The hydrologic data in this report were collected in Beaver Dam Wash and adjacent areas of Washington County, Utah, Lincoln County, Nevada, andMohave County, Arizona, from 1991 to 1995; some historical data from as far back as 1932 are included for comparative purposes. The data include records of about 100 wells, drillers' and geologic logs of selected wells, and results of chemical analyses of water from wells, springs, and surface-water sites. Discharge, water temperature, and specific-conductance measurements are reported for 33 surface-water and spring sites. Daily mean discharge data are reported for two U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations on Beaver Dam Wash (1992-95). The data were collected as part of a study done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources; the Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; and the Arizona Department of Water Resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr96493","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department Of Natural Resources, Division Of Water Resources; Nevada Department Of Conservation And Natural Resources; and the Arizona Department Of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Enright, M., 1996, Selected hydrologic data for the Beaver Dam Wash area, Washington County, Utah, Lincoln County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-493, Report: iv, 36 p.; Plate: 18.05 in x 26.53 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96493.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 36 p.; Plate: 18.05 in x 26.53 in","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0493/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52380,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0493/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52381,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0493/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","county":"Lincoln County, Mohave County, Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Dam Wash","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8ab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enright, Michael","contributorId":99979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enright","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22923,"text":"ofr96494 - 1996 - Selected hydrologic data for Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah, 1967-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T17:07:21","indexId":"ofr96494","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-494","title":"Selected hydrologic data for Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah, 1967-95","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data were collected in Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah, from 1993 to 1995 to better understand the hydrologic system. Data from earlier years also are presented. Data collected from wells include well-completion data, lithology, waterlevel measurements, and physical properties of the water. Data collected from springs and surfacewater sites include discharge and physical properties of the water. Water samples collected from ground- and surface-water sites were analyzed for isotopes and chlorofluorocarbons.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr96494","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Downhour, P., and Brooks, L.E., 1996, Selected hydrologic data for Snyderville Basin, Park City, and adjacent areas, Summit County, Utah, 1967-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-494, iv, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96494.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":52328,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0494/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0494/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Summit County","city":"Park City","otherGeospatial":"Snyderville Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downhour, Paul downhour@usgs.gov","contributorId":968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downhour","given":"Paul","email":"downhour@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22662,"text":"ofr96555 - 1996 - Hydrologic data for 1994-96 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr96555","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-555","title":"Hydrologic data for 1994-96 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program","docAbstract":"This report presents data on precipitation, water levels, and water quality that have been collected or compiled for water years 1994 through 1996 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program, under the guidance of the Bureau of Reclamation. This is the second report for the project. The first report (Carter, 1995) presented data collected through water year 1993. The purpose of the Huron Project is to demonstrate the artificial recharge potential of glacial aquifers in eastern South Dakota. High flows from the James River during spring runoff were used as a source of supplemental recharge for the Warren aquifer, which is a buried, glacial aquifer. In 1990, 70 observation wells were installed by the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) specifically for this study, and 15 existing DENR observation wells were incorporated into the study. In 1993, the recharge well was installed. After a trial injection of recharge water in April 1994, continuous injection began in June 1994. Many sites were monitored to obtain information before, during, and after recharging the aquifer. This report presents data that were collected during the three phases of recharge. Precipitation data are collected at two sites within the study area. A site description and daily precipitation for water years 1994-95 are presented for one precipitation site. Water-level hydrographs are presented for the 85 observation wells and the recharge well. Hydrographs are shown for the period from October 1, 1993, through November 29, 1995. Recharge water was injected from June 2, 1994, through July 29, 1994, and from June 14, 1995, through September 13, 1995. The cumulative volume of injected water and the injection rates into the aquifer are presented for the periods of recharge. Water-quality data were collected from screening, detailed, and plume-monitoring sampling programs. Screening water-quality data for six observation wells are presented. These data include primarily field parameters and common ions. The four detailed sampling sites represent the quality of untreated water, treated water, and ground water from the Warren aquifer. Data presented for the detailed sampling program include field parameters, bacteria counts, and concentrations of common ions, solids, nutrients, trace elements, radiometrics, total organic carbon, herbicides, insecticides, and volatile organic compounds. Water-quality data for the plume-monitoring sampling program were collected from 25 sites during injection of recharge water into the Warren aquifer in 1994 and 1995. The data for the plume-monitoring program include primarily field parameters and common ions. Data for quality-assurance samples also are presented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96555","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., 1996, Hydrologic data for 1994-96 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-555, vi, 131 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96555.","productDescription":"vi, 131 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0555/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0555/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":17637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":188659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25751,"text":"wri964227 - 1996 - Relation of physical and chemical characteristics of streams to fish communities in the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:24:12","indexId":"wri964227","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4227","title":"Relation of physical and chemical characteristics of streams to fish communities in the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1993-95","docAbstract":"Fish community composition was determined at 33 reaches (average length 150 meters) at 22 sites in the Red River of the North Basin during 1994. Sites were selected to represent a range of stream sizes and ecoregions within the basin. Physical and chemical characteristics (classified in data sets of instream habitat, terrestrial habitat, hydrology, and water quality) were determined for various sites for periods ranging from two to 48 years. Instream habitat measurements were made from 1993 through 1995 for 31 reaches at 19 sites. Terrestrial habitat measures of land use/land cover, soils, and riparian zones were determined from a geographical information system coverage for 23 reaches at 14 sites. The geographical information system coverage used data from aerial photographs taken from 1990 and 1991, National Wetlands Inventory data, soils maps from the Natural Resource Conservation Service, and data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture soils data base. Water chemistry data were collected from 14 sites in the basin from 1993 through 1994. Hydrologic variability was determined from U.S. Geological Survey gaging records. Correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal components analysis were used to determine representative variables which accounted for the most variation in each data set. The representative variables and the fish community data were analyzed with canonical correspondence analysis to determine the relative effect of each source of environmental influence on fish community composition. Instream habitat, terrestrial habitat, and hydrologic variability were analyzed together. Water chemistry data were analyzed separately due to a lack of corresponding sites.
\nWithin the instream habitat data set, measures of habitat volume (channel width and depth) and habitat diversity were most significant in explaining the variability of the fish communities. The amount of nonagricultural land and riparian zone integrity from the terrestrial habitat data set were also useful in explaining fish community composition. Variability of mean monthly discharge and the frequency of high and low discharge events during the three years prior to fish sampling were the most influential of the hydrologic variables.The first two axes of the canonical correspondence analysis accounted for 43.3 percent of the variation in the fish community and 52.5 percent of the variation in the environmental-species relation. Water-quality indicators such as the percent of fine material in suspended sediment, minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations, minimum concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, and the range of concentrations of major ions and nutrients were the variables that were most important in the canonical correspondence analysis of water-quality data with fish. No single environmental variable or data set appeared to be more important than another in explaining variation in the fish community. The environmental factors affecting the fish communities of the Red River of the North are interrelated. For the most part, instream environmental conditions (instream habitat, hydrology, and water chemistry) appear to be more important in explaining variability in fish community composition than factors related to the agricultural nature of the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri964227","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, R.M., Stauffer, J.C., Larson, P., and Lorenz, D., 1996, Relation of physical and chemical characteristics of streams to fish communities in the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4227, viii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964227.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54513,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4227/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River of the North Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ], [ -99.99755859375, 48.99463598353408 ], [ -99.964599609375, 48.915279853443806 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.88639177703194 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.719961222646276 ], [ -99.86572265625, 48.61112192003074 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.46563710044979 ], [ -99.68994140625, 48.356249029540706 ], [ -99.6240234375, 48.22467264956519 ], [ -99.700927734375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -99.82177734375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -99.99755859375, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.338134765625, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.879512933970496 ], [ -100.21728515624999, 47.82053186746053 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.7097615426664 ], [ -100.4150390625, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -100.51391601562499, 47.53203824675999 ], [ -100.250244140625, 47.42065432071321 ], [ -100.01953125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -99.84374999999999, 47.4355191531953 ], [ -99.766845703125, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -99.6240234375, 47.71715357016648 ], [ -99.393310546875, 47.73193447949174 ], [ -99.140625, 47.746711194756 ], [ -98.76708984374999, 47.68757916850813 ], [ -98.602294921875, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -98.4814453125, 47.47266286861342 ], [ -98.536376953125, 47.30903424774781 ], [ -98.58032226562499, 47.15236927446393 ], [ -98.45947265625, 46.965259400349275 ], [ -98.32763671875, 46.7549166192819 ], [ -98.118896484375, 46.626806395355175 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.55886030311719 ], [ -98.19580078125, 46.430285240839964 ], [ -98.15185546874999, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.05036097561633 ], [ -97.943115234375, 45.91294412737392 ], [ -97.701416015625, 45.85176048817254 ], [ -97.31689453125, 45.836454050187726 ], [ -97.152099609375, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.96533203125, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.88842773437499, 45.78284835197676 ], [ -96.767578125, 45.71385093029221 ], [ -96.45996093749999, 45.67548217560647 ], [ -96.43798828125, 45.61403741135093 ], [ -96.40502929687499, 45.54483149242463 ], [ -96.15234375, 45.60635207711834 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.805828539928356 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.92822950933618 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 46.13417004624326 ], [ -95.833740234375, 46.195042108660154 ], [ -95.723876953125, 46.07323062540838 ], [ -95.49316406249999, 46.126556302418514 ], [ -95.526123046875, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.31658418182218 ], [ -95.284423828125, 46.52863469527167 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.702202151643455 ], [ -95.2734375, 46.875213396722685 ], [ -95.29541015625, 47.08508535995384 ], [ -95.2734375, 47.19717795172789 ], [ -95.284423828125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -95.25146484374999, 47.44294999517949 ], [ -95.086669921875, 47.56170075451973 ], [ -94.95483398437499, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -94.58129882812499, 47.65058757118734 ], [ -94.3505859375, 47.76148371616669 ], [ -94.19677734375, 47.857402894658236 ], [ -93.9990234375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -94.02099609375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -94.19677734375, 48.23199134320962 ], [ -94.33959960937499, 48.32703913063476 ], [ -94.625244140625, 48.31973404047173 ], [ -95.00976562499999, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.1416015625, 48.45106561953216 ], [ -95.07568359375, 48.596592251456705 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.61838518688487 ], [ -95.350341796875, 48.65468584817256 ], [ -95.372314453125, 48.741700879765396 ], [ -95.3173828125, 48.821332549646634 ], [ -95.33935546875, 48.90805939965008 ], [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634bfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, R. M.","contributorId":98305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stauffer, J. C.","contributorId":25597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, P.R.","contributorId":81520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21695,"text":"ofr96331 - 1996 - Concentrations and transport of atrazine in the Delaware River-Perry Lake system, northeast Kansas, July 1993 through September 1995","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21695,"text":"ofr96331 - 1996 - Concentrations and transport of atrazine in the Delaware River-Perry Lake system, northeast Kansas, July 1993 through September 1995","indexId":"ofr96331","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Concentrations and transport of atrazine in the Delaware River-Perry Lake system, northeast Kansas, July 1993 through September 1995"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":30,"text":"wsp2489 - 1997 - Concentrations and transport of atrazine in the Delaware River-Perry Lake system, northeast Kansas, July 1992 through September 1995","indexId":"wsp2489","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Concentrations and transport of atrazine in the Delaware River-Perry Lake system, northeast Kansas, July 1992 through September 1995"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":30,"text":"wsp2489 - 1997 - Concentrations and transport of atrazine in the Delaware River-Perry Lake system, northeast Kansas, July 1992 through September 1995","indexId":"wsp2489","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Concentrations and transport of atrazine in the Delaware River-Perry Lake system, northeast Kansas, July 1992 through September 1995"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T19:29:14.71254","indexId":"ofr96331","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-331","title":"Concentrations and transport of atrazine in the Delaware River-Perry Lake system, northeast Kansas, July 1993 through September 1995","docAbstract":"A study of the distribution and transport of atrazine in surface water in the 1,117 square-mile Delaware River Basin in northeast Kansas was conducted from July 1992 through September 1995. The purpose of this report is to present information to assess the present (1992-95) conditions and possible future changes in the distribution and magnitude of atrazine concentrations, loads, and yields spatially, temporally, and in relation to hydrologic conditions and land-use characteristics.
A network of 11 stream-monitoring and sam-ple-collection sites was established within the basin. Stream-water samples were collected during a wide range of hydrologic conditions throughout the study. Nearly 5,000 samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for triazine herbicide concentrations. Daily mean triazine herbicide concentrations were calculated for all sampling sites and subsequently used to estimate daily mean atrazine concentrations with a linear-regression relation between ELISA-derived triazine concentrations and atrazine concentrations determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for 141 dual-analyzed surface-water samples.
During May, June, and July, time-weighted, daily mean atrazine concentrations in streams in the Delaware River Basin commonly exceeded the value of the 3.0-μg/L (micrograms per liter) annual mean Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for drinking-water supplies. Time-weighted, daily mean concentrations equal to or greater than 20 μg/L were not uncommon. However, most time-weighted, daily mean concentrations were less than 1.0 μg/L from August through April.
The largest time-weighted, monthly mean atrazine concentrations occurred during May, June, and July. Most monthly mean concentrations between August and April were less than 0.50 μg/L. Large differences were documented in monthly mean concentrations within the basin. Sites receiving runoff from the northern and northeastern parts of the Delaware River Basin had the largest monthly and annual mean atrazine concentrations.
Time-weighted, annual mean atrazine concentrations did not exceed the MCL in water from any sampling site for either the 1993 or 1994 crop years (April—March); however, concentrations were larger during 1994 than during 1993. Time-weighted, annual mean concentrations in water from among the 11 sampling sites during the 1993 crop year ranged from 0.27 to 1.5 μg/L and from 0.36 to 2.8 μg/L during the 1994 crop year. Furthermore, concentrations in samples from the out-flow of Perry Lake were larger during the first 6 months of the 1995 crop year than during the previous year.
Flow-weighted, annual mean atrazine concentrations were larger than time-weighted, annual mean concentrations in water from all sampling sites upstream of Perry Lake, and samples from several sites had concentrations that were substantially larger than the MCL. This difference explained why time-weighted, annual mean concentrations in the outflow of Perry Lake were larger than corresponding time-weighted concentrations in water from sampling sites upstream of Perry Lake. Flow-weighted, annual mean concentrations in water from among the 11 sampling sites during the 1993 crop year ranged from 1.0 to 4.4 and from 1.0 to 8.9 μg/L during the 1994 crop year.
Statistically significant linear-regression equations were identified relating the percentage of subbasin in cropland to time- and flow-weighted, average annual mean atrazine concentrations. The relations indicate that time-weighted, average annual mean atrazine concentrations may not exceed the MCL in water from subbasins with at least about 70-percent cropland. However, flow-weighted, average annual mean atrazine concentrations may exceed the MCL when the percent-age of cropland is greater than about 40 percent.
Approximately 90 percent of the annual atrazine load is transported from May through July. Atrazine loads and yields were larger during the 1993 crop year than during the 1994 crop year because of much greater runoff in 1993. Yields at sampling sites upstream of Perry Lake ranged from 2.4 to 17 lb/mi2 (pounds per square mile) during the 1993 crop year and from 0.29 to 4.4 lb/mi2 during the 1994 crop year. Loads and yields were largest at sampling sites receiving runoff from the northern and northeastern parts of the Delaware River Basin. A statistically significant linear-regression equation was identified relating percentage of subbasin in cropland to atrazine yields.
About 283,000 lb (pounds) of atrazine are applied each year in the Delaware River Basin. Annual atrazine loads (5,200 and 2,000 lb), yields (4.7 and 1.8 lb/mi2), and transport ratios (1.8 and 0.7 percent) were estimated for the entire Delaware River Basin for the 1993 and 1994 crop years, respectively. Differences between the 1993 and 1994 crop years are the result of differences in rainfall amounds and subsequent runoff volumes.
The U.S. Geological Survey began full-scale implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in 1991. The purposes of NAWQA are to describe the status and trends in the quality of the Nation's water resources and aquatic ecosystems, and to determine factors affecting water quality at local, regional, and national scales. The Upper Mississippi River (UMIS) NAWQA study unit, which includes all of the surface drainage to the Mississippi River Basin upstream from Lake Pepin, encompasses 47,000 mi2. The study characterizes the geographic and seasonal distribution of water quality and aquatic biota in relation to anthropogenic activities and natural features. The initial phase of the UMIS study, during 1994-99, is focused on an area in Minnesota and Wisconsin that includes the seven-county Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. Paul) metropolitan area. This report summarizes selected sources of information that are being used to aid in understanding water-quality issues and processes that form the basis of the sampling design for the study. This literature review includes sources of information about surface- and ground-water hydrology, water quality, and aquatic biology and ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri964149","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W., Fallon, J.D., Kroening, S., Lee, K.E., and Stark, J., 1996, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Review of selected literature: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4149, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964149.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392984,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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J. 0000-0003-4780-8835","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":56261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, J. D.","contributorId":57478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroening, S. E.","contributorId":31793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroening","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, K. E.","contributorId":100014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":25917,"text":"wri964234 - 1996 - Occurrence of selected trace elements and organic compounds and their relation to land use in the Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1992-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T11:58:29","indexId":"wri964234","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4234","title":"Occurrence of selected trace elements and organic compounds and their relation to land use in the Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1992-94","docAbstract":"Between 1992 and 1994, the U.S.Geological Survey conducted a study of trace elements and organic compounds in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, as part of the Willamette River Basin Water Quality Study. Low-level analyses were performed for trace elements, volatile organic compounds, organochlorine compounds, and pesticides. Overall, 94 water samples were collected from 40 sites, during predominantly high-flow conditions, representing urban, agricultural, mixed, and forested land uses. Although most observed concentrations were relatively low, some exceedances of water-quality criteria for acute and chronic toxicity and for the protection of human health were observed.
\nConcentrations of chromium, copper, lead, and zinc in unfiltered water were well correlated with concentrations of suspended sediment. The highest trace-element concentrations generally were found at urban sites that receive a large portion of their runoff from industrial areas, particularly at high suspended- sediment concentrations. In contrast, concentrations of trace elements in some urban streams draining primarily residential areas appeared to approach a maximum as sediment concentrations increased. Whether this difference was due to a difference in the nature of the suspended sediments or to different concentrations in the aqueous phases from the two site types was not addressed.
\nEight organochlorine compounds were detected at 14 sites. Lindane, dieldrin, and DDT or its metabolites were each detected in about 30 percent of the samples, predominantly in samples collected from agricultural and urban areas. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds were detected in samples from two urban sites. For samples in which DDT and its metabolites were examined for partitioning, the largest proportion of the mass of DDT and its metabolites was associated with suspended sediment. In contrast, dieldrin and lindane were almost completely (greater than 99 percent) associated with the dissolved phase.
\nSixty-one of the 94 pesticides analyzed in filtered water were documented to have been used in the basin in 1987; 43 of these were detected at least once during 1992–94. An additional five were detected that were not documented in the 1987 estimates. Although a comparison between the frequency of detected pesticides and 1987 estimates of pesticide usage in the basin showed generally little correlation, some patterns of detections did appear to reflect land use in the basin. Of the 25 most frequently detected pesticides, 3 were found primarily at urban sites, 6 were found primarily at agricultural sites, and 7 were found at all types of sites except forested. The four most commonly detected pesticides in the basin, observed at all except forested site 2 types, were atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, and diuron. A greater variety of compounds was detected at sites in the northern portion of the basin than in the southern portion of the basin probably because the northern portion has more diverse agricultural practices and a larger urban component. Possible reasons for the lack of agreement between pesticide detections and pesticide usage estimates include (1) uncertainty in the usage estimates due to spatial and temporal variability or due to changes in agricultural practices since the 1987 estimates were compiled, (2) chemical or biological transformations in the compounds after application, (3) variable hydrologic conditions among sites at the time of sampling, or (4) the ability of laboratory analytical procedures to detect low concentrations of some analytes.
\nResults from repeated samplings at two sites during sequential storms in the fall of 1994 indicated that concentrations and loads of several constituents, including suspended sediment, suspended organic carbon, DDT, metolachlor, and atrazine were highest during peak flows of the first or second significant storms of the fall. Samplings during subsequent storms indicated that instantaneous concentrations and loads were generally reduced; however, data were not sufficient to compare overall transport during sequential storms.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri964234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Willamette River Technical Advisory Steering Committee, and National Water-quality AssessmentT Program","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C.W., Rinella, F., and Rounds, S.A., 1996, Occurrence of selected trace elements and organic compounds and their relation to land use in the Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1992-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4234, vi, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964234.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4234/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"696.96 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":121956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4234/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.541259765625,\n 43.20517581723733\n ],\n [\n -123.541259765625,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -120.77270507812499,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -120.77270507812499,\n 43.20517581723733\n ],\n [\n -123.541259765625,\n 43.20517581723733\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db692180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":139268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26144,"text":"wri964209 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and water quality of the shallow aquifer system at the Explosive Experimental Area, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren site, Dahlgren, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T19:58:23.68834","indexId":"wri964209","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4209","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of the shallow aquifer system at the Explosive Experimental Area, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren site, Dahlgren, Virginia","docAbstract":"In October 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study to characterize the hydrogeology of the shallow aquifer system at the Explosive Experimental Area, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Site, Dahlgren, Virginia, which is located on the Potomac River in the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The study provides a description of the hydrogeologic units, directions of ground-water flow, and back-ground water quality in the study area to a depth of about 100 feet. Lithologic, geophysical, and hydrologic data were collected from 28 wells drilled for this study, from 3 existing wells, and from outcrops.
The shallow aquifer system at the Explosive Experimental Area consists of two fining-upward sequences of Pleistocene fluvial-estuarine deposits that overlie Paleocene-Eocene marine deposits of the Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit. The surficial hydrogeologic unit is the Columbia aquifer. Horizontal linear flow of water in this aquifer generally responds to the surface topography, discharging to tidal creeks, marshes, and the Potomac River, and rates of flow in this aquifer range from 0.003 to 0.70 foot per day.
The Columbia aquifer unconformably overlies the upper confining unit 12-an organic-rich clay that is 0 to 55 feet thick. The upper confining unit conformably overlies the upper confined aquifer, a 0- to 35-feet thick unit that consists of interbedded fine-grained to medium-grained sands and clay. The upper confined aquifer probably receives most of its recharge from the adjacent and underlying Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit. Water in the upper confined aquifer generally flows eastward, northward, and northeastward at about 0.03 foot per day toward the Potomac River and Machodoc Creek.
The Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit consists of glauconitic, fossiliferous silty fine-grained sands of the Nanjemoy Formation. Where the upper confined system is absent, the Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit is directly overlain by the Columbia aquifer. In some parts of the Explosive Experimental Area, horizontal hydraulic conductivities of the Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit and the Columbia aquifer are similar (from 10-4 to 10-2 foot per day), and these units effectively combine to form a thick (greater than 50 feet) aquifer.
The background water quality of the shallow aquifer system is characteristic of ground waters in the Virginia Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. Water in the Columbia aquifer is a mixed ionic type, has a median pH of 5.9, and a median total dissolved solids of 106 milligrams per liter. Water in the upper confined aquifer and Nanjemoy-Marlboro confining unit is a sodium- calcium-bicarbonate type, and generally has higher pH, dissolved solids, and alkalinity than water in the Columbia aquifer. Water in the upper confined aquifer and some parts of the Columbia aquifer is anoxic, and it has high concentrations of dissolved iron, manganese, and sulfide.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964209","usgsCitation":"Bell, C.F., 1996, Hydrogeology and water quality of the shallow aquifer system at the Explosive Experimental Area, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren site, Dahlgren, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4209, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964209.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54940,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4209/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4209/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415729,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48543.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Dahlgren","otherGeospatial":"Explosive Experimental Area, Naval Surface Warfare Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.0597,\n 38.3167\n ],\n [\n -77.0597,\n 38.279\n ],\n [\n -77.0167,\n 38.279\n ],\n [\n -77.0167,\n 38.3167\n ],\n [\n -77.0597,\n 38.3167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, C. F.","contributorId":14449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27231,"text":"wri964168 - 1996 - Factors affecting phosphorus transport at a conventionally-farmed site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1992-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T16:11:51","indexId":"wri964168","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4168","title":"Factors affecting phosphorus transport at a conventionally-farmed site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1992-95","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Land and Water Conservation of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection conducted a cooperative study to determine the effects of manure application and antecedent soil-phosphorus concentrations on the transport of phosphorus from the soil of a typical farm site in Lancaster County, Pa., from September 1992 to March 1995. The relation between concentrations of soil phosphorus and phosphorus transport needs to be identified because excessive phosphorus concentrations in surface-water bodies promote eutrophication.
The objective of the study was to quantify and determine the significance of chemical, physical, and hydrologic factors that affected phosphorus transport. Three study plots less than 1 acre in size were tilled and planted in silage corn. Phosphorus in the form of liquid swine and dairy manure was injected to a depth of 6-8 inches on two of the three study plots in May 1993 and May 1994. Plot 1 received no inputs of phosphorus from manure while plots 2 and 3 received an average of 56 and 126 kilograms of phosphorus per acre, respectively, from the two manure applications. No other fertilizer was applied to any of the study plots. From March 30, 1993, through December 31, 1993, and March 10, 1994, through August 31, 1994 (the study period), phosphorus and selected cations were measured in precipitation, manure, soil, surface runoff, subsurface flow (at 18 inches below land surface), and corn plants before harvest. All storm events that yielded surface runoff and subsurface flow were sampled. Surface runoff was analyzed for dissolved (filtered through a 0.45-micron filter) and total concentrations. Subsurface flow was only analyzed for dissolved constituents. Laboratory soil-flask experiments and geochemical modeling were conducted to determine the maximum phosphate retention capacity of sampled soils after manure applications and primary mineralogic controls in the soils that affect phosphate equilibrium processes.
Physical characteristics, such as particle-size distributions in soil, the suspended sediment and particle-size distribution in surface runoff, and surface topography, were quantified. Hydrologic characteristics, such as precipitation intensity and duration, volumes of surface runoff, and infiltration rates of soil, were also monitored during the study period. Volumes of surface runoff differed by plot.
Volumes of surface runoff measured during the study period from plots 1 (0.43 acres), 2 (0.23 acres), and 3 (0.28 acres) were 350,000, 350,000, and 750,000 liters per acre, respectively. About 90 percent of the volume of surface runoff occurred after October 1993 because of the lack of intense precipitation from March 30, 1993, through November 30, 1993. For any one precipitation amount, volumes of surface runoff increased with an increase in the maximum intensity of precipitation and decreased with an increase in storm duration. The significantly higher volume of surface runoff for plot 3 relative to plots 1 and 2 was probably caused by lower infiltration rates on plot 3.
Soil concentrations of plant-available phosphorus (PAP) for each study plot were high (31-60 parts per million) to excessive (greater than 60 parts per million) for each depth interval (0-6, 6-12, and 12- 24 inches) and sampling period except for some samples collected at depths of 12-24 inches. The high levels of PAP before manure applications made it difficult to detect any changes in the concentration of soil PAP caused by manure applications. Manure applications to the study area prior to this study resulted in relatively high concentrations of soil PAP; however, the manure applications to plot 3 during the study period did cause an increase in the soil concentration of PAP after the second manure application. The percentages of total phosphorus in plant-available and inorganic forms were about 5 and 80 percent, respectively, in the 0-24--inch depth interval of soil on the study plots. Concentrations of total phosphorus on sand, silt, and clay particles from soil were 700, 1,000, and 3,400 parts per million, respectively. About 70 percent of the total mass of phosphorus in soil to a depth of 24 inches was associated with silt and clay particles.
Soil-flask experiments indicated that soils from the study plots were not saturated with respect to phosphorus. Soils had the capacity to retain 694 to 1,160 milligrams of phosphorus per kilogram of soil. The measured retention capacity probably exceeded the actual retention capacity of soil because laboratory conditions optimized the contact time between soil and test solutions.
Geochemical modeling indicated that the primary mineralogical controls on the concentration of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff and subsurface flow were aluminum and iron oxides and strengite (if it exists). Aluminum and iron oxides bind phosphate in solution and strengite is an iron-phosphate mineral. The mineralization of organic phosphorus into dissolved inorganic forms could also supply phosphorus to surface runoff and subsurface flow.
Phosphorus inputs to the plots during the study period were from precipitation and manure. Phosphorus inputs from precipitation were negligible. The loads of phosphorus to the plots from manure applications in May 1993 and May 1994 were 112 and 251 kilograms per acre for plots 2 and 3, respectively; about 60 percent of the load occurred in 1994.
Phosphorus outputs in surface runoff differed between study plots. The cumulative yields of total phosphorus during the study period for plots 1, 2, and 3 were 1.12, 1.24, and 1.69 kilograms per acre, respectively. Differences between plots were primarily evident for dissolved yields of phosphorus. The percentage of the total phosphorus output in surface runoff that was in the dissolved phase varied from 6 percent for plot 1 to 26 percent for plot 3.
The cumulative yields of dissolved phosphorus from plots 2 and 3 were 135 and 500 percent greater, respectively, than the dissolved yield from plot 1. Even though volumes of surface runoff were different on the plots, the primary cause of the difference between plots in the yield of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff was differences in the concentration of dissolved phosphorus. After the second manure application, concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff on plots 2 and 3 were significantly higher than the concentration for plot 1.
An increase in the concentration of dissolved phosphorus in subsurface flow from plots 2 and 3 was measured after manure applications. The mean concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in subsurface flow after the first manure application were 0.29, 0.57, and 1.45 milligrams per liter of phosphorus for plots 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
The loss of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff was related to the soil concentration of PAP. The model relating dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff to soil PAP indicated that concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff would exceed 0.1 milligram per liter if soil concentrations of PAP exceeded 9 parts per million; this PAP concentration was exceeded by each study plot. Over 50 percent of the variation of dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff was explained by soil concentrations of PAP in the 0-6-inch depth interval.
The loss of suspended phosphorus in surface runoff was primarily affected by the particle-size distribution of suspended sediment in surface runoff. Surface runoff was enriched with fines relative to the soil matrix. Generally, over 90 percent of sediment in runoff was comprised of silt and clay particles; only 50-60 percent of particle sizes from the intact soil matrix were in the silt- to clay-size range. Concentrations of suspended phosphorus in surface runoff were not significantly related to soil concentrations of total phosphorus in the 0-6-inch depth interval.
Concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in subsurface flow were also related to soil concentrations of PAP. The relation indicated that dissolved concentrations of phosphorus in subsurface flow would exceed 0.1 milligram per liter if soil concentrations of PAP in the 0-6-inch depth interval of soil were greater than 49 parts per million; this PAP concentration was exceeded by each study plot.
The significant relation of high concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in water to soil concentrations of PAP indicated that soils with comparable concentrations of soil PAP would be potential sources of dissolved phosphorus to surface water and subsurface water tables. The percentage of the total phosphorus lost from a system in the dissolved form increased as soil concentrations of PAP increased. This indicates that best-management practices to reduce phosphorus losses from this system not only need to target suspended forms of phosphorus but also dissolved forms. Practices aimed at reducing the loss of dissolved phosphorus from the system increase in importance with an increase in soil concentrations of PAP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Land and Water Conservation","usgsCitation":"Galeone, D.G., 1996, Factors affecting phosphorus transport at a conventionally-farmed site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4168, vii, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964168.","productDescription":"vii, 93 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56099,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4168/wri19964168.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1996-4168"},{"id":123174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4168/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964230","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., and Ronan, A., 1996, Documentation of computer program VS2Dh for simulation of energy transport in variably saturated porous media: Modification of the US Geological Survey's computer program VS2DT: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4230, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964230.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56476,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4230/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4230/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6361e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ronan, A.D.","contributorId":89181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ronan","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30212,"text":"wri964158 - 1996 - Evaluation and modification of five techniques for estimating stormwater runoff for watersheds in west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri964158","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4158","title":"Evaluation and modification of five techniques for estimating stormwater runoff for watersheds in west-central Florida","docAbstract":"Several traditional techniques have been used for estimating stormwater runoff from ungaged watersheds. Applying these techniques to water- sheds in west-central Florida requires that some of the empirical relationships be extrapolated beyond tested ranges. As a result, there is uncertainty as to the accuracy of these estimates. Sixty-six storms occurring in 15 west-central Florida watersheds were initially modeled using the Rational Method, the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Regression Equations, the Natural Resources Conservation Service TR-20 model, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center-1 model, and the Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model. The techniques were applied according to the guidelines specified in the user manuals or standard engineering textbooks as though no field data were available and the selection of input parameters was not influenced by observed data. Computed estimates were compared with observed runoff to evaluate the accuracy of the techniques. One watershed was eliminated from further evaluation when it was determined that the area contributing runoff to the stream varies with the amount and intensity of rainfall. Therefore, further evaluation and modification of the input parameters were made for only 62 storms in 14 watersheds. Runoff ranged from 1.4 to 99.3 percent percent of rainfall. The average runoff for all watersheds included in this study was about 36 percent of rainfall. The average runoff for the urban, natural, and mixed land-use watersheds was about 41, 27, and 29 percent, respectively. Initial estimates of peak discharge using the rational method produced average watershed errors that ranged from an underestimation of 50.4 percent to an overestimation of 767 percent. The coefficient of runoff ranged from 0.20 to 0.60. Calibration of the technique produced average errors that ranged from an underestimation of 3.3 percent to an overestimation of 1.5 percent. The average calibrated coefficient of runoff for each watershed ranged from 0.02 to 0.72. The average values of the coefficient of runoff necessary to calibrate the urban, natural, and mixed land-use watersheds were 0.39, 0.16, and 0.08, respectively. The U.S. Geological Survey regional regression equations for determining peak discharge produced errors that ranged from an underestimation of 87.3 percent to an over- estimation of 1,140 percent. The regression equations for determining runoff volume produced errors that ranged from an underestimation of 95.6 percent to an overestimation of 324 percent. Regression equations developed from data used for this study produced errors that ranged between an underestimation of 82.8 percent and an over- estimation of 328 percent for peak discharge, and from an underestimation of 71.2 percent to an overestimation of 241 percent for runoff volume. Use of the equations developed for west-central Florida streams produced average errors for each type of watershed that were lower than errors associated with use of the U.S. Geological Survey equations. Initial estimates of peak discharges and runoff volumes using the Natural Resources Conservation Service TR-20 model, produced average errors of 44.6 and 42.7 percent respectively, for all the watersheds. Curve numbers and times of concentration were adjusted to match estimated and observed peak discharges and runoff volumes. The average change in the curve number for all the watersheds was a decrease of 2.8 percent. The average change in the time of concentration was an increase of 59.2 percent. The shape of the input dimensionless unit hydrograph also had to be adjusted to match the shape and peak time of the estimated and observed flood hydrographs. Peak rate factors for the modified input dimensionless unit hydrographs ranged from 162 to 454. The mean errors for peak discharges and runoff volumes were reduced to 18.9 and 19.5 percent, respectively, using the average calibrated input parameters for ea","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964158","usgsCitation":"Trommer, J., Loper, J., and Hammett, K., 1996, Evaluation and modification of five techniques for estimating stormwater runoff for watersheds in west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4158, iv, 37 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964158.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2413,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri964158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_96_4158.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db629648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trommer, J.T.","contributorId":28248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trommer","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loper, J.E.","contributorId":19965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammett, K.M.","contributorId":59006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammett","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27489,"text":"wri964257 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and geochemistry of acid mine drainage in ground water in the vicinity of Penn Mine and Camanche Reservoir, Calaveras County, California: Second-year summary, 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T10:03:13","indexId":"wri964257","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4257","title":"Hydrogeology and geochemistry of acid mine drainage in ground water in the vicinity of Penn Mine and Camanche Reservoir, Calaveras County, California: Second-year summary, 1992-93","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964257","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board and the East Bay Municipal Utility District","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., and Alpers, C.N., 1996, Hydrogeology and geochemistry of acid mine drainage in ground water in the vicinity of Penn Mine and Camanche Reservoir, Calaveras County, California: Second-year summary, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4257, v, 44 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964257.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14633,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_96_4257.bmp"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Calaveras County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-120.0169,38.4363],[-120.0262,38.4263],[-120.0303,38.4249],[-120.0338,38.4235],[-120.0391,38.4253],[-120.0473,38.4198],[-120.0572,38.4171],[-120.0725,38.4107],[-120.0853,38.4043],[-120.0929,38.4002],[-120.1187,38.3978],[-120.131,38.3936],[-120.1533,38.3858],[-120.1754,38.368],[-120.187,38.3543],[-120.2009,38.333],[-120.2131,38.3211],[-120.2219,38.317],[-120.2352,38.2983],[-120.255,38.2828],[-120.2637,38.2732],[-120.2666,38.2705],[-120.2694,38.265],[-120.2775,38.2532],[-120.2833,38.2482],[-120.2868,38.245],[-120.2891,38.2404],[-120.2902,38.2345],[-120.3042,38.2263],[-120.3105,38.2167],[-120.3221,38.1994],[-120.3325,38.1885],[-120.3359,38.183],[-120.3394,38.1794],[-120.3405,38.1753],[-120.3405,38.1707],[-120.3504,38.1679],[-120.355,38.1607],[-120.359,38.1557],[-120.3678,38.1511],[-120.3701,38.1483],[-120.367,38.1384],[-120.3775,38.1315],[-120.3815,38.1265],[-120.3849,38.1156],[-120.3936,38.1087],[-120.3988,38.1073],[-120.4087,38.1023],[-120.4086,38.0928],[-120.4143,38.0791],[-120.4294,38.0708],[-120.4287,38.0681],[-120.4316,38.064],[-120.4357,38.0613],[-120.4414,38.0526],[-120.4437,38.0472],[-120.4454,38.0453],[-120.4535,38.0358],[-120.454,38.0326],[-120.4609,38.0225],[-120.4661,38.018],[-120.4631,38.013],[-120.4654,38.0103],[-120.4683,38.0103],[-120.4771,38.0102],[-120.4888,38.011],[-120.4946,38.0096],[-120.4963,38.0064],[-120.5014,37.9937],[-120.5101,37.9918],[-120.5131,37.9958],[-120.5115,38.0036],[-120.519,38.0026],[-120.5236,37.9948],[-120.5317,37.9916],[-120.5346,37.9898],[-120.5275,37.983],[-120.5398,37.9811],[-120.5385,37.9766],[-120.5326,37.9744],[-120.5286,37.9762],[-120.5232,37.9695],[-120.5149,37.9596],[-120.509,37.956],[-120.5183,37.9518],[-120.5241,37.9477],[-120.5346,37.9449],[-120.5415,37.9358],[-120.5384,37.9267],[-120.5418,37.9213],[-120.5511,37.9198],[-120.5633,37.9138],[-120.5661,37.902],[-120.5701,37.897],[-120.577,37.8942],[-120.5841,37.896],[-120.5893,37.8927],[-120.5968,37.8868],[-120.5961,37.8832],[-120.6042,37.8772],[-120.6053,37.8727],[-120.6204,37.8689],[-120.6348,37.8606],[-120.6381,37.847],[-120.6428,37.8456],[-120.6439,37.841],[-120.6542,37.8323],[-120.7258,37.8987],[-120.9259,38.0779],[-120.9383,38.0886],[-120.9926,38.2244],[-120.9796,38.2209],[-120.9708,38.2183],[-120.9678,38.2188],[-120.9533,38.2244],[-120.9475,38.2249],[-120.9316,38.2206],[-120.9235,38.227],[-120.9083,38.229],[-120.9047,38.225],[-120.9,38.2218],[-120.8899,38.2197],[-120.8895,38.2251],[-120.8837,38.2279],[-120.8796,38.2316],[-120.878,38.2389],[-120.8629,38.2449],[-120.8559,38.2459],[-120.8536,38.2518],[-120.8508,38.2587],[-120.8439,38.2646],[-120.8392,38.2656],[-120.8247,38.273],[-120.8184,38.2808],[-120.809,38.279],[-120.8079,38.2831],[-120.805,38.2886],[-120.7904,38.2888],[-120.7786,38.2871],[-120.7757,38.2867],[-120.7634,38.289],[-120.7552,38.2878],[-120.7483,38.2987],[-120.7397,38.3065],[-120.7297,38.308],[-120.7262,38.3089],[-120.7117,38.3145],[-120.7005,38.3169],[-120.6918,38.3179],[-120.6883,38.3188],[-120.6854,38.3206],[-120.6802,38.3248],[-120.665,38.3322],[-120.6586,38.3322],[-120.655,38.3318],[-120.6422,38.3356],[-120.6393,38.3383],[-120.6305,38.3397],[-120.6276,38.3434],[-120.6265,38.3498],[-120.626,38.3516],[-120.626,38.3538],[-120.6202,38.3571],[-120.6145,38.3662],[-120.611,38.3716],[-120.6152,38.3761],[-120.6125,38.388],[-120.6119,38.3893],[-120.6073,38.3957],[-120.5991,38.3989],[-120.5827,38.4],[-120.5774,38.401],[-120.5722,38.4028],[-120.5687,38.4074],[-120.5694,38.4123],[-120.5623,38.4151],[-120.5542,38.4175],[-120.5407,38.4217],[-120.5342,38.4181],[-120.5313,38.419],[-120.5196,38.4223],[-120.515,38.4282],[-120.508,38.4333],[-120.504,38.4401],[-120.5005,38.4437],[-120.4964,38.4447],[-120.4923,38.4447],[-120.4893,38.4452],[-120.4864,38.4461],[-120.4841,38.4462],[-120.4788,38.4471],[-120.4711,38.4458],[-120.4635,38.4486],[-120.4548,38.4518],[-120.453,38.4532],[-120.4501,38.455],[-120.4472,38.4569],[-120.4454,38.4582],[-120.4367,38.4633],[-120.4355,38.4637],[-120.4344,38.4651],[-120.4308,38.4674],[-120.425,38.4697],[-120.4203,38.472],[-120.4139,38.4712],[-120.4091,38.4671],[-120.3938,38.4659],[-120.3879,38.4636],[-120.3838,38.4619],[-120.3796,38.4605],[-120.3738,38.4624],[-120.3673,38.4642],[-120.3603,38.4666],[-120.3491,38.4644],[-120.3438,38.4653],[-120.3397,38.4663],[-120.3345,38.4667],[-120.3291,38.465],[-120.3151,38.4705],[-120.3098,38.4714],[-120.2981,38.4729],[-120.2946,38.4747],[-120.2846,38.4743],[-120.2787,38.4762],[-120.2629,38.4799],[-120.2553,38.4877],[-120.2465,38.4859],[-120.2424,38.4859],[-120.2324,38.4901],[-120.2195,38.4938],[-120.2072,38.502],[-120.1902,38.4989],[-120.1813,38.4962],[-120.1684,38.4954],[-120.1572,38.4946],[-120.1496,38.4946],[-120.1413,38.4969],[-120.1284,38.4956],[-120.1178,38.4966],[-120.1137,38.4975],[-120.1079,38.5048],[-120.0985,38.5053],[-120.0938,38.5076],[-120.0885,38.5067],[-120.0727,38.5117],[-120.072,38.5013],[-120.0719,38.4936],[-120.0727,38.4478],[-120.0528,38.4534],[-120.0169,38.4363]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Calaveras\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, Scott N.","contributorId":27040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25603,"text":"wri964235 - 1996 - Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T12:47:13","indexId":"wri964235","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4235","title":"Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993-94","docAbstract":"Water and phosphorus budgets were determined for the Lauderdale Lakes (the interconnected Green, Middle, and Mill Lakes) in Walworth County, southeastern Wisconsin to provide background information for a wastewater management plan to limit the input of phosphorus to the lakes. The most significant components of the water and phosphorus budgets were determined independently by intensive data collection from November 1993 through October 1994. In addition to development of the water and phosphorus budgets, in-lake water quality, and trophic state of the lakes were evaluated.
\nThe lakes (treated as one lake with three basins) have a total surface area of 807 acres. The lakes have a surface-water outlet, but have no major surface inlets. Lake level is controlled by a dam and weir at the outlet. Maximum depths of Green, Middle, and Mill Lakes are about 60, 50, and 50 feet, respectively. The total drainage area of the lakes measured from the outlet is 16.1 square miles; only about 2.5 square miles, however, contribute surface runoff directly to the lake. About 70 percent of the 14.7-mile shoreline length is developed. Shoreline development includes 1,010 houses, of which about 30 percent are used year-round.
\nGround water and precipitation are the primary water-budget inflow components, and during the study period represented 72 and 24 percent of the total annual inflow, respectively. Surface-water inflow from the small nearshore contributing drainage area accounted for only 4 percent of the inflow budget. Total annual phosphorus input to the lakes was 846 pounds. Although surface water accounted for only 4 percent of the water budget, it represented 51 percent of the total annual phosphorus input. Phosphorus input from septic systems was the second largest source, with a probable annual input of 210 pounds, accounting for 25 percent of the total. Positive ground-water gradients to the lake and phosphorus concentrations in ground water were verified by data from nearshore observation wells. Phosphorus concentrations in ground water exceeded background concentrations of 0.008 milligrams per liter in three out of six observation wells in the inflow area of the lakes. Overall, the phosphorus loading to the lakes is small and lake-water quality is good. The trophic state indices calculated for the lakes ranged from oligotrophic to mesotrophic but were in the mesotrophic class for most of the year. An equation to predict phosphorus concentration at spring turnover from loading estimates was fairly accurate in predicting the measured phosphorus concentration for Lauderdale Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lauderdale Lakes Lake Management District","usgsCitation":"Garn, H., Seidel, T., and Rose, W.J., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Lauderdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4235, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964235.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54346,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4235/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4235/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Walworth County","otherGeospatial":"Green Lake, Lauderdale Lakes, Middle Lake, Mill Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.62276077270508,\n 42.72078596277834\n ],\n [\n -88.62276077270508,\n 42.81555136172695\n ],\n [\n -88.5110092163086,\n 42.81555136172695\n ],\n [\n -88.5110092163086,\n 42.72078596277834\n ],\n [\n -88.62276077270508,\n 42.72078596277834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garn, H.S.","contributorId":42601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seidel, T.L.","contributorId":92296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seidel","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, W. J.","contributorId":14433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29815,"text":"wri964064 - 1996 - Hydrogeologic setting and preliminary estimates of hydrologic components for Bull Run Lake and the Bull Run Lake drainage basin, Multnomah and Clackamas counties, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:38:17","indexId":"wri964064","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4064","title":"Hydrogeologic setting and preliminary estimates of hydrologic components for Bull Run Lake and the Bull Run Lake drainage basin, Multnomah and Clackamas counties, Oregon","docAbstract":"The hydrogeologic setting was described and preliminary estimates of hydrologic components prepared for the Bull Run Lake and for the Bull Run Lake drainage basin, in the Cascade Range of northwestern Oregon. The 0.73-square-mile lake and the 3.44-square-mile drainage basin lie within the Bull Run Watershed, the principal water supply for the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area. During periods of high demand or low inflows to the watershed, the City of Portland, Bureau of Water Works, releases water from Bull Run Lake to augment the supply.
\nBull Run Lake is impounded by a natural dam formed by a landslide. Outflow of ground water from the lake through the landslide emerges as springflow at the toe of the landslide and forms the headwaters of the Bull Run River. The approximately 4,300-Mgal (million gallons) discharge of the Bull Run River measured below the springs during the 1993 water year is composed of (1) outflow of ground water from Bull Run Lake through the landslide (approximately 60 percent), (2) ground water originating from the contributing drainage area between the lake and the springs (approximately 34 percent), (3) streamflow from Bull Run Lake (approximately 5 percent), and (4) surface runoff (streamflow and overland flow) from the contributing drainage area between the lake and the springs (approximately 1 percent). Estimated ranges for inflows to the Bull Run Lake drainage basin during the 1993 water year were about 3,400 to 9,200 Mgal from precipitation from rain and snow, and about 0 to 3,300 Mgal from fog drip.
\nEstimated ranges for outflows from the lake basin, listed from largest to smallest, were about 1,800 to 3,400 Mgal for ground-water outflow through the landslide; about 600 to 1,800 Mgal for evapotranspiration from the land surface; about 170 to 410 Mgal for lake evaporation; and about 0 to 400 Mgal for streamflow from the lake. Ground- water outflow through the consolidated rocks could not be evaluated owing to the lack of data. The lake storage increased by a range of from about 1,700 to 1,900 Mgal. Changes in ground-water storage and soil-moisture storage could not be evaluated as a result of insufficient data.
\nEstimated inflows to Bull Run Lake from precipitation on the lake surface during the 1993 water year ranged from about 600 to 1,600 Mgal. Inflows from ground water and surface runoff could not be evaluated owing to the lack of data. Estimated ranges for outflows from the lake were about 1,800 to 3,400 Mgal from ground-wateroutflow through the landslide, about 170 to 410 Mgal from lake evaporation, and about 0 to 400 Mgal from streamflow. Outflow of ground water through the consolidated rocks could not be evaluated owing to the lack of data. Lake storage increased by a range of from about 1,700 to 1,900 Mgal.
\nSuggestions for further study include (1) evaluation of the surface-runoff component of inflow to the lake; (2) use of a cross-sectional ground-water flow model to estimate ground-water inflow, outflow, and storage; (3) additional data collection to reduce the uncertainties of the hydrologic components that have large relative uncertainties; and (4) determination of long-term trends for a wide range of climatic and hydrologic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri964064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with City of Portland Bureau of Water Works","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., and Brownell, D.L., 1996, Hydrogeologic setting and preliminary estimates of hydrologic components for Bull Run Lake and the Bull Run Lake drainage basin, Multnomah and Clackamas counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4064, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964064.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58616,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4064/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Clackamas County, Multnomah County","otherGeospatial":"Bull Run Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownell, Dorie L.","contributorId":50539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownell","given":"Dorie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29390,"text":"wri964084 - 1996 - Estimation of flood-frequency characteristics of small urban streams in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T13:13:01","indexId":"wri964084","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4084","title":"Estimation of flood-frequency characteristics of small urban streams in North Carolina","docAbstract":"A statewide study was conducted to develop methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods of small urban streams in North Carolina. This type of information is critical in the design of bridges, culverts and water-control structures, establishment of flood-insurance rates and flood-plain regulation, and for other uses by urban planners and engineers.\r\n\r\nConcurrent records of rainfall and runoff data collected in small urban basins were used to calibrate rainfall-runoff models. Historic rain- fall records were used with the calibrated models to synthesize a long- term record of annual peak discharges. The synthesized record of annual peak discharges were used in a statistical analysis to determine flood- frequency distributions. These frequency distributions were used with distributions from previous investigations to develop a database for 32 small urban basins in the Blue Ridge-Piedmont, Sand Hills, and Coastal Plain hydrologic areas. The study basins ranged in size from 0.04 to 41.0 square miles. Data describing the size and shape of the basin, level of urban development, and climate and rural flood charac- teristics also were included in the database.\r\n\r\nEstimation equations were developed by relating flood-frequency char- acteristics to basin characteristics in a generalized least-squares regression analysis. The most significant basin characteristics are drainage area, impervious area, and rural flood discharge. The model error and prediction errors for the estimating equations were less than those for the national flood-frequency equations previously reported. Resulting equations, which have prediction errors generally less than 40 percent, can be used to estimate flood-peak discharges for 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for small urban basins across the State assuming negligible, sustainable, in- channel detention or basin storage.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964084","usgsCitation":"Robbins, J., and Pope, B., 1996, Estimation of flood-frequency characteristics of small urban streams in North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4084, iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964084.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa88a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, J.C.","contributorId":37780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, B.F.","contributorId":10062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29253,"text":"wri964110 - 1996 - Simulation of storm peaks and storm volumes for selected subbasins in the West Fork Trinity River Basin, Texas, water years 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T19:41:49.08274","indexId":"wri964110","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4110","title":"Simulation of storm peaks and storm volumes for selected subbasins in the West Fork Trinity River Basin, Texas, water years 1993-94","docAbstract":"A model parameter set for use with the Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN watershed model was developed to simulate storm peaks and storm volumes for the 28 subbasins of the West Fork Trinity River Basin upstream from Lake Worth, northwest of Fort Worth, Texas, from the calibration and testing of 5 gaged subbasins. These parameters can be transferred to the 23 ungaged subbasins. The model simulates storm runoff for a channel-routing model that can be used to improve reservoir operation during floods in the basin.
Rainfall and runoff data were collected from October 1, 1992, to September 30, 1994. A total of 55 storms were recorded at the 5 streamgage stations during the 24 months. Twelve different pervious land segments were defined based on types of soil, land cover, and watershed slope. A total of 20 process-related parameters were defined for each land segment, and 6 basin-related parameters were defined for each stream reach.
The mean absolute errors for the 5 subbasins for simulation of storm peaks range from 48.0 to 470 percent and for simulation of storm volumes range from 34.4 to 416 percent. A sensitivity analysis was done to determine what a change in a parameter value has on the largest storm peak and on the total storm volume. The model then was recalibrated and tested on the basis of the analysis of the sensitivity of parameters and on the analysis of the errors from the initial model calibration and testing. The mean absolute errors for the 5 subbasins using the recalibrated parameters for simulation of storm peaks range from 47.1 to 297 percent, and for simulation of storm volumes range from 27.6 to 193 percent.
The model produced better results for simulation of the larger storm peaks and storm volumes than for simulation of the smaller storm peaks and storm volumes, especially after an extended period of no runoff. The same range in errors can be expected when transferring the parameters to the 23 ungaged subbasins. Additional data collection and model refinement could decrease the range of expected model errors. More storm data and improved discharge rating curves could result in model parameters that account for the wide seasonal variations in runoff in the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri964110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement","usgsCitation":"Raines, T.H., 1996, Simulation of storm peaks and storm volumes for selected subbasins in the West Fork Trinity River Basin, Texas, water years 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4110, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964110.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4110/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58103,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4110/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415186,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48466.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"West Fork Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.05,\n 33.45\n ],\n [\n -98.05,\n 32.9\n ],\n [\n -97.5667,\n 32.9\n ],\n [\n -97.5667,\n 33.45\n ],\n [\n -98.05,\n 33.45\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f220b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, T. H.","contributorId":88389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27403,"text":"wri954237 - 1996 - Hydrology of modern and late holocene lakes, Death Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri954237","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4237","title":"Hydrology of modern and late holocene lakes, Death Valley, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954237","usgsCitation":"Grasso, D., 1996, Hydrology of modern and late holocene lakes, Death Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4237, vii, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954237.","productDescription":"vii, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56262,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601f19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grasso, D.N.","contributorId":28281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasso","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28003,"text":"wri954187 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri954187","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4187","title":"Hydrogeology and steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah","docAbstract":"As part of a multidisciplinary regional aquifer-system \r\nanalysis, a three-dimensional steady-state ground-water-flow \r\nmodel was constructed for the San Juan Basin in parts of New \r\nMexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah. The model simulated ground-\r\nwater flow in 12 hydrostratigraphic units representing all of the \r\nmajor sources of ground water from aquifers of Jurassic and \r\nyounger age.\r\n\r\n Ten map reports in the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic \r\nInvestigations Atlas 720 series were prepared in conjunction with \r\nthis investigation. The units that were described in the atlases \r\nwere the San Jose, Nacimiento, and Animas Formations; Ojo Alamo \r\nSandstone; Kirtland Shale and Fruitland Formation; Pictured \r\nCliffs Sandstone; Cliff House Sandstone; Menefee Formation; Point \r\nLookout Sandstone; Gallup Sandstone; Dakota Sandstone; and \r\nMorrison Formation. Additional descriptions of the alluvial and \r\nlandslide deposits, Chuska and Crevasse Canyon Sandstones, Lewis \r\nand Mancos Shales, Wanakah Formation, and Entrada Sandstone are \r\nincluded in this report. Much of the information in the HA-720 \r\nseries was generated from digital computer data bases that were \r\ndirectly usable by the computer for compilation of input data for \r\nthe model. In essence, the major components of the ground-water-\r\nflow model were described and documented in the series of \r\nhydrologic atlases.\r\n\r\n The primary finding resulting from the ground-water-flow \r\nsimulation was that boundary conditions and internal geometry of \r\nthe aquifers are the major controls of steady-state ground-water \r\nflow and hydraulic heads in the San Juan Basin. Another \r\nsignificant finding was that the computed steady-state ground-\r\nwater flux is a very minor component (about 1 percent) of the \r\ntotal water budget of the basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, [Water Resources Division, New Mexico District] ;\r\nCan be purchased from U.S.G.S., Branch of Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/wri954187","usgsCitation":"Kernodle, J.M., 1996, Hydrogeology and steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4187, ix, 117 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954187.","productDescription":"ix, 117 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4187/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56830,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64986b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kernodle, J. M.","contributorId":81139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44704,"text":"wri944234 - 1996 - Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system, Mullica River basin, New Jersey, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:27","indexId":"wri944234","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4234","title":"Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system, Mullica River basin, New Jersey, 1991-92","docAbstract":"The Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, an unconfined aquifer system, is a major source of water in the Mullica River Basin in southern New Jersey. A water-level map was constructed from water levels measured in 197 wells and at 156 stream sites in the basin. Water levels in six observation wells were evaluated for seasonal fluctuations. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the unconfined aquifer ranges from 20 to 130 feet per day. Mean annual discharge at three streamflow-gaging stations in the Mullica River Basin during 1928-91 was 106 cubic feet per second; annual base flow at these three stations during 1928-91 ranged from 34 to 149 cubic feet per second. Mean discharge and base flow at 17 low-flow partial-record sites were determined by means of low-flow-correlation analyses. Mean annual precipitation in the study area, measured at 3 weather stations, was 45 inches during 1927-91. Annual potential evapotranspiration is estimated to be 28 inches. Twenty-five ground- and 14 surface-water-sampling sites were selected for water-quality analysis. The predominant cation in the ground and surface water is sodium; the predominant anion in the surface water is chloride and the predominant anions in the ground water are chloride and sulfate. Total consumptive water use in the study area is estimated to be more than 3,300 million gallons per year: 526 million gallons for public and private domestic water supply, 2,768 million gallons for for irrigation, and 18 million gallons for industry and mining. A water budget calculated for the Mullicat River Basin indicates that ground-water recharge is about 19 inches per year.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri944234","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.L., and Watt, M.K., 1996, Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system, Mullica River basin, New Jersey, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4234, 10 maps on 6 over-sized sheets ; 49 x 56 cm. or smaller, sheets 70 x 101 cm. or smaller, folded in envelope 25 x 33 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944234.","productDescription":"10 maps on 6 over-sized sheets ; 49 x 56 cm. or smaller, sheets 70 x 101 cm. or smaller, folded in envelope 25 x 33 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110271,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48101.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"48101"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Melissa L.","contributorId":87903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, Martha K. 0000-0001-5651-3428 mwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-3428","contributorId":3275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Martha","email":"mwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27886,"text":"wri954260 - 1996 - Potential effects of climate change on streamflow, eastern and western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T13:23:38","indexId":"wri954260","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4260","title":"Potential effects of climate change on streamflow, eastern and western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Precipitation-runoff models of the East Fork Carson and North Fork American Rivers were developed and calibrated for use in evaluating the sensitivity of streamflow in the north-central Sierra Nevada to climate change. The East Fork Carson River drains part of the rain-shadowed, eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada and is generally higher than the North Fork American River, which drains the wetter, western slope. First, a geographic information system was developed to describe the spatial variability of basin characteristics and to help estimate model parameters. The result was a partitioning of each basin into noncontiguous, but hydrologically uniform, land units. Hydrologic descriptions of these units were developed and the Precipitation- Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to simulate water and energy balances for each unit in response to daily weather conditions. The models were calibrated and verified using historical streamflows over 22-year (Carson River) and 42-year (American River) periods. Simulated annual streamflow errors average plus 10 percent of the observed flow for the East Fork Carson River basin and plus 15 percent for the North Fork American River basin. Interannual variability is well simulated overall, but, at daily scales, wet periods are simulated more accurately than drier periods. The simulated water budgets for the two basins are significantly different in seasonality of streamflow, sublimation, evapotranspiration, and snowmelt. The simulations indicate that differences in snowpack and snowmelt timing can play pervasive roles in determining the sensitivity of water resources to climate change, in terms of both resource availability and amount. The calibrated models were driven by more than 25 hypothetical climate-change scenarios, each 100 years long. The scenarios were synthesized and spatially disaggregated by methods designed to preserve realistic daily, monthly, annual, and spatial statistics. Simulated streamflow timing was not very sensitive to changes in mean precipitation, but was sensitive to changes in mean temperatures. Changes in annual streamflow amounts were amplified reflections of imposed mean precipitation changes, with especially large responses to wetter climates. In contrast, streamflow amount was surprisingly insensitive to mean temperature changes as a result of temporal links between peak snowmelt and the beginning of warm-season evapotranspiration. Comparisons of simulations driven by temporally detailed climate-model changes in which mean temperature changes vary from month to month and simulations in which uniform climate changes were imposed throughout the year indicate that the snowpack accumulates the influences of short-term conditions so that season average climate changes were more important than shorter term changes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954260","usgsCitation":"Jeton, A., Dettinger, M.D., and Smith, J.L., 1996, Potential effects of climate change on streamflow, eastern and western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4260, v, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954260.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4260/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56708,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4260/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeton, A.E.","contributorId":61841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 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LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5204,"text":"fs18096 - 1996 - Review and evaluation of a model for simulating the natural hydrology of South Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T15:52:11.856503","indexId":"fs18096","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"180-96","displayTitle":"Review and Evaluation of a Model for Simulating the Natural Hydrology of South Florida","title":"Review and evaluation of a model for simulating the natural hydrology of South Florida","docAbstract":"The South Florida Ecosystem Program is an intergovernmental effort to re-establish and maintain the ecosystem of South Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for making management decisions. The U.S. Geologcal Survey (USGS) is one of the agencies that provides this needed scientific information through the USGS South Florida Ecosystem Program.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs18096","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., Fulford, J.M., and Swain, E.D., 1996, Review and evaluation of a model for simulating the natural hydrology of South Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 180-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18096.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31935,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0180/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-180"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.540283203125,\n 24.337086982410497\n ],\n [\n -79.60693359375,\n 24.337086982410497\n ],\n [\n -79.60693359375,\n 26.980828590472107\n ],\n [\n -82.540283203125,\n 26.980828590472107\n ],\n [\n -82.540283203125,\n 24.337086982410497\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
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Park Lake extends to the northeast from the village of Pardeeville in Columbia County (fig. 1). Local residents perceive water-quality problems in the lake that include excessive algae and aquatic plant growth. Algae and plant growth in a lake are controlled, in part, by the availability of phosphorus in the water. However, no measurements of phosphorus enter- ing the lake or of other factors that affect lake-water quality had been made, and available data on water quality were limited to 2 years of measurements at one site in the lake in 1986- 87. To obtain the data and in- formation needed to address the water-quality problems at Park Lake and to develop a management plan that would limit the input of phosphorus to the lake, the U.S. Geologi- cal Survey, in cooperation with the Park Lake Management District, studied the hydrology of the lake and collected data needed to determine sources and amount of phosphorus en- tering the lake. This Fact Sheet summarizes the results of that study. Data collected during the study were published in a separate report (Holmstrom and others, 1994, p. 70-85).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs19796","usgsCitation":"Kammerer, P., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Park Lake, south-central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 197-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs19796.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31882,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0197/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Columbia County","otherGeospatial":"Park Lake","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.2453,43.643],[-89.127,43.6436],[-89.1271,43.6318],[-89.007,43.6332],[-89.0063,43.548],[-89.0044,43.4616],[-89.0038,43.3737],[-89.0088,43.3738],[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7292,43.3026],[-89.7279,43.3108],[-89.7254,43.3153],[-89.7229,43.3181],[-89.7185,43.3195],[-89.7129,43.3226],[-89.7078,43.3277],[-89.7028,43.3345],[-89.6909,43.3495],[-89.684,43.3573],[-89.6783,43.3586],[-89.6708,43.3582],[-89.6613,43.3577],[-89.6456,43.36],[-89.6311,43.3646],[-89.6166,43.371],[-89.6009,43.3806],[-89.6004,43.4688],[-89.5999,43.5544],[-89.6075,43.5603],[-89.6138,43.5626],[-89.6277,43.5617],[-89.6359,43.5603],[-89.6511,43.5621],[-89.658,43.5634],[-89.6643,43.5657],[-89.6707,43.5666],[-89.6783,43.5671],[-89.6877,43.5634],[-89.6934,43.5616],[-89.6991,43.562],[-89.706,43.5648],[-89.7187,43.5652],[-89.7288,43.5661],[-89.7351,43.5693],[-89.7364,43.5743],[-89.7326,43.5793],[-89.7288,43.5829],[-89.7244,43.587],[-89.7188,43.5929],[-89.7207,43.597],[-89.727,43.5979],[-89.7428,43.597],[-89.751,43.5997],[-89.7567,43.6029],[-89.7662,43.6029],[-89.7738,43.6092],[-89.7763,43.6161],[-89.7808,43.6215],[-89.7802,43.6274],[-89.7789,43.6343],[-89.784,43.6388],[-89.7866,43.6411],[-89.779,43.6411],[-89.7195,43.643],[-89.6,43.6427],[-89.4837,43.6423],[-89.3648,43.6427],[-89.2453,43.643]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Columbia\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604d75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kammerer, P.A.","contributorId":21943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerer","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}