir20215118","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-26T08:06:48","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5118","displayTitle":"Hydrology of the Yucaipa Groundwater Subbasin: Characterization and Integrated Numerical Model, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","title":"Hydrology of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin: Characterization and integrated numerical model, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1><p>Water management in the Santa Ana River watershed in San Bernardino and Riverside Counties in southern California is a complex task with various water purveyors navigating geographic, geologic, hydrologic, and political challenges to provide a reliable water supply to stakeholders. As the population has increased throughout southern California, so has the demand for water. The Yucaipa groundwater subbasin (hereafter referred to as “Yucaipa subbasin”), one of nine groundwater subbasins in what the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) refers to as the Upper Santa Ana Valley groundwater basin (California Department of Water Resources, 2016; the DWR naming convention is used within this report), is no exception; steady population growth since the 1940s and changes in water use has forced local water purveyors to regularly adapt their water infrastructure to meet demand. Groundwater has historically been the dominant source of water in the Yucaipa subbasin although recently, imported water via the California State Water Project has augmented the total water supply. Despite the influx of imported water, overall demand for groundwater continues to rise, and there is concern by local water managers that groundwater levels may adversely impact water supply and (or) decline to a point where it will be uneconomical to produce water, severely limiting the ability of local agencies to meet water-supply demand.</p><p>To better understand the hydrogeology and water resources in the Yucaipa subbasin, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District initiated a cooperative study to understand the hydrogeologic system of the Yucaipa subbasin and in the encompassing Yucaipa Valley watershed (YVW). A three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework model was constructed to quantify the structure and extent of hydrogeologic units. Historical and present-day groundwater conditions were characterized to evaluate the groundwater-flow system. Lastly, the Yucaipa Integrated Hydrological Model (YIHM) was developed to simulate the integrated surface-water and groundwater systems, including natural and anthropogenic (that is, human influenced) recharge and discharge throughout the study area from 1947 to 2014.</p><p>The Yucaipa subbasin is an inland groundwater basin located about 12 miles (mi) southeast of the City of San Bernardino and about 75 mi east of Los Angeles, California. The subbasin encompasses about 39 square miles (mi<sup>2</sup>), including the City of Yucaipa. The geographic extent of the Yucaipa subbasin was established by the California Department of Water Resources, who defined the boundaries of the subbasin based on hydrogeologic transitions between crystalline rock and basin-fill sediments, active fault strands, surface-water drainage divides, and a portion of an adjudicated groundwater management boundary. Two groundwater subbasins of the Upper Santa Ana Valley groundwater basin are adjacent to the Yucaipa subbasin, the San Bernardino groundwater subbasin to the west and the San Timoteo groundwater subbasin to the south.</p><p>The Yucaipa subbasin is encompassed by the YVW, which is in turn comprised of three sub-watersheds that represent surface-water flow across and within the Yucaipa subbasin. Although the Yucaipa subbasin is the specific area of interest for this study, the entire YVW was considered for the purposes of characterizing the hydrogeology of the Yucaipa subbasin and for development of the YIHM.</p><p>The purposes of this report are to (1) describe the hydrologic and hydrogeologic settings of the Yucaipa subbasin and aquifer system, (2) describe the construction and calibration of the fully coupled groundwater and surface-water flow model for the Yucaipa subbasin and the encompassing YVW, referred to as the YIHM, and (3) present numerical results, including water budgets and hydraulic heads, and the effect of pumping and climate stresses (precipitation and temperature) on water-budget components.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Cromwell, G., and Alzraiee, A., eds., 2022, Hydrology of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin: Characterization and integrated numerical model, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5118, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215118.","productDescription":"Executive Summary: vi, 4 p.; Chapter A: viii, 81 p.; Chapter B: xii, 76 p.; 2 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-123424","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394827,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5118/images"},{"id":394823,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F7OYQR","text":"Data release of hydrogeologic data of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California"},{"id":394776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5118/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":394777,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5118/sir20215118.pdf","text":"Executive Summary","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":502121,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112154.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394835,"rank":8,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5118/sir20215118b.xml"},{"id":394834,"rank":7,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5118/sir20215118a.xml"},{"id":394826,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5118/sir20215118.xml"},{"id":394825,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K540DV","text":"GSFLOW model to evaluate the effect of groundwater pumpage and climate stresses on the integrated hydrologic system of the Yucaipa subbasin, Yucaipa Valley watershed, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County, San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.257080078125,\n              33.899486813913285\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.87736511230469,\n              33.899486813913285\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.87736511230469,\n              34.098159345215535\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.257080078125,\n              34.098159345215535\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.257080078125,\n              33.899486813913285\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov\">California Water Science Center</a><br><a href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>6000 J Street, Placer Hall<br>Sacramento, California 95819</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Executive Summary</li><li>Chapter A: Hydrogeologic Characterization of the Yucaipa Groundwater Subbasin</li><ul><li>Introduction&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Hydrogeology&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Water Budget&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Groundwater Levels, Flow, and Movement&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Hydrologic Flow Barriers&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Water Chemistry&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Summary&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>References Cited&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Appendix A1. Tables</li></ul><li>Chapter B: Yucaipa Valley Integrated Hydrological Model</li><ul><li>Acknowledgments&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Model Discretization&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Initial Conditions&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System Model Description&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>MODFLOW Model Description&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Integration of Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System and MODFLOW&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Integrated Model Calibration&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Calibration Results&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Simulated Hydrologic Budget&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Model Limitations&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Summary and Conclusions&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>References Cited&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Appendix B1. Calibration Using Ensemble Smoother&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Appendix B2. Evaluation of Streamflow Data Quality and Calibration Goodness-of-Fit</li></ul></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2022-01-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cromwell, Geoffrey 0000-0001-8481-405X gcromwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-405X","contributorId":5920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromwell","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gcromwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831554,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alzraiee, Ayman H. 0000-0001-7576-3449","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-3449","contributorId":272120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alzraiee","given":"Ayman","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831555,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70249495,"text":"70249495 - 2022 - Kinematic slip model of the July 8, 2021 M6.0 Antelope Valley, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T11:59:08.546906","indexId":"70249495","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-26T06:54:08","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10542,"text":"The Seismic Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinematic slip model of the July 8, 2021 M6.0 Antelope Valley, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>We present a kinematic slip model of the July 8, 2021 Antelope Valley earthquake from a finite-source inversion based on regional seismic waveforms and static offsets from GPS and InSAR. Seismic waveforms are employed at 6s dominant period out to 100 km from the epicenter, and the combined GPS and InSAR datasets cover the near field and far field out to ∼ 100 km and constrain the overall rupture size. The aftershock pattern defines a nearly north-striking, 50◦ east-dipping fault plane. We find a unilateral rupture along this fault plane propagating southward and updip with predominantly normal slip up to ∼ 1.5m. The estimated seismic moment of 8.47 × 10 22 17 Nm is equivalent to Mw 5.92. A finite-source inversion that retains seismic waveforms and GPS static offsets but omits InSAR range changes yields a seismic moment of 1.08 × 10 25 18 Nm (Mw 5.99). Despite vigorous aftershock activity between 10 km and Earth’s surface, coseismic slip is concentrated in the depth interval 7 - 10 km.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0320210043","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Wicks, C., and Hammond, W.M., 2022, Kinematic slip model of the July 8, 2021 M6.0 Antelope Valley, California, earthquake: The Seismic Record, v. 2, no. 1, p. 20-28, https://doi.org/10.1785/0320210043.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"28","ipdsId":"IP-133557","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0320210043","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.00,\n              39.00\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00,\n              38.00\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00,\n              38.00\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00,\n              39.00\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00,\n              39.00\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammond, William M","contributorId":292777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70262545,"text":"70262545 - 2022 - Redundancy analysis reveals complex den use patterns by eastern spotted skunks, a conditional specialist","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-22T18:32:02.773642","indexId":"70262545","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Redundancy analysis reveals complex den use patterns by eastern spotted skunks, a conditional specialist","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wildlife managers tasked with understanding habitat and resource selection at the population level attempt to characterize patterns in nature that aid and inform conservation. Resource selection functions (RSFs), such as discrete choice analyses, are the standard convention to characterize the effects of habitat attributes on resource selection patterns. These tools are invaluable for wildlife management and conservation and have proven successful in numerous studies. However, the analysis of small datasets using RSF becomes problematic when attempting to account for complex sources of variation, and the inclusion of factors such as weather or intrinsic variation on target species' response may produce models with poor predictive ability. We compared the application of generalized linear mixed-effects modeling (GLMM) and redundancy analysis (RDA) on Appalachian spotted skunk (</span><i>Spilogale putorius putorius</i><span>) den selection data at four study sites within the George Washington, Jefferson, and Monongahela National Forests, and surrounding private lands in the Appalachian Mountains of western Virginia and northeastern West Virginia. We assessed the need for the inclusion of alternative sources of variation (i.e., weather conditions and individual intrinsic variation) in addition to standard habitat attributes to better identify sources of variation in den selection. The RDA elucidated complex and opposing relationships, whereby den type use was based on reproductive status or weather condition, which were not evident in the GLMM model that relied solely on habitat measures. Our results demonstrated the importance of examining resource selection data using multivariate techniques in addition to conventional discrete choice analyses to better understand intricate habitat–species relationships, especially for small datasets. Furthermore, from our analyses, we proposed that spotted skunks are neither a true generalist nor specialist species. We introduced and define the term “conditional specialist” to represent a species that is conditionally selective of a given resource in response to one or more current environmental or intrinsic conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3913","usgsCitation":"Thorne, E., and Ford, W., 2022, Redundancy analysis reveals complex den use patterns by eastern spotted skunks, a conditional specialist: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 1, e3913, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3913.","productDescription":"e3913, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120640","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3913","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Viginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.973607,37.835817],[-75.982158,37.806226],[-75.9983,37.812626],[-75.999658,37.848198],[-75.973607,37.835817]]],[[[-76.029405,37.953776],[-75.994739,37.953501],[-76.032491,37.915008],[-76.04653,37.953586],[-76.029405,37.953776]]],[[[-75.242266,38.027209],[-75.359036,37.864143],[-75.374642,37.859454],[-75.40054,37.874865],[-75.437868,37.872324],[-75.514921,37.799149],[-75.581333,37.683593],[-75.610808,37.605909],[-75.612237,37.585602],[-75.594044,37.569698],[-75.666178,37.472124],[-75.665957,37.439209],[-75.720739,37.373129],[-75.735829,37.335426],[-75.778817,37.297176],[-75.798448,37.296285],[-75.79083,37.276207],[-75.799343,37.251779],[-75.790386,37.231225],[-75.804446,37.208011],[-75.800468,37.201029],[-75.897298,37.118037],[-75.912308,37.115154],[-75.92552,37.133601],[-75.945872,37.120514],[-75.97043,37.118608],[-75.978083,37.157338],[-76.013071,37.205366],[-76.010535,37.231579],[-76.025753,37.257407],[-76.015507,37.280874],[-76.023475,37.289067],[-76.018645,37.31782],[-75.987122,37.368548],[-75.981624,37.434116],[-75.960877,37.467562],[-75.958966,37.500133],[-75.940318,37.534582],[-75.941153,37.558436],[-75.924756,37.600215],[-75.868481,37.668224],[-75.859262,37.703111],[-75.837685,37.712985],[-75.827922,37.737986],[-75.803041,37.762464],[-75.818125,37.791698],[-75.784599,37.806826],[-75.743097,37.806656],[-75.689837,37.861817],[-75.687584,37.88634],[-75.709626,37.900622],[-75.753048,37.896605],[-75.757694,37.903912],[-75.712065,37.936082],[-75.693942,37.930362],[-75.669711,37.950796],[-75.647606,37.947027],[-75.648229,37.966775],[-75.635736,37.979536],[-75.630992,37.975667],[-75.625612,37.9898],[-75.242266,38.027209]]],[[[-77.041898,38.741514],[-77.042298,38.718515],[-77.053199,38.709915],[-77.079499,38.709515],[-77.132501,38.673816],[-77.1302,38.635017],[-77.157501,38.636417],[-77.202002,38.617217],[-77.216303,38.637817],[-77.246704,38.635217],[-77.247003,38.590618],[-77.26443,38.582845],[-77.26083,38.56533],[-77.310334,38.493926],[-77.32544,38.44885],[-77.310719,38.397669],[-77.317288,38.383576],[-77.296077,38.369797],[-77.279633,38.339444],[-77.240072,38.331598],[-77.162692,38.345994],[-77.138224,38.367917],[-77.08481,38.368297],[-77.043526,38.400548],[-77.011827,38.374554],[-77.030683,38.311623],[-76.96215,38.256486],[-76.962311,38.214075],[-76.910832,38.197073],[-76.875272,38.172207],[-76.838795,38.163476],[-76.760241,38.166581],[-76.721722,38.137635],[-76.701297,38.155718],[-76.613939,38.148587],[-76.600937,38.110084],[-76.543155,38.076971],[-76.516547,38.026566],[-76.469343,38.013544],[-76.462542,37.998572],[-76.416299,37.966828],[-76.343848,37.947345],[-76.265998,37.91138],[-76.236725,37.889174],[-76.251358,37.833072],[-76.275178,37.812664],[-76.293525,37.822717],[-76.307482,37.81235],[-76.312108,37.750522],[-76.304917,37.729913],[-76.312858,37.720338],[-76.300067,37.695364],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.332562,37.645817],[-76.292534,37.636098],[-76.279447,37.618225],[-76.309174,37.621892],[-76.36232,37.610368],[-76.381106,37.627003],[-76.399236,37.628636],[-76.472392,37.665772],[-76.489576,37.666201],[-76.497564,37.647056],[-76.510187,37.642324],[-76.536548,37.663574],[-76.537228,37.698892],[-76.584289,37.76889],[-76.651413,37.796239],[-76.680197,37.825654],[-76.701606,37.822677],[-76.72718,37.842263],[-76.747552,37.875864],[-76.765711,37.879274],[-76.784618,37.869569],[-76.723863,37.788503],[-76.689773,37.78519],[-76.680922,37.759647],[-76.663887,37.751887],[-76.61971,37.744795],[-76.61997,37.731271],[-76.597213,37.717269],[-76.574049,37.646781],[-76.542666,37.616857],[-76.435474,37.612807],[-76.410781,37.581815],[-76.300144,37.561734],[-76.302762,37.551295],[-76.330598,37.536391],[-76.348992,37.536548],[-76.360474,37.51924],[-76.352678,37.504913],[-76.32947,37.49492],[-76.306952,37.497488],[-76.293599,37.516499],[-76.265056,37.481365],[-76.245283,37.386839],[-76.264847,37.357399],[-76.275552,37.309964],[-76.308581,37.329366],[-76.337476,37.364014],[-76.415167,37.402133],[-76.418176,37.385064],[-76.437525,37.37975],[-76.445333,37.36646],[-76.406388,37.332924],[-76.381075,37.28534],[-76.352556,37.278334],[-76.36229,37.270226],[-76.417173,37.26395],[-76.429141,37.25331],[-76.48284,37.254831],[-76.50364,37.233856],[-76.471799,37.216016],[-76.394132,37.22515],[-76.394756,37.157568],[-76.348658,37.170655],[-76.334017,37.144223],[-76.292344,37.126615],[-76.271262,37.084544],[-76.304272,37.001378],[-76.312048,37.000371],[-76.318065,37.013846],[-76.34011,37.015212],[-76.383367,36.993347],[-76.411768,36.962847],[-76.428869,36.969947],[-76.464471,37.027547],[-76.518242,37.055351],[-76.526203,37.077773],[-76.536875,37.083942],[-76.564219,37.077507],[-76.579499,37.096627],[-76.618252,37.119347],[-76.622252,37.142146],[-76.604476,37.160034],[-76.623292,37.198738],[-76.649869,37.220914],[-76.730951,37.213813],[-76.75047,37.190098],[-76.780532,37.209336],[-76.801023,37.206043],[-76.802511,37.198308],[-76.747632,37.150548],[-76.73032,37.145395],[-76.715295,37.148035],[-76.685614,37.198851],[-76.663774,37.173875],[-76.671588,37.14206],[-76.656894,37.109843],[-76.669822,37.06426],[-76.662558,37.045748],[-76.646013,37.036228],[-76.586491,37.02874],[-76.524853,36.983833],[-76.521006,36.973187],[-76.500355,36.965212],[-76.487559,36.952372],[-76.482135,36.901108],[-76.469914,36.882898],[-76.454692,36.884077],[-76.441605,36.906116],[-76.387567,36.899547],[-76.385867,36.923247],[-76.345569,36.924531],[-76.333158,36.917293],[-76.327365,36.959447],[-76.315867,36.955351],[-76.285063,36.968747],[-76.22166,36.939547],[-76.095508,36.908817],[-76.033454,36.931946],[-75.996252,36.922047],[-75.94955,36.76115],[-75.890946,36.630753],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-80.122183,36.542646],[-81.677535,36.588117],[-81.6469,36.611918],[-81.922644,36.616213],[-81.934144,36.594213],[-83.670128,36.600764],[-83.648314,36.622683],[-83.577312,36.641784],[-83.529612,36.666184],[-83.423707,36.667385],[-83.307103,36.711387],[-83.199698,36.737487],[-83.136395,36.743088],[-83.125728,36.761276],[-83.132477,36.764398],[-83.131694,36.781488],[-83.103092,36.806689],[-83.102092,36.828189],[-83.07379,36.844889],[-83.07559,36.850589],[-83.026887,36.855489],[-83.006086,36.847889],[-82.998376,36.85663],[-82.911824,36.874243],[-82.878569,36.889585],[-82.870068,36.901735],[-82.877473,36.90796],[-82.858635,36.927785],[-82.856099,36.952471],[-82.867358,36.963182],[-82.864909,36.97901],[-82.840051,36.987113],[-82.829961,37.003555],[-82.782144,37.008242],[-82.745562,37.029839],[-82.743684,37.041397],[-82.726279,37.042098],[-82.727022,37.073019],[-82.717204,37.079544],[-82.724954,37.091905],[-82.722097,37.120168],[-82.633493,37.154264],[-82.498858,37.227044],[-82.355343,37.26522],[-81.968297,37.537798],[-81.970147,37.546504],[-82.013966,37.533564],[-82.038972,37.547926],[-82.044382,37.529017],[-82.061256,37.536001],[-82.073246,37.555023],[-82.116584,37.559588],[-82.131776,37.552423],[-82.143183,37.565773],[-82.124372,37.57641],[-82.127321,37.586667],[-82.156718,37.59279],[-82.15611,37.604945],[-82.1692,37.613028],[-82.164767,37.618292],[-82.18143,37.621842],[-82.174688,37.646529],[-82.191444,37.644378],[-82.18632,37.629292],[-82.192394,37.625606],[-82.215649,37.626244],[-82.21669,37.639956],[-82.23939,37.661465],[-82.252273,37.656907],[-82.282297,37.675826],[-82.286446,37.670127],[-82.302312,37.675554],[-82.297325,37.699817],[-82.318879,37.733763],[-82.333044,37.740969],[-82.312968,37.760677],[-82.333816,37.765391],[-82.323696,37.772534],[-82.377393,37.803009],[-82.385259,37.81741],[-82.39871,37.808785],[-82.39968,37.829935],[-82.420484,37.846809],[-82.41546,37.854132],[-82.421983,37.859397],[-82.409799,37.865392],[-82.419204,37.882081],[-82.462881,37.914832],[-82.472523,37.899243],[-82.474666,37.910388],[-82.487556,37.916975],[-82.481001,37.924303],[-82.501862,37.9332],[-82.471657,37.959988],[-82.483836,37.971566],[-82.46938,37.973059],[-82.464257,37.983412],[-82.513271,37.999674],[-82.54958,38.068579],[-82.584039,38.090663],[-82.585696,38.107003],[-82.621164,38.123239],[-82.644739,38.165487],[-82.613487,38.170242],[-82.598437,38.217393],[-82.61252,38.234553],[-82.607131,38.245975],[-82.586061,38.245616],[-82.574656,38.263873],[-82.583056,38.296829],[-82.572691,38.318801],[-82.596525,38.342849],[-82.596281,38.417681],[-82.540199,38.403666],[-82.404882,38.439347],[-82.381773,38.434783],[-82.330335,38.4445],[-82.304223,38.496308],[-82.291271,38.578983],[-82.26207,38.598183],[-82.205171,38.591719],[-82.177267,38.603784],[-82.172066,38.625984],[-82.190867,38.680383],[-82.182867,38.705482],[-82.188268,38.734082],[-82.198882,38.757725],[-82.220449,38.773739],[-82.221566,38.787187],[-82.191172,38.815137],[-82.147667,38.83698],[-82.139224,38.86502],[-82.143167,38.898079],[-82.111666,38.932579],[-82.089065,38.975978],[-82.051563,38.994378],[-82.038763,39.022678],[-82.007062,39.029578],[-81.987061,39.011978],[-81.982032,38.995697],[-81.936828,38.990414],[-81.89847,38.929603],[-81.928352,38.895371],[-81.898541,38.874582],[-81.858921,38.89019],[-81.845312,38.910088],[-81.844486,38.928746],[-81.825026,38.946603],[-81.785647,38.926193],[-81.759995,38.925828],[-81.756131,38.933545],[-81.78182,38.964935],[-81.764253,39.015279],[-81.808955,39.055178],[-81.813855,39.079278],[-81.775554,39.078378],[-81.747253,39.095378],[-81.744621,39.148413],[-81.756254,39.177276],[-81.725583,39.215835],[-81.694603,39.224107],[-81.69638,39.257035],[-81.683627,39.270939],[-81.643178,39.277195],[-81.570247,39.267675],[-81.557547,39.338774],[-81.456143,39.409274],[-81.435642,39.408474],[-81.412706,39.394618],[-81.391249,39.348814],[-81.375961,39.341697],[-81.347567,39.34577],[-81.275677,39.383786],[-81.217315,39.38759],[-81.185946,39.430731],[-81.132534,39.446275],[-81.070594,39.515991],[-80.970436,39.590127],[-80.925841,39.617396],[-80.88036,39.620706],[-80.866647,39.652616],[-80.863698,39.691724],[-80.829764,39.711839],[-80.869933,39.763555],[-80.826079,39.798584],[-80.824276,39.847159],[-80.793131,39.863751],[-80.793989,39.882787],[-80.809011,39.903226],[-80.806018,39.91713],[-80.756432,39.91393],[-80.764511,39.946602],[-80.740126,39.970793],[-80.742045,40.005641],[-80.730904,40.046672],[-80.736804,40.080072],[-80.709102,40.101472],[-80.705994,40.151591],[-80.6681,40.199671],[-80.652098,40.24497],[-80.622497,40.26177],[-80.599895,40.317669],[-80.612796,40.347668],[-80.609695,40.374968],[-80.633596,40.390467],[-80.615195,40.399867],[-80.612295,40.434867],[-80.594794,40.471366],[-80.618003,40.502049],[-80.627507,40.535793],[-80.667781,40.578096],[-80.627171,40.619936],[-80.603876,40.625064],[-80.576736,40.614224],[-80.518991,40.638801],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-79.476662,39.721078],[-79.487651,39.279933],[-79.486873,39.205961],[-79.476037,39.203728],[-79.43983,39.217074],[-79.387023,39.26554],[-79.35375,39.278039],[-79.33238,39.299919],[-79.29271,39.298729],[-79.282037,39.323048],[-79.255306,39.335874],[-79.253928,39.354085],[-79.213961,39.36532],[-79.197937,39.386132],[-79.16722,39.393256],[-79.16134,39.411895],[-79.143827,39.408517],[-79.129816,39.419901],[-79.094702,39.473253],[-79.056583,39.471014],[-79.046276,39.483801],[-79.030343,39.465403],[-78.956751,39.440264],[-78.953333,39.463645],[-78.938751,39.483732],[-78.918142,39.485858],[-78.891197,39.5189],[-78.868966,39.531366],[-78.851196,39.559924],[-78.813512,39.56772],[-78.82636,39.577333],[-78.826009,39.588829],[-78.809347,39.608063],[-78.795857,39.606934],[-78.801741,39.627488],[-78.775241,39.645687],[-78.76584,39.648487],[-78.778477,39.624405],[-78.763171,39.618897],[-78.748499,39.626262],[-78.733553,39.615533],[-78.747063,39.60569],[-78.77686,39.604027],[-78.760196,39.582154],[-78.733979,39.586618],[-78.726342,39.567587],[-78.675629,39.540371],[-78.593871,39.535158],[-78.565929,39.519444],[-78.521388,39.52479],[-78.474178,39.51624],[-78.449499,39.542281],[-78.421105,39.54678],[-78.423287,39.556319],[-78.450207,39.570889],[-78.457187,39.587379],[-78.443175,39.591155],[-78.408031,39.578593],[-78.395317,39.584215],[-78.431524,39.614484],[-78.425902,39.624548],[-78.374732,39.608635],[-78.382487,39.628216],[-78.358343,39.625581],[-78.355218,39.640576],[-78.265088,39.619274],[-78.254077,39.640089],[-78.223597,39.661097],[-78.233012,39.670471],[-78.227333,39.676121],[-78.201081,39.677866],[-78.182759,39.69511],[-78.101737,39.680286],[-78.03886,39.638121],[-78.00233,39.600488],[-77.952104,39.606358],[-77.949836,39.58711],[-77.94215,39.584933],[-77.93545,39.608076],[-77.944133,39.614617],[-77.937492,39.61915],[-77.916836,39.602942],[-77.888477,39.597343],[-77.88111,39.606214],[-77.886959,39.613329],[-77.833568,39.602936],[-77.83633,39.56637],[-77.878451,39.563493],[-77.886436,39.551947],[-77.865351,39.538381],[-77.86368,39.515032],[-77.827188,39.530458],[-77.82565,39.516895],[-77.847639,39.500698],[-77.80183,39.489395],[-77.774374,39.4995],[-77.765551,39.493025],[-77.795485,39.481824],[-77.798201,39.475719],[-77.778522,39.463663],[-77.799294,39.458383],[-77.78611,39.447197],[-77.80086,39.440841],[-77.792751,39.430593],[-77.754681,39.424658],[-77.740012,39.401694],[-77.738084,39.386211],[-77.753804,39.379624],[-77.744144,39.365139],[-77.74593,39.353221],[-77.759315,39.345314],[-77.755789,39.333899],[-77.727379,39.321666],[-77.675846,39.324192],[-77.615939,39.302722],[-77.570041,39.30635],[-77.540581,39.264947],[-77.486813,39.247586],[-77.46021,39.228359],[-77.478596,39.189168],[-77.516426,39.170891],[-77.526728,39.137315],[-77.519929,39.120925],[-77.4858,39.109303],[-77.452827,39.072468],[-77.340287,39.062991],[-77.293105,39.046508],[-77.248403,39.026909],[-77.244603,39.020109],[-77.255703,39.002409],[-77.249803,38.985909],[-77.234803,38.97631],[-77.151084,38.965832],[-77.137701,38.95531],[-77.1034,38.912911],[-77.070099,38.900711],[-77.058254,38.880069],[-77.040599,38.871212],[-77.031698,38.850512],[-77.044899,38.834712],[-77.038098,38.815613],[-77.041898,38.741514]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorne, Emily D.","contributorId":349621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorne","given":"Emily D.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":924521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227465,"text":"sir20215135 - 2022 - Groundwater hydrology in the area of Savannah and Gunstocker Creeks in northeastern Hamilton, southern Meigs, and northwestern Bradley Counties, Tennessee, 2007–09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T16:26:04.962799","indexId":"sir20215135","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-25T13:59:52","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5135","displayTitle":"Groundwater Hydrology in the Area of Savannah and Gunstocker Creeks in Northeastern Hamilton, Southern Meigs, and Northwestern Bradley Counties, Tennessee, 2007–09","title":"Groundwater hydrology in the area of Savannah and Gunstocker Creeks in northeastern Hamilton, southern Meigs, and northwestern Bradley Counties, Tennessee, 2007–09","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Savannah Valley Utility District, evaluated the groundwater hydrology of the Valley and Ridge carbonate rock aquifer in northeastern Hamilton, southern Meigs, and northwestern Bradley Counties, Tennessee, from 2007 through 2009. The evaluation included, and built on, the results of test drilling conducted in the area in 1974 to determine the potential for groundwater as a source of public supply for the utility and the results of an investigation conducted to define recharge areas for wells used by groundwater-source public-supply water systems throughout Hamilton County in the early 1990s.</p><p>Groundwater-level data collected from wells open to the aquifer in the study area were used to prepare potentiometric-surface maps for fall 1992, spring and fall 1993, summer 2008, and spring 2009 conditions. Two primary groundwater basins were delineated from the maps—the larger of which coincides with the watershed of Savannah Creek in the southern part of the study area and the smaller of which coincides with the watershed of Gunstocker Creek in the northern part of the study area. Both basins are characterized by potentiometric surfaces that contain a central area of low-altitude groundwater levels and low gradients relative to the basin margins that reflect the orientation of enhanced permeability along dissolution-enlarged features that have developed parallel to strike in the aquifer. The recharge area of the Savannah Creek groundwater basin is estimated to be about 31 square miles, and the recharge area of the Gunstocker Creek groundwater basin is estimated to be about 17 square miles.</p><p>Recharge to the aquifer in the Savannah Creek and Gunstocker Creek groundwater basins primarily occurs in the uplands area along White Oak Mountain in the eastern part of the study area and along the western boundaries of the basins. Groundwater flows toward the potentiometric lows in each basin, discharging as base flow to the streams and to springs locally. Groundwater withdrawals for public supply by the utility influence the potentiometric low in the north-central part of the Savannah Creek groundwater basin and disrupt flow in the creek and nearby Anderson Spring, particularly during the summer and fall seasons. No large groundwater withdrawals currently occur in the Gunstocker Creek basin, but there is potential for groundwater supply development in the basin.</p><p>A conceptual model of the groundwater hydrology of the area developed from the evaluation indicates that Chickamauga Lake is the base-level control on groundwater discharge from the Savannah Creek and Gunstocker Creek basins and that lake stage affects the potentiometric surfaces and groundwater discharge in the most downgradient parts of the basins as a result of inferred hydraulic connection between the aquifer and the lake. The model also infers that captured surface water from sections of Savannah Creek and the Hiwassee River that are embayed by the lake could recharge the aquifer and serve as a source of water withdrawn by wells in each basin if the potentiometric surfaces were lowered to altitudes less than the stage of the lake, particularly under potential future groundwater-development scenarios in the Gunstocker Creek basin.</p><p>Geochemical analysis of samples collected from six wells for the study indicate that groundwater in the Valley and Ridge aquifer in the area generally is a calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type, and although the water generally is hard, it is suitable for most uses. Trace-element concentrations were less than primary drinking-water criteria in all the samples.</p><p>Results of the investigation indicate that options are available for additional groundwater withdrawal in the study area. Water-level data collected since 1975 at the Savannah Valley Utility District Smith Road well site indicate that some additional amount of groundwater is available for withdrawal from the aquifer in the Savannah Creek groundwater basin. The potentiometric low within the Gunstocker Creek groundwater basin indicates that an area with enhanced permeability is present as a northeastern counterpart to the potentiometric low within the Savannah Creek basin. Because the Gunstocker Creek basin is about one-half the total area of the Savannah Creek basin, a commensurate decrease in available groundwater storage is likely. Furthermore, groundwater withdrawal locations in the Gunstocker Creek basin would be closer to—and possibly connected hydraulically to—the Hiwassee River, thus increasing the potential for induced surface-water recharge in the basin if sustained drawdown from pumping lowered groundwater levels to altitudes less than the stage of the river.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215135","isbn":"978-1-4113-4435-8","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Savannah Valley Utility District","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Carmichael, J.K., 2022, Groundwater hydrology in the area of Savannah and Gunstocker Creeks in northeastern Hamilton, southern Meigs, and northwestern Bradley Counties, Tennessee, 2007–09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5135, 31 p., 5 pls., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215135.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 31 p.; Data Release; 5 Plates: 20.00 x 30.00 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-104265","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394456,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5135/sir20215135.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5135"},{"id":394455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5135/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502281,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112151.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394458,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QVHDI5","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial data for groundwater potentiometric-surface maps in northeastern Hamilton, southern Meigs, and northwestern Bradley Counties, Tennessee, fall 1992, spring and fall 1993, summer 2008, and spring 2009"},{"id":394457,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5135/sir20215135_plates.pdf","text":"Plates 1–5","size":"2.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5135 Plates"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Bradley County, Meigs County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.86,35.3502],[-84.8381,35.3405],[-84.8326,35.3322],[-84.8135,35.3266],[-84.809,35.327],[-84.8073,35.3261],[-84.8051,35.3252],[-84.8046,35.3233],[-84.8024,35.317],[-84.8002,35.3156],[-84.7957,35.3155],[-84.7901,35.3146],[-84.7844,35.3136],[-84.7755,35.3085],[-84.766,35.3003],[-84.7583,35.292],[-84.7527,35.2888],[-84.7454,35.2878],[-84.742,35.2882],[-84.7375,35.2895],[-84.7313,35.2903],[-84.7257,35.2885],[-84.7224,35.2821],[-84.723,35.278],[-84.7242,35.2766],[-84.7264,35.2758],[-84.7338,35.2754],[-84.7394,35.2759],[-84.7467,35.276],[-84.749,35.2746],[-84.7513,35.2724],[-84.7508,35.2692],[-84.7463,35.2655],[-84.7403,35.2564],[-84.7375,35.255],[-84.733,35.254],[-84.729,35.2545],[-84.7245,35.2558],[-84.7183,35.2584],[-84.7149,35.2598],[-84.7115,35.2602],[-84.7042,35.2574],[-84.7009,35.2546],[-84.6981,35.2514],[-84.697,35.2491],[-84.6976,35.2482],[-84.6999,35.2478],[-84.7038,35.2478],[-84.7066,35.2483],[-84.7106,35.2479],[-84.7134,35.2461],[-84.7146,35.2416],[-84.7101,35.2402],[-84.7063,35.2379],[-84.7068,35.237],[-84.7159,35.2312],[-84.7143,35.2289],[-84.7115,35.2279],[-84.698,35.2264],[-84.7021,35.2192],[-84.7021,35.2169],[-84.7028,35.2115],[-84.7,35.2097],[-84.6995,35.2042],[-84.6984,35.201],[-84.7032,35.1847],[-84.7005,35.177],[-84.7012,35.1711],[-84.7041,35.1638],[-84.7151,35.1431],[-84.7476,35.0862],[-84.7375,35.0825],[-84.7358,35.0816],[-84.7411,35.0716],[-84.7492,35.0567],[-84.7598,35.0255],[-84.7667,35.012],[-84.7725,35.0002],[-84.7755,34.9896],[-84.8108,34.9893],[-84.8978,34.9888],[-84.977,34.9884],[-84.9644,35.0098],[-84.9615,35.0152],[-84.9648,35.0175],[-84.9654,35.0161],[-84.9699,35.018],[-84.9693,35.0198],[-84.9943,35.035],[-84.9998,35.0437],[-85.0015,35.046],[-84.9998,35.0491],[-84.9946,35.0591],[-84.9996,35.0614],[-85.0018,35.0628],[-84.9996,35.0664],[-84.9949,35.0754],[-85,35.0768],[-85.0067,35.0792],[-85.0095,35.0824],[-85.0071,35.0882],[-85.0098,35.101],[-85.0235,35.1251],[-85.0263,35.1279],[-85.0268,35.1311],[-85.0255,35.1433],[-85.0238,35.1492],[-85.017,35.1483],[-85.0159,35.1523],[-85.0136,35.1555],[-85.0107,35.1568],[-85.0079,35.1618],[-85.0072,35.1691],[-85.0049,35.1731],[-85.01,35.1745],[-85.007,35.1877],[-84.9989,35.2035],[-84.9944,35.2021],[-84.9898,35.208],[-84.9795,35.2233],[-84.9754,35.2364],[-84.9708,35.2441],[-84.9674,35.2468],[-84.9611,35.2545],[-84.9661,35.259],[-84.966,35.2609],[-84.9643,35.2617],[-84.961,35.2631],[-84.9564,35.2662],[-84.9552,35.2703],[-84.9557,35.2735],[-84.9506,35.2771],[-84.9427,35.282],[-84.946,35.287],[-84.9471,35.2893],[-84.9582,35.3003],[-84.9642,35.3108],[-84.9665,35.3112],[-84.9669,35.3217],[-84.9767,35.3463],[-84.9788,35.359],[-84.9833,35.3641],[-84.9905,35.3668],[-85.0005,35.3801],[-85.0084,35.3833],[-85.0175,35.3743],[-85.0231,35.3762],[-85.0248,35.3767],[-85.031,35.3799],[-85.0279,35.3985],[-85.0233,35.4048],[-85.0188,35.4111],[-85.0091,35.4165],[-85,35.4223],[-84.9903,35.429],[-84.9822,35.4403],[-84.981,35.4489],[-84.9832,35.453],[-84.9854,35.4612],[-84.9847,35.4662],[-84.9784,35.4707],[-84.9695,35.4679],[-84.9673,35.4633],[-84.9618,35.451],[-84.9568,35.446],[-84.9456,35.4395],[-84.9253,35.4371],[-84.9202,35.4379],[-84.9122,35.4429],[-84.9065,35.4496],[-84.9036,35.4546],[-84.9044,35.4732],[-84.8987,35.4813],[-84.8907,35.4853],[-84.876,35.4874],[-84.8675,35.4905],[-84.8577,35.5004],[-84.8576,35.5086],[-84.8615,35.5145],[-84.876,35.5238],[-84.8799,35.5292],[-84.8792,35.5383],[-84.8751,35.5492],[-84.8688,35.5541],[-84.8592,35.5549],[-84.8281,35.5505],[-84.8045,35.5462],[-84.7971,35.5498],[-84.7942,35.5543],[-84.7957,35.5611],[-84.7991,35.5639],[-84.8047,35.5694],[-84.808,35.5744],[-84.809,35.5816],[-84.8044,35.5871],[-84.7873,35.5923],[-84.7805,35.5963],[-84.7787,35.5999],[-84.7764,35.6045],[-84.7768,35.6117],[-84.7818,35.6218],[-84.7845,35.6295],[-84.7832,35.6377],[-84.7803,35.644],[-84.7768,35.6512],[-84.7787,35.6698],[-84.7781,35.6775],[-84.7763,35.683],[-84.7694,35.6897],[-84.7663,35.7006],[-84.7607,35.7019],[-84.7533,35.6991],[-84.75,35.695],[-84.749,35.6881],[-84.7485,35.6836],[-84.7469,35.6786],[-84.7452,35.6781],[-84.7389,35.6803],[-84.7212,35.6919],[-84.7232,35.7074],[-84.7202,35.715],[-84.7116,35.7254],[-84.7115,35.7304],[-84.7136,35.7363],[-84.7236,35.7509],[-84.7236,35.7532],[-84.7163,35.7468],[-84.7141,35.7422],[-84.7028,35.7416],[-84.6988,35.7411],[-84.699,35.733],[-84.6985,35.7253],[-84.6986,35.718],[-84.6766,35.7173],[-84.6761,35.7105],[-84.6716,35.7104],[-84.6723,35.7032],[-84.6638,35.7031],[-84.6631,35.7103],[-84.654,35.7102],[-84.6545,35.7175],[-84.6448,35.7169],[-84.6453,35.7247],[-84.6362,35.7246],[-84.6368,35.7205],[-84.6301,35.719],[-84.6241,35.7067],[-84.6265,35.6995],[-84.6226,35.6963],[-84.6283,35.69],[-84.631,35.666],[-84.6306,35.6587],[-84.6198,35.659],[-84.6201,35.645],[-84.6298,35.6401],[-84.6344,35.6338],[-84.6374,35.6293],[-84.6478,35.6158],[-84.6542,35.6054],[-84.6583,35.5977],[-84.6663,35.5906],[-84.6748,35.5884],[-84.6777,35.5857],[-84.6841,35.5781],[-84.6876,35.5722],[-84.6916,35.5659],[-84.6969,35.5578],[-84.7009,35.5524],[-84.7055,35.5461],[-84.7108,35.5361],[-84.7206,35.5267],[-84.7246,35.5231],[-84.7286,35.52],[-84.7331,35.5187],[-84.74,35.516],[-84.7428,35.5138],[-84.748,35.5102],[-84.748,35.5075],[-84.7504,35.5025],[-84.7498,35.5007],[-84.7544,35.4971],[-84.7579,35.4926],[-84.7573,35.4894],[-84.7602,35.4863],[-84.7687,35.485],[-84.7716,35.4805],[-84.7705,35.4778],[-84.7706,35.4746],[-84.7712,35.4728],[-84.7775,35.4656],[-84.782,35.4638],[-84.7843,35.4652],[-84.7882,35.4648],[-84.7946,35.4562],[-84.798,35.4572],[-84.8014,35.4554],[-84.8003,35.4499],[-84.8054,35.4486],[-84.8066,35.4459],[-84.8049,35.445],[-84.801,35.4427],[-84.8022,35.4377],[-84.805,35.4364],[-84.8146,35.4374],[-84.8228,35.4216],[-84.8217,35.4188],[-84.8183,35.4184],[-84.8172,35.417],[-84.8206,35.4143],[-84.8242,35.4052],[-84.8292,35.4058],[-84.8338,35.4017],[-84.835,35.3985],[-84.839,35.394],[-84.8471,35.3791],[-84.8529,35.3701],[-84.8588,35.3557],[-84.8588,35.3543],[-84.86,35.3502]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bradley\",\"state\":\"TN\"}}]}","contact":"<p><a data-mce-href=\"mailto:%20gs-w-lmg_center_director@usgs.gov\" href=\"mailto:%20gs-w-lmg_center_director@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/lmg-water\" href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/lmg-water\">Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100<br>Nashville, TN 37211<br></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of the Study Area</li><li>Groundwater Hydrology</li><li>Conceptualization of the Groundwater System</li><li>Groundwater Quality</li><li>Groundwater Development</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Wells and water-level measurements used to construct potentiometric-surface maps of the Valley and Ridge aquifer in the Savannah Valley Utility District study area in East Tennessee</li><li>Appendix 2. Methods Used for Construction of Potentiometric-Surface Maps and Delineation of Groundwater Basins</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2022-01-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carmichael, John K. 0000-0003-1099-841X jkcarmic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-841X","contributorId":4554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"John","email":"jkcarmic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227650,"text":"ofr20221002 - 2022 - Photomosaics and logs associated with study of West Napa Fault at Ehlers Lane, north of Saint Helena, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T17:57:41.470365","indexId":"ofr20221002","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-24T12:57:56","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1002","displayTitle":"Photomosaics and Logs of Trenches Associated With Study of West Napa Fault at Ehlers Lane, North of Saint Helena, California","title":"Photomosaics and logs associated with study of West Napa Fault at Ehlers Lane, north of Saint Helena, California","docAbstract":"<p>The West Napa Fault has previously been mapped as extending ~45 kilometers (km) from northern Vallejo to southern Saint Helena, California, dominantly running along the western edge of Napa Valley. A zone of fault strands (some previously unmapped) along a ~15-km section of the fault ruptured during the 2014 magnitude 6.0 South Napa earthquake, illustrating the need for further investigation of this little-studied structure. Based on light detection and ranging (lidar) topography and field examination, the fault zone likely extends an additional 10 km or more northward past Saint Helena. In this vicinity, geomorphology suggests two fault strands, one along the range front and another associated with a line of rounded hills that rise 5–10 meters above the middle of the valley. In 2017, we excavated two trenches across an apparent fault scarp on the east side of one elongate hill near Ehlers Lane north of Saint Helena. Examination of the walls revealed three main sedimentary packages. The oldest package, weakly lithified alluvial fan gravels with local sand and silt layers, is tilted 25°–35° to the west. Overlying these tilted strata are two younger sets of strata. On the west side, underlying the crest of the scarp, are alluvial fan gravels with local sand and silt lenses, potentially tilted a few degrees to the west. On the east side, deposited against the scarp, are much finer grained (dominantly fine sand to silt) subhorizontal fluvial strata, likely overbank deposits from the Napa River. We obtained age control on the two younger units through a combination of radiocarbon, infrared-stimulated luminescence, and obsidian hydration dating, establishing that they are latest Pleistocene to modern in age. Although there are no prominent unconformities within the alluvial fan sediments, sample dating indicates there are two generations, one in the 10–20 thousand year (ka) age range and one in the &lt;3 ka age range. Owing to a general lack of well-defined laterally continuous alluvial fan units, it is difficult to distinguish contacts between the two generations except in the immediate proximity of dated samples. The river sediments approximately span the Holocene. No faults were apparent in either trench, indicating that any fault related to the observed surface deformation has not ruptured to the surface at this site during the Holocene and is likely blind.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221002","usgsCitation":"Philibosian, B.E., Sickler, R.R., Prentice, C.S., Pickering, A.J., Gannon, P., Broudy, K.N., Mahan, S.A., Titular, J.N., Turner, E.A., Folmar, C., Patterson, S.F., and Bowman, E.E., 2022, Photomosaics and logs associated with study of West Napa Fault at Ehlers Lane, north of Saint Helena, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1002, 1 sheet, pamphlet 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221002.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; 1 Sheet: 82.00 x 43.00 inches","numberOfPages":"8","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-114127","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501537,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112153.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394764,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1002/ofr20221002_sheet.pdf","size":"80 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394763,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1002/ofr20221002_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"300 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1002/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Saint Helena","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.58407592773438,\n              38.47294404791815\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.38494873046875,\n              38.47294404791815\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.38494873046875,\n              38.586820096127674\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58407592773438,\n              38.586820096127674\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58407592773438,\n              38.47294404791815\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-hazards/connect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-hazards/connect\">Contact Information</a>, Menlo Park, Calif.<br><a href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/\">Office—Earthquake Science Center</a><br><a href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>345 Middlefield Road, MS 977<br>Menlo Park, CA 94025</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Detailed Descriptions of Stratigraphic Units</li><li>Age Determination</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2022-01-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Philibosian, Belle E. 0000-0003-3138-4716","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-4716","contributorId":206110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philibosian","given":"Belle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sickler, Robert R. 0000-0002-9141-625X rsickler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-625X","contributorId":3235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","email":"rsickler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prentice, Carol S. 0000-0003-3732-3551 cprentice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3551","contributorId":2676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"Carol","email":"cprentice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pickering, Alexandra J. 0000-0002-1281-6117 apickering@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-6117","contributorId":5990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"Alexandra","email":"apickering@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gannon, Patrick","contributorId":272114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gannon","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":831546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Broudy, Kiara N. 0000-0001-9720-2159","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-2159","contributorId":272115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Broudy","given":"Kiara","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":831547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Titular, Jazmine N.","contributorId":272116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Titular","given":"Jazmine","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Turner, Eli A. 0000-0002-4387-5806","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-5806","contributorId":272117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Eli","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33776,"text":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":831550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Folmar, Cameron","contributorId":272118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Folmar","given":"Cameron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":831551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Patterson, Sierra F. 0000-0001-9501-6838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-6838","contributorId":215931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Sierra","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bowman, Emilie E.","contributorId":272119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Emilie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":831553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70227497,"text":"70227497 - 2022 - Major reorganization of the Snake River modulated by passage of the Yellowstone Hotspot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T16:32:47.42119","indexId":"70227497","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-20T08:34:43","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major reorganization of the Snake River modulated by passage of the Yellowstone Hotspot","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>The details and mechanisms for Neogene river reorganization in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountains have been debated for over a century with key implications for how tectonic and volcanic systems modulate topographic development. To evaluate paleo-drainage networks, we produced an expansive data set and provenance analysis of detrital zircon U-Pb ages from Miocene to Pleistocene fluvial strata along proposed proto-Snake and Columbia River pathways. Statistical comparisons of Miocene-Pliocene detrital zircon spectra do not support previously hypothesized drainage routes of the Snake River. We use detrital zircon unmixing models to test prior Snake River routes against a newly hypothesized route, in which the Snake River circumnavigated the northern Rocky Mountains and entered the Columbia Basin from the northeast prior to incision of Hells Canyon. Our proposed ancestral Snake River route best matches detrital zircon age spectra throughout the region. Furthermore, this northerly Snake River route satisfies and provides context for shifts in the sedimentology and fish faunal assemblages of the western Snake River Plain and Columbia Basin through Miocene−Pliocene time. We posit that eastward migration of the Yellowstone Hotspot and its effect on thermally induced buoyancy and topographic uplift, coupled with volcanic densification of the eastern Snake River Plain lithosphere, are the primary mechanisms for drainage reorganization and that the eastern and western Snake River Plain were isolated from one another until the early Pliocene. Following this basin integration, the substantial increase in drainage area to the western Snake River Plain likely overtopped a bedrock threshold that previously contained Lake Idaho, which led to incision of Hells Canyon and establishment of the modern Snake and Columbia River drainage network.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B36174.1","usgsCitation":"Staisch, L.M., O'Connor, J., Cannon, C.M., Holm-Denoma, C., Link, P.K., Lasher, J., and Alexander, J.A., 2022, Major reorganization of the Snake River modulated by passage of the Yellowstone Hotspot: GSA Bulletin, v. 134, no. 7-8, p. 1834-1844, https://doi.org/10.1130/B36174.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1834","endPage":"1844","ipdsId":"IP-126190","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b36174.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":394579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Hells Canyon, Lake Idaho, Rocky Mountains, Snake River, Yellowstone Hotspot","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.80859375,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.80859375,\n              50.17689812200107\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              50.17689812200107\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"134","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staisch, Lydia M. 0000-0002-1414-5994 lstaisch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-5994","contributorId":167068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staisch","given":"Lydia","email":"lstaisch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":831182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Charles M. 0000-0003-4136-2350 ccannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-2350","contributorId":247680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Charles","email":"ccannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Link, Paul K.","contributorId":271204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Link","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lasher, John","contributorId":271205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lasher","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":56315,"text":"Ellensburg, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alexander, Jeremy A.","contributorId":271206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":56316,"text":"Riggins, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70227488,"text":"sir20215129 - 2022 - Geology and hydrogeology of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T16:23:00.999879","indexId":"sir20215129","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-19T13:33:32","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5129","displayTitle":"Geology and Hydrogeology of the Yucaipa Groundwater Subbasin, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","title":"Geology and hydrogeology of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Yucaipa groundwater subbasin (referred to in this report as the Yucaipa subbasin) is located about 75 miles (mi) east of of Los Angeles and about 12 mi southeast of the City of San Bernardino. In the Yucaipa subbasin, as in much of southern California, limited annual rainfall and large water demands can strain existing water supplies; therefore, understanding local surface water and groundwater conditions is essential for managing these resources. To better understand the hydrogeology and water resources in the Yucaipa subbasin, especially groundwater, the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District and the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a cooperative study to evaluate the hydrogeologic system of the Yucaipa subbasin and the encompassing Yucaipa Valley watershed. Previous studies of the area provided information on general geologic and hydrologic conditions, but this study provides the first comprehensive definition of the hydrogeology of the subsurface throughout the entire subbasin.</p><p>The Yucaipa subbasin is located between the northwest trending San Andreas fault zone and San Jacinto fault. Several northeast-trending dip-slip faults dissect the Yucaipa subbasin, providing the mechanism for structural relief within the sediment-filled subbasin and between the subbasin and surrounding mountains and highlands. Several of these dip-slip faults have been previously identified as potential barriers to groundwater flow. This report provides a synthesis of previous studies and a discussion of the geologic interpretations that were used as the foundation for hydrogeologic classification of the Yucaipa subbasin. Notably, this report (1) adopts the recently named and classified sedimentary deposits of Live Oak Canyon geologic formation and extends the mapped distribution of the formation into the Yucaipa subbasin, and (2) adopts the interpretation that activity along the Banning fault predates the deposition of most basin-fill sedimentary materials in the Yucaipa subbasin.</p><p>Four hydrogeologic units were classified in the Yucaipa subbasin: (1) crystalline basement, (2) consolidated sedimentary materials, (3) unconsolidated sediment, and (4) surficial materials. The crystalline basement unit forms the bottom boundary of the aquifer system, and the three other units comprise the basin-fill aquifer system. The four hydrogeologic units vary in extent, thickness, and structural relief across the subbasin, with the unconsolidated sediment unit serving as the primary aquifer unit. A three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework model was developed for the Yucaipa subbasin and surrounding area to characterize the thickness, extent, and hydrogeologic variability of the aquifer system. Geologic maps, borehole geophysical logs, drillers’ lithology logs, and depth-to-basement gravity data were used to map and interpolate the subsurface extent and structure of the hydrogeologic units within the subbasin. Faults and structures of geologic and (or) hydrogeologic importance were included in the model for future evaluation of their potential effects on groundwater flow. The resulting hydrogeologic framework is consistent with existing geologic concepts and the tectonic and structural history of the Yucaipa subbasin and surrounding area. The framework is also suitable for use in basin-scale hydrogeologic investigations.</p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with San Bernardino Municipal Valley Water District","usgsCitation":"Cromwell, G., and Matti, J.C., 2022, Geology and hydrogeology of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California (ver. 1.1, May 2022): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5129, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215129.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 58 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-114623","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394522,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5129/sir20215129.xml"},{"id":394523,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5129/images"},{"id":394520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5129/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":394521,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5129/sir20215129_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400789,"rank":4,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20215129/full","text":"Report","description":"SIR 2021-5129"},{"id":394524,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F7OYQR","linkHelpText":"Data release of hydrogeologic data of the Yucaipa groundwater subbasin, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California"},{"id":400790,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5129/versionHist.txt","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":502280,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112126.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County, Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Yucaipa groundwater subbasin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.40264892578124,\n              33.69006708322201\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.40289306640624,\n              33.69006708322201\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.40289306640624,\n              34.120900139826965\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.40264892578124,\n              34.120900139826965\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.40264892578124,\n              33.69006708322201\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: January 19, 2022; Version 1.1: May 18, 2022","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov\">California Water Science Center</a><br><a href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>6000 J Street, Placer Hall<br>Sacramento, California 95819</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Description of Study Area&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Geology of the Yucaipa Groundwater Subbasin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Hydrogeologic Framework Model&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Summary&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>References Cited&nbsp;</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2022-01-19","revisedDate":"2022-05-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cromwell, Geoffrey 0000-0001-8481-405X gcromwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-405X","contributorId":5920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromwell","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gcromwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matti, Jonathan C. 0000-0001-5961-9869 jmatti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-9869","contributorId":167192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmatti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231252,"text":"70231252 - 2022 - Seismic background noise levels across the continental United States from USArray Transportable Array: The influence of geology and geography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T16:53:37.67699","indexId":"70231252","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-18T08:32:05","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic background noise levels across the continental United States from USArray Transportable Array: The influence of geology and geography","docAbstract":"Since 2004, the most complete estimate of background noise levels across the continental U.S. was attained using 61 broadband seismic stations to calculate power spectral density (PSD) probability density functions. To improve seismic noise estimates across the U.S., we examine vertical component seismic data from the EarthScope USArray Transportable Array seismic network that rolled across the U.S. and southeastern Canada between 2004 and 2015 and form a large (10 TB) PSD database from 1679 stations that contains no smoothing or binning of the spectral estimates. Including station outages, our database has a mean of 98.9% data completeness, and we present maps showing the spatial and temporal variability of seismic noise in six bands of interest between 0.2- and 75-s period. At 0.2 s period, seismic noise across the eastern U.S. is predominantly anthropogenically generated and may be subsequently amplified more than 20 decibels in the sandy and water-saturated sediments of the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain and Mississippi Embayment. In these sediments, 1 s noise shows similar amplification and is generated through a variety of mechanisms including cultural activity throughout Kentucky and the southeastern Appalachian Mountains, lake waves around the Great Lakes, and ocean waves throughout New England, the Pacific Northwest, and Florida. Both 0.2 and 1 s noise levels are the lowest in the Intermountain West portion of the U.S. We attribute this to a combination of installations on crystalline rocks and reduced population density. Finally, we find that sensors emplaced in sandy, water-saturated sediments observe median, diurnal variations in vertical component power at 18 to 75 s period, which we infer arise through local deformation driven by pressure variations. Ultimately, our results underscore that for shallow (<5 m depth) sensor installation, bedrock provides superior broadband noise performance compared to unconsolidated sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120210176","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R.E., Ringler, A.T., and Wilson, D.C., 2022, Seismic background noise levels across the continental United States from USArray Transportable Array: The influence of geology and geography: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 112, no. 2, p. 646-668, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210176.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"668","ipdsId":"IP-131111","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.64,\n                48.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.32914,\n                48.67074\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.63087,\n                48.60926\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.61,\n                48.45\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.64,\n                48.14\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.83,\n                48.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.6,\n                48.01\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.27292,\n                48.01981\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.37811,\n                48.30292\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.43979,\n                47.94\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.46199,\n                47.55334\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.65236,\n                47.22022\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.87608,\n                46.90008\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.77924,\n                46.6371\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.54375,\n                46.53868\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.6049,\n                46.4396\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.3367,\n                46.40877\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.14212,\n                46.51223\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.09185,\n                46.27542\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.89077,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.61613,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.46955,\n                45.99469\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.59285,\n                45.81689\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.55092,\n                45.34752\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.33776,\n                44.44\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.13764,\n                43.57109\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43,\n                42.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.9,\n                42.43\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.12,\n                42.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.142,\n                41.97568\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.02981,\n                41.8328\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.69009,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43928,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.27775,\n                42.20903\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.24745,\n                42.3662\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.93936,\n                42.86361\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.92,\n                42.965\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.01,\n                43.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.17167,\n                43.46634\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.72028,\n                43.62509\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.73789,\n                43.62906\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.82003,\n                43.62878\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.5,\n                44.01846\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.375,\n                44.09631\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.31821,\n                44.81645\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.867,\n                45.00048\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.34783,\n                45.00738\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.50506,\n                45.0082\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.405,\n                45.255\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.08482,\n                45.30524\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.66,\n                45.46\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.305,\n                45.915\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.99997,\n                46.69307\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.23722,\n                47.44778\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.905,\n                47.185\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.23444,\n                47.35486\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79046,\n                47.06636\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79134,\n                45.70281\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.13741,\n                45.13753\n              ],\n              [\n                -66.96466,\n                44.8097\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.03252,\n                44.3252\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.06,\n                43.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.11617,\n                43.68405\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64548,\n                43.09024\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.81489,\n                42.8653\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.825,\n                42.335\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.495,\n                41.805\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.08,\n                41.78\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.185,\n                42.145\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.88497,\n                41.92283\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.96503,\n                41.63717\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64,\n                41.475\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.12039,\n                41.49445\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.86,\n                41.32\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.295,\n                41.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.87643,\n                41.22065\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.71,\n                40.9311\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.24126,\n                41.11948\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.945,\n                40.93\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.345,\n                40.63\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.982,\n                40.628\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.95232,\n                40.75075\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.25671,\n                40.47351\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.96244,\n                40.42763\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.17838,\n                39.70926\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.90604,\n                38.93954\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.98041,\n                39.1964\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.20002,\n                39.24845\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.52805,\n                39.4985\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.32,\n                38.96\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.07183,\n                38.78203\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.05673,\n                38.40412\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.37747,\n                38.01551\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.94023,\n                37.21689\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.03127,\n                37.2566\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72205,\n                37.93705\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.23287,\n                38.31921\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.35,\n                39.15\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.54272,\n                38.71762\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.32933,\n                38.08326\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.99,\n                38.23999\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.30162,\n                37.91794\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.25874,\n                36.9664\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.9718,\n                36.89726\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.86804,\n                36.55125\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72749,\n                35.55074\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.36318,\n                34.80854\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.39763,\n                34.51201\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.05496,\n                33.92547\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.55435,\n                33.86133\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.06067,\n                33.49395\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.20357,\n                33.15839\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.30132,\n                32.50935\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.86498,\n                32.0333\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33629,\n                31.44049\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.49042,\n                30.72999\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.31371,\n                30.03552\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.98,\n                29.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53558,\n                28.47213\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53,\n                28.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.05654,\n                26.88\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.08801,\n                26.20576\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.13156,\n                25.81677\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.38103,\n                25.20616\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.68,\n                25.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.17213,\n                25.20126\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33,\n                25.64\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.71,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.24,\n                26.73\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.70515,\n                27.49504\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.85526,\n                27.88624\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.65,\n                28.55\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.93,\n                29.1\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.70959,\n                29.93656\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.1,\n                30.09\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.10882,\n                29.63615\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.28784,\n                29.68612\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.7731,\n                30.15261\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.4,\n                30.4\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.53036,\n                30.27433\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.41782,\n                30.3849\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.18049,\n                30.31598\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.59383,\n                30.15999\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.41373,\n                29.89419\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.43,\n                29.48864\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.21767,\n                29.29108\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.40823,\n                29.15961\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.77928,\n                29.30714\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.15463,\n                29.11743\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.88022,\n                29.14854\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.62678,\n                29.677\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.49906,\n                29.5523\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.22637,\n                29.78375\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.84842,\n                29.71363\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.69,\n                29.48\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.60026,\n                28.73863\n              ],\n              [\n                -96.59404,\n                28.30748\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                27.83\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.37,\n                27.38\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.38,\n                26.69\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.33,\n                26.21\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.53,\n                25.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -98.24,\n                26.06\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.02,\n                26.37\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.3,\n                26.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.52,\n                27.54\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.11,\n                28.11\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.45584,\n                28.69612\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.9576,\n                29.38071\n              ],\n              [\n                -101.6624,\n                29.7793\n              ],\n              [\n                -102.48,\n                29.76\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.11,\n                28.97\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.94,\n                29.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.45697,\n                29.57196\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.70575,\n                30.12173\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.03737,\n                30.64402\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.63159,\n                31.08383\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.1429,\n                31.39995\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.50759,\n                31.75452\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24,\n                31.75485\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24194,\n                31.34222\n              ],\n              [\n                -109.035,\n                31.34194\n              ],\n              [\n                -111.02361,\n                31.33472\n              ],\n              [\n                -113.30498,\n                32.03914\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.815,\n                32.52528\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.72139,\n                32.72083\n              ],\n              [\n                -115.99135,\n                32.61239\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.12776,\n                32.53534\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.29594,\n                33.04622\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.944,\n                33.62124\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.4106,\n                33.74091\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.51989,\n                34.02778\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.081,\n                34.078\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.43884,\n                34.34848\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.36778,\n                34.44711\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.62286,\n                34.60855\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.74433,\n                35.15686\n              ],\n              [\n                -121.71457,\n                36.16153\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.54747,\n                37.55176\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.51201,\n                37.78339\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.95319,\n                38.11371\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.7272,\n                38.95166\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.86517,\n                39.76699\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39807,\n                40.3132\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.17886,\n                41.14202\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.2137,\n                41.99964\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.53284,\n                42.76599\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.14214,\n                43.70838\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.02053,\n                44.6159\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.89893,\n                45.52341\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.07963,\n                46.86475\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39567,\n                47.72017\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.68721,\n                48.18443\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.5661,\n                48.37971\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.12,\n                48.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.58736,\n                47.096\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.34,\n                47.36\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.5,\n                48.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.84,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -120,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.03121,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -116.04818,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -113,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -110.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -107.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.04826,\n                48.99986\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.65,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.22872,\n                49.0007\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15907,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":3946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70228669,"text":"70228669 - 2022 - Geographic variation and thermal plasticity shape salamander metabolic rates under current and future climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-17T11:44:32.416322","indexId":"70228669","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-15T10:18:10","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variation and thermal plasticity shape salamander metabolic rates under current and future climates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Predicted changes in global temperature are expected to increase extinction risk for ectotherms, primarily through increased metabolic rates. Higher metabolic rates generate increased maintenance energy costs which are a major component of energy budgets. Organisms often employ plastic or evolutionary (e.g., local adaptation) mechanisms to optimize metabolic rate with respect to their environment. We examined relationships between temperature and standard metabolic rate across four populations of a widespread amphibian species to determine if populations vary in metabolic response and if their metabolic rates are plastic to seasonal thermal cues. Populations from warmer climates lowered metabolic rates when acclimating to summer temperatures as compared to spring temperatures. This may act as an energy saving mechanism during the warmest time of the year. No such plasticity was evident in populations from cooler climates. Both juvenile and adult salamanders exhibited metabolic plasticity. Although some populations responded to historic climate thermal cues, no populations showed plastic metabolic rate responses to future climate temperatures, indicating there are constraints on plastic responses. We postulate that impacts of warming will likely impact the energy budgets of salamanders, potentially affecting key demographic rates, such as individual growth and investment in reproduction.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.8433","usgsCitation":"Munoz, D.J., Miller, D., Schilder, R., and Campbell Grant, E.H., 2022, Geographic variation and thermal plasticity shape salamander metabolic rates under current and future climates: Ecology and Evolution, v. 12, no. 1, e8433,12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8433.","productDescription":"e8433,12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116918","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8433","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RKLDFU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Report to NECSC: Adaptive capacity in a forest indicator species"},{"id":396069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -58.3154296875,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.16113281250001,\n              47.60616304386874\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.3466796875,\n              49.5822260446217\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.5546875,\n              49.724479188712984\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8046875,\n              48.69096039092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6943359375,\n              47.42808726171425\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.19921875,\n              48.31242790407178\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.9677734375,\n              49.63917719651036\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2744140625,\n              49.89463439573421\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.361328125,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.361328125,\n              45.24395342262324\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.669921875,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.6376953125,\n              43.35713822211053\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.9345703125,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.6376953125,\n              40.713955826286046\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59374999999999,\n              38.65119833229951\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              37.96152331396614\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.4296875,\n              38.30718056188316\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.814453125,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.49609375,\n              38.54816542304656\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.529296875,\n              38.44498466889473\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.03515625,\n              40.34654412118006\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7275390625,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0458984375,\n              38.37611542403604\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.30957031249999,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0458984375,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96875,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.44140625,\n              36.13787471840729\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.705078125,\n              35.31736632923788\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6064453125,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              36.13787471840729\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.6845703125,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.4326171875,\n              40.04443758460856\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.60937499999999,\n              41.409775832009565\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.48828125,\n              42.4234565179383\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.4453125,\n              44.77793589631623\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.181640625,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6982421875,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              -58.3154296875,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.13037109375,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.42724609375,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.42724609375,\n              44.824708282300236\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.13037109375,\n              44.824708282300236\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.13037109375,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munoz, D. J.","contributorId":279475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munoz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6975,"text":"Penn State","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, D. A. W.","contributorId":264739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"D. A. W.","affiliations":[{"id":6975,"text":"Penn State","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilder, R.","contributorId":279476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schilder","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6975,"text":"Penn State","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70227372,"text":"ofr20211120 - 2022 - Implementation plan of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program strategy—Great Lakes (Central Lowland and Superior Upland Physiographic Provinces)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T17:51:49.580485","indexId":"ofr20211120","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-14T14:40:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1120","displayTitle":"Implementation Plan of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program Strategy—Great Lakes (Central Lowland and Superior Upland Physiographic Provinces)","title":"Implementation plan of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program strategy—Great Lakes (Central Lowland and Superior Upland Physiographic Provinces)","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1><p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP) has published a strategic plan entitled “Renewing the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program as the Nation’s Authoritative Source for Modern Geologic Knowledge”. This plan provides the following vision, mission, and goals for the program for the years 2020–30:</p><ul><li>Vision: create an integrated, three-dimensional (3D), digital geologic map of the United States.</li><li>Mission: characterize, interpret, and disseminate a national geologic framework model of the Earth through geologic mapping.</li><li>Goal: focus on geological mapping as a core function of the USGS within the long-term vision and mission of creating a digital geologic map and geologic framework model of the Nation.</li></ul><p>To achieve the goal outlined in the strategic plan, the NCGMP has developed an Implementation Plan. This Implementation Plan will guide annual reviews of the FEDMAP component (that is, the component of the USGS NCGMP that funds geologic mapping by USGS geologists) of the NCGMP projects described in the plan and the development of the annual FEDMAP prospectus, which will ensure the application of the NCGMP strategy.</p><p>This publication is part of the Implementation Plan of the NCGMP strategy and addresses the following three major topics:</p><ol><li>continued development of a consistent National geologic map and database;</li><li>the major unanswered geologic questions in the region; and</li><li>the societal concerns associated with these geologic questions, such as hazards, geologic and hydrologic resources, and environmental issues.</li></ol><p>The regions used in this chapter correspond with physiographic divisions of the United States as defined by Fenneman. Physiographic divisions are delineated on the basis of topography, and to a lesser extent, the geologic structure and history. The physiographic divisions are subdivided into physiographic provinces, and the physiographic provinces are subdivided into physiographic sections. Fenneman’s physiographic divisions of the United States provide a robust and useful spatial organization for delineating large geographic regions of the United States for various scientific and industrial applications.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211120","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C.S., Blome, C.D., Kincare, K.A., Lundstrom, S.C., Stone, B.D., Sweetkind, D.S., Berg, R.C., Brown, S.E., and Yellich, J.A., 2022, Implementation plan of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program strategy—Great Lakes (Central Lowland and Superior Upland Physiographic Provinces): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1120, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211120.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-128891","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501534,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112124.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394416,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20211120/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1120/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":394245,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1120/ofr20211120.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1120"},{"id":394246,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1120/images/"},{"id":394247,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1120/ofr20211120.XML"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes (Central Lowland and Superior Upland Physiographic Provinces)","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.701171875,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.234375,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.234375,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.701171875,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.701171875,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/florence-bascom-geoscience-center\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/florence-bascom-geoscience-center\">Florence Bascom Geoscience Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, VA 21092</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Scientific and Societal Relevance</li><li>Geological Mapping Strategy</li><li>Geologic Mapping Scientific Objectives</li><li>Geologic Mapping Work Plan and Strategy</li><li>Capability Gaps</li><li>Partners</li><li>Anticipated Impacts</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2022-01-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S. 0000-0003-4019-9264 cswezey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-9264","contributorId":173033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher","email":"cswezey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kincare, Kevin A. 0000-0002-1050-3627 kkincare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1050-3627","contributorId":2106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kincare","given":"Kevin","email":"kkincare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lundstrom, Scott C. 0000-0003-4149-2219 sclundst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-2219","contributorId":2446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"Scott","email":"sclundst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. 0000-0003-0892-4796 dsweetkind@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-4796","contributorId":139913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Berg, Richard C.","contributorId":192821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berg","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, Steven E.","contributorId":192822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yellich, John A.","contributorId":243236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yellich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33641,"text":"Michigan Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
]}