The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created a virtual training series for the Afghanistan Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW), now known as the National Water Affairs Regulation Authority (NWARA), to provide critical hydrological training as an alternative to an in-person training. The USGS was scheduled to provide in-person surface-water training for NWARA during 2020; however, travel was halted because of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) pandemic. The virtual training consisted of prerecorded and live presentations that were scheduled during 4 weeks in August 2021. However, the training was halted after the second week due to the collapse of the Afghan Government. Fortunately, the prerecorded presentations and training materials were delivered before the trainings were halted, so they can be viewed or shared by the participants in the future. A benefit to having produced prerecorded trainings is that USGS can leverage or adapt the trainings for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) involved in humanitarian water relief efforts in Afghanistan or can be used for other international training efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Groten, J.T., Valder, J.F., Densmore, B.K., Neal, L.W., Krahulik, J., and Mack, T.J., 2022, Virtual training prepared for the former Afghanistan Ministry of Energy and Water—Streamgaging, fluvial sediment sampling, bathymetry, and streamflow and sediment modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022–3014, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223014.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-137256","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":396850,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/fs20223014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"545 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2022-3014"},{"id":396851,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/fs20223014.XML"},{"id":396854,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/images"}],"contact":"Director, Office of International Programs
U.S. Geological Survey
411 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Many grass-dominated ecosystems in dryland regions have experienced increasing woody plant density and abundance during the past century. In many cases, this process has led to land degradation and declines in ecosystem functions. An example is the Chihuahuan Desert in the southwestern United States, which experienced different stages of shrub encroachment in the past 150 years. Among a wide variety of mechanisms to explain the grass–shrub transitions in this dryland system, soil erosion (both wind and water) and fire are particularly well studied. Here, we synthesize recent developments on the drivers and feedback in the process of shrub encroachment in the Chihuahuan Desert through the intercomparison of two Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites, namely Jornada and Sevilleta. Experimental and modeling studies support a conceptual framework, which underscores the important roles of erosion and fire in woody plant encroachment. Collectively, research at the Jornada LTER provided complementary, quantitative support to the well-known fertile-islands framework. Studies at the Sevilleta LTER expanded the framework, adding fire as a major disturbance to woody plants. Conceptual models derived from the synthesis represent the general understanding of shrub encroachment that emerged from research at these two sites, and can guide management interventions aimed at reducing or mitigating undesirable ecosystem state change in many other drylands worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3949","usgsCitation":"Li, J., Ravi, S., Wang, G., Van Pelt, R.S., Gill, T.E., and Sankey, J., 2022, Woody plant encroachment of grassland and the reversibility of shrub dominance: Erosion, fire, and feedback processes: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 3, e3949, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3949.","productDescription":"e3949, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124265","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3949","text":"External Repository"},{"id":402103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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Mexico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Junran","contributorId":202740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Junran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36521,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ravi, Sujith","contributorId":202738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ravi","given":"Sujith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Guan","contributorId":202741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Guan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36521,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Pelt, R. Scott","contributorId":195937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Pelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gill, Thomas E.","contributorId":255127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":261248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70261239,"text":"70261239 - 2022 - Porewater chemistry of Louisiana marshes with contrasting salinities and its implications for coastal acidification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-03T14:50:44.967419","indexId":"70261239","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-08T08:46:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porewater chemistry of Louisiana marshes with contrasting salinities and its implications for coastal acidification","docAbstract":"Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) are fundamental components of carbonate systems that control pH and buffering capacity of the receiving water body. Three coastal marshes with contrasting salinities in Barataria Basin, Louisiana, USA, were sampled to understand seasonal changes in porewater carbonate chemistry and its impact on surrounding water bodies. Each marsh was sampled five times between December 2018 and October 2019. Porewater DIC and TA increased with depth irrespective of marsh type and ranged from 4.47 to 31.61 mmol/kg and from 1.78 to 28.56 mmol/kg, respectively. The salt marsh had higher porewater DIC and TA compared to the lower salinity intermediate and brackish marshes, probably due to sulfate reduction in the salt marsh. However, it is likely that denitrification is the dominant anaerobic process in these marshes because of low porewater TA/DIC ratios in all three marshes. Porewater TA and DIC concentrations were generally higher during warmer months than colder months. However, the marsh flooding regime had a profound influence on TA and DIC concentrations by changing the redox potential of the marsh soil. Porewater TA/DIC ratios in all three marshes were generally less than 1, while surface water TA/DIC ratios were around 1, suggesting that export of DIC and TA from coastal marshes have the potential to contribute to coastal acidification.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107801","usgsCitation":"He, S., Maiti, K., Swarzenski, C., Elsey-Quirk, T., Groseclose, G., and Justic, D., 2022, Porewater chemistry of Louisiana marshes with contrasting salinities and its implications for coastal acidification: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 268, 107801, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107801.","productDescription":"107801, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129955","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107801","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.51557968720905,\n 29.830792799196345\n ],\n [\n -90.51557968720905,\n 29.234933229173492\n ],\n [\n -89.75416975401312,\n 29.234933229173492\n ],\n [\n -89.75416975401312,\n 29.830792799196345\n ],\n [\n -90.51557968720905,\n 29.830792799196345\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"268","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, Songjie","contributorId":329472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"Songjie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maiti, Kanchan","contributorId":316257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maiti","given":"Kanchan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher 0000-0001-9843-1471","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":222381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elsey-Quirk, Tracy","contributorId":214099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elsey-Quirk","given":"Tracy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13050,"text":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Groseclose, Gina 0000-0003-2546-7099","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2546-7099","contributorId":346865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groseclose","given":"Gina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83002,"text":"Contractor, Dept of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Justic, Dubravko","contributorId":346866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Justic","given":"Dubravko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83003,"text":"Dept of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70234274,"text":"70234274 - 2022 - Patterns of parental care and movement in divided broods of golden-winged warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-08T12:06:39.630097","indexId":"70234274","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-08T07:03:35","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of parental care and movement in divided broods of golden-winged warblers","docAbstract":"Post-fledging brood division is a poorly understood, yet widespread suite of avian behaviours that includes both division of parental care and spatial division of a brood. For most species, the differences in parental care between adult males and females and the behavioural mechanisms explaining spatial patterns of brood division are unknown. We studied brood division in golden-winged warblers Vermivora chrysoptera to describe the spatial and behavioural characteristics of brood division and assess hypotheses describing the potential benefits of brood division. Female golden-winged warblers are known to travel farther from their nests than males within the post-fledging period, although the mechanism resulting in this spatial pattern is unknown. From 2010 to 2012, we monitored radio-marked golden-winged warbler fledglings from fledging until independence from adult care at three sites in the western Great Lakes region of North America. We observed no significant differences in provisioning, parental attendance, daily distance traveled and fledgling begging between male- and female-reared sub-broods. We also did not observe a relationship between parental sex and fledgling sex or mass. However, female-reared sub-broods exhibited a unique period of relatively consistent directional movement on days 8–10 after fledging, which resulted in females traveling farther from the nests than males. Our observations were not fully consistent with any previously proposed hypotheses about the benefits of brood division. Brood division is a complex behaviour that may have a suite of benefits, including predation defense and provisioning efficiency, that are not fully understood.
Megathrust earthquakes and their associated tsunamis cause some of the worst natural disasters. In addition to earthquakes, a wide range of slip behaviors are present at subduction zones, including slow earthquakes that span multiple orders of spatial and temporal scales. Understanding these events may shed light on the stress or strength conditions of the megathrust fault. Out of all types of slow earthquakes, very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) are most enigmatic because they are difficult to detect reliably, and the physical nature of VLFEs are poorly understood. Here we show three VLFEs in Cascadia that were dynamically triggered by a 2009 Mw 6.9 Canal de Ballenas earthquake in the Gulf of California. The VLFEs likely locate in between the seismogenic zone and the Cascadia episodic tremor and slip (ETS) zone, including one event with a moment magnitude of 5.7. This is the largest VLFE reported to date, causing clear geodetic signals. Our results show that the Cascadia megathrust fault might slip rapidly at some spots in this gap zone, and such a permissible slip behavior has direct seismic hazard implications for coastal communities and perhaps further inland. Further, the observed seismic sources may represent a new class of slip events, whose characteristics do not fit current understandings of slow or regular earthquakes.
Aquatic pathogens are a major concern for fish hatchery production, fisheries management, and conservation, and disease control needs to be addressed. Two important salmonid pathogens are Myxobolus cerebralis and Flavobacterium psychrophilum that cause whirling disease and bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), respectively. Innate disease resistance is a potential option for reducing disease-related mortality in hatchery-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Two experiments were conducted to assess pathogen resistance of first-generation (F1) rainbow trout created by crossing M. cerebralis- and F. psychrophilum-resistant strains. In the first experiment, we exposed two rainbow trout strains and one F1 cross to six treatments: control (no exposure), mock injection, F. psychrophilum only, M. cerebralis only, F. psychrophilum then M. cerebralis, and M. cerebralis then F. psychrophilum. Results indicated that the F1 cross was not resistant to either pathogen. In the second experiment, we exposed five rainbow trout strains and four rainbow trout crosses to F. psychrophilum. The second experiment indicated that at least one rainbow trout cross was F. psychrophilum-resistant. Achieving dual resistance may be possible using selective breeding but only some multigenerational strains are suitable candidates for further evaluation.
Detrital zircon U-Pb studies of mudstone provenance are rare but may preferentially fingerprint distal zircon sources. To examine this issue, Pierre Shale and Trinidad Sandstone deposited in a Late Cretaceous deltaic environment in the Raton Basin, Colorado (USA), were measured for detrital zircon U-Pb age by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Two major detrital zircon age peaks at ca. 70 and 1690 Ma are found in both Pierre Shale and Trinidad Sandstone but in inversely varying proportions: 68% and 16%, respectively, for the finest zircon fraction (~15–35 μm) in the shale, and 25% and 32%, respectively, for the coarsest zircon fraction (~60–80 μm) in the sandstone. Proximal sources in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, directly west of the Raton Basin, contain coarse-grained, ca. 1690 Ma zircon, whereas distal sources in Laramide uplifts and basins in Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona contain fine-grained, ca. 70 Ma zircon. The results indicate that U-Pb zircon provenance of mudstone reflects availability of volcanic and other fine-grained source rocks rather than simply distal sources. U-Pb zircon provenance studies should routinely include mudstone units because these units may identify fine-grained zircon sources more reliably than sandstones alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/G49684.1","usgsCitation":"Sylvester, P., Souders, A., and Liu, R., 2022, Significance of U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology for mudstone provenance: Geology, v. 50, no. 6, p. 670-675, https://doi.org/10.1130/G49684.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"670","endPage":"675","ipdsId":"IP-133330","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g49684.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, 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\"}}]}","volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sylvester, Paul 0000-0003-0741-0574","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-0574","contributorId":351483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sylvester","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Souders, Amanda Kate 0000-0002-1367-8924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-8924","contributorId":296423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souders","given":"Amanda Kate","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Rui 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Given recent insights into partial DVM by M. diluviana, we note that proximate factors associated with predator avoidance in pelagic (light availability) and benthic (hunger level, body size and reproductive status) habitats may convey complimentary benefits to M. diluviana fitness by reducing predation mortality and increasing metabolic efficiency.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10750-022-04832-w","usgsCitation":"Chipps, S.R., Bennett, D., Deslauriers, D., and Rudstam, L., 2022, The cost of avoiding predators: A bioenergetic analysis of diel vertical migration by the opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana: Hydrobiologia, v. 849, p. 1871-1884, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04832-w.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1871","endPage":"1884","ipdsId":"IP-127536","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pend Oreille","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.67324526551994,\n 48.40859279963456\n ],\n [\n -116.67324526551994,\n 47.92834413614517\n ],\n [\n -116.14169467852497,\n 47.92834413614517\n ],\n [\n -116.14169467852497,\n 48.40859279963456\n ],\n [\n -116.67324526551994,\n 48.40859279963456\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"849","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, David H.","contributorId":349207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"David H.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deslauriers, David","contributorId":349208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deslauriers","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":36676,"text":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":349209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70229523,"text":"70229523 - 2022 - Draft genome sequence of a novel calicivirus from a brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T16:59:06.426979","indexId":"70229523","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-07T15:54:27","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5813,"text":"Microbiology Resource Announcements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Draft genome sequence of a novel calicivirus from a brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec","title":"Draft genome sequence of a novel calicivirus from a brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec","docAbstract":"Some jurisdictions in the eastern United States have reduced harvest of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) because of perceived declines in recruitment and population size over the last decade. Although the restoration of American black bears (Ursus americanus) and the colonization of coyotes (Canis latrans) have increased fawn predation in some areas, limited information exists on how temporally dynamic resources and weather influence fawn survival. Therefore, we evaluated fawn survival probability, cause specific mortality, and if factors such as oak (Quercus spp.) mast abundance, winter severity, precipitation, and landscape composition influenced mortality risk on Marine Corps Base Quantico in northern Virginia, USA, from 2008 to 2019. We tracked 248 fawns outfitted with very high frequency radio-collars and predation was the leading cause of mortality (n = 42; 45%). We estimated survival to 133 days and survival pooling all years (2008–2019) was 0.50 (95% CI = 0.42–0.60). Increased annual red oak (Quercus spp.) mast abundance from the previous fall reduced mortality hazard for fawns. The longevity of our study revealed a link between fawn survival and a specific maternal resource (red oak mast) only available during gestation. Our results highlight the importance of oak mast in eastern deciduous forests and, more broadly, overwinter maternal condition on white-tailed deer recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22180","usgsCitation":"Aubin, G., Nye, C., Rohm, J., Stamps, R., Ford, W., and Cherry, M., 2022, Survival of white-tailed deer fawns on Marine Corps Base Quantico: The Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 86, no. 3, e22180, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22180.","productDescription":"e22180, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123154","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22180","text":"External Repository"},{"id":466015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Marine Corps Base Quantico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.525,\n 38.675\n ],\n [\n -77.525,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77.275,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77.275,\n 38.675\n ],\n [\n -77.525,\n 38.675\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aubin, Gisele R.","contributorId":347865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aubin","given":"Gisele R.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nye, Christa C.","contributorId":347866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nye","given":"Christa C.","affiliations":[{"id":54576,"text":"DoD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rohm, John H.","contributorId":347867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rohm","given":"John H.","affiliations":[{"id":54576,"text":"DoD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stamps, R.T.","contributorId":347868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stamps","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[{"id":54576,"text":"DoD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":922701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cherry, Michael J.","contributorId":342702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cherry","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":81913,"text":"Texas A&M University - Kingsville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70229424,"text":"fs20223007 - 2022 - Landslides in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-08T11:38:53.884802","indexId":"fs20223007","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-07T11:28:04","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-3007","displayTitle":"Landslides in Minnesota","title":"Landslides in Minnesota","docAbstract":"Landslides in Minnesota have caused loss of life, damaged infrastructure, and negatively affected Minnesota’s natural resources. Landslides increase the amount of sediment contributed to lakes and rivers, with negative consequences for water quality and aquatic habitats. Recent mapping reveals that landslide susceptible areas within Minnesota primarily occur on steep slopes adjacent to rivers, lakes, and transportation corridors. Local variation in landslide susceptibility is related to the underlying geology and glacial history.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Duluth; Freshwater Society; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Wisconsin-Superior; Gustavus Adolphus College; Winona State University; Minnesota State University, Mankato; St. Thomas University; and North Dakota State University","usgsCitation":"DeLong, S.B., Jennings, C.E., and Gran, K.B., 2022, Landslides in Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022-3007, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223007.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-134166","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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\"}}]}","contact":"Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif.
Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Species distributions are governed by processes occurring at multiple spatial scales. For species with complex life cycles, the needs of all life stages must be met within the dispersal limitations of the species. Multi-scale processes can be particularly important for these species, where small-scale patterns in specific habitat components can affect the distribution of one life stage, whereas large-scale patterns in land cover might better explain the distribution of other life stages. Using a conditional multi-scale model, we evaluated which aspects of the landscape and local environment are most strongly related to occupancy patterns of western spadefoots (Spea hammondii). In northern and central California, the proportion of grassland land cover within 2 km of a site was positively related to the occurrence of the northern clade of the western spadefoot. At the pond scale, we found that western spadefoots were more likely to breed in pools with lower pH. Our results indicate that protecting remaining grasslands for adult spadefoots and ensuring multiple pools with diverse characteristics and hydroperiods so at least some pools result in successful breeding will likely be necessary to conserve western spadefoots, especially with a changing climate. Considering the processes that affect species distributions at multiple life stages and spatial scales is an essential component of effective conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3960","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Rose, J.P., Clark, D., Kleeman, P.M., and Fisher, R., 2022, Multi-scale patterns in occurrence of an ephemeral pool-breeding amphibian: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 3, e3960, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3960.","productDescription":"e3960, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127818","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3960","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E1SP64","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Western Spadefoot Survey Data in Northern and Central California (2019)"},{"id":397856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 33.46810795527896\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Jonathan P. 0000-0003-0874-9166 jprose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9166","contributorId":199339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Jonathan","email":"jprose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Denise 0000-0002-9688-2946 drclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-2946","contributorId":213957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Denise","email":"drclark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70229415,"text":"70229415 - 2022 - Comparison of electrofishing and PIT antennas for detection of hatchery-reared Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) stocked into a desert stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-07T14:53:31.825137","indexId":"70229415","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-07T08:39:50","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2530,"text":"Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of electrofishing and PIT antennas for detection of hatchery-reared Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) stocked into a desert stream","title":"Comparison of electrofishing and PIT antennas for detection of hatchery-reared Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) stocked into a desert stream","docAbstract":"Stocking of rare native fishes for conservation purposes is a common practice in the southwestern United States. Monitoring typically occurs after hatchery-reared fish are released to assess post-stocking movement and survival. We conducted a two-year study, in which tow-barge electrofishing and portable, flat-bed passive integrated transponder (PIT) antennas were used to monitor PIT-tagged, hatchery-reared roundtail chub (Gila robusta) following release into the upper Verde River in Arizona. Specifically, our study aimed to compare the performance of PIT antennas and electrofishing in detecting PIT tagged fish released in a small desert river and to examine the behavioral response of hatchery-reared roundtail chub after stocking. In both years, more fish were detected by antenna arrays (84%) than by electrofishing (30%). roundtail chub were significantly more likely to be detected by antennas than electrofishing each year; however, when antenna data were evaluated only during the few days in which electrofishing took place, there was no significant difference (Year 1, p=0.1784; Year 2, p=0.6295) in detection between gear types for the same time interval, suggesting that electrofishing and antennas are equally likely to detect fish during 48-72 hour time frames. Within 72 hours of release, antennas detected 100% of fish that moved upstream and 93.8% of fish that moved downstream from the stocking location. Overall, less than half (45.6% in Year 1; 41.1% in Year 2) of the stocked roundtail chub were detected using both methods in both years. Utilization of both active capture gear (electrofishing) and passive gear (antennae) had advantages over monitoring with a single method. PIT antennae can be especially useful for managers who lack the personnel or time to implement more intensive methods of capture but want to monitor post-stocking movement and survival of stocked fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arizona-Nevada Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.2181/036.049.0209","usgsCitation":"Tennant, L.A., Ward, D., and Gibb, A.C., 2022, Comparison of electrofishing and PIT antennas for detection of hatchery-reared Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) stocked into a desert stream: Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, v. 49, no. 2, p. 116-126, https://doi.org/10.2181/036.049.0209.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-099559","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2181/036.049.0209","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99PGQGL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hatchery-reared Roundtail Chub Data, Arizona USA"},{"id":396785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Verde River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.47227668762206,\n 34.85346724741666\n ],\n [\n -112.39751815795898,\n 34.85346724741666\n ],\n [\n -112.39751815795898,\n 34.87565098440711\n ],\n [\n -112.47227668762206,\n 34.87565098440711\n ],\n [\n -112.47227668762206,\n 34.85346724741666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tennant, Laura A. 0000-0003-0062-7287 ltennant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-7287","contributorId":5984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennant","given":"Laura","email":"ltennant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David 0000-0002-3355-0637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-0637","contributorId":216231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibb, Alice C.","contributorId":207521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibb","given":"Alice","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70229393,"text":"70229393 - 2022 - Deep learning detection and recognition of spot elevations on historic topographic maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-07T14:39:01.222238","indexId":"70229393","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-07T08:33:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5738,"text":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep learning detection and recognition of spot elevations on historic topographic maps","docAbstract":"Some information contained in historical topographic maps has yet to be captured digitally, which limits the ability to automatically query such data. For example, U.S. Geological Survey’s historical topographic map collection (HTMC) displays millions of spot elevations at locations that were carefully chosen to best represent the terrain at the time. Although research has attempted to reproduce these data points, it has proven inadequate to automatically detect and recognize spot elevations in the HTMC. We propose a deep learning workflow pretrained using large benchmark text datasets. To these datasets we add manually crafted training image/label pairs, and test how many are required to improve prediction accuracy. We find that the initial model, pretrained solely with benchmark data, fails to predict any HTMC spot elevations correctly, whereas the addition of just 50 custom image/label pairs increases the predictive ability by ~50%, and the inclusion of 350 data pairs increased performance by ~80%. Data augmentation in the form of rotation, scaling and translation (offset) expanded the size and diversity of the training dataset and vastly improved recognition accuracy up to ~95%. Visualization methods, such as heat map generation and salient feature detection are recommended to better understand why some predictions fail.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.804155","usgsCitation":"Arundel, S., Morgan, T.P., and Thiem, P.T., 2022, Deep learning detection and recognition of spot elevations on historic topographic maps: Frontiers in Environmental Science, v. 10, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.804155.","productDescription":"804155, 10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-129409","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.804155","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chiang, Yao-Yi","contributorId":288084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiang","given":"Yao-Yi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837350,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Arundel, Samantha T. 0000-0002-4863-0138 sarundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4863-0138","contributorId":192598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Samantha","email":"sarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Trenton P.","contributorId":287989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"Trenton","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":61682,"text":"Rolla, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thiem, Philip T. 0000-0002-3324-2589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-2589","contributorId":287990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiem","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70230446,"text":"70230446 - 2022 - Warming in the upper San Francisco Estuary: Patterns of water temperature change from five decades of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-01T15:16:59.494274","indexId":"70230446","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-07T06:34:28","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Warming in the upper San Francisco Estuary: Patterns of water temperature change from five decades of data","docAbstract":"Temperature is a key controlling variable from subcellular to ecosystem scales. Thus, climatic warming is expected to have broad impacts, especially in economically and ecologically valuable systems such as estuaries. The heavily managed upper San Francisco Estuary supplies water to millions of people and is home to fish species of high conservation, commercial, and recreational interest. Despite a long monitoring record (> 50 yr), we do not yet know how water temperatures have already changed or how trends vary spatially or seasonally. We fit generalized additive models on an integrated database of discrete water temperature observations to estimate long-term trends with spatio-seasonal variability. We found that water temperatures have increased 0.017°C yr−1 on average over the past 50 yr. Rates of temperature change have varied over time, but warming was predominant. Temperature increases were most widespread in the late-fall to winter (November to February) and mid-spring (April to June), coinciding with the winter development of juvenile Chinook salmon and spring spawning window of the endangered delta smelt. Warming was fastest in the northern regions, a key fish migration corridor with important tidal wetland habitat. However, no long-term temperature trends were detected in October and were only observed in some regions in May, July, and August. These results can help identify optimal areas for restoration or refugia to buffer the effects of a warming climate, and the methods can be leveraged to understand the spatiotemporal variability in climate warming patterns in other aquatic systems.
Grasslands and shrublands exhibit pronounced spatial and temporal variability in structure and function with differences in phenology that can be difficult to observe. Unpiloted aerial vehicles (UAVs) can measure vegetation spectral patterns relatively cheaply and repeatably at fine spatial resolution. We tested the ability of UAVs to measure phenological variability within vegetation functional groups and to improve classification accuracy at two sites in Montana, U.S.A. We tested four flight frequencies during the growing season. Classification accuracy based on reference data increased by 5–10% between a single flight and scenarios including all conducted flights. Accuracy increased from 50.6% to 61.4% at the drier site, while at the more mesic/densely vegetated site, we found an increase of 59.0% to 64.4% between a single and multiple flights over the growing season. Peak green-up varied by 2–4 weeks within the scenes, and sparse vegetation classes had only a short detectable window of active phtosynthesis; therefore, a single flight could not capture all vegetation that was active across the growing season. The multi-temporal analyses identified differences in the seasonal timing of green-up and senescence within herbaceous and sagebrush classes. Multiple UAV measurements can identify the fine-scale phenological variability in complex mixed grass/shrub vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs14051290","usgsCitation":"Wood, D.J., Preston, T.M., Powell, S., and Stoy, P.C., 2022, Multiple UAV flights across the growing season can characterize fine scale phenological heterogeneity within and among vegetation functional groups: Remote Sensing, v. 14, 1290, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051290.","productDescription":"1290, 28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135792","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96848FL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"UAV based vegetation classification results and input NDVI, vegetation height, and texture datasets for two Montana rangeland sites in 2018"},{"id":401978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.07403564453124,\n 44.78573392716592\n ],\n [\n -111.49749755859375,\n 44.78573392716592\n ],\n [\n -111.49749755859375,\n 45.592900208269825\n ],\n [\n -113.07403564453124,\n 45.592900208269825\n ],\n [\n -113.07403564453124,\n 44.78573392716592\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, David J. A. 0000-0003-4315-5160 dwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4315-5160","contributorId":177588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"David","email":"dwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Preston, Todd M. 0000-0002-8812-9233","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-9233","contributorId":204676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Scott","contributorId":192347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoy, Paul C.","contributorId":204157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoy","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242758,"text":"70242758 - 2022 - Shallow faulting and folding in the epicentral area of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T11:49:27.421928","indexId":"70242758","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-06T06:44:26","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow faulting and folding in the epicentral area of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake","docAbstract":"The moment magnitude (
Annual bank erosion was measured at multiple cross sections along the free-flowing meandering Powder River in the western United States from 1979 through 2019. Bank erosion was separated into two components—above water and underwater erosion. Above water erosion was measured as the annual bank retreat rate (0–15.4 m y−1). Underwater erosion rate (0–47 m3 m−1 y−1) was calculated as the volume eroded below the water level corresponding to the dominant annual peak discharge, Qp. This paper focuses primarily on the underwater erosion. A total of 491 annual erosion rates were calculated for 23 bank sites along a 90-km study reach in southeastern Montana. Sites were not just hotspots for bank erosion but represent the spectra of variables such as the radius of curvature divided by channel width, R/w (2–86), the peak discharge, Qp (22.7–314 m3 s−1), and the bank orientation (0–360°).
Local annual bank erosion was extremely variable in time and space. It was episodic and unsynchronized along the study reach with the maximum annual bank erosion occurring in different years at different bank sites. The composite probability distribution of all 491 annual bank erosion rates was best modeled by a zero-adjusted Weibull distribution. Individual probability distributions for each of the 23 sites were all different from each other and from the composite distribution highlighting the extreme variability. The correlation of the annual underwater erosion with channel geometry and bank variables was low (R2 < 0.31) but the correlation was higher for peak discharge with 25% of the sites having R2 > 0.50.
Time-averaging reduced the variability at each site and when grouped into five peak-discharge classes each class was correlated with R/w as a power law with an exponent of about −1. Reach-averaging also reduced the variability for each year, and when grouped by bank orientation (north-, east-, south-, and west-facing), bank erosion was linearly related to Qp with south- and west-facing orientations having about twice as much erosion per unit discharge (0.030 m3 m−1 y−1/m3 s−1) than north- and east-facing orientations.
Bank erosion was found to be not just a multi-variate complex process with little correlation and high variability that suggests randomness, but also a process that was a function of a different combinations of variables at different sites at the same time. However, this high variability was reduced by time- and reach-averaging, which produced predictable results analogous to the central limit theorem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108134","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., 2022, The effects of discharge and bank orientation on the annual riverbank erosion along Powder River in Montana, USA: Geomorphology, v. 403, 108134, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108134.","productDescription":"108134, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128404","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Powder River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.1060780230682,\n 44.99730993309305\n ],\n [\n -105.34780716843096,\n 44.99730993309305\n ],\n [\n -105.34780716843096,\n 45.476708847648894\n ],\n [\n -106.1060780230682,\n 45.476708847648894\n ],\n [\n -106.1060780230682,\n 44.99730993309305\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"403","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70255136,"text":"70255136 - 2022 - Many avenues for spatial personality research: a response to comments on Stuber et al. (2022)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-12T23:35:34.384006","indexId":"70255136","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-04T18:34:08","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Many avenues for spatial personality research: a response to comments on Stuber et al. (2022)","docAbstract":"We are grateful for the thought-provoking and forward-looking commentaries (Dingemanse et al. 2022; Mabry 2022; Spiegel and Pinter-Wollman 2022; Vander Wal et al. 2022) in response to our meta-analysis of evidence for consistent among-individual differences in animals’ spatial behaviors (Stuber et al. 2022). A clear consensus is that our demonstration of the prevalence of repeatability across spatial behaviors, and taxa, is only the first step towards identifying the mechanisms and consequences of variation in spatial behavior. Here, we take the opportunity to emphasize key future directions pertaining to uncovering mechanisms, disentangling apparent personality from spatial constraints, and examining additional metrics of variation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arac018","usgsCitation":"Stuber, E.F., Carlson, B., and Jesmer, B., 2022, Many avenues for spatial personality research: a response to comments on Stuber et al. (2022): Behavioral Ecology, v. 33, no. 3, p. 492-493, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arac018.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"493","ipdsId":"IP-136443","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arac018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuber, Erica Francis 0000-0002-2687-6874","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2687-6874","contributorId":298084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuber","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"Francis","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Ben","contributorId":338737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jesmer, Brett","contributorId":338738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jesmer","given":"Brett","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70229369,"text":"70229369 - 2022 - Leveraging rangeland monitoring data for wildlife: From concept to practice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-04T15:45:24.688257","indexId":"70229369","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-04T09:31:12","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leveraging rangeland monitoring data for wildlife: From concept to practice","docAbstract":"Available rangeland data, from field-measured plots to remotely sensed landscapes, provide much needed information for mapping and modeling wildlife habitats.
Better integration of wildlife habitat characteristics into rangeland monitoring schemes is needed for most rangeland wildlife species at varying spatial and temporal scales.
Here, we aim to stimulate use of and inspire ideas about rangeland monitoring data in the context of wildlife habitat modeling and species conservation.
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To achieve this goal the TMDL requires the implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs), which are accepted land management practices for reducing pollutant runoff to nearby bodies of water. While the TMDL requires that the necessary management actions be in place by 2025 to eventually reach targeted nutrient loads, the ability to detect an effect of BMPs while assuming that one has occurred (i.e. statistical power) is still not well understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the power and required timelines to detect nutrient reductions in streams and rivers as the result of BMP implementation at the Chesapeake Watershed scale. Power estimates were produced using SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models, which offer a flexible statistical framework and were recently extended to allow for modeling multiple time steps. 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard","contributorId":219089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blomquist, Joel D. 0000-0002-0140-6534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-6534","contributorId":215461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"Joel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Devereux, Olivia H.","contributorId":97238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devereux","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L. 0000-0002-1214-4920","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4920","contributorId":214623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70229392,"text":"70229392 - 2022 - Early Neoproterozoic gold deposits of the Alto Guaporé province, southwestern Amazon craton, western Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-04T15:06:26.624931","indexId":"70229392","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-04T08:56:29","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Neoproterozoic gold deposits of the Alto Guaporé province, southwestern Amazon craton, western Brazil","docAbstract":"The Alto Guaporé gold province, southwestern Amazon craton, contains gold deposits that have been mined since the beginning of the 18th century and these deposits, together, have modern-day, pre-mining gold resources of at least 1.8 Moz. The ore is associated with quartz vein systems along the southeastern part of the Aguapei belt, a ~35-km-wide and ~500-km-long, NNW-trending shear zone formed due to reactivation of a terrane-bounding suture. The Aguapei belt evolved by ca. 1150 to 1100 Ma rifting and deposition of siliciclastic sediments in an aulacogen basin, followed by deformation and low-grade metamorphism of the sedimentary sequences during 1100 to 900 Ma terrane collision along the craton margin. The deformation was characterized by a compressional regime until ca. 950 Ma and transition to a transpressional setting during the final 50 m.y.
The gold deposits are hosted in a variety of structures that are second-order to the main Aguapei shear zone. The Ernesto and Pau-a-Pique deposits are located ~40 km apart and at jogs along the Aguapei belt. They are marginal to pre-ore igneous rocks, with Ernesto hosted in the basal part of the metasedimentary Fortuna Formation that overlies tonalite and Pau-a-Pique at the contact between metasedimentary rocks and diorite. Three deformational phases comprise the compressional (D1 to D2) to transpressional (D3) tectonic events. In the Pau-a-Pique deposit and the deeper level of the Ernesto deposit, the ore-bearing veins are bedding parallel and follow D2 strike-slip and reverse fault zones, respectively. However, the veins formed during D3 reactivation of the older structures by an array of oblique accommodation faults. In contrast, ores at shallower levels of Ernesto, both in discordant and bedding-parallel veins, are hosted within a ~20-m-thick rigid metaconglomerate with associated dilation due to the structural complexity as sedimentary rocks of the Aguapei Group were folded around the dome-shaped roof of the pre-ore tonalite. The ores in both deposits, as well as in many other deposits of the province, are characterized by disseminated and vein-hosted pyrite. Gold occurs mainly as inclusions in the pyrite, with other hydrothermal phases comprising muscovite, Fe-Ti oxides, and minor apatite, chalcopyrite, and galena.
Fluid inclusion data, coupled with stable isotope geochemistry and geothermometry, indicate that gold precipitated from a low-salinity, CO2-rich fluid at ~300°C and ~2.5 kbar. The source for the fluid and gold was the interbedded pelites during devolatilization of the Aguapei Group sequence. The aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions and the narrow range of δ18O values of quartz (12 ± 1‰) from many auriferous veins from the central part of the province represent a regional ore-forming fluid. The broad range of δD for hydrous minerals (–116 to –55‰) reflects influx of small amounts of meteoric water into the steeply dipping shear zones during postgold exhumation. The 40Ar/39Ar geochronology from hydrothermal muscovite indicates a widespread hydrothermal event along the belt between 928 and 920 Ma. Collectively, the geological, geochronological, and geochemical data suggest that metamorphic fluids migrated laterally into and then upward along the Aguapei belt and deposited gold in lower-order structures where strain gradients existed between lithounits. The province has many characteristics of large orogenic gold provinces worldwide and represents a highly prospective and underexplored target region for early Neoproterozoic gold, a time period that generally is not well endowed in gold ores.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/econgeo.4852","usgsCitation":"de Melo, R.P., de Oliveira, M.A., Goldfarb, R.J., Johnson, C.A., Marsh, E.E., Xavier, R.P., de Oliveira, L.R., and Morgan, L.E., 2022, Early Neoproterozoic gold deposits of the Alto Guaporé province, southwestern Amazon craton, western Brazil: Economic Geology, v. 117, no. 1, p. 127-163, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4852.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-121052","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11449/222995","text":"External Repository"},{"id":396749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Alto Guaporé gold province, Amazon craton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.7314453125,\n -20.756113874762068\n ],\n [\n -45.966796875,\n -20.756113874762068\n ],\n [\n -45.966796875,\n -8.146242825034385\n ],\n [\n -64.7314453125,\n -8.146242825034385\n ],\n [\n -64.7314453125,\n -20.756113874762068\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Melo, Rodrigo Prudente","contributorId":287985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Melo","given":"Rodrigo","email":"","middleInitial":"Prudente","affiliations":[{"id":61677,"text":"Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia, Univ. Federal de Goiás, R. Mucuri S/N, Aparecida de Goiânia, GO, CEP 74968-755, Brazil.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Oliveira, Marcos Aurelio Farias","contributorId":287986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Oliveira","given":"Marcos","email":"","middleInitial":"Aurelio Farias","affiliations":[{"id":61678,"text":"Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Univ. Estadual Paulista, R. 24A 1515, Rio Claro, SP, CEP 13506-900, Brazil.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":210729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, Erin E. 0000-0001-5245-9532 emarsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-9532","contributorId":1250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Erin","email":"emarsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xavier, Roberto Perez","contributorId":287987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xavier","given":"Roberto","email":"","middleInitial":"Perez","affiliations":[{"id":61679,"text":"Departamento de Geologia e Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"de Oliveira, Leandro Rocha","contributorId":287988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Oliveira","given":"Leandro","email":"","middleInitial":"Rocha","affiliations":[{"id":61680,"text":"Yamana Desenvolvimento Mineral, R. Ministro Orozimbo Nonato 272/19º andar, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 34006-053, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morgan, Leah E. 0000-0001-9930-524X lemorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-524X","contributorId":176174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Leah","email":"lemorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70229391,"text":"70229391 - 2022 - Adaptive monitoring in support of adaptive management in rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-04T15:51:02.822444","indexId":"70229391","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-04T08:56:15","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive monitoring in support of adaptive management in rangelands","docAbstract":"Monitoring supports iterative learning about the effectiveness of management actions, information that can help managers plan future actions, facilitate decision-making, and improve outcomes.
Adaptive monitoring is the evolution of a monitoring program in response to new management questions; new or changing environmental or socioeconomic conditions, improved monitoring methods, models, and tools; and experience implementing the monitoring program.
Adaptive monitoring is connected to research and management through the exchange of data; analytical, methodological, and technological developments; information; and understanding.
We review recent advances in adaptive monitoring and discuss new opportunities for both the research and management communities to improve monitoring in the years ahead.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rala.2021.07.003","usgsCitation":"McCord, S.E., and Pilliod, D., 2022, Adaptive monitoring in support of adaptive management in rangelands: Rangelands, v. 44, no. 1, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2021.07.003.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-127736","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2021.07.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCord, Sarah E.","contributorId":195931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":229349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231766,"text":"70231766 - 2022 - Evidence of a dietary shift by the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in the Indian River Lagoon inferred from stomach content analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T13:45:52.178121","indexId":"70231766","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-04T08:40:56","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evidence of a dietary shift by the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in the Indian River Lagoon inferred from stomach content analyses","title":"Evidence of a dietary shift by the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in the Indian River Lagoon inferred from stomach content analyses","docAbstract":"Investigating the long-term fluctuations of the feeding ecology of megaherbivores such as sirenians is important, as any changes could be indicative of shifts in resource availability. The Indian River Lagoon (IRL), eastern Florida, USA, is a critical habitat for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). However, the IRL has experienced a substantial decline in seagrass due to the persistence of several harmful algal blooms. Using microhistological analysis, we examined the diet of manatees over a discontinuous sampling period spanning over 38 years using stomach contents collected from carcasses recovered in the IRL. Samples collected between 2013–2015 (post-seagrass die-off, n = 90) were compared to archived stomach samples collected between 1977–1989 (pre-seagrass die-off, n = 103). Samples analyzed from 1977–1989 contained primarily seagrasses (61.7%), followed by algae (28.4%) and vascular plants (1.7%). In contrast, stomach samples from the post-seagrass die-off primarily contained algae (49.5%), followed by seagrasses (34%) and vascular plants (2.7%). Between 1977–1989 and 2013–2015, manatees in the IRL experienced a 44.9% decline in seagrass consumption, and a 74.3% increase in algal consumption. This dietary shift was not influenced by body length, a proxy of age, or sex. Our results indicate that the dietary shift experienced by manatees is due to the decline of available seagrass forage in the IRL, and highlight the dietary plasticity of manatees in the face of changes in resource availability. However, the individual health and population-level consequences of this dietary shift are unknown. An increase in mortality due to undetermined causes in this region since 2012 can be associated with deteriorating body conditions of manatees in the IRL, possibly resulting from a lack of seagrass diet. Future research should further investigate behavioral changes affecting manatees in relation to seagrass decline in the IRL, including the energetic costs of this dietary change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107788","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.C., Beck, C., Sattelberger, D.C., and Kiszka, J.J., 2022, Evidence of a dietary shift by the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in the Indian River Lagoon inferred from stomach content analyses: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 268, 107788, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107788.","productDescription":"107788, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-134570","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Indian River Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.26611328125,\n 27.176469131898898\n ],\n [\n -80.0738525390625,\n 27.244862521497282\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 28.65203063036226\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -80.9088134765625,\n 28.7965462417692\n ],\n [\n -80.7989501953125,\n 28.36723539252299\n ],\n [\n -80.4913330078125,\n 27.727298422724655\n ],\n [\n -80.37597656249999,\n 27.391278222579277\n ],\n [\n -80.26611328125,\n 27.176469131898898\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"268","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Aarin Conrad","contributorId":139671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Aarin","email":"","middleInitial":"Conrad","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, Cathy 0000-0002-5388-5418 cbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":168987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Cathy","email":"cbeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sattelberger, Danielle C.","contributorId":292060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sattelberger","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":62815,"text":"Environmental Resource Program, Florida Department of Environmental Protection","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiszka, Jeremy J.","contributorId":292061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiszka","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":62816,"text":"Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70255537,"text":"70255537 - 2022 - Stage-specific environmental correlates of reproductive success in Boreal Toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-21T11:53:57.84801","indexId":"70255537","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-04T06:51:25","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stage-specific environmental correlates of reproductive success in Boreal Toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas)","docAbstract":"Compensatory recruitment can facilitate the persistence of populations experiencing high adult mortality. Because early life-stages of many taxa, including amphibians, are difficult to mark and recapture, sources of variation in survival at these stages often are unknown, which creates barriers to improving in situ recruitment rates. We leveraged count data and open N-mixture models to examine the environmental factors associated with the hatching of egg clutches, tadpole survival, and probability of metamorphosis in Boreal Toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) that inhabit pastures leased for cattle grazing in western Wyoming, USA. We conducted weekly surveys and measured a suite of environmental variables at 20 breeding ponds during May–September 2018. The hatching of egg clutches was most strongly related to pond surface area, as clutches often desiccated at smaller ponds. Weekly tadpole survival was lowest in ponds with high abundance of aquatic predators. Predation did not preclude metamorphosis, which was more strongly associated with higher dissolved oxygen and vegetation cover. Cattle grazing reduced vegetation cover in and around breeding ponds, which resulted in lower levels of dissolved oxygen. Grazing-induced habitat changes are therefore likely to negatively influence tadpole metamorphosis both via indirect effects on dissolved oxygen, and direct effects on vegetation cover, which also serves as feeding sites and escape cover from predators. We demonstrate the success of three critical phases in early life-stage development (egg hatching, tadpole survival, metamorphosis) was associated with different environmental factors. The inclusion of stage-specific responses in demographic analyses is therefore critical for a thorough understanding of what limits populations.