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,{"id":70169050,"text":"70169050 - 1993 - Hydrologic and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T11:53:59","indexId":"70169050","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers","docAbstract":"Selected herbicides, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) metabolites, and NO−3 were examined in near-surface unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers in the midcontinental USA to study the hydrogeologic, spatial, and seasonal distribution of these contaminants. Groundwater samples were collected from 303 wells during the spring and late summer of 1991. At least one herbicide or atrazine metabolite was detected in 24% of the samples collected for herbicide analysis (reporting limit 0.05 µg/L). No herbicide concentration exceeded the USEPA's maximum contaminant level (MCL) or health advisory level. The most frequently detected compound was the at razine metabolite deethylatrazine [2-amino-4-chloro-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] followed by atrazine, deisopropylatrazine [2-amino-4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine], prometon (2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methyoxy-s-triazine), metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1methylethyl)acetamide], alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], metribuzin [4-amino-6-(tert-butyl)-3-methylthio-as-triazine-5(4H)-one], simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine], and cyanazine [2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile]. Nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen (N), exceeding 3.0 mg/L (excess NO−3), was found in 29% of the samples, and 6% had −3exceeding the MCL of 10 mg/L. Ammonium as N was detected in excess of 0.01 mg/L in 78% of the samples. A nonlinear increase in the frequency of atrazine detection occurred with decreases in reporting limit. The frequency of atrazine residue detection (atrazine + deethylatrazine + deisopropylatrazine) was 25% greater than for atrazine alone. Herbicide detections and excess NO−3 were notably lacking in the eastern part of the study region where it was estimated that herbicide and fertilizer use were among the largest in the region. Prometon, the second most frequently detected herbicide, was associated with non-agricultural land use. Herbicide and excess NO−3 were more frequent in unconsolidated aquifers than in bedrock aquifers. Aquifer depth, as direct measurement of proximity to recharge sources, was inversely related to frequency of herbicide detection and excess NO−3.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040002x","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M.R., and Kolpin, D.W., 1993, Hydrologic and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 4, p. 646-656, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040002x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e7e0b9e4b0f59b85d6aa75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, Michael R.","contributorId":75512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70169049,"text":"70169049 - 1993 - Application of a geographic information system in analyzing the occurrence of atrazine in groundwater of the mid-continental United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T11:47:12","indexId":"70169049","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of a geographic information system in analyzing the occurrence of atrazine in groundwater of the mid-continental United States","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey, US Department of Agriculture, and US Environmental Protection Agency are conducting research and regional assessments in support of policy alternatives intended to protect water resources from agricultural chemical contamination. The mid-continent was selected because of the intense row crop agriculture and associated herbicide application in this region. An application of a geographic information system is demonstrated for analyzing and comparing the distribution of estimated atrazine use to the detection rate of atrazine in groundwater. Understanding the relations between atrazine use and detection in groundwater is important in policy deliberations to protect water resources. Relational analyses between measures of chemical use and detection rate by natural resource units may provide insight into critical factors controlling the processes that result in groundwater contamination from agricultural chemicals.
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,{"id":70170929,"text":"70170929 - 1993 - Occurrence of agricultural chemicals in ground water at the Princeton, Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:46:40","indexId":"70170929","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Occurrence of agricultural chemicals in ground water at the Princeton, Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"Agricultural Research to Protect Water Quality","conferenceDate":"February 21-24, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Landon, M., Delin, G., Guo, L., Regan, C., Lamb, J., Dowdy, R., and Anderson, J.L., 1993, Occurrence of agricultural chemicals in ground water at the Princeton, Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area, Agricultural Research to Protect Water Quality, Minneapolis, MN, February 21-24, 1993, p. 434-438.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"434","endPage":"438","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Princeton","otherGeospatial":"Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.62385749816895, 45.52312701460922 ], [ -93.62385749816895, 45.530222474607434 ], [ -93.6140513420105, 45.530222474607434 ], [ -93.6140513420105, 45.52312701460922 ], [ -93.62385749816895, 45.52312701460922 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"573457c9e4b0dae0d5ddd3d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guo, Lifeng","contributorId":169270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Lifeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regan, C.P.","contributorId":37364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamb, J.A.","contributorId":95898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dowdy, R.H.","contributorId":92275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowdy","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, J. L.","contributorId":103240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70230760,"text":"70230760 - 1993 - Klamath Falls earthquakes, September 20, 1993 — Including the strongest quake ever measured in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-25T15:28:01.877244","indexId":"70230760","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T10:14:34","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2956,"text":"Oregon Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Klamath Falls earthquakes, September 20, 1993 — Including the strongest quake ever measured in Oregon","docAbstract":"Earthquakes struck the Klamath Falls area on Monday night, September 20, 1993, resulting in two deaths and extensive damage. The quakes were felt as far away as Coos Bay to the west, Eugene to the north, Lakeview to the east, and Chico, California, to the south.
A foreshock recorded at 8:16 p.m. had a Richter magnitude of 3.9. The first of two main shocks, measuring 5.9 on the Richter scale, rumbled through Klamath Falls at 8:28 p.m. Following 16 smaller jolts with magnitudes between 2.2 and 3.8, the largest quake struck at 10:45 p.m. This earthquake, measuring 6.0 on the Richter scale, is the largest to hit Oregon since the 1873 Port Orford/Crescent City earthquake (Jacobson, 1986). Oregon has been shaken by stronger quakes, but those quakes originated beneath the Pacific Ocean west of Port Orford.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries","usgsCitation":"Wiley, T.J., Sherrod, D.R., Keefer, D.K., Qamar, A., Schuster, R.L., Dewey, J.W., Mabey, M.A., Black, G.L., and Wells, R.E., 1993, Klamath Falls earthquakes, September 20, 1993 — Including the strongest quake ever measured in Oregon: Oregon Geology, v. 55, no. 6, p. 127-134.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"134","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":399586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.oregongeology.org/pubs/pubsearch.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington","city":"Klamath Falls","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -118.21289062499999,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -118.21289062499999,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 39.977120098439634\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, T. J.","contributorId":92226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qamar, Anthony","contributorId":290580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qamar","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuster, Robert L.","contributorId":19162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dewey, James W. 0000-0001-8838-2450 jdewey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-2450","contributorId":5819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"James","email":"jdewey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mabey, Matthew A.","contributorId":290581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mabey","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Black, Gerald L.","contributorId":290582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":149772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70177762,"text":"70177762 - 1993 - Application of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-20T13:15:02","indexId":"70177762","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers","docAbstract":"The semipermeable membrane device (SPMD), consisting of a neutral lipid (triolein) enclosed in polyethylene layflat tubing, is demonstrated to be a highly efficient passive air sampler. These devices readily sequester lipophilic organic contaminants from the vapor phase. Specifically, the SPMDs are shown to concentrate polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues from a laboratory atmosphere in a linear manner through 28 days. Under the conditions of this study, a three device composite (1.4 g triolein) extracted PCB residues from ≈ 7 m3 of air per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(93)90143-S","usgsCitation":"Petty, J.D., Huckins, J.N., and Zajicek, J.L., 1993, Application of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers: Chemosphere, v. 27, no. 9, p. 1609-1624, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90143-S.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1609","endPage":"1624","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c7e4b0f497e78fcacc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zajicek, James L. jzajicek@usgs.gov","contributorId":2775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"James","email":"jzajicek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":651691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185435,"text":"70185435 - 1993 - Modeling steady-state methanogenic degradation of phenols in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:01:01","indexId":"70185435","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling steady-state methanogenic degradation of phenols in groundwater","docAbstract":"Field and microcosm observations of methanogenic phenolic compound degradation indicate that Monod kinetics governs the substrate disappearance but overestimates the observed biomass. In this paper we present modeling results from an ongoing multidisciplinary study of methanogenic biodegradation of phenolic compounds in a sand and gravel aquifer contaminated by chemicals and wastes used in wood treatment. Field disappearance rates of four phenols match those determined in batch microcosm studies previously performed by E.M. Godsy and coworkers. The degradation process appears to be at steady-state because even after a sustained influx over several decades, the contaminants still are disappearing in transport downgradient. The existence of a steady-state degradation profile of each substrate together with a low biomass density in the aquifer indicate that the bacteria population is exhibiting no net growth. This may be due to the oligotrophic nature of the biomass population in which utilization and growth are approximately independent of concentration for most of the concentration range. Thus a constant growth rate should exist over much of the contaminated area which may in turn be balanced by an unusually high decay or maintenance rate due to hostile conditions or predation.
The accumulation of soil water during rainfall events and the subsequent depletion of soil water by evaporation between storms can be described, to first order, by simple accounting models. When the alternating supplies (precipitation) and demands (potential evaporation) are viewed as random variables, it follows that soil-water storage, evaporation, and runoff are also random variables. If the forcing (supply and demand) processes are stationary for a sufficiently long period of time, an asymptotic regime should eventually be reached where the probability distribution functions of storage, evaporation, and runoff are stationary and uniquely determined by the distribution functions of the forcing. Under the assumptions that the potential evaporation rate is constant, storm arrivals are Poisson-distributed, rainfall is instantaneous, and storm depth follows an exponential distribution, it is possible to derive the asymptotic distributions of storage, evaporation, and runoff analytically for a simple balance model. A particular result is that the fraction of rainfall converted to runoff is given by (1 - R−1)/(eα(1−R−1) − R−1), in which R is the ratio of mean potential evaporation to mean rainfall and a is the ratio of soil water-holding capacity to mean storm depth. The problem considered here is analogous to the well-known problem of storage in a reservoir behind a dam, for which the present work offers a new solution for reservoirs of finite capacity. A simple application of the results of this analysis suggests that random, intraseasonal fluctuations of precipitation cannot by themselves explain the observed dependence of the annual water balance on annual totals of precipitation and potential evaporation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR01934","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., 1993, An analytic solution of the stochastic storage problem applicable to soil water: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 11, p. 3755-3758, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01934.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3755","endPage":"3758","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006082e4b0e85db3a5df0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014665,"text":"1014665 - 1993 - Annual movements of shortnose and Atlantic sturgeons the Merrimack River, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-06T15:35:05.528935","indexId":"1014665","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual movements of shortnose and Atlantic sturgeons the Merrimack River, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"We used biotelemetry to study the movements of 23 adult shortnose sturgeons Acipenser brevirostrum and 23 subadult Atlantic sturgeons Acipenser oxyrhynchus oxyrhynchus in the lower 46 km of the Merrimack River between 1987 and 1990. Shortnose sturgeons used two freshwater reaches and one saline reach annually. Sexually mature fish began moving upriver from freshwater wintering areas to a spawning site in April, when increasing river temperature reached about 7°C and decreasing river discharge reached about 570 m3/s. Following spawning in late April–early May, fish moved downriver either to a freshwater reach where they remained all year or farther downriver to a saline reach where they remained for up to 6 weeks. After fish used the saline reach, they returned upriver to fresh water. Atlantic sturgeons entered the river from coastal waters by mid–late May, when increasing river temperatures reached 14.8–19.0°C and decreasing river discharge reached 303–675 m3/s, occupying a saline reach with 0.0–27.5‰ salinity. After using the same saline reach visited briefly in spring by shortnose sturgeons, Atlantic sturgeons emigrated from the river by October when maximum river temperatures were 13.0–18.4°C. We observed no tagged Atlantic sturgeons in the river in successive years. Except for use of the saline reach during spring, the two species were spatially separate.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1088:AMOSAA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, M., and Kynard, B., 1993, Annual movements of shortnose and Atlantic sturgeons the Merrimack River, Massachusetts: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 122, no. 6, p. 1088-1103, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1088:AMOSAA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1088","endPage":"1103","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Merrimack River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.29164189556406,\n 42.70618623129391\n ],\n [\n -71.44703716105965,\n 42.695249712422665\n ],\n [\n -71.44932093480999,\n 42.6528233128552\n ],\n [\n -71.2322013940998,\n 42.65069572150384\n ],\n [\n -71.00131196175228,\n 42.753944471641034\n ],\n [\n -70.76130754350807,\n 42.800126318850005\n ],\n [\n -70.81620424072358,\n 42.867183854671424\n ],\n [\n -70.88938690496796,\n 42.8789393579728\n ],\n [\n -71.03052301295558,\n 42.865922056076855\n ],\n [\n -71.06564363799819,\n 42.80914055676836\n ],\n [\n -71.16021834863986,\n 42.8227631748571\n ],\n [\n -71.18706571994487,\n 42.74265202920765\n ],\n [\n -71.25535764395633,\n 42.74456747391726\n ],\n [\n -71.29164189556406,\n 42.70618623129391\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b9f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, M.C. 0000-0001-9310-018X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-018X","contributorId":26259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003157,"text":"1003157 - 1993 - Growth and mortality of larval sunfish in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-06T15:44:24.315054","indexId":"1003157","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and mortality of larval sunfish in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"We estimated the growth and mortality of larval sunfish Lepomis spp. in backwater habitats of the upper Mississippi River with an otolith‐based method and a length‐based method. Fish were sampled with plankton nets at one station in Navigation Pools 8 and 14 in 1989 and at two stations in Pool 8 in 1990. For both methods, growth was modeled with an exponential equation, and instantaneous mortality was estimated by regressing the natural logarithm of fish catch for each 1‐mm size‐group against the estimated age of the group, which was derived from the growth equations. At two of the stations, the otolith‐based method provided more precise estimates of sunfish growth than the length‐based method. We were able to compare length‐based and otolith‐based estimates of sunfish mortality only at the two stations where we caught the largest numbers of sunfish. Estimates of mortality were similar for both methods in Pool 14, where catches were higher, but the length‐based method gave significantly higher estimates in Pool 8, where the catches were lower. The otolith‐based method required more laboratory analysis, but provided better estimates of the growth and mortality than the length‐based method when catches were low. However, the length‐based method was more cost‐effective for estimating growth and mortality when catches were large.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1080:GAMOLS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Zigler, S.J., and Jennings, C., 1993, Growth and mortality of larval sunfish in backwaters of the upper Mississippi River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 122, no. 6, p. 1080-1087, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1080:GAMOLS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1080","endPage":"1087","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.31281541718155,\n 45.107429570207614\n ],\n [\n -91.63708360378831,\n 43.51116443180767\n ],\n [\n -90.85224177489205,\n 42.0502181844025\n ],\n [\n -91.79669684428936,\n 40.28270221332478\n ],\n [\n -90.71586306496908,\n 38.373707744056794\n ],\n [\n -89.63502928564883,\n 36.46471327478881\n ],\n [\n -88.87584674381966,\n 36.522335909403296\n ],\n [\n -90.1090290077692,\n 38.868184796060966\n ],\n [\n -91.06453389998158,\n 40.02057200622481\n ],\n [\n -90.86123232947048,\n 40.72582832750582\n ],\n [\n -89.8408880753197,\n 41.99919878732316\n ],\n [\n -90.81776494730315,\n 43.077488380741585\n ],\n [\n -91.19446180434727,\n 43.98010067685425\n ],\n [\n -92.60242846451888,\n 45.27523959728171\n ],\n [\n -93.31281541718155,\n 45.107429570207614\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zigler, S. J.","contributorId":21513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A.","contributorId":38504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180493,"text":"70180493 - 1993 - Prolonged swimming performance of northern squawfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-06T15:54:39.605022","indexId":"70180493","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prolonged swimming performance of northern squawfish","docAbstract":"We determined the prolonged swimming performance of two size-classes of northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis at 12 and 18°C. The percentage of fish fatigued was positively related to water velocity and best described by an exponential model. At 12°C, the velocity at which 50% of the fish fatigued (FV50) was estimated to be 2.91 fork lengths per second (FL/s; 100 cm/s) for medium-sized fish (30–39 cm) and 2.45 FL/s (104 cm/s) for large fish (40–49 cm). At 18°C, estimated FV50 was 3.12 FL/s (107 cm/s) for medium fish and 2.65 FL/s (112 cm/s) for large fish. Rate of change in percent fatigue was affected by fish size and water temperature. Large fish fatigued at a higher rate than medium-sized fish; all fish fatigued faster at 12 than at 18°C. The mean times to fatigue at velocities of 102–115 cm/s ranged from 14 to 28 min and were not affected by fish size or water temperature. Our results indicate that water velocities from 100 to 130 cm/s may exclude or reduce predation by northern squawfish around juvenile salmonid bypass outfalls at Columbia River dams, at least during certain times of the year. We recommend that construction or modification of juvenile salmonid bypass facilities place the outfall in an area of high water velocity and distant from eddies, submerged cover, and littoral areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(0)122<1104:PSPONS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., and Olson, T.M., 1993, Prolonged swimming performance of northern squawfish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 122, no. 6, p. 1104-1110, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(0)122<1104:PSPONS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1104","endPage":"1110","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334381,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.65623974647107,\n 49.01412527805786\n ],\n [\n -125.65623974647107,\n 44.77025605659105\n ],\n [\n -116.95972607862396,\n 44.77025605659105\n ],\n [\n -116.95972607862396,\n 49.01412527805786\n ],\n [\n -125.65623974647107,\n 49.01412527805786\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905efbe4b072a7ac0cada9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, Todd M.","contributorId":178862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186643,"text":"70186643 - 1993 - Soils developed in the glacial deposits of the type areas of the Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations, Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T16:20:30","indexId":"70186643","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soils developed in the glacial deposits of the type areas of the Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations, Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The degree of soil development in glacial deposits in the Fremont Lake area (FLA) and Bull Lake type area (BLTA) on opposite sides of the Wind River Range of western Wyoming is chiefly influenced by the ages of the parent materials although other soil-forming factors are important. Soil morphology, clay content, and calcium carbonate content are useful in distinguishing moraines of the Bull Lake glaciation (about 140 to 150 ka) from those of the Pinedale glaciation (about 14 to 35 ka) in these areas. In the FLA, soils in Bull Lake deposits have an average Profile Development Index (PDI) of 39 index-cm and average 15% clay and 7% calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and soils in Pinedale deposits have an average PDI of 25 index-cm and average 6% clay and 1% CaCO3. In the BLTA, soils in Bull Lake deposits have an average PDI of 26 index-cm and average 12% clay and 17% CaCO3, and soils in Pinedale deposits have an average PDI of 20 index-cm and average 9% clay and 11% CaCO3. Differences in soils of the same age between the two areas permit an evaluation of the influences of climate, texture and composition of the parent material, and surface erosion.
","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","doi":"10.2307/1551919","usgsCitation":"Hall, R.D., and Shroba, R.R., 1993, Soils developed in the glacial deposits of the type areas of the Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations, Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 25, no. 4, p. 368-373, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551919.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"368","endPage":"373","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Fremont Lake Area ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.12969970703125,\n 42.69152056761273\n ],\n [\n -109.50210571289062,\n 42.69152056761273\n ],\n [\n -109.50210571289062,\n 43.06587799626204\n ],\n [\n -110.12969970703125,\n 43.06587799626204\n ],\n [\n -110.12969970703125,\n 42.69152056761273\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75407e4b09da6799c0c8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Robert D.","contributorId":190635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186197,"text":"70186197 - 1993 - Correction of stream quality trends for the effects of laboratory measurement bias","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:26:05","indexId":"70186197","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correction of stream quality trends for the effects of laboratory measurement bias","docAbstract":"We present a statistical model relating measurements of water quality to associated errors in laboratory methods. Estimation of the model allows us to correct trends in water quality for long-term and short-term variations in laboratory measurement errors. An illustration of the bias correction method for a large national set of stream water quality and quality assurance data shows that reductions in the bias of estimates of water quality trend slopes are achieved at the expense of increases in the variance of these estimates. Slight improvements occur in the precision of estimates of trend in bias by using correlative information on bias and water quality to estimate random variations in measurement bias. The results of this investigation stress the need for reliable, long-term quality assurance data and efficient statistical methods to assess the effects of measurement errors on the detection of water quality trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR01708","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Smith, R.A., and Schwarz, G., 1993, Correction of stream quality trends for the effects of laboratory measurement bias: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 11, p. 3821-3833, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01708.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"3821","endPage":"3833","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6acae4b02ff32c6aea8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":687854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180654,"text":"70180654 - 1993 - Predation of juvenile salmonids by smallmouth bass and northern squawfish in the Columbia River near Richland, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-28T15:21:01.555204","indexId":"70180654","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation of juvenile salmonids by smallmouth bass and northern squawfish in the Columbia River near Richland, Washington","docAbstract":"The importance of juvenile salmonids in the diet of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu and northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis was examined at a 6-km stretch of the Columbia River. Piscivorous fish were sampled with electrofishing gear on 4 d (May 2–3 and June 20–21, 1990) during emigration of juvenile anadromous salmonids. Sixty-two smallmouth bass and 69 northern squawfish were collected for diet analysis. Juvenile salmonids made up 59% of smallmouth bass diet by weight and were present in 65% of the stomachs of smallmouth bass. By a meal turnover method, smallmouth bass were estimated to consume from 1.4 (May 2–3) to 1.0 (June 20–21) salmonids per predator daily. Crayfish were the dominant prey item (41.4% by weight) of northern squawfish, but juvenile salmonids (28.8%) were also important. Northern squawfish consumed from 0.55 (May 2–3) to 0.34 (June 20–21) salmonids per predator daily. Smallmouth bass and northern squawfish consumed mostly subyearling Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, which may have been wild Chinook salmon that emigrated downstream from the Hanford reach. Predation rates on salmonids by smallmouth bass are apparently high during spring and early summer because subyearling Chinook salmon are abundant and of suitable forage size and their habitat overlaps with that of smallmouth bass.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0831:POJSBS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Tabor, R.A., Shively, R.S., and Poe, T.P., 1993, Predation of juvenile salmonids by smallmouth bass and northern squawfish in the Columbia River near Richland, Washington: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 13, no. 4, p. 831-838, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0831:POJSBS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"831","endPage":"838","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Richland","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.31427001953125,\n 46.470024689385305\n ],\n [\n -119.21401977539061,\n 46.458673519829\n ],\n [\n -119.22225952148438,\n 46.35356299155248\n ],\n [\n -119.12200927734376,\n 46.25964487666549\n ],\n [\n -118.91464233398436,\n 46.15319980124842\n ],\n [\n -118.90640258789062,\n 46.11513371326539\n ],\n [\n -119.01763916015625,\n 46.11132565729796\n ],\n [\n -119.26208496093751,\n 46.234002878622505\n ],\n [\n -119.30877685546876,\n 46.3023549043942\n ],\n [\n -119.31564331054688,\n 46.45961954102543\n ],\n [\n -119.31427001953125,\n 46.470024689385305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bbe4b072a7ac12994e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tabor, Roger A.","contributorId":178981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tabor","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shively, Rip S. rsshively@usgs.gov","contributorId":233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"Rip","email":"rsshively@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poe, Thomas P.","contributorId":95008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014769,"text":"1014769 - 1993 - Evaluation of a bypass system for spent American shad at Holyoke Dam, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-28T15:50:41.080155","indexId":"1014769","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a bypass system for spent American shad at Holyoke Dam, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A bypass system for postspawned American shad Alosa sapidissima began operation in 1980 on the Connecticut River canal system at Holyoke Dam. The purpose of the bypass was to enable downstream migrants that enter the canal to exit and avoid death due to delay or passage through hydroelectric turbines at water use facilities. The bypass system had the following elements: (1) an underwater AC electrical or acoustic barrier to prevent American shad from leaving the bypass area, (2) an underwater DC electrical field to immobilize fish for collection, and (3) a collection box with transfer pipe to carry fish to the river below the dam. During studies of the bypass system from 1979 to 1983, we found that the fish barriers were ineffective, the collection system was partially effective for American shad but not for anadromous species that passed through trashracks, and American shad could be immobilized and transported at high velocity through a pipe and have only low mortality (4–9%). Radio‐tagged American shad, unwilling to pass through trashracks at water exits on the canal, behaved like trapped fish and were delayed an average of two or more days before dying or exiting the canal. An estimated 10 of 47 (21%) of the radio‐tagged fish were passed. In 1980, when the greatest number of American shad were passed, an estimated 142,000 (37% ofthe fish lifted at the dam) survived spawning and used the bypass. After several years of operation, it was evident that, even with major improvements, the bypass could not pass the available American shad, and it was not useful for protecting other anadromous migrants that did not avoid trashracks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0782:EOABSF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., and O'L'a'y, J., 1993, Evaluation of a bypass system for spent American shad at Holyoke Dam, Massachusetts: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 13, no. 4, p. 782-789, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0782:EOABSF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"782","endPage":"789","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130008,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Holyoke","otherGeospatial":"Holyoke Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.63678834490693,\n 42.23349622605383\n ],\n [\n -72.63678834490693,\n 42.18905455613927\n ],\n [\n -72.57169073263252,\n 42.18905455613927\n ],\n [\n -72.57169073263252,\n 42.23349622605383\n ],\n [\n -72.63678834490693,\n 42.23349622605383\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627b35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'L'a'y, J.","contributorId":10372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'L'a'y","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014663,"text":"1014663 - 1993 - Influence of phosphorus rainbow trout diets on phosphorus discharges effluent water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-06T16:06:21.990185","indexId":"1014663","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of phosphorus rainbow trout diets on phosphorus discharges effluent water","docAbstract":"Two experiments were conducted with rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to investigate the influence of several diets and supplemental phosphorus on discharges of phosphorus in hatchery effluent water. A diet was formulated to contain no fish meal and a reduced level of non‐phytin phosphorus (approximately 0.9%) provided, in part, by supplemental defluorinated rock phosphate, which has a low solubility in water. Feeding rainbow trout this diet supported 86% of the growth attained with a conventional hatchery diet while discharges of phosphorus in the effluents decreased by 40–51%.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1120:IOPIRT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ketola, H.G., and Harland, B., 1993, Influence of phosphorus rainbow trout diets on phosphorus discharges effluent water: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 122, no. 6, p. 1120-1126, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1120:IOPIRT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1120","endPage":"1126","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee65d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harland, B.F.","contributorId":46055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harland","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186245,"text":"70186245 - 1993 - Early Proterozoic ties between two suspect terranes and the Mojave crustal block of the Southwestern U.S","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T11:20:23","indexId":"70186245","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3566,"text":"The Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Proterozoic ties between two suspect terranes and the Mojave crustal block of the Southwestern U.S","docAbstract":"Southern California and adjacent areas contain two suspect or exotic terranes comprised largely of ancient continental crust, namely the Tujunga (San Gabriel) and Joshua Tree terranes, that have been considered part of a larger displaced terrane, the Santa Lucia-Orocopia allochthon. Paleomagnetic data for the allochthon indicate northward transport in excess of 2000 km and, thus, an origin extraneous to North America. However, Early Proterozoic plutons of the Mojave crustal block and the Joshua Tree and Tujunga terranes have strikingly comparable features, including: (1) crystallization ages of 1.63 to 1.68 Ga; (2) biotite + sphene + magnetite ![\"\"](\"http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/uchicago/journals/content/jg/1993/i30065147/648270/production/images/eqs/eq-00001.gif\")
hornblende ![\"\"](\"http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/uchicago/journals/content/jg/1993/i30065147/648270/production/images/eqs/eq-00002.gif\")
garnet mineralogy; (3) high LIL and enriched HFS elemental composition; (4) WPG (within-plate granite) trace element chemistry; (5) similar and unique oxygen isotopic compositions; and (6) distinct Pb and Nd isotopic signatures. These features of the Mojave block, which clearly originated as part of native North America, nevertheless distinguish it from crust elsewhere in North America. On the basis of data presented here, we conclude that the Tujunga terrane is a disrupted portion of the Mojave crustal block and is neither far-traveled nor exotic to North America. Its apparent \"exotic\" nature stems from derivation out of the middle crust. We also conclude that the Joshua Tree terrane is correlative to the Mojave block. We have found no significant evidence for its displacement and consider Joshua Tree to be contiguous with the Mojave block and thus not a valid terrane. The Tujunga (San Gabriel) and Joshua Tree terranes should not be considered as part of, or having shared the same transport as, the Santa Lucia-Orocopia allocthon.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/648270","usgsCitation":"Bender, E.E., Morrison, J., Anderson, J.L., and Wooden, J., 1993, Early Proterozoic ties between two suspect terranes and the Mojave crustal block of the Southwestern U.S: The Journal of Geology, v. 101, no. 6, p. 715-728, https://doi.org/10.1086/648270.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"715","endPage":"728","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f91e4b09da67997ed0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, E. Erik","contributorId":190273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bender","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Erik","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, Jean","contributorId":190274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Jean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, J. Lawford","contributorId":7275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207778,"text":"70207778 - 1993 - Survival of female canvasbacks wintering in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-10T11:05:31","indexId":"70207778","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-31T10:58:56","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of female canvasbacks wintering in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"Annual survival probabilities of female canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) are lower than those of males, but sources and timing of mortality are poorly understood. To further elucidate causes of reduced annual survival in female canvasbacks, we estimated survival rates for radio-tagged females in coastal Louisiana during winters 1988-91. Survival estimates for winters 1988-91 were 0.946 ± 0.072 (estimate ± 95% CI) for adults (n = 82) and 0.952 ± 0.065 for immatures (n = 51). High survival by females wintering in coastal Louisiana suggests that sex- and age-related differences in canvasback survival occur during other periods of the annual cycle or at other wintering or staging sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3809076","usgsCitation":"Hohman, W.L., Pritchert, R.D., Moore, J., and Schaeffer, D., 1993, Survival of female canvasbacks wintering in coastal Louisiana: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 57, no. 4, p. 758-762, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809076.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"758","endPage":"762","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.4007568359375,\n 28.98411731593083\n ],\n [\n -88.98376464843749,\n 28.98411731593083\n ],\n [\n -88.98376464843749,\n 30.320729603696027\n ],\n [\n -91.4007568359375,\n 30.320729603696027\n ],\n [\n -91.4007568359375,\n 28.98411731593083\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hohman, William L.","contributorId":73141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pritchert, Ronald D.","contributorId":218059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pritchert","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Joseph","contributorId":218163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaeffer, D.O.","contributorId":113264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70210407,"text":"70210407 - 1993 - The Manson Impact Structure: 40Ar/39Ar age and its distal impact ejecta in the Pierre Shale in southeastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T17:00:55.837453","indexId":"70210407","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-29T13:16:55","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Manson Impact Structure: 40Ar/39Ar age and its distal impact ejecta in the Pierre Shale in southeastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"The 40Ar/39Ar ages of a sanidine clast from a melt-matrix breccia of the Manson, Iowa, impact structure (MIS) indicate that the MIS formed 73.8 ± 0.3 million years ago (Ma) and is not coincident with the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (64.43 ± 0.05 Ma). The MIS sanidine is 9 million years older than 40Ar/39Ar age spectra of MIS shock-metamorphosed microcline and melt-matrix breccia interpreted earlier to be 64 to 65 Ma. Grains of shock-metamorphosed quartz, feldspar, and zircon were found in the Crow Creek Member (upper Campanian) at a biostratigraphic level constrained by radiometric ages in the Pierre Shale of South Dakota that are consistent with the 40Ar/39Ar age of 73.8 ± 0.3 Ma for MIS reported herein.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.262.5134.729","usgsCitation":"Izett, G., Cobban, W.A., Obradovich, J., and Kunk, M.J., 1993, The Manson Impact Structure: 40Ar/39Ar age and its distal impact ejecta in the Pierre Shale in southeastern South Dakota: Science, v. 262, no. 5134, p. 729-732, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.262.5134.729.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"732","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495735,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1231026","text":"External Repository"},{"id":375252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"262","issue":"5134","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izett, G. A.","contributorId":118300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izett","given":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobban, W. A.","contributorId":21577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obradovich, J.","contributorId":53953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70128319,"text":"70128319 - 1993 - Effects of wildfire on survival and regeneration of ponderosa pine in Glacier National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T13:19:22","indexId":"70128319","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-28T13:17:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Effects of wildfire on survival and regeneration of ponderosa pine in Glacier National Park","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 12th international conference on fire and forest meterology","conferenceTitle":"12th International Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology","conferenceDate":"1993-10-26T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Jekyll Island, GA","language":"English","publisher":"Society of American Foresters","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Willard, E.E., Wakimoto, R.H., and Ryan, K.C., 1993, Effects of wildfire on survival and regeneration of ponderosa pine in Glacier National Park, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500a5e4b0a4f4b46a238b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willard, E. E.","contributorId":38919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wakimoto, R. H.","contributorId":15127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wakimoto","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, K. C.","contributorId":65021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180639,"text":"70180639 - 1993 - Genetic comparison of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus isolates from North America and Europe ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T10:29:47","indexId":"70180639","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic comparison of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus isolates from North America and Europe ","docAbstract":"Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is the cdusative agent of a serious rhabdoviral d~sease of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus myklss in Europe The first isolation of the vlrus in North Amenca occurred In the fall of 1988 when it was recovered from adult chinook 0 tshawytscha and coho 0 klsutch salmon returning to 2 hatcher~es in the state of Washington, USA The following year, VHSV was isolated from adult coho salmon at 2 other hatcher~es in northwestern Washington In 1990 and 1991, VHSV was recovered from Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus caught in Pnnce Willlam Sound, Alaska Genetic vanation among the 4 isolates from salmon and the 1990 ~solate from Pacific cod was determ~ned uslng T1 nbonuclease finqerprlnt~ng In addition, 4 d~verse isolates from Europe were lncluded for companson The North Amencan isolates of VHSV formed a slngle fingerprint group In which the 4 isolates from salmonids were h~ghly similar to each other and the isolate from Pacific cod was related but less s~milar The 4 European ~solates which included an isolate from Atlantic cod G morhua, formed a second fingerpnnt group The genetic d~vers~ty among the isolates within each fingerpnnt group was estimated to be less than 5 % whlle the North Amencan and European strains of the virus were judged to differ by more than 5% The results indicate that the North Amerlcan isolates of VHSV are not of European ongln and that the virus may be enzootic wlthin the manne environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao017073","usgsCitation":"Oshima, K., Higman, K., Arakawa, C., de Kinkelin, P., Jorgensen, P., Meyers, T., and Winton, J., 1993, Genetic comparison of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus isolates from North America and Europe : Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 17, p. 73-80, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao017073.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"73","endPage":"80","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao017073","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac129942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oshima, K.H.","contributorId":96165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oshima","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higman, K.H.","contributorId":152580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higman","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arakawa, C.K.","contributorId":152140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arakawa","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"de Kinkelin, P.","contributorId":152605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Kinkelin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jorgensen, P.E.V.","contributorId":178969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"P.E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyers, T.R.","contributorId":108283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70188695,"text":"70188695 - 1993 - The importance of fluvial hydraulics to fish-habitat restoration in low-gradient alluvial streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T07:28:52","indexId":"70188695","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of fluvial hydraulics to fish-habitat restoration in low-gradient alluvial streams","docAbstract":"- 1. A major cause of degradation and loss of stream fish is alteration of physical habitat within and adjacent to the channel. We describe a potentially efficient approach to fish restoration based upon the relationship between fluvial hydraulics, geomorphology, and those habitats important to fish.
- 2. The aquatic habitat in a low-gradient, alluvial stream in the Ozark Plateaus physiographical province was classified according to location in the channel, patterns of water flow, and structures that control flow. The resulting habitat types were ranked in terms of their temporal stability and ability to be manipulated.
- 3. Delineation and quantification of discrete physical spaces in a stream, termed hydraulic habitat units, are shown to be useful in stream restoration programmes if the ecological importance of each habitat unit is known, and if habitats are defined by fluvial dynamics so that restoration is aided by natural forces.
- 4. Examples, using different taxa, are given to illustrate management options.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00758.x","usgsCitation":"Rabeni, C.F., and Jacobson, R.B., 1993, The importance of fluvial hydraulics to fish-habitat restoration in low-gradient alluvial streams: Freshwater Biology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 211-220, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00758.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"220","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Plateaus","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -89.89013671875,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -90.68115234375,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 38.565347844885466\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -93.1640625,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -93.62548828125,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -94.59228515625,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 36.50963615733049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b6e4b062508e382bae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200704,"text":"70200704 - 1993 - Economics and the national oil and gas assessment: The case of onshore northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T18:02:25.657144","indexId":"70200704","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-16T13:49:30","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economics and the national oil and gas assessment: The case of onshore northern Alaska","docAbstract":"The National Oil and Gas Assessment of undiscovered recoverable conventional oil and gas resources assigned nearly 36% of the undiscovered U.S. onshore oil resources and 28% of the commercially developable undiscovered oil resources to onshore northern Alaska. Economic screening models were applied to the geologic play assessment to estimate the commercially developable resources. This paper presents the geologic and economic assessment methodology and results; it also focuses on the robustness of estimates of the commercially developable onshore resources to changes in economic assumptions.
With the economic assumptions used in the national assessment, about 60% or 6.49 billion bbl of oil of the recoverable undiscovered resources of 10.76 billion bbl of oil assessed in fields larger than 1 million bbl of oil are estimated to be commercially developable. Changes in facilities costs induced the most significant cost-related response in the commercially developable resource estimates. Price increases or cost reductions that reduce the minimum commercially developable field size to 250 million bbl from the base case size of 380 million bbl added 1 billion bbl of oil to the commercially developable resources. If, through facilities sharing or satellite-field development, the minimum commercial field size is reduced to just below 100 million bbl, estimated developable oil woul increase to 9.17 billion bbl of oil or more than 85% of the assessed recoverable oil in onshore plays.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/BDFF8C72-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., Bird, K.J., and Mast, R.F., 1993, Economics and the national oil and gas assessment: The case of onshore northern Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 77, no. 3, p. 491-504, https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF8C72-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"504","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.48080420268553,\n 72.71391257340173\n ],\n [\n -170.8889081934487,\n 72.71391257340173\n ],\n [\n -170.8889081934487,\n 66.46646934602157\n ],\n [\n -145.48080420268553,\n 66.46646934602157\n ],\n [\n -145.48080420268553,\n 72.71391257340173\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a1ce4b034bf6a8194de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, R. F.","contributorId":210210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mast","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70243581,"text":"70243581 - 1993 - Latest Pleistocene and Holocene geomagnetic paleointensity on Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-12T16:02:14.144195","indexId":"70243581","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-15T10:56:46","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latest Pleistocene and Holocene geomagnetic paleointensity on Hawaii","docAbstract":"Geomagnetic paleointensity determinations from radiocarbon-dated lava flows on the island of Hawaii provide an estimate of broad trends in paleointensity for Holocene time and offer a glimpse of intensity variations near the end of the last glacial period. When the data from Hawaii are compared with others worldwide, the intensity of the geomagnetic field seems to have been reduced from the Holocene average by about 35 percent between 45,000 and 10,000 years ago. A long-term reduction of this magnitude is compatible with reported increases in the production rate of cosmogenic nuclides during the same interval.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.262.5132.412","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., and Champion, D.E., 1993, Latest Pleistocene and Holocene geomagnetic paleointensity on Hawaii: Science, v. 262, no. 5132, p. 412-416, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.262.5132.412.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"412","endPage":"416","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"262","issue":"5132","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70243547,"text":"70243547 - 1993 - Optimization of an extraction procedure for the accurate determination of total tin in eighteen Geological Survey of Japan rock reference materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T13:31:55.596345","indexId":"70243547","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-11T08:23:27","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14421,"text":"Analytical Sciences","onlineIssn":"1348-2246","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimization of an extraction procedure for the accurate determination of total tin in eighteen Geological Survey of Japan rock reference materials","docAbstract":"A fusion-extraction procedure for the determination of total tin in rocks and sediments by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was reexamined and modified to obtain the optimum accuracy and precision. Several variations based on increases in the sample weight or extraction ratio were compared based on the determination of tin in 18 Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) reference materials. The most accurate and precise procedure was found to be an 8:1 extraction of a 0.5 g rock sample fused with lithium metaborate and dissolved in 7.5% hydrochloric acid, using a 4% solution of trioctylphosphine oxide in methyl isobutyl ketone (TOPO-MIBK). Rocks containing <I ug/g total tin require a 0.5 g sample size for the utmost accuracy. Utilizing these modifications, tin concentrations were found to be within 0.1 ug/g for all of the GSJ reference standards with the exception of the rhyolites. Values are reported for the total tin content of three new GSJ reference materials, namely, JLk-1, JLs-1, and JDo-1.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2116/analsci.9.681","usgsCitation":"Elsheimer, H., 1993, Optimization of an extraction procedure for the accurate determination of total tin in eighteen Geological Survey of Japan rock reference materials: Analytical Sciences, v. 9, p. 681-685, https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.9.681.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"685","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.9.681","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elsheimer, H.N.","contributorId":77523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsheimer","given":"H.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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