{"pageNumber":"4116","pageRowStart":"102875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184918,"records":[{"id":70199902,"text":"70199902 - 1993 - Methods of characterizing fluid movement and chemical transport in fractured rock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:50:43","indexId":"70199902","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-03T08:47:39","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Methods of characterizing fluid movement and chemical transport in fractured rock","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field trip guidebook for the Northeastern United States","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Amherst, Mass.","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., Shapiro, A.M., Barton, C., Haeni, F., Johnson, C., Martin, C., Paillet, F., Winter, T.C., and Wright, D., 1993, Methods of characterizing fluid movement and chemical transport in fractured rock, chap. <i>of</i> Field trip guidebook for the Northeastern United States, p. 1-30.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a1de4b034bf6a8194e3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cheney, J.T.","contributorId":64018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheney","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747227,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hepburn, J. Christopher","contributorId":60305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hepburn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747228,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barton, C.C.","contributorId":93063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martin, C.","contributorId":57282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Paillet, F.L.","contributorId":189369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70128322,"text":"70128322 - 1993 - Establishment of Populus deltoides under simulated alluvial groundwater declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T13:31:26","indexId":"70128322","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T13:24:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishment of Populus deltoides under simulated alluvial groundwater declines","docAbstract":"Establishment, growth, and survival of seedlings of <i>Populus deltoides</i> subsp. <i>monilifera</i> (plains cottonwood) were examined in an experimental facility simulating five rates of declining alluvial groundwater.  The treatments were permanent saturation, drawdown rates of 0.4, 0.7, 2.9 cm/d and immediate drainage.  The experiment was conducted outdoors in planters near Fort Collins, Colorado.  Seedling survival was highest under the two slowest drawdown rates and declined significantly with faster drawdown rates.  The highest growth rate was associated with the drawdown rate of 0.4 cm/d, in which mean shoot height was 2.4 cm and mean root length was 39 am 98 days after planting.  Growth of shoots and roots was reduced both by saturated conditions and by the more rapid drawdown rates of 0.7 and 2.9 cm/d.  No establishment was observed in the immediate drawdown treatment.  Whereas maximum biomass accumulation is associated with the most gradual drawdown or saturated conditions, seedling establishing naturally under such conditions are also most likely to be removed by ice or subsequent flooding.  Seedlings establishing in higher topographic positions, in contrast, are subject to increased mortality and reduced shoot growth, resulting from reduced soil moisture.  Rapid root extension following establishment allows <i>P. deltoides</i> seedlings to grow across a wide range of groundwater drawdown rates, and thus a variety of positions across a gradient of riparian soil moisture.  Our results indicate that in coarse alluvial sands of low fertility, 47% of germinating <i>P. deltoides</i> seeds were able to survive in associated with a drawdown rate of 2.9 cm/d and a final water table depth of 80 cm.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","publisherLocation":"Notre Dame, IN","doi":"10.2307/2426127","usgsCitation":"Segelquist, C.A., Scott, M.L., and Auble, G.T., 1993, Establishment of Populus deltoides under simulated alluvial groundwater declines: American Midland Naturalist, v. 130, no. 2, p. 274-285, https://doi.org/10.2307/2426127.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295024,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2426127"},{"id":295025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500a5e4b0a4f4b46a238f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segelquist, Charles A.","contributorId":75080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segelquist","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70128749,"text":"70128749 - 1993 - The influence of mountain meteorology on precipitation chemistry at low and high elevations of the Colorado Front Range, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T12:52:28","indexId":"70128749","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T12:49:12","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of mountain meteorology on precipitation chemistry at low and high elevations of the Colorado Front Range, USA","docAbstract":"We explored the seasonal characteristics in wet deposition chemistry for two sites located at different elevations along the east slope of the Colorado Front Range in Rocky Mountain National Park. Seasonally separated precipitation was stratified into highly concentrated (high salt), dilute (low salt), or acid-dominated precipitation groups. These groups and unstratified precipitation data were related to mean easterly or westerly zonal winds to determine direction of local transport. Strong acid anion associations were also determined for the stratified and unstratified precipitation data sets. We found that strong acid anions, acidity, ammonium, and high salt concentrations originate to the east of Rocky Mountain National Park, and are transported via up-valley funneling winds or convective instability from differential heating of the mountains and the plains to the east. These influence the composition of precipitation at Beaver Meadows, the low elevation site, throughout the year, while their effect on precipitation at Loch Vale, the high elevation site, is felt most strongly during the summer. During the winter, Loch Vale precipitation is very dilute, and occurs in conjunction with westerly winds resulting from the southerly location of the jet stream.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/0960-1686(93)90402-K","usgsCitation":"Denning, A.S., 1993, The influence of mountain meteorology on precipitation chemistry at low and high elevations of the Colorado Front Range, USA: Atmospheric Environment, v. 27, no. 15, p. 2337-2349, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90402-K.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2337","endPage":"2349","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295293,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90402-K"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","volume":"27","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b32e4b0fd76af69cf38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denning, A. Scott","contributorId":70710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denning","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70169048,"text":"70169048 - 1993 - Regional assessment of factors related to herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T11:04:02","indexId":"70169048","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Regional assessment of factors related to herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinent","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Agricultural Research to Protect Water Quality","conferenceDate":"February 21-24, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M.R., and Kolpin, D., 1993, Regional assessment of factors related to herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinent, Agricultural Research to Protect Water Quality, Minneapolis, MN, February 21-24, 1993.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e7e0c1e4b0f59b85d6aac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, M. R.","contributorId":42190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70243579,"text":"70243579 - 1993 - Does magmatism influence low-angle normal faulting?: Comment and reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-12T15:31:05.224415","indexId":"70243579","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T10:14:23","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does magmatism influence low-angle normal faulting?: Comment and reply","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0956:DMILAN>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Yin, A., Parsons, T., and Thompson, G.A., 1993, Does magmatism influence low-angle normal faulting?: Comment and reply: Geology, v. 21, no. 10, p. 956-958, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0956:DMILAN>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 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An","contributorId":305349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yin","given":"An","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, Tom 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":22056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, George A.","contributorId":94288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185437,"text":"70185437 - 1993 - Arsenate inhibition of denitrification in nitrate contaminated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:52:04","indexId":"70185437","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenate inhibition of denitrification in nitrate contaminated sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Short-term and chronic exposure effects of arsenic on sediment denitrification were evaluated. N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O production rates were determined for As-contaminated (chronic treatment) and uncontaminated (short-term treatment) sediments exposed to a range of As concentrations. The As-containing sediments, collected from an herbicide-contaminated shallow aquifer, exhibited significantly lower rates of denitrification with increasing As concentration. With glucose amendment, denitrification rates were </span><i>ca</i><span> 10nmol N</span><sub>2</sub><span>Og</span><sup>−1</sup><span>h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>higher than in unamended treatments, but a similar trend of decreasing N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O production with increasing As concentration was observed. For the uncontaminated sediment, short-term increases in As concentration reduced the rate of denitrification only under glucose amended conditions. This response suggests that carbon limitation is also an important factor influencing denitrification in these sediments. These results indicate that by inhibiting the denitrification potential of the </span><i>in situ</i><span> microbial community, As contamination may contribute to nitrate accumulation in shallow aquifers, which underlie cultivated land.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0038-0717(93)90062-G","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 1993, Arsenate inhibition of denitrification in nitrate contaminated sediments: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 25, no. 10, p. 1459-1462, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90062-G.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"1459","endPage":"1462","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3de4b0236b68f98efe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007965,"text":"1007965 - 1993 - The marine snail, Cerithidea californica, matures at smaller sizes where parasitism is high","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-04T14:57:20.600152","indexId":"1007965","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The marine snail, Cerithidea californica, matures at smaller sizes where parasitism is high","docAbstract":"<p><span>I investigated life-history and parasitism in the salt marsh snail, Cerithidea californica. Latitude and growing conditions were important factors determining maturation size. After accounting for environmental variation, there was a negative association between the maturation size of snails and the prevalence of parasitic castration by larval trematodes. As predicted by life-history theory, this may represent an adaptation against parasitism that is similar to previous observations of life-history adaptations in species subject to predation or disturbance. However, it was unclear whether this adaptation was due to phenotypic plasticity or genetic differences among populations resulting from natural selection so I conducted a reciprocal transplant between sites with high and low prevalence and found source population differences in maturation size. It appears, therefore, that the life-history differences between these populations are at least partially genetic or may represent an adaptive developmental switch that was initiated prior to the transplant.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3545303","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., 1993, The marine snail, Cerithidea californica, matures at smaller sizes where parasitism is high: Oikos, v. 68, no. 1, p. 3-11, https://doi.org/10.2307/3545303.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, K. D.","contributorId":58213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafferty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185453,"text":"70185453 - 1993 - Influence of Pb on microbial activity in Pb-contaminated soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T05:59:05","indexId":"70185453","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of Pb on microbial activity in Pb-contaminated soils","docAbstract":"<p>Investigations of the influence of Pb on soil microbial communities have focused on Pb concentrations of 1 g kg-’ or less (Barkay et al., 1985; Capone et al., 1983; Chang and Broadbent, 1981; Doelman and Haanstra, 1979; Trevors et al., 1985). However, a number of environments exist in which Pb concentrations exceed 1 g kg-’ dry soil (Davenport and Peryea, 1991; Davis et al., 1992; Bisessar, 1982). Bisessar (1982) reported an inverse correlation between Pb concentration and the bacterial population size in soil near a secondary lead smelter. However, similar trends in the concentrations of Pb, As, Cd, and Cu at the site make it difficult to attribute the reductions in population size to Pb alone. Although the effects on microbial carbon mineralization of Pb concentrations as high as 20,000 g kg-’ dry soil were investigated by Debosz et a/. (1985), differences in pH between Pb treatments and the lack of controls for abiotic CO, evolution make the results of the study equivocal. Our purpose was to examine the effects of g kg-’ Pb concentrations on the growth and productivity of soil microbial communities. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0038-0717(93)90064-I","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 1993, Influence of Pb on microbial activity in Pb-contaminated soils: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 25, no. 10, p. 1465-1466, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90064-I.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"1465","endPage":"1466","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3de4b0236b68f98efa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222828,"text":"5222828 - 1993 - Survival of hatching-year female canvasbacks wintering on Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-04T17:22:37.004749","indexId":"5222828","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of hatching-year female canvasbacks wintering on Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Low annual survival of hatching-year (HY) females is a critical management concern for canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>), and may contribute substantially to reduced reproductive potential and the male-biased sex ratio of the species. To evaluate the contribution of mortality on a traditional wintering area to low annual survival, we estimated survival rates of HY female canvasbacks during 3 winters (1987-89) on Chesapeake Bay. We implanted radio transmitters in 204 HY and 44 after-hatching-year (AHY; 1989 only) female canvasbacks and tracked them from mid-December to early March. Ten-week survival rates did not differ (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05) among years for HY females; estimates ranged from 0.833 to 0.930 and averaged 0.887. Of 17 mortalities recorded for HY females during the 3-year study, 14 of 15 dated deaths occurred during the duck hunting season (first 3 weeks of the study), even though the hunting season on canvasbacks was closed. As a result, survival rates were lower during hunting versus posthunting periods (<i>P</i> <span>≤</span>&nbsp;0.05 for 2 of 3 yr). Illegal hunting was the single largest source of mortality for HY females. Shot ducks accounted for a loss of 4% and suspected crippling losses (ducks scavenged by shoreline predators) may have increased hunting-associated losses to as high as 7%. In 1989, no deaths were observed for AHY females, and their survival was higher <i>(P</i> = 0.02) than HY females. High winter survival for HY females indicates that substantial mortality occurs at some other time of the annual cycle.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809077","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., Jorde, D., and Bunck, C., 1993, Survival of hatching-year female canvasbacks wintering on Chesapeake Bay: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 57, no. 4, p. 763-771, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809077.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"771","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.59190688961638,\n              39.64636674186278\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.59190688961638,\n              37.99682517793444\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7523772182565,\n              37.99682517793444\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7523772182565,\n              39.64636674186278\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.59190688961638,\n              39.64636674186278\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fae91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G. Michael mharamis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G. Michael","email":"mharamis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorde, Dennis G. djorde@usgs.gov","contributorId":12804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorde","given":"Dennis G.","email":"djorde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunck, Christine M.","contributorId":210764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunck","given":"Christine M.","affiliations":[{"id":38142,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD (Retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":337251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186686,"text":"70186686 - 1993 - Effect of mining and related activities on the sediment trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur D'Alene, Idaho, USA. Part I: Surface sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T10:19:57","indexId":"70186686","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of mining and related activities on the sediment trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur D'Alene, Idaho, USA. Part I: Surface sediments","docAbstract":"<p>During the summer of 1989 surface sediment samples were collected in Lake Coeur d'Alene, the Coeur d'Alene River and the St Joe River, Idaho, at a density of approximately one sample per square kilometre. Additional samples were collected from the banks of the South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene and the Coeur d'Alene Rivers in 1991. All the samples were collected to determine trace element concentrations, partitioning and distribution patterns, and to relate them to mining, mining related and discharge operations that have occurred in the Coeur d'Alene district since the 1880s, some of which are ongoing.</p><p>Most of the surface sediments in Lake Coeur d'Alene north of Conkling Point and Carey Bay are substantially enriched in Ag, As, Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb and Zn relative to unaffected sediments in the southern portion of the lake near the St Joe River. All the trace element enriched sediments are extremely fine grained (mean grain sizes « 63 μm). Most of the enriched trace elements, based on both the chemical analyses of separated heavy and light mineral fractions and a two step sequential extraction procedure, are associated with an operationally defined Fe oxide phase; much smaller percentages are associated either with operationally defined organics/sulphides or refractory phases.</p><p>The presence, concentration and distribution of the Fe oxides and heavy minerals indicates that a substantial portion of the enriched trace elements are probably coming from the Coeur d'Alene River, which is serving as a point source. Within the lake, this relatively simple point source pattern is complicated by a combination of (1) the formation of trace element rich authigenic Fe oxides that appear to have reprecipitated from material solubilized from anoxic bed sediments and (2) physical remobilization by currents and wind driven waves. The processes that have caused the trace element enrichment in the surface sediments of Lake Coeur d'Alene are likely to continue for the foreseeable future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.3360070406","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Cook, R.B., 1993, Effect of mining and related activities on the sediment trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur D'Alene, Idaho, USA. Part I: Surface sediments: Hydrological Processes, v. 7, no. 4, p. 403-423, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360070406.","productDescription":"21 p. ","startPage":"403","endPage":"423","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Coeur d’Alene","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.81900024414062,\n              47.694050002541715\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.94671630859375,\n              47.512563103108036\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.95770263671875,\n              47.43366127871628\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.69677734375,\n              47.306240719625585\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.66107177734375,\n              47.39091206104779\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.74621582031249,\n              47.54687159892238\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.70639038085938,\n              47.5941249027327\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.62399291992186,\n              47.615421267605434\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.63360595703125,\n              47.65891296651944\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.78054809570311,\n              47.690352481405704\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.81900024414062,\n              47.694050002541715\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a54be4b09da6799d63ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrick, Kent A.","contributorId":78415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, Robert B.","contributorId":98166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185433,"text":"70185433 - 1993 - Long-term frozen storage of stream water samples for dissolved orthophosphate, nitrate plus nitrite, and ammonia analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T15:47:09","indexId":"70185433","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term frozen storage of stream water samples for dissolved orthophosphate, nitrate plus nitrite, and ammonia analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many researchers have used freezing as an effective, short-term, water sample preservation method for subsequent nutrient analysis. In this study, filtered samples held at −16±2°C for 4–8 years were reanalyzed for orthophosphate, nitrate plus nitrite, and ammonia. Orthophosphate and ammonia concentrations decreased by 0.2 μg P/L and 5 μg N/L, respectively, at mean concentrations of 69.4 μg P/L and 246 μg N/L. Nitrate plus nitrite increased by 1.1 μg N/L at a mean concentration of 139.1 μg N/L. An anaerobic well sample proved to be unsuitable for freezing because it lost significant amounts of orthophosphate during the freezing process. None of the differences observed over long periods of frozen storage were more than twice the estimated standard deviation of the analytical methods used in the study. The small changes observed demonstrate the effectiveness of frozen storage as a means of nutrient preservation in water samples that are unaffected by the freezing process itself.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR01684","usgsCitation":"Avanzino, R.J., and Kennedy, V.C., 1993, Long-term frozen storage of stream water samples for dissolved orthophosphate, nitrate plus nitrite, and ammonia analysis: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 10, p. 3357-3362, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01684.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3357","endPage":"3362","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3de4b0236b68f98f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185441,"text":"70185441 - 1993 - Simulating the volatilization of solvents in unsaturated soils during laboratory and field infiltration experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T05:48:22","indexId":"70185441","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the volatilization of solvents in unsaturated soils during laboratory and field infiltration experiments","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper describes laboratory and field experiments which were conducted to study the dynamics of trichloroethylene (TCE) as it volatilized from contaminated groundwater and diffused in the presence of infiltrating water through the unsaturated soil zone to the land surface. The field experiments were conducted at the Picatinny Arsenal, which is part of the United States Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. In both laboratory and field settings the gas and water phase concentrations of TCE were not in equilibrium during infiltration. Gas-water mass transfer rate constants were calibrated to the experimental data using a model in which the water phase was treated as two phases: a mobile water phase and an immobile water phase. The mass transfer limitations of a volatile organic compound between the gas and liquid phases were described explicitly in the model. In the laboratory experiment the porous medium was nonsorbing, and water infiltration rates ranged from 0.076 to 0.28 cm h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. In the field experiment the water infiltration rate was 0.34 cm h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and sorption onto the soil matrix was significant. The laboratory-calibrated gas-water mass transfer rate constant is 3.3×10</span><sup>−4</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>h</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for an infiltration rate of 0.076 cm h</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and 1.4×10</span><sup>−3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>h</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for an infiltration rate of 0.28 cm h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The overall mass transfer rate coefficients, incorporating the contribution of mass transfer between mobile and immobile water phases and the variation of interfacial area with moisture content, range from 3×10</span><sup>−4</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>h</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>to 1×10</span><sup>−2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. A power law model relates the gas-water mass transfer rate constant to the infiltration rate and the fraction of the water phase which is mobile. It was found that the results from the laboratory experiments could not be extrapolated to the field. In order to simulate the field experiment the very slow desorption of TCE from the soil matrix was incorporated into the mathematical model. When desorption from the soil matrix was added to the model, the calibrated gas-water mass transfer rate constant is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that predicted using the power law model developed for the nonsorbing laboratory soil.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR01414","usgsCitation":"Cho, H.J., Jaffe, P.R., and Smith, J., 1993, Simulating the volatilization of solvents in unsaturated soils during laboratory and field infiltration experiments: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 10, p. 3329-3342, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01414.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"3329","endPage":"3342","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3de4b0236b68f98efc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cho, H. Jean","contributorId":189545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cho","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Peter R.","contributorId":22503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, James A.","contributorId":68718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70128741,"text":"70128741 - 1993 - Use of mesoscale models for simulation of seasonal weather and climate change for the Rocky Mountain States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:51:54","indexId":"70128741","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-30T12:41:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Use of mesoscale models for simulation of seasonal weather and climate change for the Rocky Mountain States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second international conference/workshop on integrating geographic information systems and environmental modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Second international conference/workshop on integrating geographic information systems and environmental modelling","conferenceDate":"September 26, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Breckenridge, CO","language":"English","publisher":"National center for Geographic Information and Analysis","publisherLocation":"Breckenridge, CO","usgsCitation":"Pielke, R.A., Baron, J., Chase, T., Copeland, J., Kittel, T.G., Lee, T.J., Walko, R., and Zeng, W., 1993, Use of mesoscale models for simulation of seasonal weather and climate change for the Rocky Mountain States, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b33e4b0fd76af69cf3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pielke, R. A.","contributorId":13163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, T.","contributorId":74321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Copeland, J.","contributorId":49293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kittel, Timothy G.F.","contributorId":66612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittel","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, T. J.","contributorId":26234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walko, R.","contributorId":28187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walko","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zeng, W.","contributorId":48893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70202135,"text":"70202135 - 1993 - Galileo observations of Post-Imbrium lunar craters during the first Earth-Moon flyby","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T14:43:42","indexId":"70202135","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-25T14:41:44","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Galileo observations of Post-Imbrium lunar craters during the first Earth-Moon flyby","docAbstract":"<p><span>Copernican‐age craters are among the most conspicuous features seen on the far side and western limb of the Moon in the Galileo multispectral images acquired in December 1990. Among the new morphologic observations of far‐side craters are bright rays, continuous ejecta deposits, and dark rings associated with probable impact‐melt veneers. These observations suggest that the mapped age assignments of several large far‐side craters (Ohm, Robertson, and possibly Lowell and Lenz) need revision. New crater size‐frequency measurements on Lunar Orbiter images suggest the following age reassignments: Hausen (170 km diameter), Pythagoras (120 km), and Bullialdus (61 km) from Eratosthenian to Upper Imbrian, and Carpenter (60 km) and Harpalus (39 km) from Copernican to Eratosthenian. Colors and albedos of craters (away from impact‐melt veneers) are correlated with their geologic emplacement ages as determined from counts of superposed craters; these age‐color relations are used to estimate the emplacement age (time since impact event) for other Copernican‐age craters. These age‐color relations indicate a probable Copernican age for 27 far‐side or western limb craters larger than 10 km diameter that were not previously mapped as Copernican. The apparent deficiency of Copernican craters on the far side compared with the near side in published geologic maps is not present in our data. Age‐color trends differ between mare and highland regions and between the interiors and continuous ejecta of the craters. Similar trends are established for color and albedo versus soil‐maturity indices for the returned lunar samples, with distinct trends for mare and highland soils. However, the mare versus highland offsets are reversed in the two comparisons. These relations can be explained by variations in regolith thicknesses and rates of mixing with relatively fresh, crystalline ejecta. Therefore, the soil‐maturity trends represent longer geologic time periods in regions with thinner regoliths, such as the maria.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/93JE01137","usgsCitation":"McEwen, A.S., Gaddis, L.R., Neukum, G., Hoffman, H., Pieters, C.M., and Head, J.W., 1993, Galileo observations of Post-Imbrium lunar craters during the first Earth-Moon flyby: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 98, no. E9, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/93JE01137.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"98","issue":"E9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neukum, Gerhard","contributorId":211350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neukum","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, Harald","contributorId":213166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Harald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pieters, Carle M.","contributorId":193891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pieters","given":"Carle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Head, James W.","contributorId":70772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Head","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7002,"text":"Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70205525,"text":"70205525 - 1993 - Recent growth increases in old-growth longleaf pine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-23T12:18:43","indexId":"70205525","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-24T12:04:39","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent growth increases in old-growth longleaf pine","docAbstract":"<p><span>Longleaf pine (</span><i>Pinus</i><i>palustris</i><span>&nbsp;Mill.) tree-ring data were obtained from an old-growth stand located in Thomas County, Georgia. The tree-ring chronology from the pine stand is composed of a collection of cores extracted from 26 trees ranging in age from approximately 100 to 400 years. These cores were prepared, dated, and measured, and the resulting data were examined with dendrochronological and statistical techniques. Beginning in approximately 1950 and continuing to the present, annual increments of all age classes examined in this study have increased, resulting in an average annual ring increment approximately 40% greater in 1987 than in 1950. When compared with expected annual increment, the increase for 100- to 150-year-old trees is approximately 45%, while the increase for 200- to 400-year-old trees is approximately 35%. In terms of stand-level aboveground biomass accumulation, the increased growth has resulted in approximately 5% more biomass than expected. The increased growth cannot be explained by disturbance; stand history; or trends in precipitation, temperature, or Palmer drought severity index over the last 57 years. Increased atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;is a possible explanation for initiation of the observed trend, while SO</span><sub>x</sub><span>&nbsp;and NO</span><sub>x</sub><span>&nbsp;may be augmenting continuation of this phenomenon.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/x93-110","usgsCitation":"West, D., Doyle, T., Tharp, M., Beauchamp, J., Platt, W.J., and Downing, D., 1993, Recent growth increases in old-growth longleaf pine: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 23, no. 5, p. 846-853, https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-110.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"846","endPage":"853","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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D.C.","contributorId":219180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16649,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tharp, M.L.","contributorId":219181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tharp","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16649,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beauchamp, J.J.","contributorId":219182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16649,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Platt, William J.","contributorId":204196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Downing, D.J.","contributorId":56217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16649,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70199739,"text":"70199739 - 1993 - Helium isotope and gas discharge variations associated with crustal unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, 1989-1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T14:03:42","indexId":"70199739","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-10T14:03:01","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Helium isotope and gas discharge variations associated with crustal unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, 1989-1992","docAbstract":"<p><span>The onset of anomalous seismic activity in 1989 beneath Mammoth Mountain on the southwestern rim of the Long Valley caldera, California, was followed within ∼4 months by a large increase in&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He/</span><sup>4</sup><span>He in vapor discharged from a fumarole on the north side of the mountain. The helium isotopic ratio at this vent rose to a maximum of 6.7 RA in July 1990 and subsequently declined to values near 5&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub><i>A</i></sub><span>. Potential sources of the&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He‐rich vapors include degassing of fresh magma, degassing from fresh surfaces generated in newly fractured igneous rocks, and volatile release from a&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He‐rich gas chamber situated above previously emplaced intrusives. The magnitude of the increase in helium isotopic composition (from 3.8 to 6.7&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub><i>A</i></sub><span>), the persistence of relatively high values (&gt;5&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub><i>A</i></sub><span>) over a period of 3 years, the increase in the flux of total He relative to gases in air‐saturated water, and the increases in the rates of discharge of steam and gas from this fumarole indicate that magmatic intrusion did in fact begin in 1989 beneath Mammoth Mountain. Seismic activity and limited measurements of extensional deformation at the surface suggest that the depth of intrusion may be as shallow as 2 km, consistent with the prompt appearance of increased&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He/</span><sup>4</sup><span>He ratios in the fumarolic gas, and that the intrusive process may have persisted for ∼1 year. In contrast, a similar combination of magmatic intrusion and anomalous seismic activity beneath the resurgent dome‐south moat region during the 1989–1991 period resulted in at most relatively small changes in&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He/</span><sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;He in fumarolic discharge at the southern edge of the resurgent dome. The more subdued response may result from a combination of greater intrusive depths and greater dilution of&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He‐rich inputs to thermal fluid reservoirs in the shallow hydrothermal system in this area compared with Mammoth Mountain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93JB00703","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., Kennedy, B.M., Evans, W., Farrar, C.D., and Suemnicht, G., 1993, Helium isotope and gas discharge variations associated with crustal unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, 1989-1992: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 98, no. B9, p. 15871-15889, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB00703.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"15871","endPage":"15889","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","volume":"98","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a1de4b034bf6a8194e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, B. M.","contributorId":97638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, W.C. wcevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":147909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"W.C.","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":746421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrar, C. D.","contributorId":71978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Suemnicht, G.A.","contributorId":11339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suemnicht","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017981,"text":"70017981 - 1993 - Phase boundaries and mantle convection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T22:59:30.599711","indexId":"70017981","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phase boundaries and mantle convection","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.261.5127.1401","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Vidale, J., and Lay, T., 1993, Phase boundaries and mantle convection: Science, v. 261, no. 5127, p. 1401-1402, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.261.5127.1401.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1401","endPage":"1402","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228686,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"261","issue":"5127","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7878e4b0c8380cd786dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vidale, J.E.","contributorId":55849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lay, T.","contributorId":49909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lay","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223712,"text":"5223712 - 1993 - A new anoline lizard (Phenacosaurus) from the highland of Cerro de la Neblina, Southern Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T20:43:25.538968","indexId":"5223712","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-09T12:18:10","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":739,"text":"American Museum Novitates","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A new anoline lizard (<i>Phenacosaurus</i>) from the highland of Cerro de la Neblina, Southern Venezuela","title":"A new anoline lizard (Phenacosaurus) from the highland of Cerro de la Neblina, Southern Venezuela","docAbstract":"<p><i>Phenacosaurus neblininus</i>, new species, was discovered during the 1984-1985 expedition to Cerro de la Neblina on the Venezuelan-Brazilian border. It was found at several highland camps (&gt; 1600 m) but seems unaccountably rare, with only six specimens collected. The closest relative of this lizard may be another new species (Williams et al., MS) known from a single specimen from Chimanta Tepui -- some 600 km to the northeast of Neblina. Except for these two Venezuelan tepui species, <i>Phenacosaurus</i> has a strictly Andean distribution, from northwestern Venezuela to Peru.<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Museum of Natural History","usgsCitation":"Myers, C., Williams, E., and McDiarmid, R., 1993, A new anoline lizard (Phenacosaurus) from the highland of Cerro de la Neblina, Southern Venezuela: American Museum Novitates, v. No. 3070, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16477,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2246/4967"}],"volume":"No. 3070","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abe67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, C.W.","contributorId":37343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, E.E.","contributorId":30722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017978,"text":"70017978 - 1993 - Sharpness of upper-mantle discontinuities determined from high-frequency reflections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T14:53:12.305109","indexId":"70017978","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sharpness of upper-mantle discontinuities determined from high-frequency reflections","docAbstract":"<p><span>An understanding of the nature of seismic discontinuities in the Earth's upper mantle is important for understanding mantle processes: in particular, the amplitude and sharpness of these discontinuities are critical for assessing models of upper-mantle phase changes and chemical layering. So far, seismic studies aimed at determining the thickness and lateral variability of upper-mantle discontinuities have yielded equivocal results, particularly for the discontinuity at 410km depth</span><sup>1,2</sup><span>. Here we present short-period (0.8–2.0 s) recordings of upper-mantle precursors to the seismic phase P′P′ (PKPPKP) from two South American earthquakes recorded by the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>700-station short-period array in California. Our results show that the 410- and 660-km discontinuities beneath the Indian Ocean are locally simple and sharp, corresponding to transi-tion zones of 4 km or less. These observations pose problems for mineral physics models</span><sup>3–5</sup><span>, which predict a transitional thickness greater than 6 km for the peridotite to&nbsp;</span><i>β</i><span>-spinel phase transition. In contrast to the results of long-period studies</span><sup>6,7</sup><span>, we observe no short-period arrivals from near 520 km depth.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/365147a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Benz, H., and Vidale, J., 1993, Sharpness of upper-mantle discontinuities determined from high-frequency reflections: Nature, v. 365, no. 6442, p. 147-150, https://doi.org/10.1038/365147a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"150","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228639,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"365","issue":"6442","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e52e4b08c986b318888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vidale, J.E.","contributorId":55849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186682,"text":"70186682 - 1993 - Upper crustal densities derived from sea floor gravity measurements: Northern Juan De Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T10:01:30","indexId":"70186682","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal densities derived from sea floor gravity measurements: Northern Juan De Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"<p><span>A transect of sea floor gravity stations has been analyzed to determine upper crustal densities on the Endeavour segment of the northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. Data were obtained using ALVIN along a corridor perpendicular to the axis of spreading, over crustal ages from 0 to 800,000 years. Calculated elevation factors from the gravity data show an abrupt increase in density with age (distance) for the upper 200 m of crust. This density change is interpreted as a systematic reduction in bulk porosity of the upper crustal section, from 23% for the axial ridge to 10% for the off-axis flanking ridges. The porosity decrease is attributed to the collapse and filling of large-scale voids as the abyssal hills move out of the crustal formation zone. Forward modeling of a plausible density structure for the near-axis region agrees with the observed anomaly data only if the model includes narrow, along-strike, low-density regions adjacent to both inner and outer flanks of the abyssal hills. The required low density zones could be regions of systematic upper crustal fracturing and faulting that were mapped by submersible observers and side-scan sonar images, and whose presence was suggested by the distribution of heat flow data in the same area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/93GL00909","usgsCitation":"Holmes, M.L., and Johnson, H.P., 1993, Upper crustal densities derived from sea floor gravity measurements: Northern Juan De Fuca Ridge: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 20, no. 17, p. 1871-1874, https://doi.org/10.1029/93GL00909.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"1871","endPage":"1874","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a54be4b09da6799d63ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Mark L.","contributorId":17229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, H. Paul","contributorId":99989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186640,"text":"70186640 - 1993 - Paleomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar evidence for remagnetization of Mesozoic oceanic rocks on the Vizcaino Peninsula, Baja California Sur, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T13:09:37","indexId":"70186640","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar evidence for remagnetization of Mesozoic oceanic rocks on the Vizcaino Peninsula, Baja California Sur, Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Previously published paleomagnetic data for Upper Jurassic pillow lavas of the Vizcaino Peninsula indicate that they were deposited near a paleolatitude of 14°N or S. Whether or not this result implies northward transport with respect to the continental interior has been controversial due to the lack of reliable Jurassic reference poles for the North American plate. Available paleomagnetic data for nearby Upper Triassic pillow basalts and overlying pelagic sediments at Punta San Hipólito, however, fail a fold test indicating that these rocks were remagnetized post-folding. Indistinguishable in-situ paleomagnetic directions and perturbed </span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age spectra for the Triassic and Jurassic pillow lavas are consistent with resetting of their magnetic and isotopic systems in the middle Cretaceous, probably during burial by the overlap Valle Formation (&gt;10 km thick). Resetting apparently occurred post-deformation so the paleolatitude of remagnetization is unknown. High-coercivity directions from a few samples of the Triassic rocks might represent an older magnetization acquired during deposition at paleolatitudes near 6°N or S.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/93GL02010","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J.T., Martinez, M.L., and York, D., 1993, Paleomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar evidence for remagnetization of Mesozoic oceanic rocks on the Vizcaino Peninsula, Baja California Sur, Mexico: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 20, no. 17, p. 1831-1834, https://doi.org/10.1029/93GL02010.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"1831","endPage":"1834","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75407e4b09da6799c0c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez, Margarita Lopez","contributorId":190633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"Margarita","email":"","middleInitial":"Lopez","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"York, Derek","contributorId":190634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"York","given":"Derek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017358,"text":"70017358 - 1993 - The depth dependence of earthquake duration and implications for rupture mechanisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T14:57:56.011536","indexId":"70017358","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The depth dependence of earthquake duration and implications for rupture mechanisms","docAbstract":"<p><span>The duration of rupture is a fundamental characteristic of earthquakes, and is important for understanding the mechanics of faulting</span><sup>1,2</sup><span>. The complexity of the seismic source and the incoherence of the high-frequency seismic wavefield often inhibit the identification, location and timing of features in the later part of earthquake rupture. Here we sum many teleseismic records from regional seismic arrays, producing an unusually clear depiction of the earthquake source at short periods by suppressing background noise and coda generated near the receivers. The ending, as well as the beginning, of rupture is clearly identifiable for most earthquakes examined. Measurements of 130 large earthquakes show that near 100 km depth, rupture duration averages 11 s when scaled to a moment of 10</span><sup>26</sup><span>&nbsp;dyn cm; this decreases to 5.5 s at 650 km depth. Models of faulting suggest that duration should be inversely proportional to the shear-wave velocity and the cube root of stress drop. Thus, to explain the observed twofold decrease in duration with depth, stress drops would have to increase by a factor of four, as shear velocity increases with depth by only about 20%. However, observed stress drops show no strong trend with depth</span><sup>3,4</sup><span>, suggesting that the faulting process changes with depth.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/365045a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Vidale, J., and Houston, H., 1993, The depth dependence of earthquake duration and implications for rupture mechanisms: Nature, v. 365, no. 6441, p. 45-47, https://doi.org/10.1038/365045a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"365","issue":"6441","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa8ee4b08c986b3228a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vidale, J.E.","contributorId":55849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houston, H.","contributorId":103805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70128726,"text":"70128726 - 1993 - Changing nest placement of Hawaiian Common Amakihi during the breeding cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T13:45:49","indexId":"70128726","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T11:14:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing nest placement of Hawaiian Common Amakihi during the breeding cycle","docAbstract":"We studied the nesting behavior of the Common Amakihi (<i>Hemignathus virens</i>) from 1970-1981 on the island of Hawaii to determine if the species alters nest placement over a protracted 9-month breeding season. Birds preferentially chose the southwest quadrant of trees in which to build nests during all phases of the breeding season. It appeared that ambient temperature (Ta) was a contributing factor to differential nest placement between early and late phases of the annual breeding cycle. When Ta is low during the early (December-March) breeding period, Common Amakihi selected exposed nesting locations that benefitted them with maximum solar insolation. However, in the later phase of the breeding period (April-July) when Ta was much higher, renesting birds selected nest sites deeper in the canopy in significantly taller trees. This is one of the few documented examples in which a species changes location of nest during a breeding season, thus allowing exploitation of temporally differing microclimatic conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Bulletin","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., Kern, M.D., and Sogge, M., 1993, Changing nest placement of Hawaiian Common Amakihi during the breeding cycle: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 105, no. 3, p. 436-447.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"447","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b1fe4b0fd76af69cef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kern, M. D.","contributorId":28914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sogge, M. K.","contributorId":16337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"M. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70128288,"text":"70128288 - 1993 - Growth and survival of Mountain Plovers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T11:02:11","indexId":"70128288","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T10:53:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and survival of Mountain Plovers","docAbstract":"<p>Growth and survival rates of Mountain Plovers (<i>Charadrius montanus</i>) were monitored using radiotelemetry from hatching until birds left the breeding grounds on the Pawnee National Grassland, Weld County, Colorado.  Chick weights increased logarithmically (<i>r</i>) = 0.961) and tarsus length linearly (<i>r</i> = 0.948) with age.  Using the average fledgling weight of 69.8 g and an age/weight regression we predicted that the average age at fledging was 36 d.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Fourteen Mountain Plover nests each had three effs; an average of 2.6 eggs hatched in seven nests, whereas remaining nests were lost to predation, storms, or trampling by a cow.  Twenty-four adult Mountain Plovers were monitored for 275 telemetry days with no mortalities.  Twenty flightless chicks had a calculated daily survival rate of 0.979 for 233 telemetry-days.  Mortalities of flightless chicks were due to predation or unknown causes.  The daily survival rate predicted that 1.2 of the 2.6 chicks hatched per nest lived to fly.  Eight fledged chicks were monitored for 74 telemetry-days, with a daily survival rate of 0.974.  Mortalities of fledglings were all attributed to predation.  The combined survival rates predicted that 0.7 or the 2.6 hatched chicks lived to leave the nesting area.  Survival rates of flightless chicks were similar to those reported 20 yr ago, implying that recent declines in Mountain Plover numbers on the continent are not attributable to either longer-term declines in nesting productivity or phenomena occurring at non-breeding locales.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern Bird-Banding Association","publisherLocation":"Ipswich, NH","usgsCitation":"Miller, B.J., and Knopf, F.L., 1993, Growth and survival of Mountain Plovers: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 64, no. 4, p. 500-506.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"500","endPage":"506","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500ade4b0a4f4b46a23a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Brian J.","contributorId":67816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":45650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70128518,"text":"70128518 - 1993 - Toward conservation of midcontinental shorebird migrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T11:43:02.761837","indexId":"70128518","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T10:37:07","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward conservation of midcontinental shorebird migrations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shorebirds represent a highly diverse group of species, many of which experience tremendous energy demands associated with long-distance migratory flights. Transcontinental migrants are dependent upon dynamic freshwater wetlands for stopover resources essential for replenishment of lipid reserves and completion of migration. Patterns of shorebird migration across midcontinental wetlands were detected from migration reports to&nbsp;</span><i>American Birds</i><span>&nbsp;and information provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service national wildlife refuges. Patterns in species composition and abundance varied geographically, emphasizing the uniqueness of different regions to migrating shorebirds. Smaller species and neotropical migrants moved primarily across the Great Plains, whereas larger species and North American migrants predominated in assemblages in the intermountain west Shorebirds were broadly dispersed in wetland habitats with dynamic water regimes. Whereas populations of shorebirds in coastal systems appear to concentrate at sites of seasonally predictable and abundant food resources, we propose that transcontinental shorebirds disperse and use wetlands opportunistically. This migration system exemplifies the need for large-scale, coordinated regional management efforts that recognize the dynamic nature of ecosystem processes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030533.x","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S.K., and Knopf, F.L., 1993, Toward conservation of midcontinental shorebird migrations: Conservation Biology, v. 7, no. 3, p. 533-541, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030533.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"541","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3dde4b08a816ca636a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":45650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}