{"pageNumber":"4107","pageRowStart":"102650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184918,"records":[{"id":33582,"text":"b2046 - 1993 - The USGS reference sample Devonian Ohio Shale SDO-1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T19:35:02","indexId":"b2046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2046","title":"The USGS reference sample Devonian Ohio Shale SDO-1","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b2046","usgsCitation":"1993, The USGS reference sample Devonian Ohio Shale SDO-1: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2046, 65 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2046.","productDescription":"65 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":61466,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2046/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c79","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kane, Jean S.","contributorId":66544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Jean S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747054,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18873,"text":"ofr92634 - 1993 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of metals in water by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T18:10:10.988152","indexId":"ofr92634","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-634","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of metals in water by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92634","usgsCitation":"Faires, L., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of metals in water by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-634, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92634.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0634/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48269,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0634/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bbe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faires, L.M.","contributorId":106143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faires","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19429,"text":"ofr93168 - 1993 - Estimation of unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19429,"text":"ofr93168 - 1993 - Estimation of unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana","indexId":"ofr93168","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Estimation of unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1904,"text":"wsp2420 - 1996 - Procedures for estimating unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana","indexId":"wsp2420","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Procedures for estimating unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1904,"text":"wsp2420 - 1996 - Procedures for estimating unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana","indexId":"wsp2420","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Procedures for estimating unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:32:42.51828","indexId":"ofr93168","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-168","title":"Estimation of unit hydrographs for large floods at ungaged sites in Montana","docAbstract":"Methods were developed for estimating unit hydro- graphs at ungaged sites in Montana using either the Clark or dimensionless unit-hydrograph method. Flood hydrograph data for 26 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations and rainfall data were used together with a rainfall-runoff simulation model (HEC-1) to derive unit hydrographs and important unit-hydrograph variables.  A multiple- regression analysis relating four unit-hydrograph variables (time of concentration, basin-storage coefficient, Snyder standard lag, and dimensionless peak discharge) to basin characteristics showed a significant (95 percent confidence level) relation only with drainage area for time of concentration, basin-storage coefficient, and Snyder standard lag. In the regression relation for dimensionless peak discharge, the only significant basin characteristic was basin factor, a function of channel length, distance from the basin centroid to mouth, and channel slope. An alternative equation based only on drainage area was almost as reliable. Regression equations for estimating basin-storage coefficient and dimensionless peak discharge had coefficients of determination (r sq) ranging from 0.19 to 0.47. An average dimensionless unit hydrograph was determined for the 26 sites, and a method was developed for adjusting its magnitude and shape to account for site-specific information. The 26 derived unit hydrographs were compared with those calculated by the described estimation methods. The two methods performed about equally well in matching derived unit-hydrograph peaks and shapes. 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,{"id":19997,"text":"ofr93445 - 1993 - Can rain cause volcanic eruptions?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-05T13:26:56","indexId":"ofr93445","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-445","title":"Can rain cause volcanic eruptions?","docAbstract":"Volcanic eruptions are renowned for their violence and destructive power. This power comes ultimately from the heat and pressure of molten rock and its contained gases. Therefore we rarely consider the possibility that meteoric phenomena, like rainfall, could promote or inhibit their occurrence. Yet from time to time observers have suggested that weather may affect volcanic activity. In the late 1800's, for example, one of the first geologists to visit the island of Hawaii, J.D. Dana, speculated that rainfall influenced the occurrence of eruptions there. In the early 1900's, volcanologists suggested that some eruptions from Mount Lassen, Calif., were caused by the infiltration of snowmelt into the volcano's hot summit. Most such associations have not been provable because of lack of information; others have been dismissed after careful evaluation of the evidence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93445","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., 1993, Can rain cause volcanic eruptions?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-445, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93445.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr93445.jpg"},{"id":1134,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0445/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":49526,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0445/pdf/of1993-0445.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7af2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19938,"text":"ofr93129 - 1993 - Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T09:45:16","indexId":"ofr93129","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-129","title":"Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin, 1993","docAbstract":"<p>PROBLEM: Surface-water information is needed for surveillance, planning, design, hazard warning, operation, and management in water-related fields such as water supply, hydroelectric power, flood control, irrigation, bridge and culvert design, wildlife management, pollution abatement, flood-plain management, and water-resources development. An appropriate data base is necessary to provide this information.</p>\n<p>OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study are to provide continuous discharge records for selected rivers at specific sites to supply the needs for: regulation, analytical studies, definition of statistical properties, trends analysis, determination of the occurrence, and distribution of water in streams for planning. The project is also designed to determine lake levels and to provide discharge for floods, low-flow conditions, and for water-quality investigations. Requests for streamflow data and information relating to streamflow in Wisconsin are answered. 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,{"id":19912,"text":"ofr93341 - 1993 - Sand-sized heavy-mineral distributions in offshore insular shelf sediments of north-central Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:36","indexId":"ofr93341","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-341","title":"Sand-sized heavy-mineral distributions in offshore insular shelf sediments of north-central Puerto Rico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93341","usgsCitation":"Luepke, G., and Poppe, L., 1993, Sand-sized heavy-mineral distributions in offshore insular shelf sediments of north-central Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-341, 17 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93341.","productDescription":"17 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0341/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49421,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0341/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luepke, Gretchen","contributorId":91827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luepke","given":"Gretchen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19895,"text":"ofr91493 - 1993 - Water levels in continuously monitored wells in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, 1985-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:38","indexId":"ofr91493","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-493","title":"Water levels in continuously monitored wells in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, 1985-88","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr91493","usgsCitation":"Luckey, R.R., Lobmeyer, D., and Burkhardt, D., 1993, Water levels in continuously monitored wells in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, 1985-88: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-493, v, 252 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91493.","productDescription":"v, 252 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0493/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49405,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0493/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luckey, R. R.","contributorId":93055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lobmeyer, D.H.","contributorId":106502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lobmeyer","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhardt, D.J.","contributorId":53398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21433,"text":"ofr93113 - 1993 - U.S. Geological Survey; North Carolina's water resources; a partnership with State, Federal and local agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T21:05:36.953055","indexId":"ofr93113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-113","title":"U.S. Geological Survey; North Carolina's water resources; a partnership with State, Federal and local agencies","docAbstract":"For more than 80 years, the Federal-State Cooperative Program in North Carolina has been an effective partnership that provides timely water information for all levels of government. The cooperative program has raised awareness of State and local water problems and issues and has enhanced transfer and exchange of scientific information. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts statewide water-resources investigations in North Carolina that include hydrologic data collection, applied research studies, and other interpretive studies. These programs are funded through cooperative agreements with the North Carolina Departments of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources; Human Resources; and Transportation, as well as more than a dozen city and county governmental agencies. The USGS also conducts special studies and data-collection programs for Federal agencies, including the Department of Defense, the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that contribute to North Carolina's water information data base. Highlights of selected programs are presented to show the scope of USGS activities in North Carolina and their usefulness in addressing water-resource problems. The reviewed programs include the statewide data-collection program, estuarine studies, the National Water-Quality Assessment program, military installation restoration program, and groundwater flow model-development program in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont provinces.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr93113","usgsCitation":"Winner, M.D., 1993, U.S. Geological Survey; North Carolina's water resources; a partnership with State, Federal and local agencies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-113, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93113.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":24626,"text":"ofr93412 - 1993 - Distributed information system-II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T20:41:41.588171","indexId":"ofr93412","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-412","title":"Distributed information system-II","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr93412","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stiltner, G.J., 1993, Distributed information system-II: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-412, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93412.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0412/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":383830,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0412/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a192","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stiltner, Gloria J.","contributorId":12491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiltner","given":"Gloria","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55088,"text":"wdrWI921 - 1993 - Water Resources Data, Wisconsin, Water Year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:38","indexId":"wdrWI921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WI-92-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Wisconsin, Water Year 1992","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrWI921","usgsCitation":"Holmstrom, B.K., Kammerer, P., and Ellefson, B., 1993, Water Resources Data, Wisconsin, Water Year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WI-92-1, 565 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWI921.","productDescription":"565 p.","numberOfPages":"565","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/wi-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87920,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/wi-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa65a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmstrom, B. K.","contributorId":90728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmstrom","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kammerer, P.A.","contributorId":21943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerer","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellefson, B.R.","contributorId":83927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefson","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19849,"text":"ofr93126 - 1993 - Concentration of 23 trace elements in ground water and surface water at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:36","indexId":"ofr93126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-126","title":"Concentration of 23 trace elements in ground water and surface water at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-91","docAbstract":"Water samples from 167 wells and 12 surface-water sites at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory were analyzed for a suite of as many as 23 trace elements in 1988-91. The samples were collected and analyzed as a continuation of a water-quality program initiated in 1987 and as part of studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Water samples were collected from 148 wells completed in the Snake River Plain aquifer, 18 wells completed in discontinuous deep perched-water zones, and 1 well completed in an alluvial aquifer. Samples were collected from these wells using dedicated or portable pumps. Grab samples were collected at surface-water sites. Data indicated that water locally contained detectable concentra- tions of aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bromide, cadmium, chromium, hexavalent chromium, cobalt, copper, iron fluoride, lead, lithium, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, strontium, vanadium, and zinc. Molybdenum and thallium were not detected. Except for chromium, the concentrations of trace elements from all sites were less than the Maximum Contaminant Levels for drinking water established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Chromium equaled or exceeded the Maximum Contaminant Level at 12 water-quality monitoring wells. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93126","usgsCitation":"Liszewski, M.J., and Mann, L., 1993, Concentration of 23 trace elements in ground water and surface water at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-126, iii, 44  p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93126.","productDescription":"iii, 44  p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49328,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liszewski, M. J.","contributorId":107308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liszewski","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, L. J.","contributorId":39392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54387,"text":"wdrAR921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Arkansas, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-15T20:14:00.454742","indexId":"wdrAR921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AR-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Arkansas, water year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrAR921","usgsCitation":"Porter, J., Westerfield, P., and Morris, E.E., 1993, Water resources data, Arkansas, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AR-92-1, viii, 610 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAR921.","productDescription":"viii, 610 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,{"id":25924,"text":"wri934074 - 1993 - Effects of agricultural and residential land use on ground-water quality, Anoka Sand Plain Aquifer, east-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T10:15:09","indexId":"wri934074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4074","title":"Effects of agricultural and residential land use on ground-water quality, Anoka Sand Plain Aquifer, east-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Water quality in the 1,700-square-mile Anoka Sand Plain aquifer is affected by irrigated and nonirrigated agriculture and by residential land use. Concentrations of sulfate, chloride, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, and pesticides in ground water are related to human activities; nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations are affected more than concentrations of other chemical constituents. Of the water samples collected from 100 wells during this study, samples from 30 wells had concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen greater than 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter), which is the limit recommended for drinking water by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Analysis of 360 water samples indicated that the median concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen for undeveloped, nonirrigated-cultivated, irrigated, and residential lands were 0.22,2.0,5.3, and 4.2 mg/L, respectively.</p>\n<p>Differences in nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations at various depths below the water table were statistically significant. Median concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen in groundwater samples less than 10 feet, 10 to 20 feet, and more than 20 feet below the water table were 5.1 mg/L, 2.7 mg/L, and less than 0.1 mg/L, respectively.</p>\n<p>Seasonal fluctuations in nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations at many wells were as great or greater than long-term change; however, the springtime median concentration of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen increased steadily from 1984 (4.8 mg/L) through 1987 (5.5 mg/L).</p>\n<p>Triazine herbicides were detected in 11 of 18 samples analyzed for pesticides. Concentrations of atrazine were less than the 3 (J-g/L maximum contaminant level set for atrazine by the Minnesota Department of Health and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri934074","collaboration":"Prepared In cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters and the Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Anoka, Chisago, Isanti, Sherburne, and Stearns Counties","usgsCitation":"Anderson, H.W., 1993, Effects of agricultural and residential land use on ground-water quality, Anoka Sand Plain Aquifer, east-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4074, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934074.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":54939,"text":"wdrPA911 - 1993 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1991. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T17:16:47.072539","indexId":"wdrPA911","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-91-1","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1991. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA911","usgsCitation":"Kolva, J., White, T., Druther, R., and Moleski, P., 1993, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1991. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-91-1, xi, 342 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA911.","productDescription":"xi, 342 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/pa-91-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/pa-91-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania ","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.772705078125,\n              39.76632525654491\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4541015625,\n              39.93501296038254\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.65185546874999,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.08056640625,\n              40.212440718286466\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.157470703125,\n              40.455307212131494\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.783935546875,\n              41.43449030894922\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.311279296875,\n              41.918628865183045\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.618896484375,\n              42.02481360781777\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.09130859375,\n              41.934976500546604\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.31103515625,\n              41.20345619205131\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.365966796875,\n              40.64730356252251\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.904296875,\n              40.052847601823984\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.80541992187499,\n              39.690280594818034\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.772705078125,\n              39.76632525654491\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fad77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolva, J.R.","contributorId":64264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolva","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, T.E.","contributorId":89213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Druther, R.L.","contributorId":94376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druther","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moleski, P.","contributorId":44983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moleski","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2687,"text":"wsp2364 - 1993 - Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15987,"text":"ofr87701 - 1988 - Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79","indexId":"ofr87701","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2687,"text":"wsp2364 - 1993 - Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79","indexId":"wsp2364","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:02:49","indexId":"wsp2364","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2364","title":"Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79","docAbstract":"Data collected at 152 sampling sites during 1970-79 were used to characterize fluvial sediment in North Carolina streams. On the basis of predominant land use in individual basins, sites were categorized into one of five groups: forested (7 sites), forested and affected by minor development (7 sites), rural affected by agriculture (83 sites), rural affected by nonagricultural activities (38 sites), and urban (17 sites). Results of >13,000 suspended sediment samples collected during the study were used to determine sediment yield, sediment discharge, concentrations, and other site and basin characteristics. Fluvial sediment characteristics, such as yields, are regionalized, with lower values occurring in the Coastal Plain Province. Statewide, when compared by predominant land use, minimum annual yields occur in forested basins and range from 5-88 tons/sq mi; ratios of average annual yields for forested, rural-agricultural, and urban sites in the Piedmont Province are approximately 1:6:14, respectively. During high flow (0.1% flow duration) in Piedmont basins, the mean suspended sediment concentration for large urban streams is about 1,600 mg/L as compared with 870 mg/L for rural-agricultural sites and 100 mg/L for forested sites. Maximum sediment yields of rural-agricultural basins occur in predominantly clay soil areas of the western Piedmont, with annual values of as much as 470 tons/sq mi, whereas minimum yields as small as 7 tons/sq mi occur in the sandy soil of the Coastal Plain Province. Considerable amounts of fluvial sediment are deposited on flood plains and streambeds as major rivers flow from the rolling Piedmont Province into the flat Coastal Plain Province. For example, >130,000 tons are deposited annually in an 85 mi stretch of the Neuse River between stations at Smithfield and Kinston. Mathematical relations were developed for estimating suspended sediment transport characteristics at unmeasured rural-agricultural sites and urban sites in the Piedmont. Correlation coefficients for the relations range from 0.75 to 0.98, and standard errors of estimate range from 25% to 74%. The best single-variable equation used log-transformed values of drainage area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2364","usgsCitation":"Simmons, C.E., 1993, Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2364, vi, 84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2364.","productDescription":"vi, 84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2364/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29044,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2364/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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,{"id":21087,"text":"ofr9382 - 1993 - Ground Water in Kilauea Volcano and Adjacent Areas of Mauna Loa Volcano, Island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"ofr9382","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-82","title":"Ground Water in Kilauea Volcano and Adjacent Areas of Mauna Loa Volcano, Island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"About 1,000 million gallons of water per day moves toward or into ground-water bodies of Kilauea Volcano from the lavas of Mauna Loa Volcano. This movement continues only to the northern boundaries of the east and southwest rift zones of Kilauea, where a substantial quantity of ground water is deflected downslope to other ground-water bodies or to the ocean. In the western part of Kilauea, the kaoiki fault system, which parallels the southwest rift zone, may be the main barrier to ground-water movement. The diversion of the ground water is manifested in the western part of Kilauea by the presence of large springs at the shore end of the Kaoiki fault system, and in the eastern part by the apparently large flow of unheated basal ground water north of the east rift zone. Thus, recharge to ground water in the rift zones of Kilauea and to the areas to the south of the rift zones may be largely by local rainfall. Recharge from rainfall for all of Kilauea is about 1,250 million gallons per day.\r\n\r\nBeneath the upper slopes of the Kilauea rift zones, ground-water levels are 2,000 feet or more above mean sea level, or more than 1,000 feet below land surface. Ground-water levels are at these high altitudes because numerous and closely spaced dikes at depth in the upper slopes impound the ground water. In the lower slopes, because the number of dikes decreases toward the surface, the presence of a sufficient number of dikes capable of impounding ground water at altitudes substantially above sea level is unlikely. In surrounding basal ground-water reservoirs, fresh basal ground water floats on seawater and, through a transition zone of mixed freshwater and seawater, discharges into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hydraulic conductivity of the dike-free lavas ranges from about 3,000 to about 7,000 feet per day. The conductivity in the upper slopes of the rift ranges from about 5 to 30 feet per day and that of the lower slopes of the east rift zone was calculated at about 7,000 feet per day.\r\n\r\nThe occurrence of heated basal water south of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea indicates the movement of a large quantity of geothermally heated ground water southward from the rift zone. There is little indication of similar movement of water from the upper slopes of the east rift zone, and there is no obvious movement of heated water from the lower east rift to the north because of the absence of heated ground water north of the rift zone.\r\n\r\nA broad range in temperature and chemical composition of geothermally modified ground water indicates several different sources. Four possible sources are (1) cold meteoric water, (2) cold seawater, (3) hydrothermal fluids of meteoric origin, and (4) hydrothermally modified seawater. The chloride-ion to magnesium-ion ratio of ground water indicates whether the water has been geothermally modified. A ratio greater than 15 to 1 generally denotes geothermally modified ground water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr9382","usgsCitation":"Takasaki, K.J., 1993, Ground Water in Kilauea Volcano and Adjacent Areas of Mauna Loa Volcano, Island of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-82, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9382.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50680,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545623","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takasaki, Kiyoshi J.","contributorId":105700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takasaki","given":"Kiyoshi","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54942,"text":"wdrPA921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1992. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T20:56:16.514991","indexId":"wdrPA921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1992. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA921","usgsCitation":"White, K.E., White, T., Druther, R., and Moleski, P., 1993, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1992. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-92-1, xi, 340 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA921.","productDescription":"xi, 340 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/pa-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":379122,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/pa-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":54944,"text":"wdrPA923 - 1993 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1992. Volume 3: Ohio and St. Lawrence River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-29T21:21:21.068832","indexId":"wdrPA923","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-92-3","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1992. Volume 3: Ohio and St. Lawrence River basins","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1992 water year for Pennsylvania consists of records of discharge and water quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 3, includes records from the Ohio and St. Lawrence River basins. Specifically, it contains: (1) discharge records for 69 continuous record streamflow-gaging stations and 12 partial-record stations; (2) elevation and contents records for 3 lakes and reservoirs; (3) water-quality records for 3 streamflow-gaging stations and 36 partial-record stations; and (4) water-level records for 20 network observation wells. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 4-5. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data, together with the data in Volume 1 and 2, represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA923","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsburgh District, and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Lescinsky, J.B., Coll, M., and Siwicki, R., 1993, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1992. 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,{"id":26108,"text":"wri924077 - 1993 - Hydrogeology of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley, Waukesha County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T13:40:36","indexId":"wri924077","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4077","title":"Hydrogeology of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley, Waukesha County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the areal extent, thickness, and hydraulic properties of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley south of the city of Waukesha in southeastern Wisconsin. In the 40- square-mile study area, the preglacial bedrock valley underlies an area across which the Fox River flows. A previous regional study of the area indicated that extensive glacial sand and gravel deposits may exist in the preglacial bedrock valley. New test-hole, well-construction, and seismic data collected from 1986 through 1991 showed that the preglacial bedrock valley immediately south of the city of Waukesha is narrower and shallower than previously thought. However, these data indicate that thicknesses of saturated glacial deposits in excess of 250 feet exist in a 1- to 2-mile-wide part of the valley in the southern part of the study area. Test-hole logs indicate that clean sand and gravel deposits are present in a shallow part of the preglacial bedrock valley. Fifty to sixty feet of silty and clayey sand and gravel deposits appear to underlie varying thicknesses of relatively impermeable clay till in the center of the study area. Ground water flows from upland areas on the eastern and western sides of the Fox River and discharges to the Fox River and wetlands adjacent to the river.</p>\n<p>Results of a 6.5-hour aquifer test indicate that the silty sand and gravel deposits have an average transmissivity of about 140 feet squared per day and an average storage coefficient of about 1.2x10\"3 at one location. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity of these deposits averages about 4 feet per day. Analysis of drawdown indicates that these deposits are part of a leaky confined-aquifer system and that some water is derived from storage in an overlying clay layer. The transmissivity value determined from this aquifer test and a lack of clean sand and gravel encountered in other test holes indicate that glacial deposits at these sites may not yield enough water for a large municipal water supply. Sand and gravel deposits, capable of development as a municipal supply, may be present in the southern part of the study area. However, additional test holes are needed to determine whether adequate sand and gravel deposits underlie this area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Waukesha Water Utility","usgsCitation":"Batten, W.G., and Conlon, T., 1993, Hydrogeology of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley, Waukesha County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4077, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924077.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54904,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Waukesha County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.5401,43.1978],[-88.4183,43.1964],[-88.3027,43.1954],[-88.1827,43.1948],[-88.0639,43.194],[-88.0664,43.1076],[-88.0682,43.0202],[-88.0692,42.9725],[-88.0675,42.9334],[-88.0699,42.8447],[-88.1868,42.8451],[-88.3044,42.8444],[-88.5413,42.8445],[-88.5413,42.9341],[-88.5407,43.0232],[-88.5407,43.111],[-88.5401,43.1978]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Waukesha\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62460a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batten, W. G.","contributorId":89504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batten","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conlon, T.D. 0000-0002-5899-7187","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-7187","contributorId":97947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25543,"text":"wri924184 - 1993 - Geophysical logging studies in the Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory — Wells 44, 45, and 46","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T21:54:37.220993","indexId":"wri924184","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4184","title":"Geophysical logging studies in the Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory — Wells 44, 45, and 46","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924184","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., Barrash, W., Paillet, F.L., and Taylor, T., 1993, Geophysical logging studies in the Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory — Wells 44, 45, and 46: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4184, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924184.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394785,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47726.htm"},{"id":54263,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4184/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4184/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.9583,\n              43.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9167,\n              43.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9167,\n              43.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9583,\n              43.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9583,\n              43.55\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bdab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrash, Warren","contributorId":72829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrash","given":"Warren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, T. A.","contributorId":70014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"T. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25573,"text":"wri934114 - 1993 - Hydrogeology and land subsidence, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California, January 1989-December 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T18:18:38.798728","indexId":"wri934114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4114","title":"Hydrogeology and land subsidence, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California, January 1989-December 1991","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934114","usgsCitation":"Londquist, C., Rewis, D., Galloway, D., and McCaffrey, W.F., 1993, Hydrogeology and land subsidence, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California, January 1989-December 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4114, vi, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934114.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p.","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54292,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414111,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47828.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.975,\n              34.8083\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8833,\n              34.8083\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8833,\n              34.8936\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.975,\n              34.8936\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.975,\n              34.8083\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62558a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Londquist, C.J.","contributorId":86796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Londquist","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rewis, D. L.","contributorId":81514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rewis","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCaffrey, W. F.","contributorId":18001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffrey","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25584,"text":"wri934047 - 1993 - Hydrogeology, simulated ground-water flow, and ground-water quality, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri934047","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4047","title":"Hydrogeology, simulated ground-water flow, and ground-water quality, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","docAbstract":"Ground water is the primary source of water in the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base area. The aquifer consists of glacial sands and gravels that fill a buried bedrock-valley system. Consolidated rocks in the area consist of poorly permeable Ordovician shale of the Richmondian stage, in the upland areas, the Brassfield Limestone of Silurian age. The valleys are filled with glacial sediments of Wisconsinan age consisting of clay-rich tills and coarse-grained outwash deposits. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity of the shales based on results of displacement/recovery tests range from 0.0016 to 12 feet per day; estimates for the glacial sediments range from less than 1 foot per day to more than 1,000 feet per day.\r\n\r\nGround water flow from the uplands towards the valleys and the major rivers in the region, the Great Miami and the Mad Rivers. Hydraulic-head data indicate that ground water flows between the bedrock and unconsolidated deposits. Data from a gain/loss study of the Mad River System and hydrographs from nearby wells reveal that the reach of the river next to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is a ground-water discharge area.\r\n\r\nA steady-state, three-dimensional ground-water-flow model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in the region. The model contains three layers and encompasses about 100 square miles centered on Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Ground water enters the modeled area primarily by river leakage and underflow at the model boundary. Ground water exits the modeled area primarily by flow through the valleys at the model boundaries and through production wells. A model sensitivity analysis involving systematic changes in values of hydrologic parameters in the model indicates that the model is most sensitive to decreases in riverbed conductance and vertical conductance between the upper two layers. The analysis also indicates that the contribution of water to the buried-valley aquifer from the bedrock that forms the valley walls is about 2 to 4 percent of the total ground-water flow in the study area.\r\n\r\nGround waters in the vicinity of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base can be classified into two compositional groups on the basis of their chemical composition: calcium magnesium bicarbonate-type and sodium chloride-type waters. Calcium magnesium bicarbonate-type waters are found in the glacial deposits and the Brassfield Limestone, whereas the sodium chloride waters are exclusively associated with the shales. Equilibrium speciation calculations indicate that ground water of the glacial drift aquifer is in equilibrium with calcite, dolomite, and chalcedony, but is undersaturated with respect to gypsum and fluorite. Waters from the shales are slightly supersaturated with respect to calcite, dolomite, and siderite but are undersaturated with respect to chalcedony. Simple-mass balance calculations treating boron as a conservative species indicate that little (< 5 percent) or no recharge from the shales to the glacial drift aquifer takes place.\r\n\r\nData on the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen indicate a meteoric origin for all ground water beneath Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, but the data were inconclusive with respect to identification of distinct isotopic differences between water collected from the glacial drift and bedrock aquifers. Tritium concentrations used to distinguish waters having a pre-and post-1953 recharge component indicate that most water entered the glacial drift aquifer after 1953. This finding indicates that recharge from shallow to deep parts (greater than 150 feet) of the aquifer takes place over time intervals of a few years or decades. However, the fact that some deep parts of the glacial aquifer did not contain measurable tritium indicates that ground-water flow from recharge zones to these parts of the aquifer takes decades or longer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934047","usgsCitation":"Dumouchelle, D., Schalk, C.W., Rowe, G., and De Roche, J., 1993, Hydrogeology, simulated ground-water flow, and ground-water quality, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4047, viii, 152 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934047.","productDescription":"viii, 152 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54318,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614a47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumouchelle, D.H.","contributorId":83144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumouchelle","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schalk, C. W.","contributorId":64286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, G.L.","contributorId":23978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De Roche, J.T.","contributorId":66691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Roche","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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