The copper districts in the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii) are shown on the accompanying map. In compiling the map, the estimated total quantity of copper present before mining was used to assign districts to size categories, and both production and reserves are included without distinction as to the status of exploitation. Four categories have been distinguished: deposits that contain 50+ to 1,000 tons; 1,000 to 50,000 tons; 50,000 to 1 million tons; and over 1 million tons of copper respectively. In many of the smaller deposits copper occurs with other metals, as gold, silver; lead, or zinc, that may be quantitatively and economically more important than the contained copper. Thus, for example, a deposit that contains large values in gold or zinc may contain only a small amount of copper and is shown on this map as a small copper deposit.
Five principal morphologic types of deposits have been distinguished on the map by letter symbols. These are disseminated, replacement, vein, massive sulfide, and native copper deposits (see Explanation). They are not strictly genetic types, however, for the disseminated deposits, the massive sulfide deposits, and many of the vein deposits were formed largely or entirely by replacement processes.
The symbols show either individual mines or the approximate centers of districts. Some of the more prominent districts are identified by name on the map, and all with over 1,000 tons of copper are numbered to correspond to the Locality Index. As mining district names do not always correspond to locality names, and a name established through common usage may not be the legal name of the mining district, several names are given in the index for some localities. The index is arranged alphabetically by States. Both published and unpublished data were used, and at least one reference is given for each locality if reports on it have been published.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mr13","usgsCitation":"Kinkel, A.R., and Peterson, N.P., 1962, Copper in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Resource Map 13, Report: 15 p.; 1 Plate: 64.20 x 42.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mr13.","productDescription":"Report: 15 p.; 1 Plate: 64.20 x 42.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485338,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/13/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260477,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/13/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/13/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"3168000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.25,24.25 ], [ -127.25,49.25 ], [ -66.5,49.25 ], [ -66.5,24.25 ], [ -127.25,24.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinkel, Arthur R. Jr.","contributorId":27440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinkel","given":"Arthur","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, N. P.","contributorId":29827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":62029,"text":"mr24 - 1962 - Gold in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":43157,"text":"ofr6185 - 1961 - Gold in the United States","indexId":"ofr6185","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Gold in the United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":62029,"text":"mr24 - 1962 - Gold in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","indexId":"mr24","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Gold in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T18:17:10.73584","indexId":"mr24","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":324,"text":"Mineral Investigations Resource Map","code":"MR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"24","title":"Gold in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the distribution of the principal gold mining districts in the United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii). Only those districts that have produced 10,000 ounces of gold or more are shown. Gold ore reserves were not considered, and the types of deposits are not shown. Based on total output, the gold-producing districts have been classified into three categories on the map: (1) those that have an output of 10,000 to 100,000 ounces, (2) those with an output of 100,000to 1,000,000 ounces, and (3) and those with an output of more than 1,000,000 ounces. Each category is represented by a particular map symbol, and the symbol is placed at the approximate center of the mining district.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mr24","usgsCitation":"Koschmann, A.H., and Bergendahl, M., 1962, Gold in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Resource Map 24, Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 64.06 x 42.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mr24.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 64.06 x 42.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486415,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/24/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/24/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":260478,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/24/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"3168000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.25,24.25 ], [ -127.25,49.25 ], [ -66.5,49.25 ], [ -66.5,24.25 ], [ -127.25,24.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674095","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koschmann, Albert Herbert","contributorId":77525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschmann","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"Herbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergendahl, M.H.","contributorId":23538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergendahl","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":35231,"text":"b1031D - 1962 - Geology of waterpower sites on Crater Lake, Long Lake, and Speel River near Juneau, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14985,"text":"ofr5678 - 1956 - Geology of waterpower sites on Crater Lake, Long Lake, and Speel River near Juneau, Alaska","indexId":"ofr5678","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of waterpower sites on Crater Lake, Long Lake, and Speel River near Juneau, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35231,"text":"b1031D - 1962 - Geology of waterpower sites on Crater Lake, Long Lake, and Speel River near Juneau, Alaska","indexId":"b1031D","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geology of waterpower sites on Crater Lake, Long Lake, and Speel River near Juneau, Alaska"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":23488,"text":"ofr5661 - 1956 - Waterpower possibilities of Crater Lake, Long Lake, and Speel River near Juneau, Alaska","indexId":"ofr5661","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Waterpower possibilities of Crater Lake, Long Lake, and Speel River near Juneau, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35231,"text":"b1031D - 1962 - Geology of waterpower sites on Crater Lake, Long Lake, and Speel River near Juneau, Alaska","indexId":"b1031D","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geology of waterpower sites on Crater Lake, Long Lake, and Speel River near Juneau, Alaska"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:36","indexId":"b1031D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1031","chapter":"D","title":"Geology of waterpower sites on Crater Lake, Long Lake, and Speel River near Juneau, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1031D","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.C., 1962, Geology of waterpower sites on Crater Lake, Long Lake, and Speel River near Juneau, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1031, p. 71-101, ill., map (1 fold. in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1031D.","productDescription":"p. 71-101, ill., map (1 fold. in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109195,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20618.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20618"},{"id":167802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1031d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247544,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1031d/plate-7.pdf","size":"3053","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63109,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1031d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, John Charles","contributorId":97884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":62030,"text":"mr25 - 1962 - Tungsten in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44128,"text":"ofr6187 - 1961 - Tungsten in the United States","indexId":"ofr6187","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Tungsten in the United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":62030,"text":"mr25 - 1962 - Tungsten in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","indexId":"mr25","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Tungsten in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-20T16:46:58.868673","indexId":"mr25","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":324,"text":"Mineral Investigations Resource Map","code":"MR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"25","title":"Tungsten in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the tungsten deposits of the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii). The relative importance of the deposits, groups, or districts is shown by four symbols, indicating tungsten contents of: (1) greater than 10,000 short tons of tungsten metal, (2) 10,000 to 500 tons, (3) 500 to 10 tons, and (4) less than 10 tons. In assigning size, production plus estimated reserves were taken into account, and also, for some deposits or areas, the presence of tungsten in large quantity but very low concentration.
The map symbols, plotted to the nearest minute, make no distinction between individual deposits and groups of deposits or districts; about 590 map symbols represent several times this number of deposits because many symbols stand for clusters of deposits spaced too closely to show individually at the scale used. All localities are numbered consecutively in each state and are identified in the Locality Index. Unpublished information has been used extensively. The tungsten data for Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming were compiled by Tweto, and those for the remaining states by Lemmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mr25","usgsCitation":"Lemmon, D., and Tweto, O.L., 1962, Tungsten in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Resource Map 25, Report: 25 p.; 1 Plate: 64.02 x 40.70 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mr25.","productDescription":"Report: 25 p.; 1 Plate: 64.02 x 40.70 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/25/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":434851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/25/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":434852,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/25/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"3168000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.25,24.25 ], [ -127.25,49.25 ], [ -66.5,49.25 ], [ -66.5,24.25 ], [ -127.25,24.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623ffe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemmon, D.M.","contributorId":16007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemmon","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tweto, Ogden L.","contributorId":84435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweto","given":"Ogden","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":42932,"text":"ofr6216 - 1962 - Preliminary geologic map of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42932,"text":"ofr6216 - 1962 - Preliminary geologic map of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska","indexId":"ofr6216","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39102,"text":"pp303H - 1966 - Geology of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska. Part 3, areal geology","indexId":"pp303H","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Geology of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska. Part 3, areal geology"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39102,"text":"pp303H - 1966 - Geology of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska. Part 3, areal geology","indexId":"pp303H","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska. Part 3, areal geology"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T11:57:56.126577","indexId":"ofr6216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"62-16","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6216","usgsCitation":"Brosge, W.P., and Whittington, C.L., 1962, Preliminary geologic map of the Umiat-Maybe Creek region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 62-16, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6216.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":386851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/10675","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umiat-Maybe Creek region","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosge, William Peters","contributorId":40191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Peters","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittington, Charles L.","contributorId":52642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittington","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":62033,"text":"mr15 - 1962 - Lead in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46121,"text":"ofr6194 - 1961 - Lead in the United States","indexId":"ofr6194","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Lead in the United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":62033,"text":"mr15 - 1962 - Lead in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","indexId":"mr15","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Lead in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-02T16:12:06.01515","indexId":"mr15","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":324,"text":"Mineral Investigations Resource Map","code":"MR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"Lead in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","docAbstract":"The productive lead districts in the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii) are shown on the accompanying map. The map is at a scale of 1: 3,168,000, (50 miles to the inch). Only those districts known or believed to contain 1,000 short tons or more of lead are shown; individual deposits within districts are not represented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mr15","usgsCitation":"McKnight, E.T., Heyl, A.V., and Newman, W.L., 1962, Lead in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Resource Map 15, Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 64.12 x 42.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mr15.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 64.12 x 42.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485344,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/15/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260480,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/15/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180163,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/15/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"3168000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.25,24.25 ], [ -127.25,49.25 ], [ -66.5,49.25 ], [ -66.5,24.25 ], [ -127.25,24.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Edwin Thor","contributorId":61812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"Thor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heyl, Allen Van","contributorId":91078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyl","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"Van","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newman, William Louis","contributorId":7344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Louis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39235,"text":"pp236C - 1962 - Foraminifera from the Arctic Slope of Alaska; Part 3, Cretaceous Foraminifera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:15","indexId":"pp236C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"236","chapter":"C","title":"Foraminifera from the Arctic Slope of Alaska; Part 3, Cretaceous Foraminifera","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp236C","usgsCitation":"Tappan, H., 1962, Foraminifera from the Arctic Slope of Alaska; Part 3, Cretaceous Foraminifera: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 236, p. 91-203, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp236C.","productDescription":"p. 91-203","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0236c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66961,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0236c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de48d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tappan, Helen","contributorId":66330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32767,"text":"pp426 - 1962 - Data on uranium and radium in ground water in the United States, 1954 to 1957","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T22:35:54.445213","indexId":"pp426","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"426","title":"Data on uranium and radium in ground water in the United States, 1954 to 1957","docAbstract":"This report is one of a series resulting from a study by the U.S. Geological Survey to determine the occurrence and distribution of naturally radioactive substances in water. From 1954-57 uranium and radium concentrations were determined in 561 samples, mainly of ground water, having wide geologic and geographic distribution. These concentrations, together with data on the hydrologic and geologic environment, the beta-gamma activity, and the chemical characteristics of each sample, are tabulated by States.
The conterminous United States was subdivided into 10 geotectonic regions to facilitate statistical interpretation of the occurrence of uranium and radium in fresh water in approximately homogeneous geologic provinces. For each geotectonic region, the range and median were determined for the concentrations of radium and uranium; for regions from which sufficient data were available, log-normal frequency distribution curves were calculated and superimposed on histograms of radium and uranium concentrations in the samples. An \"anomaly threshold\" is suggested for both radioelements for each region analyzed statistically. The western stable region had the greatest median and highest \"anomaly threshold\" for uranium. This region also had the highest \"anomaly threshold\" for radium, but the largest median for radium was found for samples collected in the Ozark-Ouachita system. The median concentration for uranium was lowest for the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain and the Pacific orogenic belt. This latter region also had the lowest median-radium content.
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In 1958 the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Weather Bureau jointly conducted a study of tritium fallout distribution over the continental United States, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. The observation period extended from early April to late July in most areas. While this was insufficient to cover the decay side of the curve, it was sufficiently long to establish general trends of tritium activity contours. Tritium activities were found to be maximum in the north central part of the country and minimum in coastal areas. The tritium activities show an inverse correlation with chloride concentrations in precipitation. Tritium activities in precipitation appear to be influenced by several “low altitude effects” particularly in storms of brief duration. Ground level tritium activity measurements are not directly representative of tritium in cloud moisture because of these effects.
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States","indexId":"ofr6156","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Magnesite and brucite in the United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":61978,"text":"mr27 - 1962 - Magnesite and brucite in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","indexId":"mr27","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Magnesite and brucite in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-24T19:21:38.71232","indexId":"mr27","displayToPublicDate":"1962-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":324,"text":"Mineral Investigations Resource Map","code":"MR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"27","title":"Magnesite and brucite in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","docAbstract":"The important deposits of magnesite (MgCO3) and brucite (MgO.H2O) in the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii) are shown on the accompanying map. Single deposits and groups of deposits are shown by geometric symbols according to four size categories based on estimated production plus reserves. These categories are: less than 10,000 tons, 10,000 to 100,000 tons, 100,000 to 1,000,000 tons, and more than 1,000,000 tons. Occurrences of mineralogic interest only are not shown. All map locations are numbered consecutively in each State and keyed to the locality index. The geographical coordinates in the locality index represent the centers of the geometric symbols. Thus, the same coordinates are assigned to all deposits covered by a group symbol.
The map was compiled from published reports and data in the files of the United States Geological Survey. The names, geographic coordinates, and geologic types of deposits are given in the locality index. The principal published reports used in compiling the map are listed in the selected references.
The main types of commercial deposits of magnesite in the United States are: (1) replacement bodies in limestone and dolomite; (2) replacements and veins in serpentine; and (3) sedimentary beds. Other magnesite deposits of varied origin and less common occurrence include beds associated with talc, chlorite, and mica schists; and veins and lenses in altered tuffs.
Brucite is a relatively rare mineral of secondary origin which usually accompanies other magnesian minerals, particularly magnesite and hydromagnesite, and is associated with carbonate rocks and serpentine.
Magnesite was first mined in California in 1886, and the State was the only domestic producer until the development of the Washington deposits began in 1916. In recent years, the main production of magnesite has been from Stevens County, Washington, and Nye County, Nevada. Production in California has been intermittent since 1945. Magnesite deposits in Texas were mined during and immediately after World War II. At present (1961) the only brucite deposits being worked are those at Gabbs, Nye County, Nevada. They have been mined almost continuously since 1935.
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