{"pageNumber":"410","pageRowStart":"10225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68873,"records":[{"id":70190183,"text":"70190183 - 2017 - Hydrogeology, groundwater flow, and groundwater quality of an abandoned underground coal-mine aquifer, Elkhorn Area, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T10:18:01","indexId":"70190183","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Hydrogeology, groundwater flow, and groundwater quality of an abandoned underground coal-mine aquifer, Elkhorn Area, West Virginia","docAbstract":"The Pocahontas No. 3 coal seam in southern West Virginia has been extensively mined by underground methods since the 1880’s. An extensive network of abandoned mine entries in the Pocahontas No. 3 has since filled with good-quality water, which is pumped from wells or springs discharging from mine portals (adits), and used as a source of water for public supplies. This report presents results of a three-year investigation of the geology, hydrology, geochemistry, and groundwater flow processes within abandoned underground coal mines used as a source of water for public supply in the Elkhorn area, McDowell County, West Virginia. This study focused on large (> 500 gallon per minute) discharges from the abandoned mines used as public supplies near Elkhorn, West Virginia. Median recharge calculated from base-flow recession of streamflow at Johns Knob Branch and 12 other streamflow gaging stations in McDowell County was 9.1 inches per year. Using drainage area versus mean streamflow relationships from mined and unmined watersheds in McDowell County, the subsurface area along dip of the Pocahontas No. 3 coal-mine aquifer contributing flow to the Turkey Gap mine discharge was determined to be 7.62 square miles (mi2), almost 10 times larger than the 0.81 mi2 surface watershed. Results of this \r\ninvestigation indicate that groundwater flows down dip beneath surface drainage divides from areas up to six miles east in the adjacent Bluestone River watershed. A conceptual model was developed that consisted of a \r\nstacked sequence of perched aquifers, controlled by stress-relief and subsidence fractures, overlying a highly permeable abandoned underground coal-mine aquifer, capable of substantial interbasin transfer of water. Groundwater-flow directions are controlled by the dip of the Pocahontas No. 3 coal seam, the geometry of abandoned mine workings, and location of unmined barriers within that seam, rather than surface topography. Seven boreholes were drilled to intersect abandoned mine workings in the Pocahontas No. 3 coal seam and underlying strata in various structural settings of the Turkey Gap and adjacent down-dip mines. Geophysical logging and aquifer testing were conducted on the boreholes to locate the coal- mine aquifers, characterize fracture geometry, and define permeable zones within strata overlying and underlying the Pocahontas No. 3 coal-mine aquifer. Water levels were measured monthly in the wells and showed a relatively static phreatic zone within subsided strata a few feet above the top of or within the Pocahontas No. 3 coal-mine aquifer (PC3MA). A groundwater-flow model was developed to verify and refine the conceptual understanding of groundwater flow and to develop groundwater budgets for the study area. The model consisted of four layers to represent overburden strata, the Pocahontas No. 3 coal-mine aquifer, underlying fractured rock, and fractured rock below regional drainage. Simulation of flow in the flooded abandoned mine entries using highly conductive layers or zones within the model, was unable to realistically simulate interbasin transfer of water. Therefore it was necessary to represent the coal-mine aquifer as an internal boundary condition rather than a contrast in aquifer properties. By \r\nrepresenting the coal-mine aquifer with a series of drain nodes and optimizing input parameters with parameter estimation software, model \r\nerrors were reduced dramatically and discharges for Elkhorn Creek, Johns Knob Branch, and other tributaries were more accurately simulated. Flow in the Elkhorn Creek and Johns Knob Branch watersheds is dependent on interbasin transfer of water, primarily from up dip areas of abandoned mine workings in the Pocahontas No. 3 coal-mine aquifer within the Bluestone River watershed to the east. For the 38th, 70th, and 87th percentile flow duration of streams in the region, mean measured groundwater discharge was estimated to be 1.30, 0.47, and 0.39 cubic feet per square mile (ft3/s/mi2","language":"English","publisher":"West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, and the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M.D., McCoy, K.J., Britton, J.Q., and Blake, B., 2017, Hydrogeology, groundwater flow, and groundwater quality of an abandoned underground coal-mine aquifer, Elkhorn Area, West Virginia, x, 103 p.","productDescription":"x, 103 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037003","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"McDowell County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-81.9282,37.5141],[-81.921,37.5152],[-81.9159,37.5171],[-81.9148,37.5203],[-81.9126,37.5271],[-81.9087,37.5303],[-81.904,37.5309],[-81.897,37.5305],[-81.8924,37.5315],[-81.8907,37.5333],[-81.8868,37.5384],[-81.8845,37.5402],[-81.8769,37.5385],[-81.8706,37.5395],[-81.866,37.5419],[-81.8603,37.5461],[-81.8563,37.5484],[-81.8435,37.549],[-81.84,37.5477],[-81.8375,37.5396],[-81.8339,37.5356],[-81.8293,37.5356],[-81.8281,37.5343],[-81.8268,37.5284],[-81.8278,37.5239],[-81.8311,37.5166],[-81.8264,37.5135],[-81.8217,37.5113],[-81.8182,37.5095],[-81.8124,37.5096],[-81.8054,37.5097],[-81.7996,37.5107],[-81.799,37.5102],[-81.7967,37.5076],[-81.7948,37.504],[-81.7855,37.5027],[-81.7814,37.5028],[-81.7792,37.5056],[-81.7763,37.506],[-81.7722,37.5056],[-81.7681,37.5034],[-81.7641,37.5049],[-81.763,37.5062],[-81.7595,37.5085],[-81.759,37.509],[-81.756,37.5072],[-81.7448,37.4997],[-81.7343,37.4944],[-81.7251,37.4977],[-81.7088,37.4966],[-81.7059,37.4966],[-81.7008,37.503],[-81.6997,37.504],[-81.6956,37.5049],[-81.6869,37.5041],[-81.6846,37.5046],[-81.6835,37.5069],[-81.6859,37.5091],[-81.6871,37.5109],[-81.6883,37.5155],[-81.6866,37.5177],[-81.6832,37.5196],[-81.678,37.5192],[-81.6727,37.5184],[-81.6687,37.5194],[-81.6629,37.5226],[-81.6612,37.5226],[-81.6548,37.5232],[-81.6531,37.5227],[-81.6507,37.5201],[-81.6507,37.5173],[-81.6466,37.5165],[-81.6436,37.5156],[-81.6413,37.5161],[-81.6396,37.5157],[-81.636,37.513],[-81.6337,37.5135],[-81.6338,37.5162],[-81.6332,37.518],[-81.6315,37.519],[-81.6281,37.519],[-81.6246,37.5213],[-81.62,37.5236],[-81.6177,37.5228],[-81.6136,37.5215],[-81.6135,37.5187],[-81.6134,37.5147],[-81.6075,37.5075],[-81.6045,37.5039],[-81.6033,37.4998],[-81.6032,37.4958],[-81.6008,37.4922],[-81.5978,37.4904],[-81.5932,37.4905],[-81.5903,37.4923],[-81.5881,37.4937],[-81.5875,37.4932],[-81.5863,37.491],[-81.5833,37.4892],[-81.5752,37.4911],[-81.5677,37.4908],[-81.5578,37.4909],[-81.5456,37.4879],[-81.5357,37.4867],[-81.5274,37.4786],[-81.525,37.4768],[-81.5199,37.4791],[-81.5117,37.4779],[-81.507,37.4757],[-81.4989,37.4753],[-81.4937,37.4777],[-81.488,37.4809],[-81.4787,37.4806],[-81.4759,37.4842],[-81.4684,37.4852],[-81.4591,37.4849],[-81.4532,37.4813],[-81.4502,37.4764],[-81.4501,37.4728],[-81.4518,37.4673],[-81.4476,37.4614],[-81.4394,37.4579],[-81.4353,37.4534],[-81.4329,37.4507],[-81.4312,37.4521],[-81.429,37.4571],[-81.4255,37.4594],[-81.422,37.4586],[-81.4197,37.4559],[-81.4156,37.4559],[-81.4058,37.4592],[-81.4041,37.4588],[-81.4001,37.462],[-81.3978,37.4647],[-81.3937,37.4639],[-81.3902,37.4603],[-81.3861,37.4599],[-81.3826,37.4595],[-81.3796,37.4541],[-81.3754,37.4464],[-81.3725,37.4437],[-81.3684,37.4424],[-81.3556,37.438],[-81.3457,37.4354],[-81.3375,37.4328],[-81.3306,37.4338],[-81.3265,37.432],[-81.32,37.4262],[-81.3136,37.4253],[-81.3054,37.4227],[-81.3612,37.3364],[-81.363,37.3359],[-81.3642,37.3337],[-81.3675,37.3277],[-81.3708,37.3227],[-81.3743,37.3213],[-81.3795,37.3199],[-81.3812,37.3195],[-81.3841,37.3189],[-81.3858,37.3186],[-81.387,37.3182],[-81.391,37.3163],[-81.3928,37.3147],[-81.3949,37.3125],[-81.3966,37.3099],[-81.3977,37.3065],[-81.3987,37.3032],[-81.401,37.2999],[-81.4026,37.2962],[-81.4049,37.2921],[-81.406,37.2894],[-81.4093,37.283],[-81.4126,37.2784],[-81.414,37.277],[-81.4162,37.2755],[-81.42,37.2724],[-81.4234,37.2718],[-81.4269,37.2709],[-81.4317,37.2708],[-81.4343,37.271],[-81.4361,37.2712],[-81.4384,37.2716],[-81.4408,37.2711],[-81.4436,37.2707],[-81.446,37.2698],[-81.4497,37.2684],[-81.4548,37.265],[-81.4561,37.2642],[-81.4582,37.2627],[-81.461,37.2604],[-81.4633,37.2581],[-81.4656,37.2572],[-81.4685,37.2572],[-81.4719,37.2557],[-81.475,37.2537],[-81.4771,37.2521],[-81.4805,37.2511],[-81.4828,37.2505],[-81.4841,37.2501],[-81.488,37.2506],[-81.4915,37.2528],[-81.4941,37.2548],[-81.4957,37.2555],[-81.497,37.2548],[-81.5002,37.2518],[-81.5019,37.2482],[-81.5025,37.2438],[-81.504,37.24],[-81.5062,37.2363],[-81.5091,37.2333],[-81.5126,37.2314],[-81.5188,37.2281],[-81.5251,37.2262],[-81.532,37.2234],[-81.5366,37.222],[-81.5417,37.2201],[-81.5463,37.2173],[-81.5502,37.2145],[-81.5531,37.2126],[-81.5541,37.2118],[-81.5599,37.208],[-81.6755,37.2028],[-81.6788,37.2032],[-81.6814,37.2057],[-81.683,37.2081],[-81.6861,37.2112],[-81.6866,37.2114],[-81.6901,37.2129],[-81.6931,37.2143],[-81.6972,37.2165],[-81.7024,37.2204],[-81.7049,37.2221],[-81.7089,37.2248],[-81.7142,37.229],[-81.7156,37.2308],[-81.7185,37.2342],[-81.722,37.2372],[-81.7243,37.2384],[-81.7254,37.2387],[-81.7273,37.239],[-81.729,37.2392],[-81.73,37.2392],[-81.7311,37.2392],[-81.7324,37.2392],[-81.7353,37.2391],[-81.7376,37.2391],[-81.7399,37.2392],[-81.7406,37.2397],[-81.7411,37.2401],[-81.7418,37.2419],[-81.7419,37.2442],[-81.7432,37.2487],[-81.7458,37.2577],[-81.7482,37.2622],[-81.7493,37.2636],[-81.7515,37.2661],[-81.7528,37.2671],[-81.7539,37.2679],[-81.7549,37.2685],[-81.7568,37.2697],[-81.758,37.2715],[-81.7586,37.2724],[-81.7598,37.2737],[-81.7614,37.2743],[-81.7621,37.2745],[-81.7654,37.2745],[-81.7679,37.2741],[-81.7714,37.2744],[-81.7731,37.2749],[-81.7759,37.2761],[-81.7788,37.2779],[-81.7797,37.2784],[-81.7823,37.2797],[-81.7887,37.2818],[-81.7945,37.2826],[-81.798,37.2835],[-81.8021,37.2829],[-81.8073,37.2824],[-81.8111,37.2808],[-81.8118,37.2805],[-81.8154,37.2788],[-81.8204,37.2776],[-81.8262,37.2784],[-81.8293,37.28],[-81.8327,37.2824],[-81.8333,37.2828],[-81.8346,37.2835],[-81.8369,37.2844],[-81.8386,37.285],[-81.8415,37.2858],[-81.8432,37.2863],[-81.8446,37.2865],[-81.8456,37.2866],[-81.8475,37.2869],[-81.8504,37.2873],[-81.8514,37.2881],[-81.8526,37.2892],[-81.8532,37.291],[-81.8539,37.2951],[-81.8536,37.2999],[-81.8537,37.3022],[-81.854,37.3028],[-81.8548,37.3037],[-81.8583,37.3045],[-81.8618,37.3049],[-81.8636,37.3067],[-81.8648,37.3085],[-81.8647,37.3114],[-81.8643,37.3129],[-81.8638,37.3148],[-81.8645,37.3175],[-81.8656,37.3188],[-81.868,37.3206],[-81.871,37.322],[-81.8727,37.3241],[-81.8737,37.3253],[-81.8751,37.3268],[-81.8763,37.3286],[-81.8792,37.3303],[-81.8821,37.3304],[-81.885,37.3294],[-81.8896,37.3294],[-81.8913,37.3301],[-81.8939,37.3315],[-81.8963,37.333],[-81.8978,37.3342],[-81.8991,37.3357],[-81.9008,37.3378],[-81.9026,37.3405],[-81.9062,37.3431],[-81.907,37.344],[-81.9079,37.3449],[-81.9107,37.3479],[-81.9133,37.3493],[-81.9159,37.3506],[-81.9165,37.3509],[-81.9186,37.3525],[-81.9194,37.354],[-81.92,37.3549],[-81.9222,37.3569],[-81.9237,37.3581],[-81.9262,37.3605],[-81.9273,37.3621],[-81.9281,37.3648],[-81.9297,37.3671],[-81.9306,37.3695],[-81.9312,37.3711],[-81.9312,37.3729],[-81.9319,37.3745],[-81.9343,37.3797],[-81.9338,37.3817],[-81.9333,37.3853],[-81.9328,37.389],[-81.9317,37.3926],[-81.9298,37.4002],[-81.9297,37.4024],[-81.9292,37.4042],[-81.9274,37.4058],[-81.927,37.4061],[-81.9253,37.4071],[-81.9242,37.4084],[-81.9249,37.4111],[-81.9265,37.4127],[-81.927,37.4133],[-81.9285,37.4147],[-81.932,37.4169],[-81.935,37.42],[-81.9366,37.4241],[-81.9373,37.4261],[-81.9368,37.4306],[-81.9364,37.4324],[-81.9358,37.4352],[-81.9355,37.4362],[-81.9357,37.4379],[-81.937,37.4392],[-81.94,37.4405],[-81.9435,37.4414],[-81.9454,37.4422],[-81.9464,37.4427],[-81.9505,37.4444],[-81.9546,37.4462],[-81.9558,37.4465],[-81.9574,37.4472],[-81.9614,37.4476],[-81.9643,37.4471],[-81.9672,37.447],[-81.969,37.4483],[-81.9703,37.451],[-81.971,37.452],[-81.972,37.4534],[-81.9732,37.4539],[-81.9751,37.4549],[-81.9793,37.4566],[-81.9826,37.4567],[-81.985,37.4566],[-81.9873,37.4584],[-81.9897,37.4611],[-81.9928,37.4655],[-81.9953,37.4714],[-81.9952,37.4759],[-81.9938,37.4791],[-81.9916,37.4814],[-81.9882,37.4839],[-81.9841,37.4852],[-81.9796,37.4863],[-81.9766,37.4875],[-81.9744,37.4884],[-81.9733,37.4891],[-81.9697,37.4908],[-81.9687,37.4912],[-81.9663,37.4922],[-81.9634,37.4927],[-81.9605,37.4928],[-81.9593,37.4925],[-81.9564,37.4919],[-81.9547,37.4921],[-81.9517,37.4924],[-81.9513,37.493],[-81.9496,37.495],[-81.9503,37.4977],[-81.9514,37.4997],[-81.9514,37.5011],[-81.9504,37.5016],[-81.9499,37.5018],[-81.9484,37.502],[-81.947,37.5023],[-81.9455,37.5026],[-81.9445,37.503],[-81.943,37.5051],[-81.9417,37.5071],[-81.9402,37.5083],[-81.9374,37.5098],[-81.9345,37.5108],[-81.9303,37.5133],[-81.9282,37.5141]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"McDowell\",\"state\":\"WV\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599e9448e4b04935557fe9c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCoy, Kurt J. 0000-0002-9756-8238 kjmccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9756-8238","contributorId":1391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"Kurt","email":"kjmccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Britton, James Q.","contributorId":72864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blake, B.M. Jr.","contributorId":62430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"B.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70190218,"text":"70190218 - 2017 - Species associations and habitat influence the range-wide distribution of breeding Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) on Western Hudson Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T18:03:37","indexId":"70190218","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Species associations and habitat influence the range-wide distribution of breeding Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) on Western Hudson Bay","title":"Species associations and habitat influence the range-wide distribution of breeding Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) on Western Hudson Bay","docAbstract":"

Inter- and intra-specific interactions are potentially important factors influencing the distribution of populations. Aerial survey data, collected during range-wide breeding population surveys for Eastern Prairie Population (EPP) Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior), 1987–2008, were evaluated to assess factors influencing their nesting distribution. Specifically, associations between nesting Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and EPP Canada Geese were quantified; and changes in the spatial distribution of EPP Canada Geese were identified. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models of EPP Canada Goose nest counts were evaluated within a cross-validation framework. The total count of EPP Canada Goose nests varied moderately among years between 1987 and 2008 with no long-term trend; however, the total count of nesting Lesser Snow Geese generally increased. Three models containing factors related to previous EPP Canada Goose nest density (representing recruitment), distance to Hudson Bay (representing brood-habitat), nesting habitat type, and Lesser Snow Goose nest density (inter-specific associations) were the most accurate, improving prediction accuracy by 45% when compared to intercept-only models. EPP Canada Goose nest density varied by habitat type, was negatively associated with distance to coastal brood-rearing areas, and suggested density-dependent intra-specific effects on recruitment. However, a non-linear relationship between Lesser Snow and EPP Canada Goose nest density suggests that as nesting Lesser Snow Geese increase, EPP Canada Geese locally decline and subsequently the spatial distribution of EPP Canada Geese on western Hudson Bay has changed.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.036.0105","usgsCitation":"Reiter, M., Andersen, D., Raedeke, A.H., and Humburg, D.D., 2017, Species associations and habitat influence the range-wide distribution of breeding Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) on Western Hudson Bay: Waterbirds, v. 36, no. 1, p. 20-33, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.036.0105.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-020583","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Hudson Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.82421874999999,\n 65.76672667423811\n ],\n [\n -89.47265624999999,\n 65.51296255329493\n ],\n [\n -89.12109374999999,\n 65.14611484756375\n ],\n [\n -87.53906249999999,\n 65.14611484756375\n ],\n [\n -87.09960937499999,\n 64.66151739623561\n ],\n [\n -87.71484374999997,\n 64.28275952823394\n ],\n [\n -88.33007812499997,\n 64.0144961948447\n ],\n [\n -89.12109374999999,\n 63.82128765261384\n ],\n [\n -89.99999999999999,\n 64.05297838071344\n ],\n [\n -90.08789062499999,\n 63.6267446447533\n ],\n [\n -90.79101562499999,\n 63.430860212678105\n ],\n [\n -90.87890624999999,\n 62.99515845212054\n ],\n [\n -91.84570312499999,\n 62.83508901142285\n ],\n [\n -92.37304687499999,\n 62.59334083012024\n ],\n [\n -92.63671874999999,\n 62.186013857194254\n ],\n [\n -93.69140624999999,\n 61.73152565113397\n ],\n [\n -93.86718749999999,\n 61.39671887310414\n ],\n [\n -94.48242187499999,\n 60.75915950226988\n ],\n [\n -95.09765624999997,\n 59.489726035537075\n ],\n [\n -94.92187499999999,\n 58.859223547066556\n ],\n [\n -94.48242187499999,\n 58.6769376725869\n ],\n [\n -93.95507812499999,\n 58.859223547066556\n ],\n [\n -93.25195312499999,\n 58.95000823335702\n ],\n [\n -92.81249999999999,\n 58.58543569119917\n ],\n [\n -92.81249999999999,\n 58.401711667608\n ],\n [\n -92.72460937499999,\n 58.12431960569377\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 57.65715759658301\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 56.84897198026975\n ],\n [\n -91.84570312499999,\n 57.136239319177434\n ],\n [\n -90.79101562499999,\n 57.136239319177434\n ],\n [\n -89.47265624999999,\n 56.65622649350222\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 56.607885465009254\n ],\n [\n -87.80273437499999,\n 56.12106042504407\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 55.677584411089526\n ],\n [\n -85.42968749999999,\n 55.57834467218206\n ],\n [\n -85.34179687499999,\n 55.32914440840507\n ],\n [\n -83.23242187499999,\n 55.178867663281984\n ],\n [\n -82.44140624999999,\n 54.92714186454648\n ],\n [\n -82.52929687499999,\n 54.059387886623576\n ],\n [\n -82.17773437499999,\n 53.4357192066942\n ],\n [\n -82.08984374999999,\n 52.96187505907603\n ],\n [\n -82.00195312499999,\n 52.1065051907563\n ],\n [\n -80.94726562499997,\n 51.72702815704774\n ],\n [\n -80.59570312499999,\n 51.39920565355378\n ],\n [\n -80.06835937499999,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 51.50874245880335\n ],\n [\n -78.61816406249999,\n 52.1874047455997\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 52.82932091031376\n ],\n [\n -79.10156249999999,\n 53.38332836757156\n ],\n [\n -79.32128906249999,\n 53.77468884583577\n ],\n [\n -79.93652343749999,\n 54.546579538405034\n ],\n [\n -80.11230468749999,\n 54.7246201949245\n ],\n [\n -79.18945312499999,\n 54.85131525968606\n ],\n [\n -78.35449218749999,\n 55.1286490684888\n ],\n [\n -77.38769531249999,\n 55.50374985927514\n ],\n [\n -76.94824218749997,\n 55.92458580482953\n ],\n [\n -76.64062499999999,\n 56.486761752490885\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 57.016814017391106\n ],\n [\n -76.86035156249999,\n 57.75107598132104\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 58.21702494960191\n ],\n [\n -78.79394531249999,\n 58.768200159239576\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 59.40036514079251\n ],\n [\n -77.87109374999999,\n 59.57885104663189\n ],\n [\n -77.65136718749999,\n 59.84481485969105\n ],\n [\n -78.0029296875,\n 60.65164736580915\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 60.71619779357714\n ],\n [\n -78.13476562499999,\n 60.973107109199404\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 61.33353967329142\n ],\n [\n -78.26660156249999,\n 61.68987220045999\n ],\n [\n -78.35449218749999,\n 62.103882522897855\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 62.30879369102805\n ],\n [\n -79.18945312499999,\n 62.186013857194254\n ],\n [\n -79.40917968749999,\n 61.85614879566797\n ],\n [\n -79.54101562499999,\n 61.56457388515458\n ],\n [\n -79.89257812499999,\n 61.52269494598361\n ],\n [\n -80.41992187499999,\n 61.79390039913458\n ],\n [\n -80.28808593749999,\n 61.98026726504402\n ],\n [\n -80.02441406249999,\n 62.34960927573042\n ],\n [\n -79.76074218749999,\n 62.59334083012024\n ],\n [\n -79.36523437499997,\n 62.492027730426905\n ],\n [\n -78.44238281249999,\n 62.431074232920935\n ],\n [\n -77.38769531249999,\n 62.431074232920935\n ],\n [\n -76.55273437499999,\n 62.36999628130772\n ],\n [\n -75.67382812499999,\n 62.2679226294176\n ],\n [\n -74.35546874999999,\n 62.2679226294176\n ],\n [\n -73.95996093749999,\n 62.471723714758724\n ],\n [\n -73.74023437499999,\n 62.75472592723178\n ],\n [\n -76.42089843749999,\n 63.66576033778838\n ],\n [\n -76.90429687499999,\n 64.05297838071344\n ],\n [\n -77.51953124999999,\n 64.16810689799155\n ],\n [\n -78.96972656249999,\n 64.11060221954628\n ],\n [\n -79.80468749999999,\n 63.87939001720202\n ],\n [\n -80.33203124999999,\n 63.724183392123315\n ],\n [\n -80.41992187499999,\n 63.58767529470318\n ],\n [\n -80.99121093749999,\n 63.37183226679281\n ],\n [\n -82.39746093749997,\n 63.64625919492172\n ],\n [\n -82.66113281249999,\n 63.78248603116502\n ],\n [\n -83.18847656249999,\n 63.93737246791484\n ],\n [\n -83.23242187499999,\n 64.07219957867282\n ],\n [\n -83.71582031249999,\n 63.87939001720202\n ],\n [\n -83.67187499999999,\n 63.68524808030715\n ],\n [\n -84.06738281249999,\n 63.430860212678105\n ],\n [\n -84.46289062499999,\n 63.48976680530999\n ],\n [\n -84.68261718749999,\n 63.25341156651705\n ],\n [\n -85.16601562499999,\n 63.03503931552978\n ],\n [\n -85.86914062499999,\n 62.99515845212054\n ],\n [\n -85.82519531249999,\n 63.31268278043484\n ],\n [\n -85.86914062499999,\n 63.568120480921074\n ],\n [\n -86.44042968749999,\n 63.568120480921074\n ],\n [\n -86.74804687499997,\n 63.568120480921074\n ],\n [\n -87.05566406249999,\n 63.470144746565445\n ],\n [\n -87.40722656249999,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -87.27539062499999,\n 63.704722429433225\n ],\n [\n -87.01171874999999,\n 63.87939001720202\n ],\n [\n -86.70410156249999,\n 63.918058296491104\n ],\n [\n -86.48437499999999,\n 64.03374392176401\n ],\n [\n -86.52832031249999,\n 64.30182213914463\n ],\n [\n -86.52832031249999,\n 64.54844014422517\n ],\n [\n -86.35253906249999,\n 64.79284777557432\n ],\n [\n -86.17675781249999,\n 65.05360170595505\n ],\n [\n -86.17675781249999,\n 65.4034447883078\n ],\n [\n -86.17675781249999,\n 65.78475783804785\n ],\n [\n -85.69335937499999,\n 65.85675647909318\n ],\n [\n -86.04492187499999,\n 66.00015035652662\n ],\n [\n -86.44042968749999,\n 65.76672667423811\n ],\n [\n -86.70410156249999,\n 65.65827451982663\n ],\n [\n -87.14355468749999,\n 65.33017791526855\n ],\n [\n -88.19824218749997,\n 65.36683689226321\n ],\n [\n -88.94531249999999,\n 65.5493666881153\n ],\n [\n -89.82421874999999,\n 65.76672667423811\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599bf124e4b0b589267ed341","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiter, Matthew","contributorId":195769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiter","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17734,"text":"Point Blue Conservation Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":708123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":708020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raedeke, Andrew H.","contributorId":94083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raedeke","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Humburg, Dale D.","contributorId":79357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humburg","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13073,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039731,"text":"sir20125171 - 2017 - Methods for estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics and harmonic mean flows for streams in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T18:31:02","indexId":"sir20125171","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5171","title":"Methods for estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics and harmonic mean flows for streams in Iowa","docAbstract":"A statewide study was conducted to develop regression equations for estimating six selected low-flow frequency statistics and harmonic mean flows for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. The estimation equations developed for the six low-flow frequency statistics include: the annual 1-, 7-, and 30-day mean low flows for a recurrence interval of 10 years, the annual 30-day mean low flow for a recurrence interval of 5 years, and the seasonal (October 1 through December 31) 1- and 7-day mean low flows for a recurrence interval of 10 years. Estimation equations also were developed for the harmonic-mean-flow statistic. Estimates of these seven selected statistics are provided for 208 U.S. Geological Survey continuous-record streamgages using data through September 30, 2006. The study area comprises streamgages located within Iowa and 50 miles beyond the State's borders. Because trend analyses indicated statistically significant positive trends when considering the entire period of record for the majority of the streamgages, the longest, most recent period of record without a significant trend was determined for each streamgage for use in the study. The median number of years of record used to compute each of these seven selected statistics was 35. Geographic information system software was used to measure 54 selected basin characteristics for each streamgage. Following the removal of two streamgages from the initial data set, data collected for 206 streamgages were compiled to investigate three approaches for regionalization of the seven selected statistics. Regionalization, a process using statistical regression analysis, provides a relation for efficiently transferring information from a group of streamgages in a region to ungaged sites in the region. The three regionalization approaches tested included statewide, regional, and region-of-influence regressions. For the regional regression, the study area was divided into three low-flow regions on the basis of hydrologic characteristics, landform regions, and soil regions. A comparison of root mean square errors and average standard errors of prediction for the statewide, regional, and region-of-influence regressions determined that the regional regression provided the best estimates of the seven selected statistics at ungaged sites in Iowa. Because a significant number of streams in Iowa reach zero flow as their minimum flow during low-flow years, four different types of regression analyses were used: left-censored, logistic, generalized-least-squares, and weighted-least-squares regression. A total of 192 streamgages were included in the development of 27 regression equations for the three low-flow regions. For the northeast and northwest regions, a censoring threshold was used to develop 12 left-censored regression equations to estimate the 6 low-flow frequency statistics for each region. For the southern region a total of 12 regression equations were developed; 6 logistic regression equations were developed to estimate the probability of zero flow for the 6 low-flow frequency statistics and 6 generalized least-squares regression equations were developed to estimate the 6 low-flow frequency statistics, if nonzero flow is estimated first by use of the logistic equations. A weighted-least-squares regression equation was developed for each region to estimate the harmonic-mean-flow statistic. Average standard errors of estimate for the left-censored equations for the northeast region range from 64.7 to 88.1 percent and for the northwest region range from 85.8 to 111.8 percent. Misclassification percentages for the logistic equations for the southern region range from 5.6 to 14.0 percent. Average standard errors of prediction for generalized least-squares equations for the southern region range from 71.7 to 98.9 percent and pseudo coefficients of determination for the generalized-least-squares equations range from 87.7 to 91.8 percent. Average standard errors of prediction for weighted-least-squares equations developed for estimating the harmonic-mean-flow statistic for each of the three regions range from 66.4 to 80.4 percent. The regression equations are applicable only to stream sites in Iowa with low flows not significantly affected by regulation, diversion, or urbanization and with basin characteristics within the range of those used to develop the equations. If the equations are used at ungaged sites on regulated streams, or on streams affected by water-supply and agricultural withdrawals, then the estimates will need to be adjusted by the amount of regulation or withdrawal to estimate the actual flow conditions if that is of interest. Caution is advised when applying the equations for basins with characteristics near the applicable limits of the equations and for basins located in karst topography. A test of two drainage-area ratio methods using 31 pairs of streamgages, for the annual 7-day mean low-flow statistic for a recurrence interval of 10 years, indicates a weighted drainage-area ratio method provides better estimates than regional regression equations for an ungaged site on a gaged stream in Iowa when the drainage-area ratio is between 0.5 and 1.4. These regression equations will be implemented within the U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats web-based geographic-information-system tool. StreamStats allows users to click on any ungaged site on a river and compute estimates of the seven selected statistics; in addition, 90-percent prediction intervals and the measured basin characteristics for the ungaged sites also are provided. StreamStats also allows users to click on any streamgage in Iowa and estimates computed for these seven selected statistics are provided for the streamgage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., and Barnes, K., 2017, Methods for estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics and harmonic mean flows for streams in Iowa (Version 1.0: Originally posted 2012; Version 1.1: November 21, 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5171, viii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125171.","productDescription":"viii, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349178,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5171/sir2012-5171_2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2012–5171"},{"id":349177,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5171/images/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":259946,"rank":98,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15","country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.217706,43.50055],[-91.216035,43.481142],[-91.233367,43.455168],[-91.200359,43.412701],[-91.198953,43.389835],[-91.21477,43.365874],[-91.20662,43.352524],[-91.132813,43.32803],[-91.107237,43.313645],[-91.07371,43.274746],[-91.071698,43.261014],[-91.058644,43.257679],[-91.066398,43.239293],[-91.12217,43.197255],[-91.1462,43.152405],[-91.1562,43.142945],[-91.175253,43.134665],[-91.179457,43.067427],[-91.156562,42.978226],[-91.14543,42.958211],[-91.14988,42.941955],[-91.1438,42.922877],[-91.146177,42.90985],[-91.100565,42.883078],[-91.097656,42.859871],[-91.091837,42.851225],[-91.09406,42.830813],[-91.078665,42.827678],[-91.069549,42.769628],[-91.060261,42.761847],[-91.065783,42.753387],[-91.056297,42.747341],[-91.051275,42.737001],[-91.035418,42.73734],[-91.026786,42.724228],[-91.000128,42.716189],[-90.977735,42.696816],[-90.949213,42.685573],[-90.923634,42.6855],[-90.88743,42.67247],[-90.731132,42.643437],[-90.706303,42.634169],[-90.692031,42.610366],[-90.686975,42.591774],[-90.661527,42.567999],[-90.654127,42.5499],[-90.643927,42.540401],[-90.636927,42.513202],[-90.655927,42.491703],[-90.654027,42.478503],[-90.624328,42.458904],[-90.567968,42.440389],[-90.560439,42.432897],[-90.555018,42.416138],[-90.477279,42.383794],[-90.462619,42.367253],[-90.443874,42.355218],[-90.416535,42.325109],[-90.430884,42.27823],[-90.419326,42.254467],[-90.400653,42.239293],[-90.391108,42.225473],[-90.356964,42.205445],[-90.328273,42.201047],[-90.282173,42.178846],[-90.234919,42.165431],[-90.209479,42.15268],[-90.197342,42.128163],[-90.167533,42.122475],[-90.161159,42.106372],[-90.168358,42.075779],[-90.164485,42.042105],[-90.151579,42.030633],[-90.140061,42.003252],[-90.146225,41.981329],[-90.164135,41.956178],[-90.163847,41.944934],[-90.152659,41.933058],[-90.153584,41.906614],[-90.181401,41.844647],[-90.181973,41.80707],[-90.278633,41.767358],[-90.310708,41.742214],[-90.317668,41.72269],[-90.313435,41.698082],[-90.334525,41.679559],[-90.343452,41.646959],[-90.339528,41.598633],[-90.343228,41.587833],[-90.41283,41.565333],[-90.461432,41.523533],[-90.500633,41.518033],[-90.540935,41.526133],[-90.591037,41.512832],[-90.602137,41.506032],[-90.605937,41.494232],[-90.655839,41.462132],[-90.750142,41.449632],[-90.846558,41.455141],[-90.930016,41.421404],[-90.979815,41.434321],[-91.027787,41.423603],[-91.043988,41.415897],[-91.05101,41.387556],[-91.06652,41.365246],[-91.074841,41.305578],[-91.092034,41.286911],[-91.114186,41.250029],[-91.113648,41.241401],[-91.07298,41.207151],[-91.041536,41.166138],[-91.027214,41.163373],[-91.007586,41.166183],[-90.99496,41.160624],[-90.946627,41.096632],[-90.949383,41.072711],[-90.942253,41.034702],[-90.945949,41.006495],[-90.958142,40.979767],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-90.965344,40.921633],[-91.009536,40.900565],[-91.021562,40.884021],[-91.044653,40.868356],[-91.05643,40.848387],[-91.092993,40.821079],[-91.097649,40.805575],[-91.091703,40.779708],[-91.110424,40.745528],[-91.115735,40.725168],[-91.11194,40.697018],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-91.185428,40.638071],[-91.253074,40.637962],[-91.306524,40.626231],[-91.339719,40.613488],[-91.359873,40.601805],[-91.379752,40.57445],[-91.401482,40.559458],[-91.406373,40.551831],[-91.404125,40.539127],[-91.384531,40.530948],[-91.369059,40.512532],[-91.364211,40.500043],[-91.364915,40.484168],[-91.381769,40.442555],[-91.372554,40.4012],[-91.381958,40.387632],[-91.419422,40.378264],[-91.441243,40.386255],[-91.452458,40.375501],[-91.463895,40.375659],[-91.465116,40.385257],[-91.484507,40.3839],[-91.490977,40.393484],[-91.487829,40.403866],[-91.498093,40.401926],[-91.522333,40.409648],[-91.527057,40.416689],[-91.519012,40.431298],[-91.529132,40.434272],[-91.533548,40.440804],[-91.523271,40.450061],[-91.526155,40.458625],[-91.552691,40.458769],[-91.574746,40.465664],[-91.590817,40.492292],[-91.621353,40.510072],[-91.618028,40.53403],[-91.6219,40.542292],[-91.6887,40.55739],[-91.691557,40.564867],[-91.686357,40.580875],[-91.716769,40.59853],[-91.729115,40.61364],[-92.686693,40.589809],[-94.294813,40.571341],[-94.632032,40.571186],[-95.765645,40.585208],[-95.753148,40.59284],[-95.748626,40.603355],[-95.768926,40.621264],[-95.776251,40.647463],[-95.795489,40.662384],[-95.822913,40.66724],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.883178,40.717579],[-95.888907,40.731855],[-95.879027,40.753081],[-95.84662,40.768619],[-95.835232,40.779151],[-95.834523,40.787778],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.847084,40.854174],[-95.847785,40.864328],[-95.838735,40.872191],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.813458,40.901693],[-95.836438,40.921642],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.838908,40.986484],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.869486,41.009399],[-95.859918,41.025403],[-95.859654,41.035695],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.862587,41.088399],[-95.865888,41.117898],[-95.882088,41.143998],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.856788,41.187098],[-95.90969,41.184398],[-95.91829,41.186698],[-95.92599,41.195698],[-95.924891,41.211198],[-95.910891,41.231798],[-95.921891,41.264598],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.928691,41.281398],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.90589,41.300897],[-95.90429,41.293497],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.87689,41.285097],[-95.871489,41.295797],[-95.883089,41.316697],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.946891,41.334096],[-95.956691,41.345496],[-95.954891,41.351796],[-95.93549,41.360596],[-95.92879,41.370096],[-95.93689,41.396387],[-95.929721,41.411331],[-95.933169,41.42943],[-95.919865,41.447922],[-95.922529,41.455766],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.962329,41.46281],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-96.019542,41.486617],[-95.997903,41.504789],[-95.992599,41.514174],[-95.999529,41.538679],[-96.005079,41.544004],[-96.019686,41.545743],[-96.027289,41.541081],[-96.034305,41.512853],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.05369,41.508859],[-96.07307,41.525052],[-96.08822,41.530595],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.093613,41.558271],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.085771,41.585746],[-96.109387,41.596871],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.116233,41.621574],[-96.100701,41.635507],[-96.095046,41.647365],[-96.099837,41.66103],[-96.120983,41.677861],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.111968,41.697773],[-96.082429,41.698159],[-96.073063,41.705004],[-96.079682,41.717962],[-96.10261,41.728016],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.102772,41.746339],[-96.079915,41.757895],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.064537,41.793002],[-96.075548,41.807811],[-96.107592,41.820685],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.142045,41.868865],[-96.148826,41.888132],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.160767,41.908044],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.144583,41.941544],[-96.133318,41.955732],[-96.1289,41.969727],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.156538,41.980137],[-96.184243,41.976696],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.215225,42.006701],[-96.223896,41.995456],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.223822,42.033346],[-96.238392,42.041088],[-96.261132,42.038974],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.279342,42.07028],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.279203,42.12348],[-96.310085,42.132523],[-96.319528,42.146647],[-96.342395,42.160491],[-96.349688,42.172043],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.358141,42.214088],[-96.336323,42.218922],[-96.323723,42.229887],[-96.330004,42.240224],[-96.328905,42.254734],[-96.336003,42.264806],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.369212,42.308344],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.407998,42.337408],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.417093,42.361443],[-96.408436,42.376092],[-96.41498,42.393442],[-96.413609,42.407894],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.380707,42.446394],[-96.385407,42.473094],[-96.396107,42.484095],[-96.409408,42.487595],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.476909,42.497795],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.477454,42.509589],[-96.490089,42.512441],[-96.49297,42.517282],[-96.479909,42.524195],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.498041,42.558153],[-96.498709,42.57087],[-96.489328,42.5708],[-96.485796,42.575001],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.494777,42.585741],[-96.499885,42.588539],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.517048,42.615343],[-96.525671,42.609312],[-96.531604,42.615148],[-96.518542,42.62035],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.537881,42.646446],[-96.542366,42.660736],[-96.559281,42.657903],[-96.556461,42.663939],[-96.566684,42.675942],[-96.576381,42.671302],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.596405,42.688514],[-96.59908,42.697296],[-96.61017,42.694568],[-96.629625,42.705102],[-96.624446,42.714294],[-96.624704,42.725497],[-96.631931,42.725086],[-96.638621,42.734921],[-96.630485,42.750378],[-96.620548,42.753534],[-96.620272,42.757124],[-96.632212,42.761512],[-96.633168,42.768325],[-96.61949,42.784034],[-96.604559,42.783034],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.590757,42.808255],[-96.596008,42.815044],[-96.585699,42.818041],[-96.577937,42.827645],[-96.581604,42.837521],[-96.571353,42.837155],[-96.565605,42.830434],[-96.560572,42.839373],[-96.552092,42.836057],[-96.549513,42.839143],[-96.554709,42.846142],[-96.545502,42.849956],[-96.54146,42.857682],[-96.550439,42.863171],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.540396,42.888877],[-96.526563,42.893755],[-96.542847,42.903737],[-96.537354,42.908791],[-96.541689,42.922576],[-96.525536,42.935511],[-96.516203,42.933769],[-96.52012,42.938183],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.505028,42.970844],[-96.515922,42.972886],[-96.520773,42.980385],[-96.512237,42.985937],[-96.509986,42.995126],[-96.49782,42.998143],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.499187,43.019213],[-96.510995,43.024701],[-96.509146,43.03668],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.510256,43.049917],[-96.490365,43.050789],[-96.476905,43.062383],[-96.463094,43.062981],[-96.458201,43.067554],[-96.454188,43.083379],[-96.462636,43.089614],[-96.460516,43.09494],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.458854,43.143356],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.464896,43.182034],[-96.473834,43.189804],[-96.470781,43.205099],[-96.475571,43.221054],[-96.496454,43.223652],[-96.519273,43.21769],[-96.535741,43.22764],[-96.56044,43.224219],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.552963,43.247281],[-96.552591,43.257769],[-96.582904,43.26769],[-96.586317,43.274319],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.580346,43.298204],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.526004,43.309999],[-96.534913,43.336473],[-96.524289,43.347214],[-96.527345,43.368109],[-96.521323,43.374607],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.524044,43.394762],[-96.529152,43.397735],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.569628,43.427527],[-96.575181,43.431756],[-96.592905,43.43317],[-96.602608,43.449649],[-96.600039,43.45708],[-96.584603,43.46961],[-96.586364,43.478251],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.590452,43.494298],[-96.598396,43.495074],[-96.598929,43.500441],[-91.217706,43.50055]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted 2012; Version 1.1: November 21, 2017","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55bbe4b0c8380cd6d286","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Kimberlee K.","contributorId":41476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Kimberlee K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58308,"text":"sir20045209 - 2017 - A water-budget analysis of Medina and Diversion Lakes and the Medina/Diversion Lake system, with estimated recharge to Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T09:18:16","indexId":"sir20045209","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5209","title":"A water-budget analysis of Medina and Diversion Lakes and the Medina/Diversion Lake system, with estimated recharge to Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas","docAbstract":"

In January 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey—in cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority—began a study to refine and, if possible, extend previously derived (1995–96) relations between the stage in Medina Lake and recharge to the Edwards aquifer to include the effects of reservoir stages below 1,018 feet and greater than 1,046 feet above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929. The principal objective of this present (2001–02) study was to estimate ground-water outflow (seepage) from Medina Lake, Diversion Lake, and from the Medina/Diversion Lake system through the calculation of water budgets representing steady-state conditions over as wide a range as possible in the stages of Medina and Diversion Lakes. The water budgets were compiled for selected periods during which time the water-budget components were inferred to be relatively stable and the influence of precipitation, stormwater runoff, and changes in storage were presumably minimal.

Water budgets for the Medina/Diversion Lake system were compiled for 127 water-budget periods ranging from 8 to 78 days from daily hydrologic data collected during March 1955–September 1964, October 1995–September 1996, and February 2001–June 2002. Budgets for Medina and Diversion Lakes were compiled for 14 periods ranging from 8 to 23 days from daily hydrologic data collected only during October 1995–September 1996 and April 2001–June 2002.

Linear equations were developed to relate the stage in Medina Lake to ground-water outflow from Medina Lake, Diversion Lake, and the Medina/Diversion Lake system. The computed mean rates of outflow from Medina Lake ranged from about 18 to 182 acre-feet per day between stages of 1,019 and 1,064 feet above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929. The computed rates of outflow from Diversion Lake ranged from about -85 to 52 acre-feet per day. The rates of outflow from the entire lake system ranged from about 5 to 178 acre-feet per day between Medina Lake stages of 963 to 1,064 feet. It is assumed that all outflow from the lake system enters the ground-water system as recharge to the Edwards aquifer.

During the time that the stage in Medina Lake was greater than about 1,040 feet, Diversion Lake gained more water than it lost to the ground-water system and the rate of ground-water outflow from Medina Lake increased sharply while its stage was between about 1,043 and 1,045 feet. The observed outflow from Diversion Lake during this time decreased sharply to the extent that a net gain resulted—indicating that a substantial amount of the additional outflow from Medina Lake returned to Diversion Lake. When the stage in Medina Lake is at the spillway elevation of 1,064 feet, Diversion Lake appears to gain as much as 40 percent of the concurrent ground-water outflow from Medina Lake.

An indication of water moving from the lake system into the ground-water system and back to the surface-water system was observed in the most downstream reach of the Medina River, between Diversion Lake and the Medina River near Riomedina. During conditions of no flow over Diversion Dam, this reach of the Medina River gained from about 32 to 94 acre-feet per day, with the gain increasing with increasing stage in Diversion Lake.

The average of the monthly recharge to the Edwards aquifer from the Medina/Diversion Lake system—as estimated by the present study for the October 1995–September 2002 period—is 3,083 acre-feet, or about 56 percent of recharge computed for this period with a previously used (Lowry) method. The present study’s estimates of recharge for months with rising-lake stage conditions are about 44 percent of those computed with the previously used method, compared to about 60 percent for months with steady or falling-stage conditions. For stages greater than 1,045 feet, the present study estimated recharge to be about 52 percent of that computed with the previously used method, compared to about 64 percent at stages below 1,045 feet.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045209","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Slattery, R.N., and Miller, L.D., 2017, A water-budget analysis of Medina and Diversion Lakes and the Medina/Diversion Lake system, with estimated recharge to Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas (ver. 1.1, February 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5209, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045209. ","productDescription":"Report: iv, 41 p.; Appendix; Data Release; Version History","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335301,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5209/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.45 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":335300,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ZS2TNF","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Reanalysis of the Medina/Diversion Lake System Water-Budget, with Estimated Recharge to Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio Area, Texas"},{"id":335297,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5209/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335298,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5209/sir20045209.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2004–5209"},{"id":335299,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20173008","text":"Fact Sheet 2017–3008","size":"332 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017–3008"},{"id":335302,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5209/sir20045209_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"363 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2004–5209 Appendix 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Upper Medina Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.7869,29.7168],[-98.8056,29.6968],[-98.8042,29.2513],[-98.8039,29.0884],[-99.4107,29.087],[-99.4132,29.6253],[-99.6033,29.6257],[-99.6031,29.9068],[-99.6908,29.9079],[-99.6915,29.9575],[-99.6923,30.0775],[-99.7577,30.0772],[-99.7576,30.2882],[-99.3032,30.289],[-99.3034,30.1398],[-98.9217,30.139],[-98.5896,30.1375],[-98.4138,29.9442],[-98.6478,29.7477],[-98.6493,29.7495],[-98.6508,29.7509],[-98.6514,29.7523],[-98.6529,29.7532],[-98.6534,29.7532],[-98.6555,29.7528],[-98.6561,29.7514],[-98.6561,29.7491],[-98.6567,29.7478],[-98.6583,29.7478],[-98.6593,29.7492],[-98.6609,29.7492],[-98.6624,29.7492],[-98.663,29.7483],[-98.6646,29.7465],[-98.6646,29.7447],[-98.6646,29.7433],[-98.6657,29.7415],[-98.6683,29.7415],[-98.6725,29.7429],[-98.6741,29.742],[-98.6762,29.7407],[-98.681,29.7389],[-98.6926,29.7381],[-98.6984,29.7364],[-98.7016,29.7341],[-98.7042,29.7332],[-98.7084,29.7337],[-98.711,29.7342],[-98.7132,29.7315],[-98.7153,29.7283],[-98.719,29.7274],[-98.7222,29.728],[-98.7279,29.7294],[-98.7316,29.7294],[-98.7342,29.7285],[-98.7343,29.7267],[-98.7338,29.7235],[-98.7333,29.7208],[-98.7407,29.7185],[-98.747,29.7186],[-98.7527,29.721],[-98.7595,29.7224],[-98.768,29.7216],[-98.7801,29.7204],[-98.7843,29.7195],[-98.7869,29.7168]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bandera\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","edition":"Originally posted December 22, 2004; Version 1.1: February 15, 2017","contact":"

Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754

https://tx.usgs.gov/

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2004-12-22","revisedDate":"2017-02-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a521f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slattery, Richard N. 0000-0002-9141-9776 rnslatte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9776","contributorId":2471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Richard","email":"rnslatte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Lisa D. 0000-0002-3523-0768 ldmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0768","contributorId":1125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lisa","email":"ldmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176667,"text":"sim3366 - 2016 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176667,"text":"sim3366 - 2016 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas","indexId":"sim3366","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70250060,"text":"sim3510 - 2023 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas","indexId":"sim3510","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70250060,"text":"sim3510 - 2023 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas","indexId":"sim3510","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T18:48:11.349185","indexId":"sim3366","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3366","title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas","docAbstract":"

During 2014–16, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority, documented the geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas. The Edwards and Trinity aquifers are major sources of water for agriculture, industry, and urban and rural communities in south-central Texas. Both the Edwards and Trinity are classified as major aquifers by the State of Texas.

The purpose of this report is to present the geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Tex. The report includes a detailed 1:24,000-scale hydrostratigraphic map, names, and descriptions of the geology and hydrostratigraphic units (HSUs) in the study area.

The scope of the report is focused on geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the outcrops and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Tex. In addition, parts of the adjacent upper confining unit to the Edwards aquifer are included.

The study area, approximately 866 square miles, is within the outcrops of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers and overlying confining units (Washita, Eagle Ford, Austin, and Taylor Groups) in northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Tex. The rocks within the study area are sedimentary and range in age from Early to Late Cretaceous. The Miocene-age Balcones fault zone is the primary structural feature within the study area. The fault zone is an extensional system of faults that generally trends southwest to northeast in south-central Texas. The faults have normal throw, are en echelon, and are mostly downthrown to the southeast.

The Early Cretaceous Edwards Group rocks were deposited in an open marine to supratidal flats environment during two marine transgressions. The Edwards Group is composed of the Kainer and Person Formations. Following tectonic uplift, subaerial exposure, and erosion near the end of Early Cretaceous time, the area of present-day south-central Texas was again submerged during the Late Cretaceous by a marine transgression resulting in deposition of the Georgetown Formation of the Washita Group.

The Early Cretaceous Edwards Group, which overlies the Trinity Group, is composed of mudstone to boundstone, dolomitic limestone, argillaceous limestone, evaporite, shale, and chert. The Kainer Formation is subdivided into (bottom to top) the basal nodular, dolomitic, Kirschberg Evaporite, and grainstone members. The Person Formation is subdivided into (bottom to top) the regional dense, leached and collapsed (undivided), and cyclic and marine (undivided) members.

Hydrostratigraphically the rocks exposed in the study area represent a section of the upper confining unit to the Edwards aquifer, the Edwards aquifer, the upper zone of the Trinity aquifer, and the middle zone of the Trinity aquifer. The Pecan Gap Formation (Taylor Group), Austin Group, Eagle Ford Group, Buda Limestone, and Del Rio Clay are generally considered to be the upper confining unit to the Edwards aquifer.

The Edwards aquifer was subdivided into HSUs I to VIII. The Georgetown Formation of the Washita Group contains HSU I. The Person Formation of the Edwards Group contains HSUs II (cyclic and marine members [Kpcm], undivided), III (leached and collapsed members [Kplc,] undivided), and IV (regional dense member [Kprd]), and the Kainer Formation of the Edwards Group contains HSUs V (grainstone member [Kkg]), VI (Kirschberg Evaporite Member [Kkke]), VII (dolomitic member [Kkd]), and VIII (basal nodular member [Kkbn]).

The Trinity aquifer is separated into upper, middle, and lower aquifer units (hereinafter referred to as “zones”). The upper zone of the Trinity aquifer is in the upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone. The middle zone of the Trinity aquifer is formed in the lower member of the Glen Rose Limestone, Hensell Sand, and Cow Creek Limestone. The regionally extensive Hammett Shale forms a confining unit between the middle and lower zones of the Trinity aquifer. The lower zone of the Trinity aquifer consists of the Sligo and Hosston Formations, which do not crop out in the study area.

The upper zone of the Trinity aquifer is subdivided into five informal HSUs (top to bottom): cavernous, Camp Bullis, upper evaporite, fossiliferous, and lower evaporite. The middle zone of the Trinity aquifer is composed of the (top to bottom) Bulverde, Little Blanco, Twin Sisters, Doeppenschmidt, Rust, Honey Creek, Hensell, and Cow Creek HSUs. The underlying Hammett HSU is a regional confining unit between the middle and lower zones of the Trinity aquifer. The lower zone of the Trinity aquifer is not exposed in the study area.

Groundwater recharge and flow paths in the study area are influenced not only by the hydrostratigraphic characteristics of the individual HSUs but also by faults and fractures and geologic structure. Faulting associated with the Balcones fault zone (1) might affect groundwater flow paths by forming a barrier to flow that results in water moving parallel to the fault plane, (2) might affect groundwater flow paths by increasing flow across the fault because of fracturing and juxtaposing porous and permeable units, or (3) might have no effect on the groundwater flow paths.

The hydrologic connection between the Edwards and Trinity aquifers and the various HSUs is complex. The complexity of the aquifer system is a combination of the original depositional history, bioturbation, primary and secondary porosity, diagenesis, and fracturing of the area from faulting. All of these factors have resulted in development of modified porosity, permeability, and transmissivity within and between the aquifers. Faulting produced highly fractured areas that have allowed for rapid infiltration of water and subsequently formed solutionally enhanced fractures, bedding planes, channels, and caves that are highly permeable and transmissive. The juxtaposition resulting from faulting has resulted in areas of interconnectedness between the Edwards and Trinity aquifers and the various HSUs that form the aquifers.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3366","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.K., Golab, J.A., and Morris, R.R., 2016, Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3366, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3366.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 20 p.; Sheet: 48.00 x 36.00 inches; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073371","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331194,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/sim3366_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"805 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3366 Pamphlet"},{"id":331192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":331195,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/sim3366_BexarComalGIS.zip","text":"Appendix 1","size":"19.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3366 Appendix 1"},{"id":331193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/sim3366.pdf","text":"Map","size":"10.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3366"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Comal County, Bexar County","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer, Trinity Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.30017089843749,\n 30.0405664305846\n ],\n [\n -98.65447998046875,\n 29.75364773335698\n ],\n [\n -98.78494262695312,\n 29.72025928058346\n ],\n [\n -98.80691528320311,\n 29.699982298744377\n ],\n [\n -98.80691528320311,\n 29.489815619374962\n ],\n [\n -98.60916137695312,\n 29.48383858387499\n ],\n [\n -98.316650390625,\n 29.597341920567366\n ],\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 29.685666670118724\n ],\n [\n -97.99942016601562,\n 29.757224408272663\n ],\n [\n -98.0364990234375,\n 29.852555290064018\n ],\n [\n -98.30017089843749,\n 30.0405664305846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, Texas 78754–4501

http://tx.usgs.gov/

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-11-28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583d5030e4b0d9329c80c597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":79775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan K.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golab, James A.","contributorId":95374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golab","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, Robert R. 0000-0001-7504-3732","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-3732","contributorId":106213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176940,"text":"ofr20161153 - 2016 - Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain and Susquehanna River basins, New York, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T18:50:44.269309","indexId":"ofr20161153","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-08T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1153","title":"Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain and Susquehanna River basins, New York, 2014","docAbstract":"

In a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, groundwater samples were collected from 6 production wells and 7 domestic wells in the Lake Champlain Basin and from 11 production wells and 9 domestic wells in the Susquehanna River Basin in New York. All samples were collected from June through December 2014 to characterize groundwater quality in these basins. The samples were collected and processed using standard procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey and were analyzed for 148 physiochemical properties and constituents, including dissolved gases, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, radionuclides, and indicator bacteria.

The Lake Champlain Basin study area covers the 3,050 square miles of the basin in northeastern New York; the remaining part of the basin is in Vermont and Canada. Of the 13 wells sampled in the Lake Champlain Basin, 6 are completed in sand and gravel, and 7 are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Lake Champlain Basin was generally of good quality, although properties and concentrations of some constituents— fluoride, iron, manganese, dissolved solids, sodium, radon-222, total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli bacteria—sometimes equaled or exceeded primary, secondary, or proposed drinking-water standards. The constituent most frequently detected in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards (5 of 13 samples) was radon-222.

The Susquehanna River Basin study area covers the entire 4,522 square miles of the basin in south-central New York; the remaining part of the basin is in Pennsylvania. Of the 20 wells sampled in the Susquehanna River Basin, 11 are completed in sand and gravel, and 9 are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Susquehanna River Basin was generally of good quality, although properties and concentrations of some constituents—pH, chloride, sodium, dissolved solids, iron, manganese, aluminum, arsenic, barium, gross-alpha radioactivity, radon-222, methane, total coliform bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria—sometimes equaled or exceeded primary, secondary, or proposed drinking-water standards. As in the Lake Champlain Basin, the constituent most frequently detected in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards (13 of 20 samples) was radon-222.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Dept of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Scott, T.-M., Nystrom, E.A., and Reddy, J.E., 2016, Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain and Susquehanna River basins, New York, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1153, 33 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161153.","productDescription":"viii, 33p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073986","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329702,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1153/ofr20161153_app1.xlsx","text":"Apprendix 1 (MS Excel)","size":"79.1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1153 appendix 1","linkHelpText":"- Water sampling results, 2014"},{"id":329700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1153/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":329703,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1153/ofr20161153_app2.xlsx","text":"Apprendix 2 (MS Excel)","size":"67.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1153 appendix 2","linkHelpText":"- Water sampling results, 2004-05, 2009, and 2014"},{"id":329712,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1153/ofr20161153_app2.zip","text":"Appendix 2 (CSV)","size":"13.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2016-1153 appendix 2","linkHelpText":"- Water sampling results, 2004-05, 2009, and 2014"},{"id":329711,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1153/ofr20161153_app1.zip","text":"Appendix 1 (CSV)","size":"15.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2016-1153 appendix 1","linkHelpText":"- Water sampling results, 2014"},{"id":329701,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1153/ofr20161153.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1153"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-74.04086,40.700117],[-74.037998,40.698995],[-74.044451,40.688445],[-74.046359,40.689175],[-74.04086,40.700117]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.177986,40.519603],[-74.182157,40.520634],[-74.199923,40.511729],[-74.210474,40.509448],[-74.219787,40.502603],[-74.23324,40.501299],[-74.246688,40.496103],[-74.250188,40.496703],[-74.254588,40.502303],[-74.256088,40.507903],[-74.252702,40.513895],[-74.242888,40.520903],[-74.241732,40.531273],[-74.247808,40.543396],[-74.229002,40.555041],[-74.216997,40.554991],[-74.210887,40.560902],[-74.204054,40.589336],[-74.19682,40.597037],[-74.195407,40.601806],[-74.196096,40.616169],[-74.200994,40.616906],[-74.201812,40.619507],[-74.20058,40.631448],[-74.1894,40.642121],[-74.180191,40.645521],[-74.174085,40.645109],[-74.170187,40.642201],[-74.152973,40.638886],[-74.120186,40.642201],[-74.086485,40.648601],[-74.075884,40.648101],[-74.0697,40.641216],[-74.067598,40.623865],[-74.053125,40.603678],[-74.059184,40.593502],[-74.111471,40.546908],[-74.121672,40.542691],[-74.137241,40.530076],[-74.144428,40.53516]]],[[[-72.132225,41.104387],[-72.128352,41.108131],[-72.126704,41.115139],[-72.084207,41.101524],[-72.081167,41.09394],[-72.086975,41.058292],[-72.0972,41.054884],[-72.097136,41.075844],[-72.1064,41.088883],[-72.12056,41.093171],[-72.139233,41.092451],[-72.141921,41.094371],[-72.142929,41.097811],[-72.140737,41.100835],[-72.132225,41.104387]]],[[[-71.943563,41.286675],[-71.926802,41.290122],[-71.935259,41.280579],[-71.978926,41.265002],[-72.002461,41.252867],[-72.036846,41.249794],[-72.029438,41.26309],[-72.018926,41.274114],[-72.006872,41.27348],[-71.991117,41.281331],[-71.980061,41.280291],[-71.943563,41.286675]]],[[[-73.767176,40.886299],[-73.766276,40.881099],[-73.770876,40.879299],[-73.775276,40.882199],[-73.770576,40.888399],[-73.767176,40.886299]]],[[[-73.773361,40.859449],[-73.770552,40.86033],[-73.766333,40.857317],[-73.766032,40.844961],[-73.769648,40.84466],[-73.773038,40.848125],[-73.773361,40.859449]]],[[[-74.027392,44.995765],[-73.874597,45.001223],[-73.639718,45.003464],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.354633,44.987352],[-73.350218,44.976222],[-73.338734,44.965886],[-73.338979,44.917681],[-73.353657,44.907346],[-73.35808,44.901325],[-73.369103,44.86668],[-73.379822,44.857037],[-73.381359,44.845021],[-73.379452,44.83801],[-73.375345,44.836307],[-73.369647,44.829136],[-73.354945,44.8215],[-73.335443,44.804602],[-73.333154,44.788759],[-73.335713,44.782086],[-73.347072,44.772988],[-73.354361,44.755296],[-73.365561,44.741786],[-73.36556,44.700297],[-73.361323,44.695369],[-73.365297,44.687546],[-73.370142,44.684853],[-73.367209,44.678513],[-73.371089,44.67753],[-73.37272,44.668739],[-73.369669,44.663478],[-73.379074,44.656772],[-73.378014,44.653846],[-73.383157,44.645764],[-73.378561,44.641475],[-73.386783,44.636369],[-73.386497,44.626924],[-73.390231,44.618353],[-73.382932,44.612184],[-73.376849,44.599598],[-73.376806,44.595455],[-73.381848,44.589316],[-73.375666,44.582038],[-73.374389,44.575455],[-73.356788,44.557918],[-73.338751,44.548046],[-73.3393,44.544477],[-73.331595,44.535924],[-73.329458,44.529203],[-73.322026,44.525289],[-73.320836,44.513631],[-73.306707,44.500334],[-73.304418,44.485739],[-73.298939,44.471304],[-73.300114,44.454711],[-73.293613,44.440559],[-73.296031,44.428339],[-73.310491,44.402601],[-73.315016,44.388513],[-73.333575,44.372288],[-73.334939,44.364441],[-73.334637,44.356877],[-73.323997,44.333842],[-73.324229,44.310023],[-73.312299,44.280025],[-73.311025,44.27424],[-73.312852,44.265346],[-73.323596,44.243897],[-73.329322,44.244504],[-73.34323,44.238049],[-73.342312,44.234531],[-73.349889,44.230356],[-73.362013,44.208545],[-73.382252,44.197178],[-73.383987,44.193158],[-73.390583,44.190886],[-73.389658,44.181249],[-73.396892,44.173846],[-73.395399,44.166903],[-73.398728,44.162248],[-73.402381,44.145856],[-73.415761,44.132826],[-73.411316,44.112686],[-73.416319,44.099422],[-73.429239,44.079414],[-73.43774,44.045006],[-73.42312,44.032759],[-73.410776,44.026944],[-73.407739,44.021312],[-73.405977,44.011485],[-73.412613,43.97998],[-73.406823,43.967317],[-73.405525,43.948813],[-73.408589,43.932933],[-73.395878,43.903044],[-73.383491,43.890951],[-73.374051,43.875563],[-73.382046,43.855008],[-73.372462,43.846266],[-73.373688,43.84261],[-73.388389,43.832404],[-73.392492,43.820779],[-73.380804,43.810951],[-73.376361,43.798766],[-73.357547,43.785933],[-73.354758,43.776721],[-73.350593,43.771939],[-73.369725,43.744274],[-73.370612,43.725329],[-73.385883,43.711336],[-73.395517,43.696831],[-73.404739,43.690213],[-73.404126,43.681339],[-73.415513,43.65245],[-73.426463,43.642598],[-73.42791,43.634428],[-73.417668,43.621687],[-73.423708,43.612356],[-73.421616,43.603023],[-73.431229,43.588285],[-73.428636,43.583994],[-73.420378,43.581489],[-73.405629,43.571179],[-73.395767,43.568087],[-73.383369,43.57677],[-73.383446,43.596778],[-73.372469,43.604848],[-73.376036,43.612596],[-73.369933,43.619093],[-73.371889,43.624489],[-73.347621,43.622509],[-73.342181,43.62607],[-73.323893,43.627629],[-73.310606,43.624114],[-73.306234,43.628018],[-73.302076,43.624364],[-73.300285,43.610806],[-73.292232,43.60255],[-73.292801,43.593861],[-73.296924,43.587323],[-73.292364,43.585104],[-73.294621,43.57897],[-73.284912,43.579272],[-73.279726,43.574241],[-73.26938,43.571973],[-73.258631,43.564949],[-73.248641,43.553857],[-73.250132,43.543429],[-73.246585,43.541855],[-73.24139,43.532345],[-73.247698,43.523173],[-73.256493,43.259249],[-73.26978,43.035923],[-73.278673,42.83341],[-73.285388,42.834093],[-73.287063,42.82014],[-73.28375,42.813864],[-73.290944,42.80192],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-73.264957,42.74594],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.496879,42.049675],[-73.487314,42.049638],[-73.489615,42.000092],[-73.521041,41.619773],[-73.550961,41.295422],[-73.482709,41.21276],[-73.727775,41.100696],[-73.654671,41.011697],[-73.659372,40.999497],[-73.659671,40.987909],[-73.655972,40.979597],[-73.662072,40.966198],[-73.664472,40.967198],[-73.678073,40.962798],[-73.686473,40.945198],[-73.721739,40.932037],[-73.756776,40.912599],[-73.781338,40.885447],[-73.784803,40.878528],[-73.788786,40.858485],[-73.78806,40.854131],[-73.782174,40.847358],[-73.781206,40.838891],[-73.783867,40.836795],[-73.785399,40.838004],[-73.791044,40.846552],[-73.789512,40.85139],[-73.793785,40.855583],[-73.799543,40.848027],[-73.806914,40.849501],[-73.81281,40.846737],[-73.815205,40.831075],[-73.804518,40.818546],[-73.797332,40.815597],[-73.781369,40.794907],[-73.776032,40.795275],[-73.768431,40.800704],[-73.754032,40.820941],[-73.7544,40.826837],[-73.728275,40.8529],[-73.726675,40.8568],[-73.729575,40.8665],[-73.713674,40.870099],[-73.675573,40.856999],[-73.655872,40.863899],[-73.654372,40.878199],[-73.633771,40.898198],[-73.617571,40.897898],[-73.569969,40.915398],[-73.566169,40.915798],[-73.548068,40.908698],[-73.519267,40.914298],[-73.514999,40.912821],[-73.499941,40.918166],[-73.491765,40.942097],[-73.485365,40.946397],[-73.463708,40.937697],[-73.437509,40.934985],[-73.429863,40.929797],[-73.428836,40.921506],[-73.406074,40.920235],[-73.402963,40.925097],[-73.403462,40.942197],[-73.400862,40.953997],[-73.392862,40.955297],[-73.374462,40.937597],[-73.365961,40.931697],[-73.352761,40.926697],[-73.345561,40.925297],[-73.344161,40.927297],[-73.33136,40.929597],[-73.295061,40.924497],[-73.229285,40.905121],[-73.148994,40.928898],[-73.146242,40.935074],[-73.144673,40.955842],[-73.140785,40.966178],[-73.110368,40.971938],[-73.081582,40.973058],[-73.043701,40.962185],[-73.040445,40.964498],[-72.995931,40.966498],[-72.88825,40.962962],[-72.826057,40.969794],[-72.774104,40.965314],[-72.760031,40.975334],[-72.714425,40.985596],[-72.689341,40.989776],[-72.665018,40.987496],[-72.585327,40.997587],[-72.565406,41.009508],[-72.560974,41.015444],[-72.549853,41.019844],[-72.521548,41.037652],[-72.477306,41.052212],[-72.460778,41.067012],[-72.445242,41.086116],[-72.417945,41.087955],[-72.397,41.096307],[-72.356087,41.133635],[-72.322381,41.140664],[-72.291109,41.155874],[-72.278789,41.158722],[-72.2681,41.154146],[-72.245348,41.161217],[-72.238211,41.15949],[-72.237731,41.156434],[-72.253572,41.137138],[-72.265124,41.128482],[-72.300374,41.112274],[-72.300044,41.132059],[-72.306381,41.13784],[-72.318146,41.137134],[-72.32663,41.132162],[-72.335271,41.120274],[-72.335177,41.106917],[-72.317238,41.088659],[-72.297718,41.081042],[-72.280373,41.080402],[-72.276709,41.076722],[-72.283093,41.067874],[-72.273657,41.051533],[-72.260515,41.042065],[-72.229364,41.044355],[-72.201859,41.032275],[-72.190563,41.032579],[-72.183266,41.035619],[-72.174882,41.046147],[-72.162898,41.053187],[-72.153857,41.051859],[-72.137297,41.039684],[-72.135137,41.031284],[-72.137409,41.023908],[-72.116368,40.999796],[-72.10216,40.991509],[-72.095456,40.991349],[-72.083039,40.996453],[-72.076175,41.009093],[-72.061448,41.009442],[-72.057934,41.004789],[-72.051585,41.006437],[-72.049526,41.009697],[-72.051928,41.020506],[-72.047468,41.022565],[-72.035792,41.020759],[-72.015013,41.028348],[-71.99926,41.039669],[-71.96704,41.047772],[-71.961078,41.054277],[-71.959595,41.071237],[-71.93825,41.077413],[-71.899256,41.080837],[-71.889543,41.075701],[-71.869558,41.075046],[-71.86447,41.076918],[-71.857494,41.073558],[-71.856214,41.070598],[-71.87391,41.052278],[-71.903736,41.040166],[-71.935689,41.034182],[-72.029357,40.999909],[-72.114448,40.972085],[-72.39585,40.86666],[-72.469996,40.84274],[-72.753112,40.763571],[-72.768152,40.761587],[-72.863164,40.732962],[-73.054963,40.666371],[-73.20844,40.630884],[-73.262106,40.621476],[-73.306396,40.620756],[-73.319257,40.635795],[-73.351465,40.6305],[-73.391967,40.617501],[-73.450369,40.603501],[-73.562372,40.583703],[-73.610873,40.587703],[-73.646674,40.582804],[-73.754776,40.584404],[-73.753349,40.59056],[-73.774928,40.590759],[-73.834408,40.577201],[-73.878906,40.560888],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-73.932729,40.560266],[-73.935686,40.564914],[-73.95005,40.573363],[-73.991346,40.57035],[-74.002056,40.570623],[-74.012022,40.574528],[-74.012996,40.578169],[-74.001591,40.590684],[-74.003281,40.595754],[-74.010926,40.600789],[-74.032856,40.604421],[-74.03959,40.612934],[-74.042412,40.624847],[-74.038336,40.637074],[-74.032066,40.646479],[-74.018272,40.659019],[-74.020467,40.67877],[-74.024827,40.687007],[-74.01849,40.695457],[-74.0168,40.701794],[-74.019526,40.706985],[-74.024543,40.709436],[-74.013784,40.756601],[-73.963182,40.8269],[-73.953982,40.848],[-73.929006,40.889578],[-73.896479,40.981697],[-73.893979,40.997197],[-73.90501,40.997591],[-74.18239,41.121595],[-74.301994,41.172594],[-74.457584,41.248225],[-74.696398,41.357339],[-74.689767,41.361558],[-74.691129,41.367324],[-74.708458,41.378901],[-74.715979,41.392584],[-74.73364,41.396975],[-74.740963,41.40512],[-74.741086,41.411413],[-74.734731,41.422699],[-74.738455,41.430641],[-74.743821,41.430635],[-74.758587,41.423287],[-74.773239,41.426352],[-74.790417,41.42166],[-74.795396,41.42398],[-74.801225,41.4381],[-74.807582,41.442847],[-74.817995,41.440505],[-74.826031,41.431736],[-74.830671,41.430503],[-74.836915,41.431625],[-74.858578,41.444427],[-74.888691,41.438259],[-74.893913,41.43893],[-74.896399,41.442179],[-74.889075,41.451245],[-74.890358,41.455324],[-74.906887,41.461131],[-74.909181,41.472436],[-74.912517,41.475605],[-74.924092,41.477138],[-74.932585,41.482323],[-74.941798,41.483542],[-74.95826,41.476396],[-74.983341,41.480894],[-74.985595,41.485863],[-74.982168,41.498486],[-74.984372,41.506611],[-74.987645,41.508738],[-75.003151,41.508101],[-75.000911,41.519292],[-75.00385,41.524052],[-75.014919,41.531399],[-75.024206,41.534018],[-75.024798,41.539801],[-75.016144,41.544246],[-75.018524,41.551802],[-75.027343,41.563541],[-75.04049,41.569688],[-75.04676,41.583258],[-75.060012,41.590813],[-75.074613,41.605711],[-75.071667,41.609501],[-75.059725,41.610801],[-75.061675,41.615468],[-75.060098,41.617482],[-75.05385,41.618655],[-75.048385,41.615986],[-75.044224,41.617978],[-75.043562,41.62364],[-75.048658,41.633781],[-75.04992,41.662556],[-75.059332,41.67232],[-75.051285,41.679961],[-75.052736,41.688393],[-75.059829,41.699716],[-75.06883,41.708161],[-75.06663,41.712588],[-75.052226,41.711396],[-75.049862,41.713309],[-75.054818,41.735168],[-75.053431,41.752538],[-75.060759,41.764638],[-75.075942,41.771518],[-75.095451,41.768366],[-75.10099,41.769121],[-75.10464,41.774203],[-75.101463,41.787941],[-75.092876,41.796386],[-75.076889,41.798509],[-75.072168,41.808327],[-75.072172,41.813732],[-75.078063,41.815112],[-75.089484,41.811576],[-75.100024,41.818347],[-75.113334,41.822782],[-75.115147,41.827285],[-75.113369,41.840698],[-75.115598,41.844638],[-75.130983,41.845145],[-75.140241,41.852078],[-75.152898,41.848564],[-75.161541,41.849836],[-75.168733,41.859258],[-75.168053,41.867043],[-75.170565,41.871608],[-75.176633,41.872371],[-75.185254,41.85993],[-75.194382,41.867287],[-75.204002,41.869867],[-75.21497,41.867449],[-75.223734,41.857456],[-75.231612,41.859459],[-75.241134,41.867118],[-75.251197,41.86204],[-75.260527,41.8638],[-75.263815,41.870757],[-75.257564,41.877108],[-75.260623,41.883783],[-75.271292,41.88736],[-75.272778,41.897112],[-75.267773,41.901971],[-75.267562,41.907054],[-75.276552,41.922208],[-75.279094,41.938917],[-75.289383,41.942891],[-75.293713,41.954593],[-75.300409,41.953871],[-75.301233,41.9489],[-75.303966,41.948216],[-75.312817,41.950182],[-75.318168,41.954236],[-75.32004,41.960867],[-75.329318,41.968232],[-75.342204,41.972872],[-75.337602,41.9867],[-75.341125,41.992772],[-75.359579,41.999445],[-76.343722,41.998346],[-76.920784,42.001774],[-77.124693,41.999395],[-77.83203,41.998524],[-78.12473,42.000452],[-78.874759,41.997559],[-79.761374,41.999067],[-79.761951,42.26986],[-79.717825,42.284711],[-79.645358,42.315631],[-79.546262,42.363417],[-79.474794,42.404291],[-79.453533,42.411157],[-79.429119,42.42838],[-79.405458,42.453281],[-79.381943,42.466491],[-79.351989,42.48892],[-79.331483,42.489076],[-79.31774,42.499884],[-79.283364,42.511228],[-79.264624,42.523159],[-79.242889,42.531757],[-79.193232,42.545881],[-79.148723,42.553672],[-79.138569,42.564462],[-79.12963,42.589824],[-79.121921,42.594234],[-79.113713,42.605994],[-79.111361,42.613358],[-79.078761,42.640058],[-79.073261,42.639958],[-79.06376,42.644758],[-79.062261,42.668358],[-79.04886,42.689158],[-79.01886,42.701558],[-78.991159,42.705358],[-78.944158,42.731958],[-78.918157,42.737258],[-78.868556,42.770258],[-78.853455,42.783958],[-78.851355,42.791758],[-78.856456,42.800258],[-78.859356,42.800658],[-78.863656,42.813058],[-78.865656,42.826758],[-78.860445,42.83511],[-78.859456,42.841358],[-78.865592,42.852358],[-78.872227,42.853306],[-78.882557,42.867258],[-78.891655,42.884845],[-78.912458,42.886557],[-78.905758,42.899957],[-78.905659,42.923357],[-78.909159,42.933257],[-78.918859,42.946857],[-78.93236,42.955857],[-78.961761,42.957756],[-78.975062,42.968756],[-79.011563,42.985256],[-79.019964,42.994756],[-79.02092,43.014287],[-79.011764,43.028956],[-79.005164,43.047056],[-79.00545,43.057231],[-79.01053,43.064389],[-79.074467,43.077855],[-79.074678,43.083141],[-79.064754,43.093205],[-79.060281,43.105086],[-79.062518,43.120182],[-79.060206,43.124799],[-79.044066,43.138055],[-79.042366,43.143655],[-79.046567,43.162355],[-79.053067,43.173655],[-79.050744,43.197417],[-79.055868,43.238554],[-79.061388,43.251349],[-79.070469,43.262454],[-79.019848,43.273686],[-78.971866,43.281254],[-78.836261,43.318455],[-78.777759,43.327055],[-78.747158,43.334555],[-78.696856,43.341255],[-78.634346,43.357624],[-78.547395,43.369541],[-78.488857,43.374763],[-78.473099,43.370812],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-78.358711,43.373988],[-78.233609,43.36907],[-78.145195,43.37551],[-78.104509,43.375628],[-78.023609,43.366575],[-77.995591,43.365293],[-77.976438,43.369159],[-77.965238,43.368059],[-77.922736,43.35696],[-77.904836,43.35696],[-77.875335,43.34966],[-77.797381,43.339857],[-77.760231,43.341161],[-77.756931,43.337361],[-77.714129,43.323561],[-77.701429,43.308261],[-77.660359,43.282998],[-77.628315,43.271303],[-77.577223,43.243263],[-77.551022,43.235763],[-77.534184,43.234569],[-77.50092,43.250363],[-77.476642,43.254522],[-77.436831,43.265701],[-77.414516,43.269263],[-77.391015,43.276363],[-77.341092,43.280661],[-77.314619,43.28103],[-77.303979,43.27815],[-77.264177,43.277363],[-77.214058,43.284114],[-77.173088,43.281509],[-77.143416,43.287561],[-77.130429,43.285635],[-77.111866,43.287945],[-77.067295,43.280937],[-77.033875,43.271218],[-76.999691,43.271456],[-76.988445,43.2745],[-76.958402,43.270005],[-76.952174,43.270692],[-76.904288,43.291816],[-76.877397,43.292926],[-76.854976,43.298443],[-76.841675,43.305399],[-76.794708,43.309632],[-76.769025,43.318452],[-76.731039,43.343421],[-76.69836,43.344436],[-76.684856,43.352691],[-76.669624,43.366526],[-76.630774,43.413356],[-76.607093,43.423374],[-76.562826,43.448537],[-76.53181,43.460299],[-76.521999,43.468617],[-76.515882,43.471136],[-76.506858,43.469127],[-76.486962,43.47535],[-76.472498,43.492781],[-76.437473,43.509213],[-76.417581,43.521285],[-76.368849,43.525822],[-76.345492,43.513437],[-76.297103,43.51287],[-76.259858,43.524728],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.228701,43.532987],[-76.217958,43.545156],[-76.209853,43.560136],[-76.203473,43.574978],[-76.199138,43.600454],[-76.196596,43.649761],[-76.205436,43.718751],[-76.213205,43.753513],[-76.229268,43.804135],[-76.250135,43.825713],[-76.266977,43.838046],[-76.283307,43.843923],[-76.284481,43.850968],[-76.28272,43.858601],[-76.261584,43.873278],[-76.243384,43.877975],[-76.227485,43.875061],[-76.219313,43.86682],[-76.202257,43.864898],[-76.158249,43.887542],[-76.145506,43.888681],[-76.133267,43.892975],[-76.127285,43.897889],[-76.125023,43.912773],[-76.133697,43.940356],[-76.134296,43.954726],[-76.139086,43.962111],[-76.146072,43.964705],[-76.169802,43.962202],[-76.184874,43.971128],[-76.22805,43.982737],[-76.244439,43.975803],[-76.264294,43.978009],[-76.268706,43.980846],[-76.266733,43.995578],[-76.269672,44.001148],[-76.281928,44.009177],[-76.296755,44.013307],[-76.298962,44.017719],[-76.300222,44.022762],[-76.296986,44.045455],[-76.300532,44.057188],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.360798,44.087644],[-76.366972,44.100409],[-76.363835,44.111696],[-76.355679,44.133258],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-76.286547,44.203773],[-76.245487,44.203669],[-76.206777,44.214543],[-76.191328,44.221244],[-76.164265,44.239603],[-76.161833,44.280777],[-76.130884,44.296635],[-76.118136,44.29485],[-76.111931,44.298031],[-76.097351,44.299547],[-76.045228,44.331724],[-76.000998,44.347534],[-75.978281,44.34688],[-75.970185,44.342835],[-75.94954,44.349129],[-75.929465,44.359603],[-75.922247,44.36568],[-75.912985,44.368084],[-75.871496,44.394839],[-75.82083,44.432244],[-75.807778,44.471644],[-75.76623,44.515851],[-75.662381,44.591934],[-75.618364,44.619637],[-75.505903,44.705081],[-75.477642,44.720224],[-75.423943,44.756329],[-75.413885,44.76889],[-75.397007,44.773471],[-75.387371,44.78003],[-75.372347,44.78311],[-75.346527,44.805563],[-75.333744,44.806378],[-75.306487,44.826144],[-75.30763,44.836813],[-75.26825,44.855119],[-75.255517,44.857651],[-75.241303,44.866958],[-75.228635,44.8679],[-75.218548,44.87554],[-75.203012,44.877548],[-75.142958,44.900237],[-75.133977,44.911838],[-75.105162,44.921193],[-75.096659,44.927067],[-75.066245,44.930174],[-75.059966,44.93457],[-75.027125,44.946568],[-75.005155,44.958402],[-74.999655,44.965921],[-74.99927,44.971638],[-74.992756,44.977449],[-74.972463,44.983402],[-74.907956,44.983359],[-74.900733,44.992754],[-74.887837,45.000046],[-74.861927,45.002771],[-74.834669,45.014683],[-74.826578,45.01585],[-74.799434,45.009132],[-74.793148,45.004647],[-74.768749,45.003893],[-74.760215,44.994946],[-74.74464,44.990577],[-74.731301,44.990422],[-74.722574,44.998062],[-74.702018,45.003322],[-74.683973,44.99969],[-74.667338,45.001648],[-74.661478,44.999592],[-74.45753,44.997032],[-74.335184,44.991905],[-74.146814,44.9915],[-74.027392,44.995765]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"

Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180-8349
http://ny.water.usgs.gov

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-11-04","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ae4b0dee4cc90cbbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Tia-Marie 0000-0002-5677-0544 tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-0544","contributorId":5122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Tia-Marie","email":"tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173841,"text":"sir20165084 - 2016 - Streamflow and estimated loads of phosphorus and dissolved and suspended solids from selected tributaries to Lake Ontario, New York, water years 2012–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T16:36:29.684202","indexId":"sir20165084","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-10T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5084","title":"Streamflow and estimated loads of phosphorus and dissolved and suspended solids from selected tributaries to Lake Ontario, New York, water years 2012–14","docAbstract":"

This report presents results of the evaluation and interpretation of hydrologic and water-quality data collected as part of a cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Streamflow, phosphorus, and solids dissolved and suspended in stream water were the focus of monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey at 10 sites on 9 selected tributaries to Lake Ontario during the period from October 2011 through September 2014. Streamflow yields (flow per unit area) were the highest from the Salmon River Basin due to sustained yields from the Tug Hill aquifer. The Eighteenmile Creek streamflow yields also were high as a result of sustained base flow contributions from a dam just upstream of the U.S. Geological Survey monitoring station at Burt. The lowest streamflow yields were measured in the Honeoye Creek Basin, which reflects a decrease in flow because of withdrawals from Canadice and Hemlock Lakes for the water supply of the City of Rochester. The Eighteenmile Creek and Oak Orchard Creek Basins had relatively high yields due in part to groundwater contributions from the Niagara Escarpment and seasonal releases from the New York State Barge Canal.

Annual constituent yields (load per unit area) of suspended solids, phosphorus, orthophosphate, and dissolved solids were computed to assess the relative contributions and allow direct comparison of loads among the monitored basins. High yields of total suspended solids were attributed to agricultural land use in highly erodible soils at all sites. The Genesee River, Irondequoit Creek, and Honeoye Creek had the highest concentrations and largest mean yields of total suspended solids (165 short tons per square mile [t/mi2], 184 t/mi2, and 89.7 t/mi2, respectively) of the study sites.

Samples from Eighteenmile Creek, Oak Orchard Creek at Kenyonville, and Irondequoit Creek had the highest concentrations and largest mean yields of phosphorus (0.27 t/mi2, 0.26 t/mi2, and 0.20 t/mi2, respectively) and orthophosphate (0.17 t/mi2, 0.13 t/mi2, and 0.04 t/mi2, respectively) of the study sites. These results were attributed to a combination of sources, including discharges from wastewater treatment plants, diversions from the New York State Barge Canal, and manure and fertilizers applied to agricultural land. Yields of phosphorus also were high in the Genesee River Basin (0.17 t/mi2) and were presumably associated with nutrient and sediment transport from agricultural land and from streambank erosion. The Salmon and Black Rivers, which drain a substantial amount of forested land and are influenced by large groundwater discharges, had the lowest concentrations and yields of phosphorus and orthophosphate of the study sites.

Mean annual yields of dissolved solids were the highest in Irondequoit Creek due to a high percentage of urbanized area in the basin and in Oak Orchard Creek at Kenyonville and in Eighteenmile Creek due to groundwater contributions from the Niagara Escarpment. High yields of dissolved solids of 840 t/mi2, 829 t/mi2, and 715 t/mi2, respectively, from these basins can be attributed to seasonal chloride yields associated with use of road deicing salts. The Niagara Escarpment can produce large amounts of dissolved solids from the dissolution of minerals (a continual process reflected in base flow samples). Groundwater inflows in the Salmon River have very low concentrations of dissolved solids due to minimal bedrock interaction along the Tug Hill Plateau and discharge from the Tug Hill sand and gravel aquifer, which has minimal mineralization.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Hayhurst, B.A., Fisher, B.N., and Reddy, J.E., 2016, Streamflow and estimated loads of phosphorus and dissolved and suspended solids from selected tributaries to Lake Ontario, New York, water years 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5084, 34 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165084.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 46 p. Appendixes: 1-2","startPage":"1","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065269","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325295,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/attachments/sir20165084_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2 - Water-quality data - MS Excel","size":"80.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5084"},{"id":325296,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/attachments/sir20165084_appendix2.csv","text":"Appendix 2 - Water-quality data- CSV","size":"45.4 KB cvs","description":"SIR 2016-5084"},{"id":325384,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/attachments/sir20165084_appendix1.csv","text":"Appendix 1 -Streamflow and streamflow yields - CSV","size":"127 KB cvs","description":"SIR 2016-5084"},{"id":325291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325292,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/sir20165084.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5084"},{"id":325293,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5084/attachments/sir20165084_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1 - Streamflow and streamflow yields - MS Excel","size":"328 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5084"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.88732910156249,\n 42.92827401776912\n ],\n [\n -78.9971923828125,\n 42.976520698105546\n ],\n [\n -78.9862060546875,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -78.9532470703125,\n 43.072900581493215\n ],\n [\n -79.03564453124999,\n 43.092960677116295\n ],\n [\n -79.024658203125,\n 43.16111586765961\n ],\n [\n -79.03564453124999,\n 43.28520334369384\n ],\n [\n -79.2059326171875,\n 43.432977075795606\n ],\n [\n -78.6785888671875,\n 43.61619382369188\n ],\n [\n -76.783447265625,\n 43.620170616189924\n ],\n [\n -76.4208984375,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -76.058349609375,\n 44.280604121518145\n ],\n [\n -75.9979248046875,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -76.0089111328125,\n 43.846412964702395\n ],\n [\n -76.1846923828125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -76.2066650390625,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -77.1185302734375,\n 42.25291778330197\n ],\n [\n -78.88732910156249,\n 42.92827401776912\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
30 Brown Road
Ithaca, NY 14850

\n

Or visit our Web site at: http://ny.water.usgs.gov

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-07-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579092a5e4b0ba248d2f2e65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayhurst, Brett A. 0000-0002-1717-2015 bhayhurs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-2015","contributorId":3398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayhurst","given":"Brett","email":"bhayhurs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Benjamin N. bfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":171785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Benjamin N.","email":"bfisher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176593,"text":"sir20165121 - 2016 - The South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T21:12:19.425863","indexId":"sir20165121","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-19T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5121","displayTitle":"The South Carolina Bridge-Scour Envelope Curves","title":"The South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, conducted a series of three field investigations to evaluate historical, riverine bridge scour in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of South Carolina. These investigations included data collected at 231 riverine bridges, which lead to the development of bridge-scour envelope curves for clear-water and live-bed components of scour. The application and limitations of the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves were documented in four reports, each report addressing selected components of bridge scour. The current investigation (2016) synthesizes the findings of these previous reports into a guidance manual providing an integrated procedure for applying the envelope curves. Additionally, the investigation provides limited verification for selected bridge-scour envelope curves by comparing them to field data collected outside of South Carolina from previously published sources. Although the bridge-scour envelope curves have limitations, they are useful supplementary tools for assessing the potential for scour at riverine bridges in South Carolina.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S.T., Feaster, T.D., and Caldwell, A.W., 2016, The South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves (ver. 1.2, April 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5121, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165121.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 96 p; Appendixes: 1-2; Application Site; Database; Version History","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073385","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329026,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163065","text":"Fact Sheet 2016-3065","linkHelpText":"- Assessing Potential Scour Using the South Carolina Bridge-Scour Envelope Curves"},{"id":385096,"rank":7,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/sir20165121_database.xlsx","size":"869 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- The South Carolina Theoretical Bridge Scour Database"},{"id":340758,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/sir20165121_app2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"43.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Estimate of maximum historic flows at selected bridge crossings in South Carolina"},{"id":329079,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/sir20165121_app1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"31.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- South Carolina bridge-scour study sites and reference numbers for figure 1"},{"id":385097,"rank":8,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/coverthb5.jpg"},{"id":344495,"rank":5,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/sir20165121_template-scour-envelope-curve-042418.xlsx","size":"1.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- The South Carolina Bridge-Scour Envelope Curve Template (1.83 MB xlsx) -- Revised and reposted August 3, 2017, because a few modifications were made to the code along with slight changes to the text as deemed appropriate for clarity. Revised and reposted April 30, 2018, because minor modifications were made to the code."},{"id":350417,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/versionHist.txt","size":"1.13 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":329025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/sir20165121.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5121"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.290754,33.110051],[-79.329909,33.089986],[-79.337169,33.072302],[-79.335346,33.065362],[-79.339313,33.050336],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.403712,33.003903],[-79.416515,33.006815],[-79.423447,33.015085],[-79.483499,33.001265],[-79.488727,33.015832],[-79.506923,33.032813],[-79.522449,33.03535],[-79.55756,33.021269],[-79.580725,33.006447],[-79.58659,32.991334],[-79.606615,32.972248],[-79.617611,32.952726],[-79.617715,32.94487],[-79.606194,32.925953],[-79.585897,32.926461],[-79.581687,32.931341],[-79.572614,32.933885],[-79.569762,32.926692],[-79.576006,32.906235],[-79.631149,32.888606],[-79.695141,32.850398],[-79.702956,32.835781],[-79.719879,32.825796],[-79.716761,32.813627],[-79.726389,32.805996],[-79.811021,32.77696],[-79.818237,32.766352],[-79.84035,32.756816],[-79.848527,32.755248],[-79.866742,32.757422],[-79.872232,32.752128],[-79.873605,32.745657],[-79.868352,32.734849],[-79.870336,32.727777],[-79.888028,32.695177],[-79.884961,32.684402],[-79.915682,32.664915],[-79.968468,32.639732],[-79.975248,32.639537],[-79.986917,32.626388],[-79.99175,32.616389],[-79.999374,32.611851],[-80.010505,32.608852],[-80.037276,32.610236],[-80.077039,32.603319],[-80.121368,32.590523],[-80.148406,32.578479],[-80.167286,32.559885],[-80.171764,32.546118],[-80.188401,32.553604],[-80.20523,32.555547],[-80.246361,32.531114],[-80.277681,32.516161],[-80.332438,32.478104],[-80.338354,32.47873],[-80.343883,32.490795],[-80.363956,32.496098],[-80.380716,32.486359],[-80.386827,32.47881],[-80.392561,32.475332],[-80.413487,32.470672],[-80.417896,32.476076],[-80.418502,32.490894],[-80.423454,32.497989],[-80.439407,32.503472],[-80.452078,32.497286],[-80.46571,32.4953],[-80.472068,32.496964],[-80.48025,32.477407],[-80.484617,32.460976],[-80.480156,32.447048],[-80.467588,32.425259],[-80.446075,32.423721],[-80.43296,32.410659],[-80.429941,32.401782],[-80.429291,32.389667],[-80.434303,32.375193],[-80.445451,32.350335],[-80.456814,32.336884],[-80.455192,32.326458],[-80.466342,32.31917],[-80.517871,32.298796],[-80.545688,32.282076],[-80.571096,32.273278],[-80.596394,32.273549],[-80.618286,32.260183],[-80.638857,32.255618],[-80.658634,32.248638],[-80.669166,32.216783],[-80.688857,32.200971],[-80.721463,32.160427],[-80.749091,32.140137],[-80.789996,32.122494],[-80.812503,32.109746],[-80.82153,32.108589],[-80.828394,32.113222],[-80.831531,32.112709],[-80.844431,32.109709],[-80.858735,32.099581],[-80.905378,32.051943],[-80.892344,32.043764],[-80.885517,32.0346],[-80.922794,32.039151],[-80.954482,32.068622],[-80.983133,32.079609],[-80.994333,32.094608],[-81.002297,32.100048],[-81.011961,32.100176],[-81.021622,32.090897],[-81.032674,32.08545],[-81.050234,32.085308],[-81.060442,32.087503],[-81.088234,32.10395],[-81.091498,32.110782],[-81.111134,32.112005],[-81.117234,32.117605],[-81.119994,32.134268],[-81.118334,32.144403],[-81.122034,32.161803],[-81.129634,32.165602],[-81.128134,32.169102],[-81.119434,32.175402],[-81.120434,32.178702],[-81.118234,32.189201],[-81.12315,32.201329],[-81.128283,32.208634],[-81.136012,32.212858],[-81.143139,32.221731],[-81.156587,32.24391],[-81.148334,32.255098],[-81.145834,32.263397],[-81.136534,32.272697],[-81.128034,32.276297],[-81.119633,32.287596],[-81.122333,32.305395],[-81.137633,32.328194],[-81.133032,32.334794],[-81.133632,32.341293],[-81.142532,32.350893],[-81.147632,32.349393],[-81.150589,32.34587],[-81.154,32.345924],[-81.155032,32.350093],[-81.170126,32.361318],[-81.169332,32.369436],[-81.181072,32.380398],[-81.178131,32.38459],[-81.177231,32.39169],[-81.20513,32.423788],[-81.20843,32.435987],[-81.201595,32.44136],[-81.202359,32.450448],[-81.192629,32.456286],[-81.186829,32.464086],[-81.194829,32.465086],[-81.200029,32.467985],[-81.233585,32.498488],[-81.238728,32.508896],[-81.234834,32.512271],[-81.23466,32.51627],[-81.252882,32.51833],[-81.277131,32.535417],[-81.274927,32.544158],[-81.281298,32.55644],[-81.297955,32.563026],[-81.320588,32.559534],[-81.328753,32.561228],[-81.366964,32.577059],[-81.369757,32.591231],[-81.373178,32.592115],[-81.379216,32.589022],[-81.389261,32.595383],[-81.393865,32.60234],[-81.411906,32.61841],[-81.41866,32.629392],[-81.418431,32.634704],[-81.414761,32.63744],[-81.41026,32.631392],[-81.407271,32.631737],[-81.402846,32.63621],[-81.405109,32.64269],[-81.393033,32.651543],[-81.398314,32.656307],[-81.405273,32.656517],[-81.407193,32.660519],[-81.401029,32.677494],[-81.40831,32.694908],[-81.4131,32.692648],[-81.427517,32.701896],[-81.421194,32.711978],[-81.418542,32.732586],[-81.411549,32.740145],[-81.410281,32.744653],[-81.416198,32.750428],[-81.415212,32.757753],[-81.417606,32.762684],[-81.426481,32.769023],[-81.425636,32.77184],[-81.421269,32.774658],[-81.421128,32.778039],[-81.428313,32.78311],[-81.429017,32.785505],[-81.424999,32.790334],[-81.423772,32.810514],[-81.419752,32.813731],[-81.417984,32.818196],[-81.421614,32.835178],[-81.426475,32.840773],[-81.444866,32.850967],[-81.451199,32.847925],[-81.453949,32.849761],[-81.455978,32.854107],[-81.451351,32.868583],[-81.45392,32.874074],[-81.475918,32.877641],[-81.479445,32.881082],[-81.4771,32.887469],[-81.464069,32.897814],[-81.479184,32.905638],[-81.483198,32.921802],[-81.502427,32.935353],[-81.502716,32.938688],[-81.499446,32.944988],[-81.507045,32.951194],[-81.508536,32.957156],[-81.506449,32.962423],[-81.49983,32.963816],[-81.494736,32.978998],[-81.491197,32.997824],[-81.492253,33.009342],[-81.50203,33.015113],[-81.511245,33.027786],[-81.519632,33.029181],[-81.538789,33.039185],[-81.544258,33.046905],[-81.553643,33.044137],[-81.557013,33.0451],[-81.559179,33.047386],[-81.560502,33.055207],[-81.57288,33.05418],[-81.588539,33.07085],[-81.594555,33.069887],[-81.599248,33.071813],[-81.600211,33.075182],[-81.598165,33.081078],[-81.601655,33.084688],[-81.608995,33.0818],[-81.609476,33.089862],[-81.612725,33.093953],[-81.617779,33.095277],[-81.637232,33.092952],[-81.646433,33.094552],[-81.658433,33.103152],[-81.683533,33.112651],[-81.696934,33.116551],[-81.704634,33.116451],[-81.743835,33.14145],[-81.763135,33.159449],[-81.766735,33.170749],[-81.772435,33.180449],[-81.765735,33.187948],[-81.760635,33.189248],[-81.756935,33.197848],[-81.763535,33.203648],[-81.768935,33.217447],[-81.774035,33.221147],[-81.780135,33.221147],[-81.777535,33.211347],[-81.784535,33.208147],[-81.805236,33.211447],[-81.807936,33.213747],[-81.809636,33.222647],[-81.827936,33.228746],[-81.837016,33.237652],[-81.846536,33.241746],[-81.851979,33.247382],[-81.853137,33.250745],[-81.847336,33.266345],[-81.840078,33.26704],[-81.838257,33.272975],[-81.844036,33.278644],[-81.851836,33.283544],[-81.861336,33.286244],[-81.863236,33.288844],[-81.861536,33.297944],[-81.849636,33.299544],[-81.846136,33.303843],[-81.847296,33.306783],[-81.867936,33.314043],[-81.875836,33.307443],[-81.884137,33.310443],[-81.886637,33.316943],[-81.897329,33.322331],[-81.896937,33.327642],[-81.900301,33.331117],[-81.906444,33.324181],[-81.909285,33.324181],[-81.919137,33.334442],[-81.917973,33.34159],[-81.924737,33.345341],[-81.932737,33.343541],[-81.939737,33.344941],[-81.934837,33.356041],[-81.944737,33.364041],[-81.946337,33.37064],[-81.939637,33.37254],[-81.930634,33.368165],[-81.925737,33.37114],[-81.924837,33.37414],[-81.930861,33.380076],[-81.936961,33.404197],[-81.92306,33.408266],[-81.920121,33.410753],[-81.91933,33.415613],[-81.924893,33.419307],[-81.927241,33.422846],[-81.926789,33.426576],[-81.924981,33.429288],[-81.916236,33.433114],[-81.913356,33.437418],[-81.913532,33.441274],[-81.926336,33.462937],[-81.934136,33.468337],[-81.985938,33.486536],[-81.990938,33.494235],[-81.991938,33.504435],[-82.001338,33.520135],[-82.007138,33.522835],[-82.011538,33.531735],[-82.019838,33.535035],[-82.028238,33.544934],[-82.033023,33.546454],[-82.037375,33.554662],[-82.046335,33.56383],[-82.057727,33.566774],[-82.073104,33.57751],[-82.094128,33.582742],[-82.10624,33.595637],[-82.115328,33.596501],[-82.12908,33.589925],[-82.142872,33.594278],[-82.148816,33.598092],[-82.156288,33.60863],[-82.174351,33.613117],[-82.186154,33.62088],[-82.196583,33.630582],[-82.201186,33.646898],[-82.200718,33.66464],[-82.208411,33.669872],[-82.216868,33.6844],[-82.234576,33.700216],[-82.237192,33.70788],[-82.235753,33.71439],[-82.239098,33.730872],[-82.247472,33.752591],[-82.255267,33.75969],[-82.263206,33.761962],[-82.266127,33.766745],[-82.277681,33.772032],[-82.285804,33.780058],[-82.298286,33.783518],[-82.300213,33.800627],[-82.313339,33.809205],[-82.32448,33.820033],[-82.346933,33.834298],[-82.371775,33.843813],[-82.37975,33.851086],[-82.395736,33.859089],[-82.403881,33.865477],[-82.422803,33.863754],[-82.43115,33.867051],[-82.440503,33.875123],[-82.455105,33.88165],[-82.480111,33.901897],[-82.492929,33.909754],[-82.50764,33.931456],[-82.51295,33.936969],[-82.524515,33.94336],[-82.534111,33.943651],[-82.543128,33.940949],[-82.556835,33.945353],[-82.564531,33.955741],[-82.568288,33.968772],[-82.579576,33.979761],[-82.580571,33.98514],[-82.575351,33.990904],[-82.576222,33.993106],[-82.583394,33.995286],[-82.589245,34.000118],[-82.595655,34.016118],[-82.594555,34.028717],[-82.609655,34.039917],[-82.626963,34.063457],[-82.630972,34.065528],[-82.635991,34.064941],[-82.64398,34.072237],[-82.645661,34.076046],[-82.640345,34.086304],[-82.641553,34.092212],[-82.648184,34.098649],[-82.658561,34.103118],[-82.666879,34.113591],[-82.668113,34.12016],[-82.67732,34.131657],[-82.68629,34.134454],[-82.692152,34.138986],[-82.70414,34.141007],[-82.717507,34.150504],[-82.723312,34.165895],[-82.731881,34.178363],[-82.732761,34.195338],[-82.74192,34.210063],[-82.740447,34.219679],[-82.744415,34.224913],[-82.74198,34.230196],[-82.744834,34.242957],[-82.744056,34.252407],[-82.748756,34.263407],[-82.746656,34.266407],[-82.755028,34.276067],[-82.770928,34.285402],[-82.780308,34.296701],[-82.781752,34.302901],[-82.78684,34.310381],[-82.794054,34.339772],[-82.835004,34.366069],[-82.836611,34.382676],[-82.841524,34.39013],[-82.841326,34.397332],[-82.847446,34.412049],[-82.848651,34.423844],[-82.854434,34.432275],[-82.855762,34.443977],[-82.860874,34.451469],[-82.860707,34.457428],[-82.875463,34.463503],[-82.876464,34.465803],[-82.873831,34.471508],[-82.876864,34.475303],[-82.902665,34.485902],[-82.922866,34.481402],[-82.928466,34.484202],[-82.940867,34.486102],[-82.947367,34.479602],[-82.954667,34.477302],[-82.960668,34.482002],[-82.979568,34.482702],[-82.992215,34.479198],[-82.995279,34.475648],[-82.99509,34.472483],[-83.002924,34.472132],[-83.029315,34.484147],[-83.034712,34.483495],[-83.043771,34.488816],[-83.054463,34.50289],[-83.069451,34.502131],[-83.087189,34.515939],[-83.077995,34.523746],[-83.087789,34.532078],[-83.102179,34.532179],[-83.103987,34.540166],[-83.122901,34.560129],[-83.129676,34.561699],[-83.152577,34.578299],[-83.154577,34.588198],[-83.170278,34.592398],[-83.169994,34.605444],[-83.179439,34.60802],[-83.196979,34.605998],[-83.199779,34.608398],[-83.211598,34.610905],[-83.23178,34.611297],[-83.243381,34.617997],[-83.240676,34.624307],[-83.255281,34.637696],[-83.271982,34.641896],[-83.292883,34.654196],[-83.300848,34.66247],[-83.301477,34.666582],[-83.304641,34.669561],[-83.316401,34.669316],[-83.321463,34.677543],[-83.330284,34.681342],[-83.336207,34.680534],[-83.33869,34.682002],[-83.340383,34.688998],[-83.349975,34.699155],[-83.347718,34.705474],[-83.352485,34.715993],[-83.353238,34.728648],[-83.348829,34.737194],[-83.338666,34.742295],[-83.320062,34.759616],[-83.319945,34.773725],[-83.323866,34.789712],[-83.313782,34.799911],[-83.301182,34.804008],[-83.302395,34.813241],[-83.294292,34.814725],[-83.289914,34.824477],[-83.275656,34.816862],[-83.268159,34.821393],[-83.267293,34.832748],[-83.269982,34.837196],[-83.267656,34.845289],[-83.254605,34.846402],[-83.252582,34.853483],[-83.24722,34.85844],[-83.245602,34.865522],[-83.240847,34.866736],[-83.238419,34.869771],[-83.239081,34.875661],[-83.22924,34.879907],[-83.220099,34.878124],[-83.213323,34.882796],[-83.205627,34.880142],[-83.201183,34.884653],[-83.204572,34.890284],[-83.203351,34.893717],[-83.186541,34.899534],[-83.168524,34.91788],[-83.160937,34.918269],[-83.153253,34.926342],[-83.140621,34.924915],[-83.130554,34.930932],[-83.129493,34.937402],[-83.121112,34.939129],[-83.121214,34.942684],[-83.126761,34.948742],[-83.127035,34.953778],[-83.12114,34.958966],[-83.120387,34.968406],[-83.106991,34.98272],[-83.1046,34.992783],[-83.108535,35.000771],[-82.787867,35.085024],[-82.783283,35.0856],[-82.776357,35.081349],[-82.781973,35.066817],[-82.777376,35.064143],[-82.764464,35.068177],[-82.757704,35.068019],[-82.754162,35.069629],[-82.749491,35.078487],[-82.738379,35.079453],[-82.729683,35.087827],[-82.72701,35.094142],[-82.715297,35.092943],[-82.703916,35.097651],[-82.694898,35.098456],[-82.688456,35.106347],[-82.691194,35.114721],[-82.68604,35.124545],[-82.683625,35.125833],[-82.676861,35.12535],[-82.669614,35.118103],[-82.662381,35.118123],[-82.642237,35.129215],[-82.629031,35.126155],[-82.621185,35.134635],[-82.609706,35.139039],[-82.59814,35.137729],[-82.59243,35.139002],[-82.588158,35.142928],[-82.578316,35.142104],[-82.569912,35.145268],[-82.563767,35.151575],[-82.556168,35.151736],[-82.554227,35.156911],[-82.550508,35.159498],[-82.540483,35.160306],[-82.529973,35.155617],[-82.521403,35.158851],[-82.516044,35.163442],[-82.495506,35.164312],[-82.483937,35.173798],[-82.476136,35.175486],[-82.467991,35.174633],[-82.460092,35.178143],[-82.455609,35.177425],[-82.452987,35.17469],[-82.451201,35.16526],[-82.439595,35.165863],[-82.435689,35.167715],[-82.424461,35.193092],[-82.419744,35.198613],[-82.403348,35.204473],[-82.39293,35.215402],[-82.384029,35.210542],[-82.378744,35.198053],[-82.380903,35.189565],[-82.376808,35.184427],[-82.371298,35.181449],[-82.364299,35.184725],[-82.361469,35.190831],[-82.344554,35.193115],[-82.340133,35.189188],[-82.333934,35.190661],[-82.330779,35.189032],[-82.330549,35.186767],[-82.32335,35.184789],[-82.315871,35.190678],[-82.295354,35.194965],[-82.288453,35.198605],[-82.27492,35.200071],[-82.176874,35.19379],[-81.716259,35.178852],[-81.241686,35.160081],[-81.043625,35.149877],[-81.047826,35.143743],[-81.051037,35.131654],[-81.038968,35.126299],[-81.033005,35.113747],[-81.032806,35.108049],[-81.037369,35.102541],[-81.046524,35.100617],[-81.052078,35.096276],[-81.057236,35.086129],[-81.058029,35.07319],[-81.057648,35.062433],[-81.041489,35.044703],[-80.93495,35.107409],[-80.884887,35.05351],[-80.782042,34.935782],[-80.797543,34.819786],[-80.499788,34.817261],[-79.870693,34.805378],[-79.675299,34.804744],[-79.358317,34.545358],[-79.249763,34.449774],[-78.541087,33.851112],[-78.553944,33.847831],[-78.584841,33.844282],[-78.67226,33.817587],[-78.714116,33.800138],[-78.772737,33.768511],[-78.812931,33.743472],[-78.862931,33.705654],[-78.938076,33.639826],[-79.007356,33.566565],[-79.028516,33.533365],[-79.084588,33.483669],[-79.10136,33.461016],[-79.135441,33.403867],[-79.147496,33.378243],[-79.152035,33.350925],[-79.158429,33.332811],[-79.162332,33.327246],[-79.180318,33.254141],[-79.180563,33.237955],[-79.172394,33.206577],[-79.18787,33.173712],[-79.195631,33.166016],[-79.215453,33.155569],[-79.238262,33.137055],[-79.24609,33.124865],[-79.290754,33.110051]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: September 30, 2016; Version 1.1: January 10, 2018; Version 1.2: April 15, 2021","contact":"

Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-30","revisedDate":"2021-04-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63be4b0bc0bec09c83a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":174044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":138690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral W.","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170858,"text":"ds996 - 2016 - Digital elevations and extents of regional hydrogeologic units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T17:05:54.538628","indexId":"ds996","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-18T12:16:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"996","displayTitle":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","title":"Digital elevations and extents of regional hydrogeologic units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","docAbstract":"

Digital geospatial datasets of the extents and top elevations of the regional hydrogeologic units of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to northeastern North Carolina were developed to provide an updated hydrogeologic framework to support analysis of groundwater resources. The 19 regional hydrogeologic units were delineated by elevation grids and extent polygons for 20 layers: the land and bathymetric surface at the top of the unconfined surficial aquifer, the upper surfaces of 9 confined aquifers and 9 confining units, and the bedrock surface that defines the base of all Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments. The delineation of the regional hydrogeologic units relied on the interpretive work from source reports for New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina rather than from re-analysis of fundamental hydrogeologic data. This model of regional hydrogeologic unit geometries represents interpolation, extrapolation, and generalization of the earlier interpretive work. Regional units were constructed from available digital data layers from the source studies in order to extend units consistently across political boundaries and approximate units in offshore areas.

Though many of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain hydrogeologic units may extend eastward as far as the edge of the Atlantic Continental Shelf, the modeled boundaries of all regional hydrogeologic units in this study were clipped to an area approximately defined by the furthest offshore extent of fresh to brackish water in any part of the aquifer system, as indicated by chloride concentrations of 10,000 milligrams per liter. Elevations and extents of units that do not exist onshore in Long Island, New York, were not included north of New Jersey. Hydrogeologic units in North Carolina were included primarily to provide continuity across the Virginia-North Carolina State boundary, which was important for defining the southern edge of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain study area.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds996","usgsCitation":"Pope, J.P., Andreasen, D.C., McFarland, E.R., and Watt, M.K., 2016, Digital elevations and extents of regional hydrogeologic units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina (ver. 1.1, December 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 996, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds996.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069216","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326342,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165076","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076","linkHelpText":"- Documentation of a Groundwater Flow Model Developed To Assess Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326339,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046","linkHelpText":"- Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System"},{"id":326341,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165034","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034","linkHelpText":"- Regional Chloride Distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326340,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1829","text":"Professional Paper 1829","linkHelpText":"- Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":381387,"rank":10,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0996/versionHist.txt","size":"810 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":327887,"rank":9,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program"},{"id":326873,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":326872,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"},{"id":326337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0996/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":326338,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0996/ds996.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 996"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -75.78369140625,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -78.02490234375,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: August 31, 2016; Version 1.1: December 17, 2020","contact":"

Water Availability and Use Science Program
U.S. Geological Survey
150 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
https://www.usgs.gov/water-resources/water
-availability-and-use-science-program/

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-08-31","revisedDate":"2020-12-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1a7e4b0f2f0cebf11a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andreasen, David C.","contributorId":59003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"David C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mcfarland, E. Randolph ermcfarl@usgs.gov","contributorId":169191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcfarland","given":"E. Randolph","email":"ermcfarl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watt, Martha K. 0000-0001-5651-3428 mwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-3428","contributorId":3275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Martha","email":"mwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160099,"text":"ofr20151208 - 2016 - Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–15","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70160099,"text":"ofr20151208 - 2016 - Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–15","indexId":"ofr20151208","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"title":"Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–15"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70209180,"text":"ofr20201031 - 2020 - Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–18","indexId":"ofr20201031","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–18"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70209180,"text":"ofr20201031 - 2020 - Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–18","indexId":"ofr20201031","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–18"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-15T11:40:23.211242","indexId":"ofr20151208","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-15T07:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1208","title":"Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–15","docAbstract":"

The North Carolina Turnpike Authority, a division of the North Carolina Department of Transportation, is planning to make transportation improvements in the Currituck Sound area by constructing a two-lane bridge from U.S. Highway 158 just south of Coinjock, North Carolina, to State Highway 12 on the Outer Banks just south of Corolla, North Carolina. The results of the Final Environmental Impact Study associated with the bridge and existing roadway improvements indicated potential water-quality and habitat impacts to Currituck Sound related to stormwater runoff, altered light levels, introduction of piles as hard substrate, and localized turbidity and siltation during construction.

\n

The primary objective of this initial study phase was to establish baseline water-quality conditions and bed-sediment chemistry of Currituck Sound in the vicinity of the planned alignment of the Mid-Currituck Bridge. These data will be used to evaluate the impacts associated with the bridge construction and bridge deck stormwater runoff. Between 2011 and 2015, discrete water-quality samples were collected monthly and after selected storm events from five locations in Currituck Sound. The sampling locations were distributed along the proposed alignment of the Mid-Currituck Bridge. Water samples were analyzed for physical parameters and water-quality constituents associated with bridge deck stormwater runoff and important in identifying impaired waters designated as “SC” (saltwater-aquatic life propagation/ protection and secondary recreation) under North Carolina’s water-quality classifications. Bed-sediment chemistry was also measured three times during the study at the five sampling locations. Continuous water-level and wind speed and direction data in Currituck Sound were also collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during the study period.

\n

For the water samples, measured concentrations were greater than water-quality thresholds on 52 occasions. In addition, there were 190 occurrences of censored results having a reporting level higher than specific thresholds. All 52 occurrences of concentrations greater than water-quality thresholds were confined to seven different physical properties or constituents, namely pH (25), turbidity (8), total recoverable chromium (6), total recoverable copper (6), dissolved copper (3), total recoverable mercury (2), and total recoverable nickel (2). Concentrations of 17 other constituents were never measured to be greater than their established water-quality thresholds during the study.

\n

The focus of the water-quality characterization was on concentrations of constituents identified as parameters of concern in a 2011 collaborative U.S. Geological Survey/North Carolina Department of Transportation study that characterized bridge deck stormwater runoff across North Carolina. The occurrence and distribution of parameters of concern identified in the 2011 study, including pH, nutrients, total recoverable and dissolved metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and some additional pertinent physical properties (dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and turbidity), were analyzed in water and bed-sediment samples. Statistical differences were identified between monthly and storm samples for the following physical properties and constituents: pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, turbidity, Escherichia coli bacteria, total recoverable aluminum, and total recoverable iron. Seasonality was observed in pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, and total recoverable aluminum, arsenic, iron, lead, and manganese during the study period. The volume and residence time of the water in Currituck Sound are such that the water chemistry is relatively uniform spatially, but variable temporally.

\n

One of the most variable constituents in bed sediments was the fraction of fines, those sediments less than 63 micrometers in diameter. Because most, if not all, of the measured constituents were presumably associated with this fraction, bulk-sediment concentrations are determined largely by the amount of fines present. Only four constituents were greater than bed-sediment thresholds: tin (5 samples), barium (4 samples), aluminum (2 samples), and diethyl phthalate (1 sample). The occurrences of concentrations being greater than referenced thresholds could be underestimated for diethyl phthalate, because the reporting level exceeded the threshold  in nine samples. Thirty-five constituents had sampled concentrations that were never greater than quality thresholds, although 21 of these constituents (154 instances) had at least one sample with a reporting level that was greater than the corresponding threshold. Finally, 33 constituents had no quality thresholds.

\n

This study and previous studies of bed-sediment quality in Currituck Sound, although few, indicate that sedimentation in Currituck Sound near the proposed alignment of the MidCurrituck Bridge is characterized overall by low and transient input, frequent wind-driven resuspension, and little long-term deposition of fines. To the extent that it might alter water depths along the alignment, bridge construction might also alter the deposition and resuspension rates of fine sediments in Currituck Sound in the vicinity of the bridge.

\n

The characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment chemistry in Currituck Sound along the proposed alignment of the Mid-Currituck Bridge summarized herein provides a baseline for determining the effect of bridge construction and bridge deck runoff on environmental conditions in Currituck Sound.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151208","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Turnpike Authority","usgsCitation":"Wagner, Chad, Fitzgerald, Sharon, and Antolino, Dominick, 2016, Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–15 (ver. 1.1, July 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1208, 84 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151208.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 84 p.; 2 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066575","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324820,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1208//versionHist.txt","size":"1.11 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1208"},{"id":312524,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1208/ofr20151208_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"38.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1208"},{"id":312523,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1208/ofr20151208_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"285 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1208"},{"id":312522,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1208/ofr20151208.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1208"},{"id":312521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1208/coverthb1.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Currituck Sound, Mid-Currituck Bridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.4,\n 35.7\n ],\n [\n -76.4,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -75.4,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -75.4,\n 35.7\n ],\n [\n -76.4,\n 35.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1:Originally posted December 24, 2015; Version 1.1: July 8, 2016;","publicComments":"Open-File Report 2015-1208 is superseded by Open-File Report 2020-1031","contact":"

Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-12-24","revisedDate":"2016-07-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567d172fe4b0a04ef4920888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Sharon 0000-0002-6288-867X safitzge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6288-867X","contributorId":139701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Sharon","email":"safitzge@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antolino, Dominick J. 0000-0001-7838-5279 dantolin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-5279","contributorId":5428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antolino","given":"Dominick","email":"dantolin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70161937,"text":"sir20155189 - 2016 - Nutrient, organic carbon, and chloride concentrations and loads in selected Long Island Sound tributaries—Four decades of change following the passage of the Federal Clean Water Act","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-10T10:02:48","indexId":"sir20155189","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-10T11:10:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5189","title":"Nutrient, organic carbon, and chloride concentrations and loads in selected Long Island Sound tributaries—Four decades of change following the passage of the Federal Clean Water Act","docAbstract":"

Trends in long-term water-quality and streamflow data from 14 water-quality monitoring sites in Connecticut were evaluated for water years 1974–2013 and 2001–13, coinciding with implementation of the Clean Water Act of 1972 and the Connecticut Nitrogen Credit Exchange program, as part of an assessment of nutrient and chloride concentrations and loads discharged to Long Island Sound. In this study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, data were evaluated using a recently developed methodology of weighted regressions with time, streamflow, and season. Trends in streamflow were evaluated using a locally weighted scatterplot smoothing method. Annual mean streamflow increased at 12 of the 14 sites averaging 8 percent during the entire study period, primarily in the summer months, and increased by an average of 9 percent in water years 2001–13, primarily during summer and fall months. Downward trends in flow-normalized nutrient concentrations and loads were observed during both periods for most sites for total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon. Average flow-normalized loads of total nitrogen decreased by 23.9 percent for the entire period and 10.9 percent for the period of water years 2001‒13. Major factors contributing to decreases in flow-normalized loads and concentrations of these nutrients include improvements in wastewater treatment practices, declining atmospheric wet deposition of nitrogen, and changes in land management and land use.

\n

Loads of dissolved silica (DSi; flow-normalized and non-flow-normalized) increased slightly at most stations during the study period and were positively correlated to urbanized land in the basin and negatively correlated to area of open water. Concentrations and loads of chloride increased at 12 of the 14 sites during both periods. Increases likely are the result of an increase in the use of salt for deicing, as well as other factors related to urbanization and population growth, such as increases in wastewater discharge and discharge from septic systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mullaney, J.R., 2016, Nutrient, organic carbon, and chloride concentrations and loads in selected Long Island Sound tributaries—Four decades of change following the passage of the Federal Clean Water Act: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5189, 47 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155189.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 47 p.; Appendixes: 2.1-2.7","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068448","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318574,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-7.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.7","size":"43 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.7 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total chloride results"},{"id":318573,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-6.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.6","size":"43 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.6 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total dissolved silica results"},{"id":318566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":318568,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.1","size":"46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.1 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total nitrogen results"},{"id":371144,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/sir20155189.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5189"},{"id":318569,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.2","size":"44 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.2 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total Kjeldahl nitrogen results"},{"id":318570,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.3","size":"46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.3 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen results"},{"id":318571,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.4","size":"45 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.4 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total phosphorus results"},{"id":318572,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-5.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.5","size":"43 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.5 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total organic carbon results"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.47381591796875,\n 41.0772807426254\n ],\n [\n -73.48480224609375,\n 41.31288691435732\n ],\n [\n -73.2183837890625,\n 41.7672146942102\n ],\n [\n -72.94647216796874,\n 41.97378534488489\n ],\n [\n -72.7459716796875,\n 42.002366213375524\n ],\n [\n -72.5372314453125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -71.9549560546875,\n 42.02889410108475\n ],\n [\n -71.90277099609375,\n 41.781552998900345\n ],\n [\n -71.96319580078125,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -72.22137451171874,\n 41.292253642159466\n ],\n [\n -72.476806640625,\n 41.263356094059326\n ],\n [\n -72.63885498046875,\n 41.263356094059326\n ],\n [\n -72.75970458984375,\n 41.25716209782705\n ],\n [\n -72.88330078125,\n 41.24890252240322\n ],\n [\n -72.9766845703125,\n 41.24270715552139\n ],\n [\n -73.26507568359375,\n 41.11246878918086\n ],\n [\n -73.465576171875,\n 41.05035951931887\n ],\n [\n -73.47381591796875,\n 41.0772807426254\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
101 Pitkin Street
East Hartford, CT 06108

\n

Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-03-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e29aaee4b0f59b85d32757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70178400,"text":"ofr20161181 - 2016 - Data from exploratory sampling of groundwater in selected oil and gas areas of coastal Los Angeles County and Kern and Kings Counties in southern San Joaquin Valley, 2014–15: California oil, gas, and groundwater project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T10:38:25","indexId":"ofr20161181","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1181","title":"Data from exploratory sampling of groundwater in selected oil and gas areas of coastal Los Angeles County and Kern and Kings Counties in southern San Joaquin Valley, 2014–15: California oil, gas, and groundwater project","docAbstract":"

Exploratory sampling of groundwater in coastal Los Angeles County and Kern and Kings Counties of the southern San Joaquin Valley was done by the U.S. Geological Survey from September 2014 through January 2015 as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Water Quality in Areas of Oil and Gas Production Regional Groundwater Monitoring Program. The Regional Groundwater Monitoring Program was established in response to the California Senate Bill 4 of 2013 mandating that the California State Water Resources Control Board design and implement a groundwater-monitoring program to assess potential effects of well-stimulation treatments on groundwater resources in California. The U.S. Geological Survey is in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board to collaboratively implement the Regional Groundwater Monitoring Program through the California Oil, Gas, and Groundwater Project. Many researchers have documented the utility of different suites of chemical tracers for evaluating the effects of oil and gas development on groundwater quality. The purpose of this exploratory sampling effort was to determine whether tracers reported in the literature could be used effectively in California. This reconnaissance effort was not designed to assess the effects of oil and gas on groundwater quality in the sampled areas. A suite of water-quality indicators and geochemical tracers were sampled at groundwater sites in selected areas that have extensive oil and gas development. Groundwater samples were collected from a total of 51 wells, including 37 monitoring wells at 17 multiple-well monitoring sites in coastal Los Angeles County and 5 monitoring wells and 9 water-production wells in southern San Joaquin Valley, primarily in Kern and Kings Counties. Groundwater samples were analyzed for field waterquality indicators; organic constituents, including volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds and dissolved organic carbon indicators; naturally present inorganic constituents, including trace elements, nutrients, major and minor ions, and iron species; naturally present stable and radioactive isotopes; dissolved noble gases; dissolved standard and hydrocarbon gases, δ13C of methane, ethane, and δ2 H of methane. In total, 249 constituents and water-quality indicators were measured. Four types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, matrix spikes, and surrogates spiked in environmental and blank samples) were collected at approximately 10 percent of the wells. The quality-control data were used to determine whether the groundwater-sample data were of sufficient quality for the measured analytes to be used as potential indicators of oil and gas effects. The data from the 51 groundwater samples and from the quality-control samples are presented in this report.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161181","collaboration":"A product of the California Oil and Gas Regional Groundwater Monitoring Program
Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Dillon, D.B., Davis, T.A., Landon, M.K., Land, M.T., Wright, M.T., and Kulongoski, J.T., 2016, Data from exploratory sampling of groundwater in selected oil and gas areas of coastal Los Angeles County and Kern and Kings Counties in southern San Joaquin Valley, 2014–15: California Oil, Gas, and Groundwater Project (ver. 1.1, October 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1181, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161181.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 24 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076853","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331399,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1181/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":331401,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1181/ofr20161181_tables_v1.1.xlsx","text":"Tables","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1181 Tables, ver. 1.1"},{"id":331400,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1181/ofr20161181_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1181, ver. 1.1"},{"id":347008,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1181/versionHist_.txt","text":"Version History","size":"8 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1181"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County, King County, Los Angeles County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.630615234375,\n 35.79999392988527\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 34.28445325435288\n ],\n [\n -117.784423828125,\n 33.93880275084578\n ],\n [\n -117.9437255859375,\n 33.95247360616282\n ],\n [\n -118.10302734374999,\n 33.71977077483141\n ],\n [\n -118.4381103515625,\n 33.710632271492095\n ],\n [\n -118.4051513671875,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -118.45458984375,\n 33.96158628979907\n ],\n [\n -118.54248046874999,\n 34.02990029603907\n ],\n [\n -118.69628906249999,\n 34.02990029603907\n ],\n [\n -118.817138671875,\n 33.99802726234877\n ],\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 34.048108084909835\n ],\n [\n -118.9434814453125,\n 34.07086232376631\n ],\n [\n -118.78967285156249,\n 34.17090836352573\n ],\n [\n -118.66882324218751,\n 34.175453097578526\n ],\n [\n -118.66882324218751,\n 34.229970811273084\n ],\n [\n -118.63037109375,\n 34.243594729697406\n ],\n [\n -118.8885498046875,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -119.47631835937499,\n 34.89043681762452\n ],\n [\n -120.20690917968749,\n 35.60818490437746\n ],\n [\n -120.2947998046875,\n 35.902399875143615\n ],\n [\n -119.97619628906249,\n 36.1822249804225\n ],\n [\n -119.95971679687499,\n 36.40359962073253\n ],\n [\n -119.5147705078125,\n 36.48755716938576\n ],\n [\n -119.4818115234375,\n 36.39917828607653\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 35.79108281624994\n ],\n [\n -117.630615234375,\n 35.79999392988527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: December 2016; Version 1.1: November 2017","contact":"

Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-12-09","revisedDate":"2017-11-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dbe4b077fc20250df8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, David B. 0000-0002-7926-7861 ddillon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-7861","contributorId":5939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"David","email":"ddillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Tracy A. 0000-0003-0253-6661 tadavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-6661","contributorId":2715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Tracy","email":"tadavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Land, Michael T. 0000-0001-5141-0307 mtland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":173276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","email":"mtland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154 kulongos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":156272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin","email":"kulongos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193058,"text":"70193058 - 2016 - The removal kinetics of dissolved organic matter and the optical clarity of groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:18:30","indexId":"70193058","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The removal kinetics of dissolved organic matter and the optical clarity of groundwater","docAbstract":"

Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and ultraviolet/visible light absorbance decrease systematically as groundwater moves through the unsaturated zones overlying aquifers and along flowpaths within aquifers. These changes occur over distances of tens of meters (m) implying rapid removal kinetics of the chromophoric DOM that imparts color to groundwater. A one-compartment input-output model was used to derive a differential equation describing the removal of DOM from the dissolved phase due to the combined effects of biodegradation and sorption. The general solution to the equation was parameterized using a 2-year record of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration changes in groundwater at a long-term observation well. Estimated rates of DOC loss were rapid and ranged from 0.093 to 0.21 micromoles per liter per day (μM d−1), and rate constants for DOC removal ranged from 0.0021 to 0.011 per day (d−1). Applying these removal rate constants to an advective-dispersion model illustrates substantial depletion of DOC over flow-path distances of 200 m or less and in timeframes of 2 years or less. These results explain the low to moderate DOC concentrations (20–75 μM; 0.26–1 mg L−1) and ultraviolet absorption coefficient values (a254 < 5 m−1) observed in groundwater produced from 59 wells tapping eight different aquifer systems of the United States. The nearly uniform optical clarity of groundwater, therefore, results from similarly rapid DOM-removal kinetics exhibited by geologically and hydrologically dissimilar aquifers.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-016-1406-y","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Shen, Y., Strom, E.W., and Benner, R., 2016, The removal kinetics of dissolved organic matter and the optical clarity of groundwater: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1413-1422, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1406-y.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1422","ipdsId":"IP-071739","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1406-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GB2257","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for journal article entitled Removal Kinetics of Dissolved Organic Matter and the Optical Clarity of Groundwater - Supporting Data"},{"id":349215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Nebraska, South Carolina, Texas, Utah","volume":"24","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc5ae4b06e28e9c23da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shen, Yuan","contributorId":176364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shen","given":"Yuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strom, Eric W. ewstrom@usgs.gov","contributorId":337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"Eric","email":"ewstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benner, Ronald","contributorId":57380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benner","given":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190046,"text":"70190046 - 2016 - Records of continental slope sediment flow morphodynamic responses to gradient and active faulting from integrated AUV and ROV data, offshore Palos Verdes, southern California Borderland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T16:36:36","indexId":"70190046","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Records of continental slope sediment flow morphodynamic responses to gradient and active faulting from integrated AUV and ROV data, offshore Palos Verdes, southern California Borderland","docAbstract":"

Variations in seabed gradient are widely acknowledged to influence deep-water deposition, but are often difficult to measure in sufficient detail from both modern and ancient examples. On the continental slope offshore Los Angeles, California, autonomous underwater vehicle, remotely operated vehicle, and shipboard methods were used to collect a dense grid of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, chirp sub-bottom profiles, and targeted sediment core samples that demonstrate the influence of seafloor gradient on sediment accumulation, depositional environment, grain size of deposits, and seafloor morphology. In this setting, restraining and releasing bends along the active right-lateral Palos Verdes Fault create and maintain variations in seafloor gradient. Holocene down-slope flows appear to have been generated by slope failure, primarily on the uppermost slope (~ 100–200 m water depth). Turbidity currents created a low relief (< 10 m) channel, up-slope migrating sediment waves (λ = ~ 100 m, h ≤ 2 m), and a series of depocenters that have accumulated up to 4 m of Holocene sediment. Sediment waves increase in wavelength and decrease in wave height with decreasing gradient. Integrated analysis of high-resolution datasets provides quantification of morphodynamic sensitivity to seafloor gradients acting throughout deep-water depositional systems. These results help to bridge gaps in scale between existing deep-sea and experimental datasets and may provide constraints for future numerical modeling studies.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2016.10.001","usgsCitation":"Maier, K., Brothers, D.S., Paull, C.K., McGann, M., Caress, D.W., and Conrad, J.E., 2016, Records of continental slope sediment flow morphodynamic responses to gradient and active faulting from integrated AUV and ROV data, offshore Palos Verdes, southern California Borderland: Marine Geology, v. 393, p. 47-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.10.001.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-074023","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.10.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"393","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59897c15e4b09fa1cb0c2c0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maier, Katherine L.","contributorId":91411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"Katherine L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X dbrothers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":167089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","email":"dbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":707303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGann, Mary 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":169540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caress, David W.","contributorId":147392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caress","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16837,"text":"MBARI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187160,"text":"70187160 - 2016 - Hydrologic exchange flows and their ecological consequences in river corridors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T20:03:41.486146","indexId":"70187160","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Hydrologic exchange flows and their ecological consequences in river corridors","docAbstract":"The actively flowing waters of streams and rivers remain in close contact with surrounding off-channel and subsurface environments. These hydrologic linkages between relatively fast flowing channel waters, with more slowly flowing waters off-channel and in the subsurface, are collectively referred to as hydrologic exchange flows (HEFs). HEFs include surface exchange with a channel’s marginal areas and subsurface flow through the streambed (hyporheic flow), as well as storm-driven bank storage and overbank flows onto floodplains. HEFs are important, not only for storing water and attenuating flood peaks, but also for their role in influencing water conservation, water quality improvement, and related outcomes for ecological values and services of aquatic ecosystems. Biogeochemical opportunities for chemical transformations are increased by HEFs as a result of the prolonged contact between flowing waters and geochemically and microbially active surfaces of sediments and vegetation. Chemical processing is intensified and water quality is often improved by removal of excess nutrients, metals, and organic contaminants from flowing waters. HEFs also are important regulators of organic matter decomposition, nutrient recycling, and stream metabolism that helps establish a balanced and resilient aquatic food web. The shallow and protected storage zones associated with HEFs support nursery and feeding areas for aquatic organisms that sustain aquatic biological diversity. Understanding of these varied roles for HEFs has been driven by the related disciplines of stream ecology, fluvial geomorphology, surface-water hydraulics, and groundwater hydrology. A current research emphasis is on the role that HEFs play in altered flow regimes, including restoration to achieve diverse goals, such as expanding aquatic habitats and managing dissolved and suspended river loads to reduce over-fertilization of coastal waters and offset wetland loss. New integrative concepts and models are emerging (eg, hydrologic connectivity) that emphasize HEF functions in river corridors over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stream ecosystems in a changing environment","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-405890-3.00001-4","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., 2016, Hydrologic exchange flows and their ecological consequences in river corridors, chap. 1 of Stream ecosystems in a changing environment, p. 1-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-405890-3.00001-4.","productDescription":"84 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"83","ipdsId":"IP-069432","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1bae4b0c2e071a99b94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174150,"text":"70174150 - 2016 - The Impacts of flow alterations to crayfishes in Southeastern Oklahoma, with an emphasis on the mena crayfish (orconectes menae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T14:18:14","indexId":"70174150","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"105-2014","title":"The Impacts of flow alterations to crayfishes in Southeastern Oklahoma, with an emphasis on the mena crayfish (orconectes menae)","docAbstract":"

Human activities can alter the environment to the point that it is unsuitable to the native species resulting in a loss of biodiversity. Ecologists understand the importance of biodiversity and the conservation of vulnerable species. Species that are narrowly endemic are considered to be particularly vulnerable because they often use specific habitats that are highly susceptible to human disturbance. The basic components of species conservation are 1) delineation of the spatial distribution of the species, 2) understanding how the species interacts with its environment, and 3) employing management strategies based on the ecology of the species. In this study, we investigated several crayfish species endemic to the Ouachita Mountains in Oklahoma and Arkansas. We established the spatial distributions (i.e., range) of the crayfish using Maximum Entropy species distribution modeling. We then investigated crayfish habitat use with quantitative sampling and a paired movement study. Finally, we evaluated the ability of crayfish to burrow under different environmental conditions in a controlled laboratory setting. Crayfish distribution at the landscape scale was largely driven by climate, geology and elevation. In general, the endemic crayfish in this study occurred above 300-m elevation where the geology was dominated by sandstone and shale, and rainfall totals were the highest compared to the rest of the study region. Our quantitative data indicated crayfish did not select for specific habitat types at the reach scale; however, crayfish appeared to continue to use shallow and dry habitat even as the streams dried. Movement by passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged crayfish was highly variable but crayfish tended to burrow in response to drought rather than migrate to wet habitat. Controlled laboratory experiments revealed smaller substrate size (pebble) restricted crayfish burrowing more than larger substrates (cobble). We also found excess fine sediment restricted crayfish burrowing regardless of dominant substrate size. Our results suggest climate change and sedimentation resulting from land-use practices, combined with increased water withdrawals have the potential to alter crayfish distributions and affect persistence of some crayfish populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"OK","usgsCitation":"Brewer, S.K., and Dyer, J.J., 2016, The Impacts of flow alterations to crayfishes in Southeastern Oklahoma, with an emphasis on the mena crayfish (orconectes menae), ii, 103 p.","productDescription":"ii, 103 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054991","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/ref/collection/document/id/2056"}],"country":"United States","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877b2e4b0b7ea54521c0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyer, Joseph J.","contributorId":140681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyer","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176891,"text":"70176891 - 2016 - Review of suspended sediment in lower South Bay relevant to light attenuation and phytoplankton blooms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T10:00:56","indexId":"70176891","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Review of suspended sediment in lower South Bay relevant to light attenuation and phytoplankton blooms","docAbstract":"

Lower South Bay (LSB), a shallow subembayment of San Francisco Bay (SFB), is situated south of the Dumbarton Bridge, and is surrounded by, and interconnected with, a network of sloughs, marshes, and former salt ponds undergoing restoration (Figure ES.1). LSB receives 120 million gallons per day of treated wastewater effluent from three publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) that service San Jose and the densely populated surrounding region. During the dry season, when flows from creeks and streams are at their minimum, POTW effluent comprises the majority of freshwater flow to Lower South Bay. Although LSB has a large tidal prism, it experiences limited net exchange with the surrounding Bay, because much of the water that leaves on ebb tides returns during the subsequent flood tides. The limited exchange leads to distinctly different biogeochemical conditions in LSB compared to other SFB subembayments, including LSB having the highest nutrient concentrations and highest phytoplankton biomass.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lower South Bay Nutrient Synthesis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Estuary Institute & Aquatic Science Center","publisherLocation":"Richmond, CA","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., Shellenbarger, G., Downing-Kunz, M.A., and Manning, A.J., 2016, Review of suspended sediment in lower South Bay relevant to light attenuation and phytoplankton blooms, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"56","ipdsId":"IP-053620","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329479,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sfbaynutrients.sfei.org/sites/default/files/LSB_Synthesis_Draft_June%202015.b.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Lower South Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.14025878906249,\n 37.35269280367274\n ],\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 37.35269280367274\n ],\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 38.33734763569314\n ],\n [\n -123.14025878906249,\n 38.33734763569314\n ],\n [\n -123.14025878906249,\n 37.35269280367274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877ade4b0b7ea54521c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shellenbarger, Gregory gshellen@usgs.gov","contributorId":174805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"Gregory","email":"gshellen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downing-Kunz, Maureen A. 0000-0002-4879-0318 mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-0318","contributorId":3690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing-Kunz","given":"Maureen","email":"mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manning, Andrew J.","contributorId":175079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178429,"text":"70178429 - 2016 - Regional geophysics of western Utah and eastern Nevada, with emphasis on the Confusion Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T10:44:21","indexId":"70178429","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Regional geophysics of western Utah and eastern Nevada, with emphasis on the Confusion Range","docAbstract":"As part of a long term geologic and hydrologic study of several regional\ngroundwater flow systems in western Utah and eastern Nevada, the U.S. \nGeological Survey was contracted by the Southern Nevada Water Authority \nto provide geophysical data. The primary object of these data was to enable \nconstruction of the geological framework of the flow systems. The main \nnew geophysical data gathered during the study were gravity observations, \nand existing aeromagnetic data were also compiled. These data resulted in \nregional maps of the isostatic gravity and aeromagnetic fields of the area.\nThe isostatic gravity map shows a north-south grain to most of the area, \nwhich was imparted by post-20 Ma basin-range tectonism; whereas the \naeromagnetic map shows an east-west grain to the area, imparted by \nEocene to lower Miocene calc-alkaline calderas and source intrusions. \nTo de-emphasize surface and near-surface features and to gain greater \ninsight into contributions from deeper sources, the isostatic gravity \nanomalies were upward continued by 3 km and the aeromagnetic data \nwere transformed to their magnetic potential (\"pseudogravity\"). \nIdentification of maxima of the horizontal gradients in the gravity and \nmagnetic-potential data helped define deep-seated crustal blocks that are \ncharacterized by major changes in density and magnetization. Maps \nshowing these maxima were useful in defining large faults, especially \nrange-bounding faults, and margins of igneous bodies and calderas. A \ngravity inversion method was used to separate the isostatic residual anomaly \ninto pre-Cenozoic basement and young basin fill. Inasmuch as the primary \naquifer in the area is sedimentary basin fill, this method is especially valuable\nfor hydrogeologic analyses because it estimates the thickness of the fill.\nAs befits its name, the geology of the Confusion Range of Utah has been a \npoint of contention for many years, so we looked at it in greater detail in the \ncourse of our regional study. The northern part of the range is underlain by a \nlarge gravity high, which continues south through the Conger Range, Burbank \nHills, and northern Mountain Home Range. This is the \"structural trough\" \nreported in the literature that was mapped as the axial part of a Sevier \nsynclinorium and contains the maximum thickness (7 km) of high-density \ncarbonates in the area, thus the largest high gravity anomaly.","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Association","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Rowley, P.D., Dixon, G.L., and McKee, E.H., 2016, Regional geophysics of western Utah and eastern Nevada, with emphasis on the Confusion Range, v. 45, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-073281","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mapstore.utah.gov/uga45.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -109.039306640625,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f725e5e4b0b7ea5451eec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowley, Peter D.","contributorId":27435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193676,"text":"70193676 - 2016 - Prediction of lake depth across a 17-state region in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T16:07:57","indexId":"70193676","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of lake depth across a 17-state region in the United States","docAbstract":"

Lake depth is an important characteristic for understanding many lake processes, yet it is unknown for the vast majority of lakes globally. Our objective was to develop a model that predicts lake depth using map-derived metrics of lake and terrestrial geomorphic features. Building on previous models that use local topography to predict lake depth, we hypothesized that regional differences in topography, lake shape, or sedimentation processes could lead to region-specific relationships between lake depth and the mapped features. We therefore used a mixed modeling approach that included region-specific model parameters. We built models using lake and map data from LAGOS, which includes 8164 lakes with maximum depth (Zmax) observations. The model was used to predict depth for all lakes ≥4 ha (n = 42 443) in the study extent. Lake surface area and maximum slope in a 100 m buffer were the best predictors of Zmax. Interactions between surface area and topography occurred at both the local and regional scale; surface area had a larger effect in steep terrain, so large lakes embedded in steep terrain were much deeper than those in flat terrain. Despite a large sample size and inclusion of regional variability, model performance (R2 = 0.29, RMSE = 7.1 m) was similar to other published models. The relative error varied by region, however, highlighting the importance of taking a regional approach to lake depth modeling. Additionally, we provide the largest known collection of observed and predicted lake depth values in the United States.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/IW-6.3.957","usgsCitation":"Oliver, S., Soranno, P.A., Fergus, C.E., Wagner, T., Winslow, L., Scott, C.E., Webster, K.E., Downing, J., and Stanley, E.H., 2016, Prediction of lake depth across a 17-state region in the United States: Inland Waters, v. 6, no. 3, p. 314-324, https://doi.org/10.1080/IW-6.3.957.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"314","endPage":"324","ipdsId":"IP-071256","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"6","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc5ae4b06e28e9c23da8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, Samantha K.","contributorId":169273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"Samantha K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soranno, Patricia A.","contributorId":172104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fergus, C. Emi","contributorId":150608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fergus","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Emi","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winslow, Luke A. lwinslow@usgs.gov","contributorId":139775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winslow","given":"Luke A.","email":"lwinslow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scott, Caren E.","contributorId":172184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Caren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Webster, Katherine E.","contributorId":147903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Downing, John A.","contributorId":70348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70173974,"text":"ofr20161105 - 2016 - Regional water table (2014) in the Mojave River and Morongo Groundwater Basins, southwestern Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-28T14:39:44.825439","indexId":"ofr20161105","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1105","displayTitle":"Regional Water Table (2014) in the Mojave River and Morongo Groundwater Basins, Southwestern Mojave Desert, California","title":"Regional water table (2014) in the Mojave River and Morongo Groundwater Basins, southwestern Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"

Data for static water-levels measured in about 610 wells during March-April 2014 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Mojave Water Agency (MWA), and other local water districts were compiled to construct a regional water-table map. This map shows the elevation of the water table and general direction of groundwater movement in and around the Mojave River and Morongo groundwater basins. Water-level measurements recorded by the USGS and MWA staff were measured and compiled according to the procedures described in the Groundwater Technical Procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey (Cunningham and Schalk, 2011). Water-level data submitted by cooperating local water districts were collected by using procedures established by the corresponding agency, and compiled according to the procedures described in the Groundwater Technical Procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey (Cunningham and Schalk, 2011). All data were compared to historical data for quality-assurance purposes. Water-level contours from the 2012 water-level map (Teague and others, 2014) were used as a guide to interpret and shape the 2014 water-level contours in areas where 2014 water-level data were not available; these contours are shown as dashed (approximate) on the water-table map. In addition to being available on the interactive map, 2014 water-level data and contours are shown for the entire area of the Mojave River and Morongo groundwater basins on Plate 1. Water-level data for 2014 are accessible through the website by clicking the 2014 Sites button on the Data Downloads page.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mojave Water Agency","usgsCitation":"Teague, N.F., Dick, M.C., House, S.F., and Clark, D.A., 2016, Regional water table (2014) in the Mojave River and Morongo groundwater basins, southwestern Mojave Desert, California, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1105 (ver. 3, July 2020), 1 sheet, scale 1:170,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161105.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 42.00 x 37.00 inches; Project Site; Version History","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074861","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438469,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P848ZZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Regional Water Table (2014) in the Mojave River and Morongo Groundwater Basins, Southwestern Mojave Desert, California (ver. 1.2, September 2020)"},{"id":337647,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1105/cover/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":340194,"rank":2,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/mojave/mojave-2014-water-levels.html","text":"Project Site"},{"id":376391,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1105/versionHist.txt","size":"2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":376390,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1105/ofr20161105.pdf","text":"Sheet","size":"17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.5,\n 34.05\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -116.0,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -116.0,\n 34.05\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 34.05\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted June 28, 2016; Version 2.0: March 30, 2017; Version 3.0: July 15, 2020","contact":"

Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"


","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-06-28","revisedDate":"2020-07-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577391a7e4b07657d1a88bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teague, Nick F. 0000-0001-5289-1210","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-1210","contributorId":172440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dick, Meghan C. 0000-0002-8323-3787 mdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-3787","contributorId":200745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dick","given":"Meghan","email":"mdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"House, Sally F. 0000-0002-3398-4742 shouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3398-4742","contributorId":3881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Sally","email":"shouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Dennis A. daclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Dennis","email":"daclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":640731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185577,"text":"70185577 - 2016 - Use of multiple age tracers to estimate groundwater residence times and long-term recharge rates in arid southern Oman","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-24T10:13:56","indexId":"70185577","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of multiple age tracers to estimate groundwater residence times and long-term recharge rates in arid southern Oman","docAbstract":"

Multiple age tracers were measured to estimate groundwater residence times in the regional aquifer system underlying southwestern Oman. This area, known as the Najd, is one of the most arid areas in the world and is planned to be the main agricultural center of the Sultanate of Oman in the near future. The three isotopic age tracers 4He, 14C and 36Cl were measured in waters collected from wells along a line that extended roughly from the Dhofar Mountains near the Arabian Sea northward 400 km into the Empty Quarter of the Arabian Peninsula. The wells sampled were mostly open to the Umm Er Radhuma confined aquifer, although, some were completed in the mostly unconfined Rus aquifer. The combined results from the three tracers indicate the age of the confined groundwater is < 40 ka in the recharge area in the Dhofar Mountains, > 100 ka in the central section north of the mountains, and up to and > one Ma in the Empty Quarter. The 14C data were used to help calibrate the 4He and 36Cl data. Mixing models suggest that long open boreholes north of the mountains compromise 14C-only interpretations there, in contrast to 4He and 36Cl calculations that are less sensitive to borehole mixing. Thus, only the latter two tracers from these more distant wells were considered reliable. In addition to the age tracers, δ2H and δ18O data suggest that seasonal monsoon and infrequent tropical cyclones are both substantial contributors to the recharge. The study highlights the advantages of using multiple chemical and isotopic data when estimating groundwater travel times and recharge rates, and differentiating recharge mechanisms.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.012","usgsCitation":"Muller, T., Osenbruck, K., Strauch, G., Pavetich, S., Al-Mashaikhi, K., Herb, C., Merchel, S., Rugel, G., Aeschbach, W., and Sanford, W.E., 2016, Use of multiple age tracers to estimate groundwater residence times and long-term recharge rates in arid southern Oman: Applied Geochemistry, v. 74, p. 67-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.012.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"83","ipdsId":"IP-078864","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Oman","otherGeospatial":"Dhofar Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 56.3818359375,\n 17.95783210227242\n ],\n [\n 54.9920654296875,\n 20.004322295998723\n ],\n [\n 51.9927978515625,\n 19.004996642802364\n ],\n [\n 52.7838134765625,\n 17.329664329425057\n ],\n [\n 52.73986816406249,\n 17.292953983910063\n ],\n [\n 52.80029296875,\n 17.277218735781606\n ],\n [\n 53.1353759765625,\n 16.646718050971934\n ],\n [\n 53.19580078125,\n 16.688816956180833\n ],\n [\n 53.3001708984375,\n 16.694078667842703\n ],\n [\n 53.3331298828125,\n 16.720385051694\n ],\n [\n 53.49243164062499,\n 16.75194792318035\n ],\n [\n 53.558349609375,\n 16.74142754700361\n ],\n [\n 53.6572265625,\n 16.783505561927786\n ],\n [\n 53.73413085937499,\n 16.82031618192045\n ],\n [\n 53.7725830078125,\n 16.867633616803836\n ],\n [\n 53.887939453125,\n 16.883403464236842\n ],\n [\n 53.98681640625,\n 16.904427878255003\n ],\n [\n 54.0142822265625,\n 16.951724234434437\n ],\n [\n 54.063720703125,\n 17.020020181668386\n ],\n [\n 54.1461181640625,\n 16.97799484888579\n ],\n [\n 54.21752929687499,\n 16.98850206537361\n ],\n [\n 54.2669677734375,\n 17.014767530557833\n ],\n [\n 54.47021484375,\n 17.030525041643063\n ],\n [\n 54.6295166015625,\n 17.020020181668386\n ],\n [\n 54.678955078125,\n 16.951724234434437\n ],\n [\n 54.766845703125,\n 16.941214960202657\n ],\n [\n 54.94262695312499,\n 16.96748704407044\n ],\n [\n 55.074462890625,\n 17.02527268537679\n ],\n [\n 55.18432617187499,\n 17.11979250078707\n ],\n [\n 55.27770996093749,\n 17.23000493050636\n ],\n [\n 55.2447509765625,\n 17.271973354308802\n ],\n [\n 55.316162109375,\n 17.36636733709516\n ],\n [\n 55.27770996093749,\n 17.444991866993263\n ],\n [\n 55.2447509765625,\n 17.465952690145564\n ],\n [\n 55.228271484375,\n 17.523582506809756\n ],\n [\n 55.30517578124999,\n 17.596903076749193\n ],\n [\n 55.3875732421875,\n 17.68066158373626\n ],\n [\n 55.4095458984375,\n 17.764381077782076\n ],\n [\n 55.4644775390625,\n 17.82714499951342\n ],\n [\n 55.5853271484375,\n 17.86374708440522\n ],\n [\n 55.7391357421875,\n 17.895114303749143\n ],\n [\n 55.9149169921875,\n 17.900341634875257\n ],\n [\n 55.96435546875,\n 17.916022703877665\n ],\n [\n 56.0797119140625,\n 17.921249418623304\n ],\n [\n 56.15112304687499,\n 17.926475979176438\n ],\n [\n 56.1895751953125,\n 17.947380678685217\n ],\n [\n 56.2664794921875,\n 17.93170238549813\n ],\n [\n 56.3543701171875,\n 17.910795834978483\n ],\n [\n 56.3818359375,\n 17.95783210227242\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63036e4b05ec7991310d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muller, Th.","contributorId":189781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muller","given":"Th.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osenbruck, K.","contributorId":189782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osenbruck","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strauch, G.","contributorId":189783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strauch","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pavetich, S.","contributorId":189784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pavetich","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Al-Mashaikhi, K.-S.","contributorId":189785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Al-Mashaikhi","given":"K.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herb, C.","contributorId":189786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herb","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Merchel, S.","contributorId":189787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merchel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rugel, G.","contributorId":189788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rugel","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aeschbach, W.","contributorId":189789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aeschbach","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70185016,"text":"70185016 - 2016 - Adjusting particle-size distributions to account for aggregation in tephra-deposit model forecasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-13T14:38:13","indexId":"70185016","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":922,"text":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adjusting particle-size distributions to account for aggregation in tephra-deposit model forecasts","docAbstract":"

Volcanic ash transport and dispersion (VATD) models are used to forecast tephra deposition during volcanic eruptions. Model accuracy is limited by the fact that fine-ash aggregates (clumps into clusters), thus altering patterns of deposition. In most models this is accounted for by ad hoc changes to model input, representing fine ash as aggregates with density ρagg, and a log-normal size distribution with median μagg and standard deviation σagg. Optimal values may vary between eruptions. To test the variance, we used the Ash3d tephra model to simulate four deposits: 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens; 16–17 September 1992 Crater Peak (Mount Spurr); 17 June 1996 Ruapehu; and 23 March 2009 Mount Redoubt. In 192 simulations, we systematically varied μagg and σagg, holding ρagg constant at 600 kg m−3. We evaluated the fit using three indices that compare modeled versus measured (1) mass load at sample locations; (2) mass load versus distance along the dispersal axis; and (3) isomass area. For all deposits, under these inputs, the best-fit value of μagg ranged narrowly between  ∼  2.3 and 2.7φ (0.20–0.15 mm), despite large variations in erupted mass (0.25–50 Tg), plume height (8.5–25 km), mass fraction of fine ( <  0.063 mm) ash (3–59 %), atmospheric temperature, and water content between these eruptions. This close agreement suggests that aggregation may be treated as a discrete process that is insensitive to eruptive style or magnitude. This result offers the potential for a simple, computationally efficient parameterization scheme for use in operational model forecasts. Further research may indicate whether this narrow range also reflects physical constraints on processes in the evolving cloud.

","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Katlenburg-Lindau","doi":"10.5194/acp-16-9399-2016","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Van Eaton, A.R., and Durant, A., 2016, Adjusting particle-size distributions to account for aggregation in tephra-deposit model forecasts: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 16, p. 9399-9420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9399-2016.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"9399","endPage":"9420","ipdsId":"IP-065450","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9399-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7af9be4b0849ce9795e74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":184079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durant, A.J.","contributorId":102289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durant","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182784,"text":"70182784 - 2016 - A gas-tracer injection for evaluating the fate of methane in a coastal plain stream: Degassing versus in-stream oxidation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T16:08:46","indexId":"70182784","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A gas-tracer injection for evaluating the fate of methane in a coastal plain stream: Degassing versus in-stream oxidation","docAbstract":"

Methane emissions from streams and rivers have recently been recognized as an important component of global greenhouse budgets. Stream methane is lost as evasion to the atmosphere or in-stream methane oxidation. Previous studies have quantified evasion and oxidation with point-scale measurements. In this study, dissolved gases (methane, krypton) were injected into a coastal plain stream in North Carolina to quantify stream CH4 losses at the watershed scale. Stream-reach modeling yielded gas transfer and oxidation rate constants of 3.2 ± 0.5 and 0.5 ± 1.5 d–1, respectively, indicating a ratio of about 6:1. The resulting evasion and oxidation rates of 2.9 mmol m–2 d–1 and 1,140 nmol L–1 d–1, respectively, lie within ranges of published values. Similarly, the gas transfer velocity (K600) of 2.1 m d–1 is consistent with other gas tracer studies. This study illustrates the utility of dissolved-gas tracers for evaluating stream methane fluxes. In contrast to point measurements, this approach provides a larger watershed-scale perspective. Further work is needed to quantify the magnitude of these fluxes under varying conditions (e.g., stream temperature, nutrient load, gradient, flow rate) at regional and global scales before reliable bottom-up estimates of methane evasion can be determined at global scales.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b02224","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V.M., Solomon, D., Darrah, T.H., Gilmore, T.E., and Genereux, D., 2016, A gas-tracer injection for evaluating the fate of methane in a coastal plain stream: Degassing versus in-stream oxidation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 19, p. 10504-10511, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02224.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"10504","endPage":"10511","ipdsId":"IP-071116","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba3e4b01ccd5500badf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, D. Kip","contributorId":71441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"D. Kip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darrah, Thomas H.","contributorId":145769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darrah","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmore, Troy E.","contributorId":187444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilmore","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Genereux, David P.","contributorId":43649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genereux","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182830,"text":"70182830 - 2016 - Paleogeographic implications of Late Miocene lacustrine and nonmarine evaporite deposits in the Lake Mead region: Immediate precursors to the Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:06:48","indexId":"70182830","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleogeographic implications of Late Miocene lacustrine and nonmarine evaporite deposits in the Lake Mead region: Immediate precursors to the Colorado River","docAbstract":"

Thick late Miocene nonmarine evaporite (mainly halite and gypsum) and related lacustrine limestone deposits compose the upper basin fill in half grabens within the Lake Mead region of the Basin and Range Province directly west of the Colorado Plateau in southern Nevada and northwestern Arizona. Regional relations and geochronologic data indicate that these deposits are late synextensional to postextensional (ca. 12–5 Ma), with major extension bracketed between ca. 16 and 9 Ma and the abrupt western margin of the Colorado Plateau established by ca. 9 Ma. Significant accommodation space in the half grabens allowed for deposition of late Miocene lacustrine and evaporite sediments. Concurrently, waning extension promoted integration of initially isolated basins, progressive enlargement of drainage nets, and development of broad, low gradient plains and shallow water bodies with extensive clastic, carbonate, and/or evaporite sedimentation. The continued subsidence of basins under restricted conditions also allowed for the preservation of particularly thick, localized evaporite sequences prior to development of the through-going Colorado River.

The spatial and temporal patterns of deposition indicate increasing amounts of freshwater input during the late Miocene (ca. 12–6 Ma) immediately preceding arrival of the Colorado River between ca. 5.6 and 4.9 Ma. In axial basins along and proximal to the present course of the Colorado River, evaporite deposition (mainly gypsum) transitioned to lacustrine limestone progressively from east to west, beginning ca. 12–11 Ma in the Grand Wash Trough in the east and shortly after ca. 5.6 Ma in the western Lake Mead region. In several satellite basins to both the north and south of the axial basins, evaporite deposition was more extensive, with thick halite (>200 m to 2.5 km thick) accumulating in the Hualapai, Overton Arm, and northern Detrital basins. Gravity and magnetic lows suggest that thick halite may also lie within the northern Grand Wash, Mesquite, southern Detrital, and northeastern Las Vegas basins. New tephrochronologic data indicate that the upper part of the halite in the Hualapai basin is ca. 5.6 Ma, with rates of deposition of ∼190–450 m/m.y., assuming that deposition ceased approximately coincidental with the arrival of the Colorado River. A 2.5-km-thick halite sequence in the Hualapai basin may have accumulated in ∼5–7 m.y. or ca. 12–5 Ma, which coincides with lacustrine limestone deposition near the present course of the Colorado River in the region.

The distribution and similar age of the limestone and evaporite deposits in the region suggest a system of late Miocene axial lakes and extensive continental playas and salt pans. The playas and salt pans were probably fed by both groundwater discharge and evaporation from shallow lakes, as evidenced by sedimentary textures. The elevated terrain of the Colorado Plateau was likely a major source of water that fed the lakes and playas. The physical relationships in the Lake Mead region suggest that thick nonmarine evaporites are more likely to be late synextensional and accumulate in basins with relatively large catchments proximal to developing river systems or broad elevated terranes. Other basins adjacent to the lower Colorado River downstream of Lake Mead, such as the Dutch Flat, Blythe-McCoy, and Yuma basins, may also contain thick halite deposits.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01143.1","usgsCitation":"Faulds, J., Schreiber, C., Langenheim, V., Hinz, N., Shaw, T., Heizler, M.T., Perkins, M.E., El Tabakh, M., and Kunk, M.J., 2016, Paleogeographic implications of Late Miocene lacustrine and nonmarine evaporite deposits in the Lake Mead region: Immediate precursors to the Colorado River: Geosphere, v. 12, no. 3, p. 721-767, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01143.1.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"767","ipdsId":"IP-060602","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01143.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Lake Mead region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5,\n 35.2\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.2\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 37.05\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 37.05\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 35.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba1e4b01ccd5500bad9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faulds, James E.","contributorId":184258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faulds","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiber, Charlotte","contributorId":184259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiber","given":"Charlotte","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":151042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinz, Nicholas H.","contributorId":184260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinz","given":"Nicholas H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shaw, Tom","contributorId":184257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heizler, Matthew T.","contributorId":184261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heizler","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perkins, Michael E","contributorId":184262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"El Tabakh, Mohammed","contributorId":184263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"El Tabakh","given":"Mohammed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70195566,"text":"70195566 - 2016 - Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:42:36","indexId":"70195566","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States","docAbstract":"

Existing studies on the impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge are either global or basin/location-specific. The global studies lack the specificity to inform decision making, while the local studies do little to clarify potential changes over large regions (major river basins, states, or groups of states), a scale often important in the development of water policy. An analysis of the potential impact of climate change on groundwater recharge across the western United States (west of 100° longitude) is presented synthesizing existing studies and applying current knowledge of recharge processes and amounts. Eight representative aquifers located across the region were evaluated. For each aquifer published recharge budget components were converted into four standard recharge mechanisms: diffuse, focused, irrigation, and mountain-systems recharge. Future changes in individual recharge mechanisms and total recharge were then estimated for each aquifer. Model-based studies of projected climate-change effects on recharge were available and utilized for half of the aquifers. For the remainder, forecasted changes in temperature and precipitation were logically propagated through each recharge mechanism producing qualitative estimates of direction of changes in recharge only (not magnitude). Several key patterns emerge from the analysis. First, the available estimates indicate average declines of 10–20% in total recharge across the southern aquifers, but with a wide range of uncertainty that includes no change. Second, the northern set of aquifers will likely incur little change to slight increases in total recharge. Third, mountain system recharge is expected to decline across much of the region due to decreased snowpack, with that impact lessening with higher elevation and latitude. Factors contributing the greatest uncertainty in the estimates include: (1) limited studies quantitatively coupling climate projections to recharge estimation methods using detailed, process-based numerical models; (2) a generally poor understanding of hydrologic flowpaths and processes in mountain systems; (3) difficulty predicting the response of focused recharge to potential changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events; and (4) unconstrained feedbacks between climate, irrigation practices, and recharge in highly developed aquifer systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.027","usgsCitation":"Meixner, T., Manning, A.H., Stonestrom, D.A., Allen, D.M., Ajami, H., Blasch, K.W., Brookfield, A.E., Castro, C.L., Clark, J., Gochis, D., Flint, A.L., Neff, K.L., Niraula, R., Rodell, M., Scanlon, B., Singha, K., and Walvoord, M.A., 2016, Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 534, p. 124-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.027.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"138","ipdsId":"IP-061996","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":351876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"534","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee916e4b0da30c1bfc51a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meixner, Thomas","contributorId":22653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meixner","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Diana M.","contributorId":83010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ajami, Hoori","contributorId":74506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ajami","given":"Hoori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brookfield, Andrea E.","contributorId":202677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brookfield","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Castro, Christopher L.","contributorId":202676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castro","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Clark, Jordan F.","contributorId":106177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jordan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gochis, David","contributorId":152455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gochis","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6648,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Neff, Kirstin L.","contributorId":202678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"Kirstin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Niraula, Rewati","contributorId":100714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niraula","given":"Rewati","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rodell, Matthew","contributorId":147282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodell","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ]}