Pavant Valley, in eastern Millard County in west-central Utah, is in the Great Basin section of the Basin and Range province. The area of investigation is 34 miles long from north to south and 9 miles wide from east to west and comprises about 300 square miles. Agriculture, tourist trade, and mining are the principal industries. The population of the valley is about 3,500, of which about half live in Fillmore, the county seat of Millard County.
The climate is semiarid and temperatures are moderate. Average normal annual precipitation in the lowlands is estimated to range from 10 to 14 inches. Precipitation is heaviest during the late winter and spring, January through May. The average monthly temperature at Fillmore ranges from 29°F in January to 76°F in July; the average annual temperature is 52°F.
Because of the aridity, most crops cannot be grown successfully without irrigation. Irrigation requirements were satisfied for about 60 years after the valley was settled by diverting streams tributary to the valley. Artesian water was discovered near Flowell in 1915. By 1920 flowing artesian wells supplied about 10 percent of the irrigation water used in the valley, not including water from the Central Utah Canal. The Central Utah Canal was constructed in 1916 to convey water to the Pavant Valley from the Sevier River. Especially since 1916, the quantity of surface water available each year for irrigation has changed with the vagaries of nature. The total percentage of irrigation water contributed by ground water, on the other hand, gradually increased to about 15 percent in 1945 and then increased rapidly to 45 percent in 1960; it will probably stabilize at about 50 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1794","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Mower, R.W., 1965, Ground-water resources of Pavant Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1794, Report: v, 78 p.; 10 Plates: 36.50 x 39.00 or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1794.","productDescription":"Report: v, 78 p.; 10 Plates: 36.50 x 39.00 or smaller","numberOfPages":"93","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28251,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/plate-06.pdf","text":"Plate 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing decline of ground-water level from March 1959 to March 1960 in Pavant Valley, Utah"},{"id":28246,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/plate-01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Pavant Valley, Utah, showing location of selected wells and hydrogeochemical data"},{"id":28252,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/plate-07.pdf","text":"Plate 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Hydrographs of selected observation wells in Pavant Valley, Utah, 1929-62"},{"id":28253,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/plate-08.pdf","text":"Plate 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing decline of ground-water level from March 1950 to March 1960 in Pavant Valley, Utah"},{"id":28254,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/plate-09.pdf","text":"Plate 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing areas of artesian flow and phreatophyte occupation during 1960 in Pavant Valley, Utah"},{"id":28255,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/plate-10.pdf","text":"Plate 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing land irrigated during 1960 in Pavant Valley, Utah"},{"id":28256,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28247,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/plate-02.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Generalized geologic map of Pavant Valley, Utah"},{"id":28248,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/plate-03.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Strip logs from drillers' logs of wells in Pavant Valley, Utah"},{"id":28249,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/plate-04.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map of Pavant Valley, Utah, showing ground-water contours, March 1960"},{"id":28250,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1794/plate-05.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing decline of ground-water level from March to September 1960 in Pavant Valley, Utah"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Millard County","otherGeospatial":"Pavant Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db659403","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mower, R. 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S. Geological Survey has yielded a number of interesting and valuable by-products. As a part of the stratigraphic studies involving Carboniferous coal fields, R. M. Kosanke has been involved in a detailed analysis of spore floras from various coal horizons. This study is aimed toward a correlation within the eastern coal field and, eventually, toward more accurate correlations with the western Kentucky coal fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6589","usgsCitation":"Kosanke, R.M., 1965, Plant microfossils of the Hazard No. 7 coal, Perry County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 65-89, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6589.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":491639,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1965/0089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1965/0089/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Perry 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68503a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kosanke, Robert M.","contributorId":29811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosanke","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64106,"text":"gp467 - 1965 - Aeromagnetic map of parts of Marquette, Dickinson, Baraga, Alger, and Schoolcraft Counties, Michigan, and its geologic interpretation","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":41753,"text":"ofr647 - 1964 - Aeromagnetic map of parts of Marquette, Dickinson, Baraga, Alger, and Schoolcraft Counties, Michigan","indexId":"ofr647","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of parts of Marquette, Dickinson, Baraga, Alger, and Schoolcraft Counties, Michigan"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64106,"text":"gp467 - 1965 - Aeromagnetic map of parts of Marquette, Dickinson, Baraga, Alger, and Schoolcraft Counties, Michigan, and its geologic interpretation","indexId":"gp467","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of parts of Marquette, Dickinson, Baraga, Alger, and Schoolcraft Counties, Michigan, and its geologic interpretation"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T15:44:41","indexId":"gp467","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"467","title":"Aeromagnetic map of parts of Marquette, Dickinson, Baraga, Alger, and Schoolcraft Counties, Michigan, and its geologic interpretation","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Geological Survey Division of the Michigan Department of Conservation, is conducting a comprehensive restudy of the iron-bearing districts of Michigan. The use of aeromagnetic data is one of the fastest and most reliable methods for outlining the areal distribution of magnetic iron-formation and thus is of material value in assessing the iron resources of the United States. As part of this program of restudy, aeromagnetic surveys of approximately 4,500 square miles of the Northern Peninsula have been made. The results of several of these surveys have been presented by Balsley and others (1949) and by Wier and others (.1953). This report is about a survey made in 1950, over an area of about 1,400 square miles in Marquette County and ad-· joining strips in northern Dickinson and northeastern Baraga Counties, and a later survey flown in 1961, over about 500 square miles in parts of Marquette, Alger, and Schoolcraft Counties. The Marquette iron range extends in an east-west direction across approximately the west-central part of the area, and iron districts of lesser importance are located at Republic, in the southwestern part of the area, and near Gwinn, in the south -central part of the area.
Aeromagnetic surveys were flown along north-south lines spaced at intervals of one-quarter mile in the western part of the area and at intervals of from about 1 to 3 miles in the eastern part. Lines were flown at approximately 500 feet above the surface or at elevations of 1,100 to 2,400 feet above sea level. The flight path of the aircraft was recorded by a gyrostabilized continuous-strip camera, and elevation was continuously recorded by a radio altimeter. Magnetic measurements were made by an AN/ASQ-3A fluxgate magnetometer. Compilation of aeromagnetic data was by standard methods, described by Balsley ( 1952 ), under the supervision of John Kirby and Frank Petrafeso. The aeromagnetic contours are relative to an arbitrary datum.
Magnetic properties of rocks were measured by W. E. Huff.
At the time the earlier aeromagnetic survey was flown, the only base maps available were planimetric maps such as the Helena NW quadrangle and county road maps. Small errors, therefore, may exist in the location of flight lines and specific aeromagnetic a nomalies.
The major magnetic anomalies and broad areas that have characteristic magnetic patterns are correlated herein with geology as determined from published reports and from mapping done since 1957 by the U. S. Geological Survey in the eastern part of the Marquette iron range. The geology north of the Marquette iron range and west of the line between R. 25 W. and R. 26 W. is based mainly on a compilation made by Robert Reed of the Geological Survey Division of the Michigan Department of Conservation from data in the files of the State Survey. In addition some aeromagnetic features have been checked by ground magnetometer in selected localities and correlated directly with the rock types. A few oriented samples have been collected for measurement of the magnetic properties of the major rock units, but many hundreds or thousands of samples would be required to obtain a full range of values of the magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization of the rocks over such a large area.
Although the geology of much of the area is still imperfectly known, the available aeromagnetic data together with the best obtainable geologic data are presented at this time, rather than awaiting the eventual extension or completion of the present mapping program, because the combined data provide much information on the extent and location of magnetic iron-formation and other major rock units where concealed beneath glacial, vegetative, and alluvial cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/gp467","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Conservation Geological Survey Division","usgsCitation":"Case, J.E., and Gair, J., 1965, Aeromagnetic map of parts of Marquette, Dickinson, Baraga, Alger, and Schoolcraft Counties, Michigan, and its geologic interpretation: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 467, Document: 10 p.; 3 Plates: 48.50 x 43.26 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp467.","productDescription":"Document: 10 p.; 3 Plates: 48.50 x 43.26 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":250551,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0467/plate-1.pdf","size":"22930","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250550,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0467/report.pdf","size":"1068","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250552,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0467/plate-2.pdf","size":"10448","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250553,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0467/plate-3.pdf","size":"14970","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0467/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.166667,\n 46.916667\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 46.916667\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 46.625\n ],\n [\n -87.375,\n 46.625\n ],\n [\n -87.375,\n 46.666667\n ],\n [\n -86.416667,\n 46.666667\n ],\n [\n -86.416667,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -87.375,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -87.375,\n 46.125\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 46.125\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 46.083333\n ],\n [\n -88.166667,\n 46.083333\n ],\n [\n -88.166667,\n 46.916667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6976fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Case, J. 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The greater part of the dis~rict i~ included within five map areas, from east to west the Pottsville, Mullan, Wallace, Kellogg, and Smelterville, which were geologically mapped during this study. These quadrangles encompass an area about 26 miles long in an east-west direction and about 9 miles wide. The district lies wholly within the Coeur d'Alene Mountains, the part of the Bitterroot Range that is drained by the Coeur d'Alene River. The Bitterroot Range is a rugged, deeply dissected mountain mass which extends on both sides of the Idaho-Montana boundary for more than 200 miles and is a part of the Northern Rocky Mountains; within the district the range has a relief of 3,000-4,000 feet. The westward-flowing South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River bisects the district, and roads along this river and its major tributaries generally provide easy access to the communities and many mines.
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S. Warren","contributorId":36420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbs","given":"S. Warren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griggs, Allan B.","contributorId":21929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Allan B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Robert E.","contributorId":15570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, Arthur B.","contributorId":29035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Arthur B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197612,"text":"70197612 - 1965 - Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian biostratigraphy of east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T14:25:21.059833","indexId":"70197612","displayToPublicDate":"1965-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian biostratigraphy of east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"A predominantly shale and chert sequence has been mapped from the Canadian border at Latitude 65°00′ N. to the Nation River about 25 miles northwest. It has Ordovician and Silurian graptolites in the lower half, and Middle Devonian corals and Upper Devonian spores in the upper half.
The lower half of the sequence consists of about 400 to 900 feet of predominantly dark gray graptolitic shale with lesser amounts of grayish black laminated chert. This unit has been traced by Green and Roddick from the international border southeastward into the Dawson area of the Yukon Territory and northeastward into the Ogilvie and Richardson Mountains where it has been mapped by Jackson & Lenz, Norris, and others as the Road River Formation. In the Tatonduk-Nation Rivers area the Road River Formation rests disconformably on a sequence of Middle and Upper Cambrian limestone that locally may include Lower Ordovician (Tremadoc) beds at its top. The sequence of graptolite faunas from the Road River Formation in Alaska is essentially the same as the graptolite zones established by Elles and Wood in Great Britain. All the standard series of the Ordovician and Silurian are probably represented in the formation with the exception of the Tremadoc and possibly the Arenig and Wenlock.
Overlying the Road River Formation is a formation, 200 to 800 feet thick, consisting predominantly of thinly bedded and laminated light gray to black chert and siliceous shale that is here named the McCann Hill Chert. This new formation disconformably overlies the Road River Formation, and its lower boundary is at the base of a distinctive limestone and shale member. The basal limestone and shale member of the McCann Hill Chert contains a remarkably varied fauna including corals, brachiopods, trilobites, conodonts, ostracods, and fish of Eifelian (early Middle Devonian) age. Spores from the upper part of the formation resemble those from the overlying Nation River Formation and indicate a Late Devonian age. The McCann Hill Chert is conformably overlain by the Nation River Formation—a thick succession of inter-bedded graywacke, chert conglomerate, and silty shale of Late Devonian age.
In the vicinity of Jones Ridge, only 7 miles north of exposures of the Road River Formation, Upper Cambrian limestone is overlain by a pure limestone section containing Ordovician, Middle Devonian, and perhaps Silurian shelly faunas contemporaneous with the Road River Formation and the thinner basal limestone and shale member of the McCann Hill Chert. The rapid change from graptolitic shale to limestone probably reflects changes in conditions of sedimentation, but could be a result of thrust faulting.
The Tatonduk-Nation Rivers area seems to lie in a transitional zone between an early Paleozoic eugeosynclinal belt south of the Yukon River and a contemporaneous miogeosynclinal belt along the Porcupine River. One puzzling feature of the lower Paleozoic sequence in the Tatonduk-Nation Rivers area is its thinness in contrast to the much thicker volcanic and detrital sequence on the south and the considerably thicker carbonate sequence on the north.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/A6633526-16C0-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Churkin, M., and Brabb, E.E., 1965, Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian biostratigraphy of east-central Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 49, no. 2, p. 172-185, https://doi.org/10.1306/A6633526-16C0-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"185","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nation-Tatonduk Rivers area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.38695878694335,\n 65.46836165464507\n ],\n [\n -142.38695878694335,\n 64.62502455781637\n ],\n [\n -141.00230856836862,\n 64.62502455781637\n ],\n [\n -141.00230856836862,\n 65.46836165464507\n ],\n [\n -142.38695878694335,\n 65.46836165464507\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Churkin, Michael Jr.","contributorId":62566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churkin","given":"Michael","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":8545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205839,"text":"70205839 - 1965 - Structure, metamorphism, and plutonism in the south-central Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T07:29:05","indexId":"70205839","displayToPublicDate":"1965-10-07T14:17:13","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure, metamorphism, and plutonism in the south-central Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"In the south-central Klamath Mountains 50 miles of the the north-trending central metamorphic belt and adjacent parts of the eastern Paleozoic and western Paleozoic and Triassic belts have been mapped and studied in detail. Within the central metamorphic belt a sequence of three lithologically distinctive metamorphic units has been recognized (from bottom to top): (1) siliceous metasedimentary rocks and greenstones of the Stuart Fork Formation; (2) the Salmon Hornblende Schist; and (3) siliceous, calcareous, and amphibolitic rocks, predominantly metasedimentary, of the Grouse Ridge Formation. The age of these metamorphic rocks is uncertain; they are known only to predate intrusion of Late Jurassic (Nevadan) granitic rocks. Ultramafic rocks, mainly alpine-type peridotites, were emplaced before the granitic rocks and occur primarily in a single large sheetlike body which separates the central metamorphic belt from the eastern Paleozoic belt. Granitic plutons, including quartz diorites, trondhjemites, granodiorites, diorites, and gabbros, in decreasing order of abundance, range in size from less than 1 to about 80 square miles in area.
Two orogenic phases in the central metamorphic belt have been distinguished by structural and textural features. A late deformation uniformly affected the metamorphic terrane and the ultramafic rocks but predated granitic rocks. It was accompanied by some metamorphism in the lower to middle greenchist facies and produced upright folds that trend south and plunge gently. An earlier phase affected the various rock units differentially; it produced widespread recumbent folding and upper greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metamorphism in Salmon and Grouse Ridge rocks, but involved the underlying Stuart Fork Formation less severely, producing at least local recumbent folding and lower greenschist-facies metamorphism. The preferred interpretation of this upward increase in structural complexity and metamorphic grade is that the Salmon-Grouse Ridge sequence is a thrust sheet which overrode the Stuart Fork rocks concurrently with emplacement of the ultramafic rocks during the culmination of early recumbent folding and metamorphism. Thrusting was then followed by upright folding during the waning stages of regional metamorphism. The first deformational phase, and possibly the second, occurred during late Paleozoic time as indicated by recent isotopic ages of Salmon Hornblende Schist.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[933:SMAPIT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Davis, G.A., Holdaway, M.J., Lipman, P.W., and Romey, W.D., 1965, Structure, metamorphism, and plutonism in the south-central Klamath Mountains, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 76, no. 8, p. 933-966, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[933:SMAPIT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"966","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South-central Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.2281494140625,\n 40.88444793903562\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 40.88444793903562\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 41.6195489884308\n ],\n [\n -123.2281494140625,\n 41.6195489884308\n ],\n [\n -123.2281494140625,\n 40.88444793903562\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Gregory A.","contributorId":219570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holdaway, M. J.","contributorId":98047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holdaway","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romey, W. D.","contributorId":219571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romey","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222381,"text":"70222381 - 1965 - Isotopic ages of minerals from granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada and Inyo Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T13:18:56.627367","indexId":"70222381","displayToPublicDate":"1965-07-26T08:13:38","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic ages of minerals from granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada and Inyo Mountains, California","docAbstract":"Potassium-argon ages of biotite and hornblende from specimens of 17 granitic plutons in the central Sierra Nevada and the western Inyo Mountains, California, range from 69 to 183 m. y. The Mount Givens, Lamarck. and Round Valley Peak Granodiorites and related younger and more felsic quartz monzonites represent a pulse of magma emplaced in the general time interval of 80-90 million years ago, during Cretaceous time. Mineral ages of granitic rocks that flank these plutons on both the east and the west have been reduced during the emplacement of the Cretaceous intrusive rocks and are minimum ages for the time of crystallization. The ages of hornblende from the Tinemaha Granodiorite (150 to 180 m. y.) may approach crystallization dates. In conjunction with ages for other intrusive rocks in the Sierra Nevada and adjacent desert ranges they strongly suggest a magmatic episode during the Early Jurassic.
The Bays Mountain synclinorium is in the Valley and Ridge province in northeast Tennessee, southwest of Kingsport and west of Greeneville. The more clastic part of the Bays formation lies in the east section of the synclinorium. The thickness of the Bays decreases from about 870 feet on the east to about 600 feet on the west. Presumably, the red beds and primary features of the Bays formation formed under deltaic conditions. A Camarocladia Zone near its base indicates a time-transgression of the Bays. The Bays is older at the base to the east than at its base to the west. The heavy minerals of the Bays were compared with those of the Cambrian and Precambrian(?) sediments, volcanic rocks, and accessory minerals of the crystalline complex which now comprise the Blue Ridge. The minerals identified include nearly all those in the Cambrian and Precambrian(?) sediments as well as additional minerals not found in these older sediments but that are in the crystalline complex. Such minerals indicate that at least a part of the crystalline complex was above sea level during the Middle Ordovician.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[591:SAHMOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cummings, D., 1965, Stratigraphy and heavy minerals of the bays formation, Bays Mountain synclinorium, northeast Tennessee: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 76, no. 5, p. 591-600, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[591:SAHMOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"600","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"northeast Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.385986328125,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -82.63916015625,\n 36.05798104702501\n ],\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n 36.28856319836237\n ],\n [\n -81.6064453125,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -82.85888671875,\n 36.62434536776987\n ],\n [\n -84.17724609375,\n 36.61552763134925\n ],\n [\n -85.166015625,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -84.385986328125,\n 35.02999636902566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cummings, D.","contributorId":69705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175593,"text":"70175593 - 1965 - Selected ground water data in the Eola-Amity Hills area, northern Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T12:04:25","indexId":"70175593","displayToPublicDate":"1965-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":115,"text":"Ground Water Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Selected ground water data in the Eola-Amity Hills area, northern Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"Occurrence, quality, and availability of ground water differ considerably from place to place in the Eola-Amity Hills area because of the highly diversified geologic and hydrologic conditions. A table relates the geologic situation to the availability of ground water for four areas--Eola-Amity Hills, east and west valley plains, and Willamette River flood plain. Tables show well and spring records, drillers' logs, and chemical analyses of ground water. The final interpretive report will be published by the U.S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Price, D., and Johnson, N.A., 1965, Selected ground water data in the Eola-Amity Hills area, northern Willamette Valley, Oregon: Ground Water Report.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b58e4b03bcb0104bc68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nyra A.","contributorId":173771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nyra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010681,"text":"70010681 - 1965 - Geochemistry of Birch Creek, Inyo County, California a travertine depositing creek in an arid climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T00:16:31.13398","indexId":"70010681","displayToPublicDate":"1965-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of Birch Creek, Inyo County, California a travertine depositing creek in an arid climate","docAbstract":"A small stream in eastern California was studied in detail to determine the causes of travertine deposition from the stream. Although the ground water feeding the stream is slightly supersaturated to just saturated with calcite, the ground water is supersaturated with CO2 with respect to the overlying air. The water becomes increasingly supersaturated with calcite in a downstream direction as CO2 loss to the air and by photosynthesis exceeds the rate of precipitation of calcite. Water loss by evaporation was below detection and does not play an important role in calcite deposition in this case. The water loss is by seepage through the stream bed. Observations showed variations in HCO−3, pH, discharge, Ca+2, relative humidity, water and air temperatures, and dissolved CO2. Comparisons of observed and equilibrium states are given for five sampling stations along the stream.
The Jordan Valley occupies about 400 square miles in the central part of Salt Lake County in north-central Utah. Salt Lake City, the capital of Utah, is in the northeastern part of the valley. The valley is at the eastern margin of the Basin and range physiographic province, and it is bounded on the northeast, east, south, and west by mountain ranges. The valley is drained by the Jordan River which enters through a water gap in the mountains to the south, flows north, and empties into the Great Salt Lake, which forms the northwestern border of the valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Marine, I.W., and Price, D., 1964, Geology and ground-water resources of the Jordan Valley, Utah: Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Water-Resources Bulletin 7, 67 p.","productDescription":"67 p.","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333199,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70179625","text":"Utah State Engineer Water Circular 1"},{"id":333198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ugspub.nr.utah.gov/publications/water_resources_bulletins/WRB-7.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Jordan Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.22122192382812,\n 40.72540497175607\n ],\n [\n -112.10861206054688,\n 40.693134153308065\n ],\n [\n -112.13470458984375,\n 40.59935608796518\n ],\n [\n -112.08663940429688,\n 40.54093880017256\n ],\n [\n -112.09899902343749,\n 40.51901917108279\n ],\n [\n -112.07565307617186,\n 40.48873742102282\n ],\n [\n -112.03994750976562,\n 40.48455955508278\n ],\n [\n -111.98638916015625,\n 40.478292268560175\n ],\n [\n -111.95205688476562,\n 40.45321727150385\n ],\n [\n -111.93283081054688,\n 40.43126897044754\n ],\n [\n -111.87515258789062,\n 40.450082238680295\n ],\n [\n -111.88339233398438,\n 40.46889024168825\n ],\n [\n -111.8463134765625,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -111.81198120117188,\n 40.526326510744006\n ],\n [\n -111.78726196289061,\n 40.565981025008355\n ],\n [\n -111.785888671875,\n 40.608739823836984\n ],\n [\n -111.78176879882812,\n 40.61812224225511\n ],\n [\n -111.8023681640625,\n 40.65459689980922\n ],\n [\n -111.77078247070312,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -111.79000854492188,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -111.80923461914062,\n 40.73581157695217\n ],\n [\n -111.80923461914062,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -111.8353271484375,\n 40.773261878622634\n ],\n [\n -111.86279296875,\n 40.78885994449482\n ],\n [\n -111.87377929687499,\n 40.79717741518766\n ],\n [\n -111.8902587890625,\n 40.78885994449482\n ],\n [\n -111.90399169921874,\n 40.81380923056958\n ],\n [\n -111.88201904296875,\n 40.83563216247778\n ],\n [\n -111.86004638671875,\n 40.853293085675155\n ],\n [\n -112.13058471679686,\n 40.83251504043271\n ],\n [\n -112.12921142578125,\n 40.79925662005228\n ],\n [\n -112.16903686523436,\n 40.75245875985305\n ],\n [\n -112.18551635742186,\n 40.73893324113601\n ],\n [\n -112.22122192382812,\n 40.72540497175607\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5879f5ade4b0847d353f44d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marine, I. Wendell","contributorId":49339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marine","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wendell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040815,"text":"70040815 - 1964 - Crustal structure in the eastern Colorado Plateaus Provence from seismic-refraction measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-19T14:53:47","indexId":"70040815","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":355,"text":"Crustal Studies Technical Letter","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"19","title":"Crustal structure in the eastern Colorado Plateaus Provence from seismic-refraction measurements","docAbstract":"A reversed seismic-refraction profile was recorded in the Colorado Plateaus Province from Hanksville, Utah, to Chinle, Arizona, The velocity of Pg is 6.2 km/sec, and the true velocity of Pn is 7.8 km/sec, Waves identified as reflections indicate that an intermediate layer in the crust has a velocity of approximately 6.8 km/sec. Thickness of the crust is 43 km at Chinle and 40 km at Hanksville. The Pn velocity in the Colorado Plateaus Province is the same as that in the Basin and Range Province, but is significantly lower than Pn in the High Plains of Colorado.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70040815","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","usgsCitation":"Roller, J.C., 1964, Crustal structure in the eastern Colorado Plateaus Provence from seismic-refraction measurements: Crustal Studies Technical Letter 19, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70040815.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263273,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/tl/0019/tl0019.pdf"},{"id":263272,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/tl/0019/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Colorado;Utah","city":"Chinle;Hanksville","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,35.5 ], [ -111.0,39.0 ], [ -109.0,39.0 ], [ -109.0,35.5 ], [ -111.0,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfbdbe4b0afbc75eb9833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roller, John C.","contributorId":60642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roller","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040819,"text":"70040819 - 1964 - Continental crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-15T11:50:00","indexId":"70040819","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":355,"text":"Crustal Studies Technical Letter","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"20","title":"Continental crust","docAbstract":"The structure of the Earth’s crust (the outer shell of the earth above the M-discontinuity) has been intensively studied in many places by use of geophysical methods. The velocity of seismic compressional waves in the crust and in the upper mantle varies from place to place in the conterminous United States. The average crust is thick in the eastern two-thirds of the United States, in which the crustal and upper-mantle velocities tend to be high. The average crust is thinner in the western one-third of the United States, in which these velocities tend to be low. The concept of eastern and western superprovinces can be used to classify these differences. Crustal and upper-mantle densities probably vary directly with compressional-wave velocity, leading to the conclusion that isostasy is accomplished by the variation in densities of crustal and upper-mantle rocks as well as in crustal thickness, and that there is no single, generally valid isostatic model. The nature of the M-discontinuity is still speculative.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70040819","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","usgsCitation":"Pakiser, L.C., 1964, Continental crust: Crustal Studies Technical Letter 20, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70040819.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263275,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/tl/0020/"},{"id":263276,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/tl/0020/tl0020.pdf"},{"id":263277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.616667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,13.233333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfbd3e4b0afbc75eb982c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pakiser, L. C.","contributorId":83512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pakiser","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222351,"text":"5222351 - 1964 - A merganser die-off associated with larval eustrongylides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T12:16:09.056162","indexId":"5222351","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:33","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A merganser die-off associated with larval eustrongylides","docAbstract":"A die-off of red-breasted mergansers on Lake Holly, Virginia Beach, Virginia, was found to be due to a larval Eustrongylides. Massive tissue destruction and hemorrhage was produced by the migration of the larval Eustrongylides. Earlier stages of the same Eustrongylides were found in eastern mosquitofish and silversides upon which the mergansers had been feeding. In addition, residues of DDT were found in mosquitofish, gizzard shad, and five mergansers collected from Lake Holly, and in the tissues of two mergansers from Back Bay, Virginia. However, the information available was insufficient to establish the significance of these residue levels.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1587973","usgsCitation":"Locke, L.N., DeWitt, J., Menzie, C.M., and Kerwin, J., 1964, A merganser die-off associated with larval eustrongylides: Avian Diseases, v. 8, no. 3, p. 420-427, https://doi.org/10.2307/1587973.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"420","endPage":"427","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Virginia Beach","otherGeospatial":"Lake Holly","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.97983598709106,\n 36.83364170891706\n ],\n [\n -75.97174644470215,\n 36.83364170891706\n ],\n [\n -75.97174644470215,\n 36.84269201960632\n ],\n [\n -75.97983598709106,\n 36.84269201960632\n ],\n [\n -75.97983598709106,\n 36.83364170891706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae171","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, L. N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWitt, J.B.","contributorId":89080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menzie, C. M.","contributorId":67608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kerwin, J.A.","contributorId":105394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerwin","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":6304,"text":"pp449 - 1964 - Geology of the central and northern parts of the Western Cascade Range in Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15363,"text":"ofr60110 - 1960 - Geologic reconnaissance of the Western Cascades in Oregon north of latitude 43 degrees","indexId":"ofr60110","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic reconnaissance of the Western Cascades in Oregon north of latitude 43 degrees"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6304,"text":"pp449 - 1964 - Geology of the central and northern parts of the Western Cascade Range in Oregon","indexId":"pp449","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the central and northern parts of the Western Cascade Range in Oregon"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:35:34","indexId":"pp449","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"449","title":"Geology of the central and northern parts of the Western Cascade Range in Oregon","docAbstract":"This report pt·esents a description of the stratigraphy, structure, and petrology of the volcanic rocks of the central and northern parts of the Western Cascade Range of Oregon. The study is a part of a long-range cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Oregon State Department of Geology and Mineral Industries to prepare a geologic map of Oregon. The map area, about 7,500 square miles, lies in the densely forested western slope of the Cascade Range. It is bounded approximately by lat 43° N. and lat 45°30' N. on the south and north, the crest of the range on the east, and long 123° W. and the edge of the Willamette Valley on the west. The geology, which was mapped by reconnaissance methods, is chiefly based on examination of rock exposures along roads. The Cascade Range in Oregon comprises two physiographic divisions: the Western Cascade Range, which includes a wide, deeply dissected belt of volcanic formations making up the western slope of the range, and the High Cascade Range, which includes chiefly younger cones and lava flows forming the nearly undissected crest of the range. The volcanic rocks of the Western Cascade Range are deformed and partially altered flows and pyroclastic rocks that range in age from late Eocene t·o lute Miocene, as determined chiefly from fossil plants from more than 50 localities. These volcanic rocks overlie or interfinger westward with marine sedimentary rocks, and in the southwestern part of the map area they overlie pre-Tertiary plutonic and metamorphic rocks of the Klamath Mountains.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp449","usgsCitation":"Peck, D.L., Griggs, A., Schlicker, H.G., Wells, F., and Dole, H.M., 1964, Geology of the central and northern parts of the Western Cascade Range in Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 449, Report: iv, 56 p.; 1 Plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp449.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 56 p.; 1 Plate","numberOfPages":"62","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":112791,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0449/report.pdf","size":"11963","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0449/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":263467,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0449/plate-1.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,43.0 ], [ -123.0,45.5 ], [ -121.0,45.5 ], [ -121.0,43.0 ], [ -123.0,43.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, Dallas L.","contributorId":60187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Dallas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griggs, Allan B.","contributorId":21929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Allan B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlicker, Herbert G.","contributorId":7151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlicker","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, Francis G.","contributorId":40582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Francis G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dole, Hollis M.","contributorId":68185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dole","given":"Hollis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5978,"text":"pp431 - 1964 - Geology and mineral deposits of the Osgood Mountains quadrangle, Humboldt County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-26T12:51:45","indexId":"pp431","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"431","title":"Geology and mineral deposits of the Osgood Mountains quadrangle, Humboldt County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Osgood Mountains quadrangle is in north-central Nevada northeast of Winnemucca, the principal town in the region. The quadrangle includes two north-northeast-trending mountain ranges, the Osgood Mountains on the east and the Hot Springs Range on the west, which are separated by a narrow valley and\nare bounded on the east and west by broad alluviated basins. Large deposits of tungsten and gold have been mined in the northeastern part of the Osgood Mountains; small deposits of quicksilver, lead, zinc, and gold are known in the Hot Springs Range, and some prospecting has been done on barite deposits\nin the Osgood Mountains. Some quartzite beds are potential sources of silica.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp431","usgsCitation":"Hotz, P.E., and Willden, C.R., 1964, Geology and mineral deposits of the Osgood Mountains quadrangle, Humboldt County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 431, vi, 128 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp431.","productDescription":"vi, 128 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104457,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4425.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4425"},{"id":139770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0431/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":268952,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0431/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Humboldt County","otherGeospatial":"Osgood Mountains Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -12,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -12,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -11.066666666666666,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -11.066666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -12,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hotz, Preston Enslow","contributorId":15191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotz","given":"Preston","email":"","middleInitial":"Enslow","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willden, Charles Ronald","contributorId":84388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willden","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3662,"text":"cir494 - 1964 - Ground water east of Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-02T21:31:15.484531","indexId":"cir494","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"494","title":"Ground water east of Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The project area, which lies east of and adjacent to Jackson Lake is on the downthrown eastern block of the Teton fault, a normal fault that trends northward along the west edge of Jackson Lake. Rocks of pre-Cretaceous age are deeply buried beneath this area. Sedimentary rocks of Cretaceous age and sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Tertiary age, which have an aggregate thickness of about 30,000 feet, are exposed in the northern and eastern parts of the area. Along most of the east side of Jackson Lake, unconsolidated glacial and interglacial deposits of Quaternary age overlie the rocks of Cretaceous and Tertiary age. The unconsolidated deposits were penetrated by test drilling to a depth of 206 feet, but the maximum thickness is probably much greater. Test wells were drilled in five localities to evaluate the deposits of Quaternary age as possible sources of ground water for National Park Service facilities. In the Pilgrim Creek valley, test wells were capable of yielding 200 gpm (gallons per minute); properly constructed production wells could obtain much greater yields. Test wells at Lizard Point and Jackson Lake Campgrounds yielded more than 100 gpm, and a test well near the confluence of the Buffalo Fork and Snake rivers yielded 30 gpm. A test hole drilled in the NW1/4 sec. 36, T. 46 N., R. 115 W., was dry at 200 feet. Unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age are the most promising source of additional ground water. Because of the extreme range in grain size and sorting, these deposits vary greatly in permeability. Their saturated thickness ranges from 0 to more than 130 feet and changes seasonally; variations of as much as 36 feet were measured (1961-62) in the Pilgrim Creek valley. In most localities where deposits of Quaternary age are ,present, small to moderate ground-water supplies can be developed; larger ground-water supplies can be developed in parts of the Pilgrim Creek valley. One well taps the Bivouac Formation of Late Pliocene or Pleistocene age, but no other wells are known to tap rocks of possible pre-Quaternary age. The Harebell Formation and Bacon Ridge Sandstone of Late Cretaceous age and the Bivouac Formation offer the best possibilities for development of additional water supplies from the consolidated rocks. Chemical analyses of water samples from 11 wells in the deposits of Quaternary age and 1 well in the Bivouac Formation indicate that the water is of generally good quality for drinking and most other purposes. Water from one well tapping lacustrine(?) sand had a dissolved-solids content of 321 ppm (parts per million); all other samples had from 87 to 145 ppm.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir494","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"McGreevy, L., and Gordon, E.D., 1964, Ground water east of Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 494, Report: iv, 27 p.; 1 Plate: 16.90 x 21.58 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir494.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; 1 Plate: 16.90 x 21.58 inches","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395311,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23905.htm"},{"id":30702,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0494/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0494/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":271081,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0494/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, Jackson Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.753173828125,\n 43.8008364060122\n ],\n [\n -110.753173828125,\n 44.067853669357596\n ],\n [\n -110.4345703125,\n 44.067853669357596\n ],\n [\n -110.4345703125,\n 43.8008364060122\n ],\n [\n -110.753173828125,\n 43.8008364060122\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dc4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGreevy, Laurence J.","contributorId":98706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGreevy","given":"Laurence J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, Ellis D.","contributorId":12451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Ellis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2043,"text":"wsp1669J - 1964 - Ground-water conditions in the Green Bay area, Wisconsin, 1950-60","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-02T13:57:06","indexId":"wsp1669J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"J","title":"Ground-water conditions in the Green Bay area, Wisconsin, 1950-60","docAbstract":"The Green Bay area, which includes parts of Brown, Outagamie, and Shawano Counties, has an area of about 525 square miles in eastern Wisconsin at the south end of Green Bay. In 1960, it had a population estimated at 124,000; Green Bay, the largest city in the area, had a population of 62,888. The Green Bay area is underlain by a basement complex of crystalline rocks of Precambrian age. Sedimentary rocks of Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian ages overlie the crystalline rocks. These rocks are divided, in ascending order, as follows: The Dresbach Group, Franconia Sandstone, and Trempealeau Formation of Cambrian age; the Prairie du Chien Group, St. Peter Sandstone, Platteville Formation, and Maquoketa Shale of Ordovician age; and the Niagara Dolomite of Silurian age. The Maquoketa Shale and Niagara Dolomite are present only in the eastern part of the area. Unconsolidated deposits, largely of Pleistocene age and glacial origin, overlie the older rocks in most of the area. The rocks of the Dresbach Group, Franconia Sandstone, Trempealeau Formation, Prairie du Chien Group, and St. Peter Sandstone are connected hydraulically and can be considered to form one aquifer, called the sandstone aquifer. The sandstone aquifer is the principal source of ground-water supply in the Green Bay area and is one of the most productive water-bearing units in Wisconsin. All the public water supplies in the area, except the supply for the city of Green Bay, and many of the industrial water supplies are obtained from wells tapping the sandstone aquifer. Rates of discharge of individual wells range from about 200 to 1,000 gallous per minute. The city of Green Bay also obtained its water supply from wells tapping the sandstone aquifer until August 1957, when it began using Lake Michigan as a source of water supply. Several industries also use large quantities of surface water. The Niagara Dolomite, although largely undeveloped, is potentially an important aquifer, in the eastern part of the area. Small amounts of water are obtained from dolomite of the Platteville Formation and from sand and gravel deposits of Pleistocene age. Recharge to the sandstone aquifer in the Green Bay area is derived chiefly from precipitation that infiltrates at or near the outcrop area of the aquifer in northwestern Brown County, eastern Outagamie and Shawano Counties, and southern Oconto County. The amount of recharge is estimated to be at least 30 mgd (million gallons per day). Withdrawals of water from wells tapping the sandstone aquifer in the area began when the first well was drilled in 1886. The withdrawals gradually increased to an average of about 6 mgd in 1940, about 10 mgd in 1950, and about 13 mgd in January-July of 1957, after which time the city of Green Bay discontinued pumping from wells. From August 1957 through 1960, average annual withdrawals of water remained relatively constant at about 5 mgd. Water levels in wells tapping the sandstone aquifer persistently declined until August 1957 as a result of the gradually increasing withdrawals of water. In the area of concentrated ground-water withdrawals in downtown Green Bay, the piezometric surface, which had been about 100 feet above land surface in 1886, was about 340 feet below land surface in 1957. The cessation of pumping by the city of Green Bay in August 1957 resulted in a decrease in withdrawals of ground water from about 13.1 mgd in the first half of 1957 to about 5.3 mgd in the last half and a rapid recovery in water levels. ]n the area of concentrated withdrawals, the piezometric surface had recovered about 300 feet by September 1960. Rises in water levels were recorded throughout the Green Bay area, with the amount of the rise depending on the distance from the Green Bay city wells. In September 1960, water levels appeared to be affected more by local variations in the rates of pumping than by the recovery resulting from 1957 reduction in pumping. Much additional ground water could
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669J","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Knowles, D., 1964, Ground-water conditions in the Green Bay area, Wisconsin, 1950-60: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, Report: iv, 37 p.; 6 Plates: 20.00 x 33.40 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669J.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 37 p.; 6 Plates: 20.00 x 33.40 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669j/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27532,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669j/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27533,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669j/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27534,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669j/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27535,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669j/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27536,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669j/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27537,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669j/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27538,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Green Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.28475952148438,\n 44.21075694234126\n ],\n [\n -88.28475952148438,\n 44.71161010858431\n ],\n [\n -87.82058715820312,\n 44.71161010858431\n ],\n [\n -87.82058715820312,\n 44.21075694234126\n ],\n [\n -88.28475952148438,\n 44.21075694234126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d218","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Doyle B.","contributorId":85566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Doyle B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2796,"text":"wsp1608D - 1964 - Artesian water in the Malabar coastal plain of southern Kerala, India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp1608D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"D","title":"Artesian water in the Malabar coastal plain of southern Kerala, India","docAbstract":"The present report is based on a geological and hydrological reconnaissance during 1954 of the Malabar Coastal Plain and adjacent island area of southern Kerala to evaluate the availability of ground water for coastal villages and municipalities and associated industries and the potentialities for future development. The work was done in cooperation with the Geological Survey of India and under the auspices of the U.S. Technical Cooperation Mission to India. The State of Kerala, which lies near the southern tip of India and along the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea, contains a total area of 14,937 square miles. The eastern part of the state is s rugged mountainous highland which attains \r\naltitudes of more than 6,000 feet. This highland descends westward through piedmont upland to s narrow coastal plain, which reaches a maximum width of about 16 miles in the latitude of Shertalli. A tropical monsoon rain-forest climate prevails in most of Kerala, and annual rainfall ranges from 65 to 130 inches in the southern part of the coastal plain to as much a 200 inches in the highland. \r\n\r\nThe highland and piedmont upland tracts of Kerala are underlain by Precambrian meamorphic and igneous rocks belonging in large parabola-the so-called Charnockite Series. Beneath ahe coastal plain are semiconsolidated asunconsolidated sedimentary deposits whose age ranges from Miocene to Recent. These deposits include sofa sandstone and clay shale containing some marl or limestone and sand, and clay and pea containing some gravel. The sofa sandstone, sand, and gravel beds constitute important aquifers a depths ranging from a few tens of feet to 400 feet or more below the land surface. The shallow ground war is under water-able or unconfined conditions, but the deeper aquifers contain water under artesian pressure. Near the coast, drilled wells tapping the deeper aquifers commonly flow with artesian heads as much as 10 to 12 feet above the land surface. \r\n\r\nThe draft from existing wells in the coastal belt between Quilon and Alleppy was estimated at 1 to 1 1/2 million imperial gallons a day. However, favorable conations exist for considerable further ground-water development in the coastal plain provided that sufficient attention is given to the potential hazards of saltwater encroachment and local overdevelopment. It is estimated that the overall potential for development of water from wells is probably at least several tens of millions of gallons a day, and perhaps more, in the Malabar Coastal Plain of southern Kera. Such a draft would have to be well dispersed to avoid overdevelopment and salt-war encroachment.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608D","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G., and Ghosh, P., 1964, Artesian water in the Malabar coastal plain of southern Kerala, India: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608D.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29292,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29293,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29294,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George C.","contributorId":45693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"George C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghosh, P.K.","contributorId":53771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghosh","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2797,"text":"wsp1608B - 1964 - Ground water in folded Cretaceous sandstone of the Bhachau area, Kutch, India, with reference to the Kandla Port water supply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp1608B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"B","title":"Ground water in folded Cretaceous sandstone of the Bhachau area, Kutch, India, with reference to the Kandla Port water supply","docAbstract":"This report is based on an investigation of the availability of ground-water supplies in the Bhachau area for the nearby Kandla Port and township development undertaken by the Government of India. This seaport lies on an estuary of the Gulf of Kutch in western India and in the eastern part of the State of Kutch. The fieldwork on the investigation was carried on from November 1952 through April 1953 with continuing hydrologic observations through 1954-55. The fieldwork included: geologic mapping and delimitation of the principal aquifers of the region; preparation of water-table maps; a detailed inventory of existing wells and springs; observations of significant water table fluctuations; preparation of isobicarb, isochlor and isosulf maps to show the areal distribution of ground-water salinity. \r\n\r\nThe Bhachau area includes about 116 square miles in eastern Kutch and lies in a belt of semiarid low-latitude steppes. The mean annual rainfall is about 15 inches, most of which falls from late June to late September during the southwest monsoon. The area includes a central sandy upland ranging from about 100 to 250 feet above sea level ; a northern lowland of between about 50 to 125 feet altitude that slopes north to the Great Rann of Kutch; a belt of low buttes and discontinuous ridges ranging from about 200 to 275 feet above sea level; and southern lowland which slopes in a southerly to southeasterly direction from an altitude of about 125 feet to 25 feet or less near the Gulf of Kutch. The principal streams are Kageshwar Vokra and Kara Vokra which drain north to the Great Rann and Kotwala Vokra and Dalwala Vokra which drain south toward the Gulf of Kutch. \r\n\r\nThe rocks of the Bhachau area include nonmarine and marine sediments of Mesozoic, Tertiary, and Quaternary age and volcanic rocks of late Mesozoic to early Tertiary age. The oldest rocks in the area are medium- to coarse-grained white to buff current-bedded friable sandstone with occasional partings of white silty shale of the Upper Bhuj series that has been assigned to the Early Cretaceous. The soft friable sandstone of the Upper Bhuj series constitutes the most productive ground-water reservoir in the Bhachau area. At present (1955) there are nine irrigated tracts for which water is obtained from dug wells less than 90 feet deep in the Upper Bhuj. These wells are worked by bullocks and 'motes' (leather bags) at withdrawal rates ranging from about 6,000 to 24,000imperial gallons per day; however, many existing individual wells if equipped with mechanical pumps are capable of yielding 100,000 gallons per day. The Deccan trap of Late Cretaceous to Eocene age occurs in a sequence of basaltic lava flows in the Bhachau area, but trap dikes, sills and plugs that are common in other parts of Kutch have not been observed in the area. Laterite of probable Eocene age is extensive at the top of the Deccan trap, and in places where the lava flows are thin the parent rock has been almost completely lateritized. The Deccan lava flows or the laterite, where the trap is absent, rest disconformably on the Upper Bhuj. No wells have been observed in the Deccan trap of the Bhachau area, but it is possible that locally small supplies of good water may be obtained from these rocks. \r\n\r\nThe Tertiary sediments, which are assigned to the Manchhar series of Pliocene age, generally rest on the laterite or the Deccan trap ; but where both are absent, the Manchhar rests directly on the Upper Bhuj. The Manchhar series includes massive reddish-brown gypseous clay shales, laminated gray siltstones, some limestone, mottled sandstone, and laterite trap gravel. Only meager supplies of brackish water are obtained from wells in these sediments. \r\n\r\nAlong the channels of Kotwala, Dalwala, Kageshwar, and Kara Vokras are narrow bands of unconsolidated coarse sand with fine gravel of Quaternary age. No wells were observed in these deposits, but it is possible that locally they may contain small supplies of bracki","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608B","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G., Osa, H., Mitra, A., and Sen, B., 1964, Ground water in folded Cretaceous sandstone of the Bhachau area, Kutch, India, with reference to the Kandla Port water supply: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608B.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29295,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29296,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29297,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608b/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29298,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608b/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29299,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66da12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George C.","contributorId":45693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"George C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osa, H.M.","contributorId":15594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osa","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitra, A.","contributorId":97077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitra","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sen, B.N.","contributorId":8079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sen","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2099,"text":"wsp1669AA - 1964 - Ground-water resources of the lower Mesilla Valley, Texas and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T14:33:03","indexId":"wsp1669AA","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"AA","title":"Ground-water resources of the lower Mesilla Valley, Texas and New Mexico","docAbstract":"The lower Mesilla Valley extends southward from the vicinity of Anthony, Tex., to the gorge of the Rio Grande north of El Paso and westward from the Franklin Mountains to the east edge of La Mesa. The increase in the use of ground water for the public water supply of El Paso and for supplemental irrigation, when the surface-water allotments were inadequate, emphasized the need for an investigation of the ground-water resources of the lower Mesilla Valley.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1962","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669AA","usgsCitation":"Leggat, E., Lowry, M., and Hood, J.W., 1964, Ground-water resources of the lower Mesilla Valley, Texas and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, Report: iv, 49 p.; 8 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669AA.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 49 p.; 8 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27666,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27667,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27668,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27669,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27672,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27673,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27665,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27671,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27670,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669aa/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leggat, E. R.","contributorId":28222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leggat","given":"E. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowry, M.E.","contributorId":55807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hood, J. W.","contributorId":87908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":63516,"text":"gp358 - 1964 - Aeroradioactivity of parts of east-central New York and west-central New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-26T22:44:33.941515","indexId":"gp358","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"358","title":"Aeroradioactivity of parts of east-central New York and west-central New England","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp358","usgsCitation":"Popenoe, P., 1964, Aeroradioactivity of parts of east-central New York and west-central New England: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 358, 1 Plate: 53.62 × 39.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp358.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 53.62 × 39.38 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":253154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0358/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":249642,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0358/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392163,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_3293.htm"},{"id":249641,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0358/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.9583,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -71.0833,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -71.0833,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -74.9583,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -74.9583,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689b10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Popenoe, Peter","contributorId":62206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":269026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35469,"text":"b1161D - 1964 - Geologic reconnaissance of the Antelope-Ashwood area, north-central Oregon, with emphasis on the John Day Formation of late Oligocene and early Miocene age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T21:10:38.994709","indexId":"b1161D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1161","chapter":"D","title":"Geologic reconnaissance of the Antelope-Ashwood area, north-central Oregon, with emphasis on the John Day Formation of late Oligocene and early Miocene age","docAbstract":"This report briefly describes the geology of an area of about 750 square miles in Jefferson, Wasco, Crook, and Wheeler Counties, Oregon. About 16,000 feet of strata that range in age from pre-Tertiary to Quaternary are exposed. These include the following units: pre-Tertiary slate, graywacke, conglomerate, and meta-andesite; Clarno Formation of Eocene age - lava flows, volcanic breccia, tuff, and tuffaceous mudstone, chiefly of andesitic composition; John Day Formation of late Oligocene and early Miocene age - pyroclastic rocks, flows, and domes, chiefly of rhyolitic composition; Columbia River Basalt of middle Miocene age - thick, columnar jointed flows of very fine grained dense dark-gray basalt; Dalles Formation of Pliocene age - bedded tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone, and conglomerate; basalt of Pliocene or Pleistocene age - lava flows of porous-textured olivine basalt; and Quaternary loess, landslide debris, and alluvium. Unconformities separate pre-Tertiary rocks and Clarno Formation, Clarno and John Day Formations, John Day Formation and Columbia River Basalt, and Columbia River Basalt and Dalles Formation.\r\n\r\nThe John Day Formation, the only unit studied in detail, consists of about 4,000 feet of tuff, lapilli tuff, strongly to weakly welded rhyolite ash flows, and less abundant trachyandesite flows and rhyolite flows and domes. The formation was divided into nine mappable members in part of the area, primarily on the basis of distinctive ledge-forming welded ash-flow sheets. Most of the sheets are composed of stony rhyolite containing abundant lithophysae and sparse phenocrysts. One sheet contains 10 to 20 percent phenocrysts, mostly cryptoperthitic soda sanidine, but including less abundant quartz, myrmekitic intergrowths of quartz and sanidine, and oligoclase. The rhyolitic ash flows and lava flows were extruded from nearby vents, in contrast to some of the interbedded air-fall tuff and lapilli tuff of dacitic and andesitic composition that may have been derived from vents in an ancestral Cascade Range. The John Day is dated on the basis of a late Oligocene flora near the base of the formation and early Miocene faunas near the top of the formation.\r\n\r\nThe middle Miocene and older rocks in the Antelope-Ashwood area are broadly folded and broken along northeast-trending faults. Over much of the area the rocks dip gently eastward from the crest of a major fold and are broken along a series of steeply dipping antithetic strike faults. Pliocene and Quaternary strata appear to be undeformed.\r\n\r\nAt the Priday agate deposit, chalcedony-filled spherulites (thunder-eggs) occur in the lower part of a weakly welded rhyolitic ash flow. The so-called thunder-eggs are small spheroidal bodies, about 3 inches in average diameter; each consists of a chalcedonic core surrounded by a shell of welded tuff that is altered to radially oriented fibers of cristobalite and alkalic feldspar.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to general geology (Bulletin 1161)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1161D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Oregon, Department of Geology ande Mineral Industries","usgsCitation":"Peck, D.L., 1964, Geologic reconnaissance of the Antelope-Ashwood area, north-central Oregon, with emphasis on the John Day Formation of late Oligocene and early Miocene age: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1161, Report: iii, 26 p.; 1 Plate: 31.50 × 13.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1161D.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 26 p.; 1 Plate: 31.50 × 13.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":63365,"rank":399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1161d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109435,"rank":699,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20913.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20913"},{"id":63366,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1161d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1161d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Antelope-Ashwood area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -120.449,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -120.449,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 44.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a83d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, Dallas L.","contributorId":60187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Dallas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3221,"text":"cir489 - 1964 - A magnetic anomaly of possible economic significance in southeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T19:49:02","indexId":"cir489","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"489","title":"A magnetic anomaly of possible economic significance in southeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"An aeromagnetic survey in southeastern Minnesota by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the State of Minnesota has revealed a high-amplitude, linear, and narrow magnetic feature that suggests a possible source of Precambrian iron-formation of economic value. \r\n\r\nFor the past few years the U. S. Geological Survey has been conducting detailed geophysical studies of the midcontinent gravity anomaly--a broad, high-amplitude feature that extends from Lake Superior through the States of Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, and part of Kansas. As part of this study an aeromagnetic survey of the southern part of the State was made in cooperation with the State of Minnesota during the summer of 1963, in which a linear high-amplitude anomaly of the order of 4,000 gammas was discovered. Because of the high amplitude, the linearity, and the narrowness of the magnetic feature, it is believed the source may be Precambrian iron-formation of possible economic value. \r\n\r\nThe anomalous area is in Fillmore County, approximately between the towns of Lanesboro and Peterson in the extreme southeastern part of the State. (See figures 1 and 2.) At the site of the anomaly, Cambrian sedimentary rocks occur in the valley of the Root River, and Ordovician rocks (nearly flat lying) mantle the upland areas. \r\n\r\nThe uplands are largely covered by glacial deposits, which are relatively thin (Paul K. Sims, written communication, 1964). Depths to the Precambrian are estimated to range from 500 feet to 1,000 feet below the surface. \r\n\r\nThe aeromagnetic map shown in figure 2 was compiled from continuous magnetic profiles made along east-west flight lines 1,000 feet above ground, and spaced approximately 1 mile apart. Contour intervals of 20, 100, and 500 gammas were used depending on the intensity. The instrument for the survey was a flux-gate type magnetometer (AN/ASQ-3A) which measures total-field variations. The contour map displays variations in magnetic pattern which are typical of shallow Precambrian rocks. Anomalies of the order of 1,000 gammas are shown along the east and west edges of the map. The outstanding feature is the previously mentioned linear positive anomaly that trends northeast and reaches a peak of 3,960 gammas. The positive anomaly is contoured from data on four consecutive profiles, but only two show high amplitudes. The high-amplitude anomalies along traverses 1 and 2 are shown in figure 3. \r\n\r\nDepth calculations suggest that the source of the anomaly lies about 1,000 feet below the surface. Assuming a dikelike source and magnetization resulting entirely from induction in the earth's field, several calculations were made in an attempt to fit the magnetic profile taken along the line AA' (see figs. 2 and 4), considered to be a typical cross-section of the magnetic anomaly. Comparisons are shown between observed and computed profiles. The fixed parameters used were (a) distance from detector to source of 2,000 ft; width of dike of 5,000 ft; dip of dike of 75?, 90?, 105? , and 120? , as shown. The best fit occurs when the dike is vertical or dips 75? to the southwest. For these cases, the susceptibility, k, is computed to be 0.016 c.g.s, units, and is comparable to k = 0.02+ calculated by Bath (1962) for the relatively unmetamorphosed iron-formation of the Main Megabi district in Minnesota where the induced magnetization was most likely the dominant magnetization. If the dominant magnetization for the anomaly in Fillmore County were remanent rather than induced, the economic importance of the anomaly would be greatly reduced. \r\n\r\nThis anomaly seems sufficiently promising to warrant further geologic and geophysical investigation. Detailed ground magnetic and electrical studies would be useful to delineate the feature. In the final analysis, however, the presence of iron-formation can be determined only by the drill.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir489","usgsCitation":"Zietz, I., 1964, A magnetic anomaly of possible economic significance in southeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 489, 5 p. :maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir489.","productDescription":"5 p. :maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1964/0489/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30214,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1964/0489/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zietz, Isidore","contributorId":76708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zietz","given":"Isidore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}