{"pageNumber":"4117","pageRowStart":"102900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184918,"records":[{"id":70205390,"text":"70205390 - 1993 - Midwest water quality project matures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-18T16:41:27","indexId":"70205390","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T09:17:47","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5861,"text":"Agricultural Research","printIssn":"0002-161X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Midwest water quality project matures","docAbstract":"

No abstract available

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Department of Agriculture","issn":"0002-161X","usgsCitation":"Comis, D., Hardin, B., and Cooke, L., 1993, Midwest water quality project matures: Agricultural Research.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Ohio","city":"Columbus, Piketon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.08685302734375,\n 40.00447583427404\n ],\n [\n -83.06900024414062,\n 39.15136267949029\n ],\n [\n -83.0621337890625,\n 39.03945298873317\n ],\n [\n -82.88360595703125,\n 39.07464374293251\n ],\n [\n -82.88635253906248,\n 39.63848002167708\n ],\n [\n -82.84652709960937,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -82.85751342773437,\n 40.006579667838636\n ],\n [\n -83.08685302734375,\n 40.00447583427404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Comis, D","contributorId":219015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comis","given":"D","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":771021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardin, B","contributorId":219016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardin","given":"B","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":771022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooke, Linda","contributorId":219017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":771027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017985,"text":"70017985 - 1993 - Orogenesis, high-T thermal events, and gold vein formation within metamorphic rocks of the Alaskan Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T16:49:53.188542","indexId":"70017985","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orogenesis, high-T thermal events, and gold vein formation within metamorphic rocks of the Alaskan Cordillera","docAbstract":"

Mesothermal, gold-bearing quartz veins are widespread within allochthonous terranes of Alaska that are composed dominantly of greenschist-facies metasedimentary rocks. The most productive lode deposits are concentrated in south-central and southeastern Alaska; small and generally nonproductive gold-bearing veins occur upstream from major placer deposits in interior and northern Alaska. Oreforming fluids in all areas are consistent with derivation from metamorphic devolatilisation reactions, and a close temporal relationship exists between high-T tectonic deformation, igneous activity, and gold mineralization. Ore fluids were of consistently low salinity, CO2-rich, and had δ18O values of 7‰- 12‰ and δD values between −15‰ and −35‰. Upper-crustal temperatures within the metamorphosed terranes reached at least 450-500°C before onset of significant gold-forming hydrothermal activity. Within interior and northern Alaska, latest Paleozoic through Early Cretaceous contractional deformation was characterised by obduction of oceanic crust, low-T/high-P metamorphism, and a lack of gold vein formation. Mid-Cretaceous veining occurred some 50-100 m.y. later, during a subsequent high-T metamorphic/magmatic event, possibly related to extension and uplift. In southern Alaska, gold deposits formed during latter stages of Tertiary, subduction-related, collisional orogenesis and were often temporally coeval with calc-alkaline magmatism.

","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1180/minmag.1993.057.388.03","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Snee, L., and Pickthorn, W., 1993, Orogenesis, high-T thermal events, and gold vein formation within metamorphic rocks of the Alaskan Cordillera: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 57, no. 388, p. 375-394, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.388.03.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"394","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"57","issue":"388","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7123e4b0c8380cd76497","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pickthorn, W.J.","contributorId":95458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickthorn","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186708,"text":"70186708 - 1993 - Quantitative analysis of Ostracoda and water masses around Japan: Application to Pliocene and Pleistocene paleoceanography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T11:32:49","indexId":"70186708","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative analysis of Ostracoda and water masses around Japan: Application to Pliocene and Pleistocene paleoceanography","docAbstract":"

An ostracode data base consisting of 273 samples from coretops and comprising 226 species was developed for the seas around the Japanese Islands to determine zoogeographic patterns and for application to Pliocene and Pleistocene paleoceanography in the area. Quantitative analyses of the 59 most common taxa between 0 and 300m water depth indicate that ostracode associations are controlled by the main oceanic water masses around Japan and that bottom water temperature is a key factor influencing species distributions. Ostracodes from the following water masses were studied: warm Kuroshio Current, Tsushima Current (Tsugaru Current and Soya Current), Japan Sea intermediate water, Japan Sea proper water and cold Oyashio Current. In order to apply the modem coretop data base to fossil ostracode assemblages, the modem analog technique (MAT) using a squared chord distance (SCD) measure of dissimilarity was tested as a means of comparing fossil and modem assemblages. SCD values of 0.25 or less adequately identify modem analogs from the coretop data set at the local ecological level (i.e. within the same modern bay), while values of 0.25-0.5 identify modem analogs at the level of the zoogeographic province. The MAT method was tested against 3 Pliocene and 11 Pleistocene formations in Japan to examine the use of the MAT in paleoceanographic reconstruction.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Micropaleontology Project., Inc.","doi":"10.2307/1485900","usgsCitation":"Ikeya, N., and Cronin, T.M., 1993, Quantitative analysis of Ostracoda and water masses around Japan: Application to Pliocene and Pleistocene paleoceanography: Micropaleontology, v. 39, no. 3, p. 263-281, https://doi.org/10.2307/1485900.","productDescription":"19 p. ","startPage":"263","endPage":"281","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a54ce4b09da6799d63f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ikeya, Noriyuki","contributorId":101026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeya","given":"Noriyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185444,"text":"70185444 - 1993 - A Fast Fourier transform stochastic analysis of the contaminant transport problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T20:15:44","indexId":"70185444","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Fast Fourier transform stochastic analysis of the contaminant transport problem","docAbstract":"

A three-dimensional stochastic analysis of the contaminant transport problem is developed in the spirit of Naff (1990). The new derivation is more general and simpler than previous analysis. The fast Fourier transformation is used extensively to obtain numerical estimates of the mean concentration and various spatial moments. Data from both the Borden and Cape Cod experiments are used to test the methodology. Results are comparable to results obtained by other methods, and to the experiments themselves.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR01236","usgsCitation":"Deng, F., Cushman, J., and Delleur, J., 1993, A Fast Fourier transform stochastic analysis of the contaminant transport problem: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 9, p. 3241-3247, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01236.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"3241","endPage":"3247","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3ee4b0236b68f98f04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deng, F.W.","contributorId":189654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deng","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cushman, J.H.","contributorId":113886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delleur, J.W.","contributorId":189655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delleur","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003191,"text":"1003191 - 1993 - Biomonitoring environmental contamination with pipping black-crowned night heron embryos: Induction of cytochrome P450","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T17:23:06.984339","indexId":"1003191","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomonitoring environmental contamination with pipping black-crowned night heron embryos: Induction of cytochrome P450","docAbstract":"

Cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenase activities and cytochrome P450 proteins were measured in pipping black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) embryos collected from a reference site (next to the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, VA) and three polluted sites (Cat Island, Green Bay, Lake Michigan, WI; Bair Island, San Francisco Bay, CA; West Marin Island, San Francisco Bay, CA). In a laboratory study, artificially incubated night heron embryos from the reference site were treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (200 μg administered into the air cell 2 d before pipping) or phenobarbital (2 mg daily for 2 d before pipping). Compared to controls (untreated + vehicle-treated embryos), 3-methylcholanthrene induced a greater than fivefold increase in activities of several monooxygenases (arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase, AHH; benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, BROD; ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, EROD; pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, PROD) and a greater than 100-fold increase in the concentration of immunodetected cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A). Phenobarbital treatment resulted in only a slight increase in BROD activity but induced proteins recognized by antibodies to cytochrome P450 2B (CYP2B) by 2,000-fold. In a field study, activities of AHH, BROD, EROD, and ethoxycoumarin-O-dealkylase (ECOD) were up to 85-fold higher in pipping black-crowned night herons collected from Cat Island compared to other sites. Hepatic CYP1A and CYP2B cross-reactive proteins were detected in significantly more individuals from Cat Island than from the reference site. Greatest burdens of total PCBs and p,p′-DDE were detected in embryos from Cat Island. Cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenase activities and cytochrome P450 proteins (AHH, BROD, EROD, ECOD, CYP1A, CYP2B) were significantly associated with total PCB burdens (r = 0.50-0.72). These data indicate that cytochrome P450 may be a useful biomarker of exposure to some PCB mixtures in black-crowned night heron embryos.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620120921","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., Melancon, M.J., Custer, T., Hothem, R.L., King, K.A., LeCaptain, L.J., Spann, J.W., Woodin, B.R., and Stegeman, J.J., 1993, Biomonitoring environmental contamination with pipping black-crowned night heron embryos: Induction of cytochrome P450: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 12, no. 9, p. 1719-1732, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120921.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1719","endPage":"1732","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6231f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, Kirk A.","contributorId":9203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LeCaptain, L. J.","contributorId":91056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCaptain","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Woodin, Bruce R.","contributorId":96632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodin","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":312918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stegeman, John J.","contributorId":55102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stegeman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":312911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70185456,"text":"70185456 - 1993 - Effects of physical and chemical heterogeneity on water-quality samples obtained from wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T06:38:17","indexId":"70185456","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of physical and chemical heterogeneity on water-quality samples obtained from wells","docAbstract":"

Factors that affect the mass of chemical constituents entering a well include the distributions of flow rate and chemical concentrations along and near the screened or open section of the well. Assuming a layered porous medium (with each layer being characterized by a uniform hydraulic conductivity and chemical concentration), a knowledge of the flow from each layer along the screened zone and of the chemical concentrations in each layer enables the total mass entering the well to be determined. Analyses of hypothetical systems and a site at Galloway, NJ, provide insight into the temporal variation of water-quality data observed when withdrawing water from screened wells in heterogeneous ground-water systems.

The analyses of hypothetical systems quantitatively indicate the cause-and-effect relations that cause temporal variability in water samples obtained from wells. Chemical constituents that have relatively uniform concentrations with depth may not show variations in concentrations in the water discharged from a well after the well is purged (evacuation of standing water in the well casing). However, chemical constituents that do not have uniform concentrations near the screened interval of the well may show variations in concentrations in the well discharge water after purging because of the physics of ground-water flow in the vicinity of the screen.

Water-quality samples were obtained through time over a 30 minute period from a site at Galloway, NJ. The water samples were analyzed for aromatic hydrocarbons, and the data for benzene, toluene, and meta+para xylene were evaluated for temporal variations. Samples were taken from seven discrete zones, and the flow-weighted concentrations of benzene, toluene, and meta+para xylene all indicate an increase in concentration over time during pumping. These observed trends in time were reproduced numerically based on the estimated concentration distribution in the aquifer and the flow rates from each zone.

The results of the hypothetical numerical experiments and the analysis of the field data both corroborate the impact of physical and chemical heterogeneity in the aquifer on water-quality samples obtained from wells. If temporal variations in concentrations of chemical constituents are observed, they may indicate variability in the ground-water system being sampled, which may give insight into the chemical distributions within the aquifer and provide guidance in the positioning of new sampling devices or wells.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00854.x","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., and Gibs, J., 1993, Effects of physical and chemical heterogeneity on water-quality samples obtained from wells: Groundwater, v. 31, no. 5, p. 805-813, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00854.x.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"805","endPage":"813","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3de4b0236b68f98f02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibs, Jacob jgibs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"Jacob","email":"jgibs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206238,"text":"70206238 - 1993 - Application of electromagnetic logging to contamination investigations in glacial sand-and-gravel aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T12:34:48","indexId":"70206238","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-31T12:25:22","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1866,"text":"Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of electromagnetic logging to contamination investigations in glacial sand-and-gravel aquifers","docAbstract":"

Electromagnetic (EM) logging provides an efficient method for high‐resolution, vertical delineation of electrically conductive contamination in glacial sand‐and‐gravel aquifers. LM. gamma, and lithologic logs and specific conductance data from sand‐and‐gravel aquifers at five sites in the northeastern United States were analyzed to define the relation of KM conductivity to aquifer lithology and water quality. Municipal waste disposal, septic waste discharge, or highway deicing salt application at these sites has caused contaminant plumes in which the dissolved solids concentration and specific conductance of ground water exceed background levels by as much as 10 to 20 limes.

The major hydrogeologic factors that affected KM log response at the five sites were the dissolved solids concentration of the ground water and the silt and clay content in the aquifer. KM conductivity of sand and gravel with uncontaminated water ranged from less than 5 to about 10 millisiemens per meter (mS/m); that of silt and clay zones ranged from about 15 to 45 mS/m: and that of the more highly contaminated zones in sand and gravel ranged from about 10 to more than 80 mS/m. Specific conductance of water samples from screened intervals in sand and gravel at selected monitoring well installations was significantly correlated with KM conductivity.

CM logging can be used in glacial sand‐and‐gravel aquifer investigations to (1) determine optimum depths for the placement of monitoring well screens: (2) provide a nearly continuous vertical profile of specific conductance to complement depth‐specific water quality samples; and (3) identify temporal changes in water quality through sequential logging. Detailed lithologic or gamma logs, preferably both, need to be collected along with the F.M logs to define zones in which elevated EM conductivity is caused by the presence of sill and clay beds rather than contamination.

","language":"English","publisher":" National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00082.x","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Lapham, W.W., and Barringer, T.H., 1993, Application of electromagnetic logging to contamination investigations in glacial sand-and-gravel aquifers: Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, v. 13, no. 3, p. 129-138, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00082.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1230724","text":"External Repository"},{"id":368613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Vermont","city":"Albany. Bristol, Farmington, Orleans, Wareham","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.82881164550781,\n 42.56724159136565\n ],\n [\n -73.69216918945312,\n 42.56724159136565\n ],\n [\n -73.69216918945312,\n 42.712209603842425\n ],\n [\n -73.82881164550781,\n 42.712209603842425\n ],\n [\n -73.82881164550781,\n 42.56724159136565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.1301498413086,\n 44.098187914865576\n ],\n [\n -73.0374526977539,\n 44.098187914865576\n ],\n [\n -73.0374526977539,\n 44.157331901887815\n ],\n [\n -73.1301498413086,\n 44.157331901887815\n ],\n [\n -73.1301498413086,\n 44.098187914865576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.82768249511719,\n 41.701627343789205\n ],\n [\n -72.76725769042967,\n 41.701627343789205\n ],\n [\n -72.76725769042967,\n 41.73699134552827\n ],\n [\n -72.82768249511719,\n 41.73699134552827\n ],\n [\n -72.82768249511719,\n 41.701627343789205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.0023078918457,\n 41.77924884467945\n ],\n [\n -69.96797561645508,\n 41.77924884467945\n ],\n [\n -69.96797561645508,\n 41.80497386705762\n ],\n [\n -70.0023078918457,\n 41.80497386705762\n ],\n [\n -70.0023078918457,\n 41.77924884467945\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.75538635253905,\n 41.734429390721\n ],\n [\n -70.6805419921875,\n 41.734429390721\n ],\n [\n -70.6805419921875,\n 41.79384042311992\n ],\n [\n -70.75538635253905,\n 41.79384042311992\n ],\n [\n -70.75538635253905,\n 41.734429390721\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapham, Wayne W.","contributorId":74734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barringer, Thomas H.","contributorId":42252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70113778,"text":"70113778 - 1993 - Contrast enhancing and adjusting advanced very high resolution radiometer scenes for solar illumination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T14:27:46","indexId":"70113778","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T14:22:16","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrast enhancing and adjusting advanced very high resolution radiometer scenes for solar illumination","docAbstract":"

The AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) satellite sensors provide daily coverage of the entire Earth. As a result, individual scenes cover broad geographic areas (roughly 3000 km by 5000 km) and can contain varying levels of solar illumination. Mosaics of AVHRR scenes can be created for large (continental and global) study areas. As the north-south extent of such mosaics increases, the lightness variability within the mosaic increases.

\n
\n

AVHRR channels one and two of multiple daytime scenes were histogrammed to find a relationship between solar zenith and scene lightness as described by brightness value distribution. This relationship was used to determine look-up tables (luts) which removed effects of varying solar illumination. These luts were combined with a contrast enhancing lut and stored online. For individual scenes, one precomputed composite lut was applied to the entire scene based on the solar zenith at scene center. For mosaicked scenes, each pixel was adjusted based on the solar zenith at that pixel location. These procedures reduce lightness variability within and between scenes and enhance scene contrast to provide visually pleasing imagery.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Zokaites, D.M., 1993, Contrast enhancing and adjusting advanced very high resolution radiometer scenes for solar illumination: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 569-569.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"569","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7661e4b0abf75cf2bf54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zokaites, David M.","contributorId":105231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zokaites","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113765,"text":"70113765 - 1993 - Analysis of urban regions using AVHRR thermal infrared data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T14:13:00","indexId":"70113765","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T14:05:55","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of urban regions using AVHRR thermal infrared data","docAbstract":"

Using 1-km AVHRR satellite data, relative temperature difference caused by conductivity and inertia were used to distinguish urban and non urban land covers. AVHRR data that were composited on a biweekly basis and distributed by the EROS Data Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, were used for the classification process. These composited images are based on the maximum normalized different vegetation index (NDVI) of each pixel during the 2-week period using channels 1 and 2. The resultant images are nearly cloud-free and reduce the need for extensive reclassification processing.

\n
\n

Because of the physiographic differences between the Eastern and Western United States, the initial study was limited to the eastern half of the United States. In the East, the time of maximum difference between the urban surfaces and the vegetated non urban areas is the peak greenness period in late summer. A composite image of the Eastern United States for the 2-weel time period from August 30-Septmeber 16, 1991, was used for the extraction of the urban areas. Two channels of thermal data (channels 3 and 4) normalized for regional temperature differences and a composited NDVI image were classified using conventional image processing techniques. The results compare favorably with other large-scale urban area delineations.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Wright, B., 1993, Analysis of urban regions using AVHRR thermal infrared data: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 568-568.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"568","endPage":"568","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7629e4b0abf75cf2beb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Bruce","contributorId":89929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113764,"text":"70113764 - 1993 - Status of the Landsat thematic mapper and multispectral scanner archive conversion system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T14:02:18","indexId":"70113764","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T13:56:04","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the Landsat thematic mapper and multispectral scanner archive conversion system","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) manages the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive. This archive includes Landsat thematic mapper (TM) multispectral scanner (MSS) data acquired since 1972. The Landsat archive is an important resource to global change research.

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To ensure long-term availability of Landsat data from the archive, the EDC specified requirements for a Thematic Mapper and Multispectral Scanner Archive Conversion System (TMACS) that would preserve the data by transcribing it to a more durable medium. In addition to media conversion, hardware and software was installed at EDC in July 1992. In December 1992, the EDC began converting Landsat MSS data from high-density, open reel instrumentation tapes to digital cassette tapes. Almost 320,000 MSS images acquired since 1979 and more than 200,000 TM images acquired since 1982 will be converted to the new medium during the next 3 years.

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\n

During the media conversion process, several high-density tapes have exhibited severe binder degradation. Even though these tapes have been stored in environmentally controlled conditions, hydrolysis has occurred, resulting in \"sticky oxide shed\". Using a thermostatically controlled oven built at EDC, tape \"baking\" has been 100 percent successful and actually improves the quality of some images.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Werner, D.J., 1993, Status of the Landsat thematic mapper and multispectral scanner archive conversion system: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 560-562.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"562","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7837e4b0abf75cf2ce3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, Darla J.","contributorId":77849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Darla","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113763,"text":"70113763 - 1993 - History of greenness mapping at the EROS data center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T13:54:57","indexId":"70113763","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T13:48:22","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"History of greenness mapping at the EROS data center","docAbstract":"

In 1987, the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC)installed a system to acquire, process, and distribute advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite image data collected over North America. Using this system, the EDC began an experimental greenness mapping program as part of the U.S. Agency for the International Development Famine Early Warning System. The program used the greenness information derived from AVHRR data to identify potential outbreaks of locusts and grasshoppers in the Sahelian region of Africa. In 1988, the EDC began greenness mapping projects in Africa and the northern Great Plains of the United States. In 1989, the system was augmented to acquire AVHRR information for the rest of the world. As a result, the greenness mapping program was able to collect data for fire danger assessment, agricultural assessment, and land characterization.

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\n

Illustrations of each of the mapping projects trace the chronology of the greenness mapping program at the EDC. Displays represent the initial activity in Africa and the transition of the north Great Plains project to the current conterminous U.S. project. The program's expansion to include Alaska, Eurasia, a prototype North America data set, and ultimately, an experimental global land 1-km product is also shown. The poster describes major technical advances in data processing, the development of derivative products, the magnitude of the data volume of each level, and major applications.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Van Beek, C., and Vandersnick, R., 1993, History of greenness mapping at the EROS data center: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 559-559.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"559","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae773ae4b0abf75cf2c0b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Beek, Carolyn","contributorId":35234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Beek","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandersnick, Richard","contributorId":108027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandersnick","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113750,"text":"70113750 - 1993 - A practical implementation for a data dictionary in an environment of diverse data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T13:44:17","indexId":"70113750","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T13:40:05","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A practical implementation for a data dictionary in an environment of diverse data sets","docAbstract":"

The need for a data dictionary database at the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) was reinforced with the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) requirement for consistent field definitions of data sets residing at more than one archive center. The EDC requirement addresses the existence of multiple sets with identical field definitions using various naming conventions. The EDC is developing a data dictionary database to accomplish the following foals: to standardize field names for ease in software development; to facilitate querying and updating of the date; and to generate ad hoc reports. The structure of the EDC electronic data dictionary database supports different metadata systems as well as many different data sets. A series of reports is used to keep consistency among data sets and various metadata systems.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Sprenger, K.K., and Larsen, D.M., 1993, A practical implementation for a data dictionary in an environment of diverse data sets: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 554-554.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"554","endPage":"554","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7618e4b0abf75cf2be85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprenger, Karla K.","contributorId":58942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprenger","given":"Karla","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Dana M.","contributorId":98633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113736,"text":"70113736 - 1993 - Global land information system (GLIS) access to worldwide Landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T13:06:00","indexId":"70113736","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T13:01:09","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global land information system (GLIS) access to worldwide Landsat data","docAbstract":"

The Landsat Technical Working Group (LTWG) and the Landsat Ground Station Operations Working Group (LGSOWG) have encouraged Landsat receiving stations around the world to share information about their data holdings through the exchange of metadata records. Receiving stations forward their metadata records to the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) on a quarterly basis. The EDC maintains the records for each station, coordinates changes to the database, and provides metadata to the stations as requested. The result is a comprehensive international database listing most of the world's Landsat data acquisitions

\n
\n

This exchange of information began in the early 1980's with the inclusion in the EDC database os scenes acquired by a receiving station in Italy. Through the years other stations have agreed to participate; currently ten of the seventeen stations actively share their metadata records. Coverage maps have been generated to depict the status of the database. The Worldwide Landsat database is also available though the Global Land Information System (GLIS).

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Smith, T., and Goodale, K.L., 1993, Global land information system (GLIS) access to worldwide Landsat data: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 553-553.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"553","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76e9e4b0abf75cf2c080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Timothy B.","contributorId":90644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Timothy B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodale, Katherine L.","contributorId":61346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodale","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113735,"text":"70113735 - 1993 - The proposed EROSpace institute, a national center operated by space grant universities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T12:55:10","indexId":"70113735","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T12:48:46","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The proposed EROSpace institute, a national center operated by space grant universities","docAbstract":"

The \"EROSpace Institute\" is a proposed visiting scientist program in associated with the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC). The Institute would be operated by a consortium of universities, possible drawn from NASA's Space Grant College and Fellowship Program consortia and the group of 17 capability-enhancement consortia, or perhaps from consortia though out the nation with a topical interest in remote sensing. The National Center for Atmospheric Research or the Goddard Institute for Space Studies provide models for the structure of such an institute.

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\n

The objectives of the Institute are to provide ready access to the body of data housed at the EDC and to increase the cadre of knowledgeable and trained scientists able to deal with the increasing volume of remote sensing data to become available from the Earth Observing System. The Institute would have a staff of about 100 scientists at any one time, about half permanent staff, and half visiting scientists. The latter would include graduate and undergraduate students, as well as faculty on temporary visits, summer fellowships, or sabbatical leaves. The Institute would provide office and computing facilities, as well as Internet linkages to the home institutions so that scientists could continue to participate in the program from their home base.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Smith, P.L., Swiden, L.R., and Waltz, F.A., 1993, The proposed EROSpace institute, a national center operated by space grant universities: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 550-552.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"550","endPage":"552","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae786fe4b0abf75cf2d4d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Paul L.","contributorId":17140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swiden, LaDell R.","contributorId":46875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swiden","given":"LaDell","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waltz, Frederick A.","contributorId":20257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltz","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70113724,"text":"70113724 - 1993 - CD-ROM technology at the EROS data center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T12:33:54","indexId":"70113724","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T12:27:12","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CD-ROM technology at the EROS data center","docAbstract":"

The vast amount of digital spatial data often required by a single user has created a demand for media alternatives to 1/2\" magnetic tape. One such medium that has been recently adopted at the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center is the compact disc (CD). CD's are a versatile, dynamic, and low-cost method for providing a variety of data on a single media device and are compatible with various computer platforms. CD drives are available for personal computers, UNIX workstations, and mainframe systems, either directly connected, or through a network. This medium furnishes a quick method of reproducing and distributing large amounts of data on a single CD.

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Several data sets are already available on CD's, including collections of historical Landsat multispectral scanner data and biweekly composites of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data for the conterminous United States. The EROS Data Center intends to provide even more data sets on CD's. Plans include specific data sets on a customized disc to fulfill individual requests, and mass production of unique data sets for large-scale distribution. Requests for a single compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) containing a large volume of data either for archiving or for one-time distribution can be addressed with a CD-write once (CD-WO) unit. Mass production and large-scale distribution will require CD-ROM replication and mastering.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Madigan, M.E., and Weinheimer, M.C., 1993, CD-ROM technology at the EROS data center: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 526-526.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae764de4b0abf75cf2bf11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madigan, Michael E.","contributorId":71887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madigan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weinheimer, Mary C.","contributorId":37653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinheimer","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113717,"text":"70113717 - 1993 - Twenty years of Landsat data accessible through the national satellite land remote sensing data archive","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T12:18:55","indexId":"70113717","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T12:12:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twenty years of Landsat data accessible through the national satellite land remote sensing data archive","docAbstract":"

The EROS Data Center has managed to National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive's (NSLRSDA) Landsat data since 1972. The NSLRSDA includes Landsat MSS data from 1972 through 1991 and T M data from 1982 through 1993. In response to many requests from multi-disciplined users for an enhanced insight into the availability and volume of Landsat data over specific worldwide land areas, numerous world plots and corresponding statical overviews have been prepared. These presentations include information related to image quality, cloud cover, various types of data overage (i.e. regions, countries, path, rows), acquisition station coverage areas, various archive media formats (i.e. wide band video tapes, computer compatible tapes, high density tapes, etc.) and acquisition time periods (i.e. years, seasons). Plans are to publish this information in a paper sample booklet at the Pecora 12 Symposium, in a USGS circular and on a Landsat CD-ROM; the data will be also be incorporated into GLIS.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Larsen, D.M., 1993, Twenty years of Landsat data accessible through the national satellite land remote sensing data archive: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 525-525.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae787ee4b0abf75cf2d733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Dana M.","contributorId":98633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113715,"text":"70113715 - 1993 - \"Relative CIR\": an image enhancement and visualization technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T12:04:19","indexId":"70113715","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:55:39","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"\"Relative CIR\": an image enhancement and visualization technique","docAbstract":"

Many techniques exist to spectrally and spatially enhance digital multispectral scanner data. One technique enhances an image while keeping the colors as they would appear in a color-infrared (CIR) image. This \"relative CIR\" technique generates an image that is both spectrally and spatially enhanced, while displaying a maximum range of colors. The technique enables an interpreter to visualize either spectral or land cover classes by their relative CIR characteristics. A relative CIR image is generated by developed spectral statistics for each class in the classifications and then, using a nonparametric approach for spectral enhancement, the means of the classes for each band are ranked. A 3 by 3 pixel smoothing filter is applied to the classification for spatial enhancement and the classes are mapped to the representative rank for each band. Practical applications of the technique include displaying an image classification product as a CIR image that was not derived directly from a spectral image, visualizing how a land cover classification would look as a CIR image, and displaying a spectral classification or intermediate product that will be used to label spectral classes.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Fleming, M.D., 1993, \"Relative CIR\": an image enhancement and visualization technique: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 493-493.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7608e4b0abf75cf2be58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Michael D.","contributorId":102638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113712,"text":"70113712 - 1993 - Development of a graphical user interface for the global land information system (GLIS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:54:50","indexId":"70113712","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:44:33","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a graphical user interface for the global land information system (GLIS)","docAbstract":"

The process of developing a Motif Graphical User Interface for the Global Land Information System (GLIS) involved incorporating user requirements, in-house visual and functional design requirements, and Open Software Foundation (OSF) Motif style guide standards. Motif user interface windows have been developed using the software to support Motif window functions war written using the C programming language. The GLIS architecture was modified to support multiple servers and remote handlers running the X Window System by forming a network of servers and handlers connected by TCP/IP communications. In April 1993, prior to release the GLIS graphical user interface and system architecture modifications were test by developers and users located at the EROS Data Center and 11 beta test sites across the country.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Alstad, S.R., and Jackson, D.A., 1993, Development of a graphical user interface for the global land information system (GLIS): Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 489-489.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"489","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7681e4b0abf75cf2bf77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alstad, Susan R.","contributorId":41748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alstad","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, David A.","contributorId":40906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113710,"text":"70113710 - 1993 - Integration of environmental simulation models with satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems technologies: case studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:43:15","indexId":"70113710","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:34:20","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of environmental simulation models with satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems technologies: case studies","docAbstract":"

Environmental modelers are testing and evaluating a prototype land cover characteristics database for the conterminous United States developed by the EROS Data Center of the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Nebraska Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies. This database was developed from multi temporal, 1-kilometer advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data for 1990 and various ancillary data sets such as elevation, ecological regions, and selected climatic normals. Several case studies using this database were analyzed to illustrate the integration of satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems technologies with land-atmosphere interactions models at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. The case studies are representative of contemporary environmental simulation modeling at local to regional levels in global change research, land and water resource management, and environmental simulation modeling at local to regional levels in global change research, land and water resource management and environmental risk assessment. The case studies feature land surface parameterizations for atmospheric mesoscale and global climate models; biogenic-hydrocarbons emissions models; distributed parameter watershed and other hydrological models; and various ecological models such as ecosystem, dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, ecotone variability, and equilibrium vegetation models. The case studies demonstrate the important of multi temporal AVHRR data to develop to develop and maintain a flexible, near-realtime land cover characteristics database. Moreover, such a flexible database is needed to derive various vegetation classification schemes, to aggregate data for nested models, to develop remote sensing algorithms, and to provide data on dynamic landscape characteristics. The case studies illustrate how such a database supports research on spatial heterogeneity, land use, sensitivity analysis, and scaling issues involving regional extrapolations and parameterizations of dynamic land processes within simulation models.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Steyaert, L.T., Loveland, T., Brown, J., and Reed, B.C., 1993, Integration of environmental simulation models with satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems technologies: case studies: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 407-417.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7750e4b0abf75cf2c0f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyaert, Louis T.","contributorId":24689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":85123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70113709,"text":"70113709 - 1993 - An evaluation of atmospheric corrections to advanced very high resolution radiometer data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:32:47","indexId":"70113709","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:28:43","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of atmospheric corrections to advanced very high resolution radiometer data","docAbstract":"

A data set compiled to analyze vegetation indices is used to evaluate the effect of atmospheric correction to AVHRR measurement in the solar spectrum. Such corrections include cloud screening and \"clear sky\" corrections. We used the \"clouds from AVHRR\" (CLAVR) method for cloud detection and evaluated its performance over vegetated targets. Clear sky corrections, designed to reduce the effects of molecular scattering and absorption due to ozone, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and molecular oxygen, were applied to data values determine to be cloud free. Generally, it was found that the screening and correction of the AVHRR data did not affect the maximum NDVI compositing process adversely, while at the same time improving estimates of the land-surface radiances over a compositing period.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D., and Hood, J.J., 1993, An evaluation of atmospheric corrections to advanced very high resolution radiometer data: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 397-403.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7627e4b0abf75cf2beaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, David dmeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"David","email":"dmeyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, Joy J. jhood@usgs.gov","contributorId":5510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"Joy","email":"jhood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113708,"text":"70113708 - 1993 - An innovative partnership for national environmental assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:27:44","indexId":"70113708","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:22:02","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An innovative partnership for national environmental assessment","docAbstract":"

Four federal environmental programs: EMAP (USEPA), GAP (USFWS), C-CAP (NOAA), NAWQA (USGS) have formed a partnership with EROS Data Center (USGS) to facilitate the development of baseline land characteristics information for the conterminous U.S. Each of the respective programs brings to the group unique experience and expertise. Despite emphasis on different environmental issues, together we have identified common requirements for source satellite data, preprocessing, spectral clustering, ancillary data, data management and distribution. We are also developing a research agenda to support this initiative and future efforts of this partnership. The short-term goal of out effort is the joint acquisition and preprocessing of recent Landsat TM images for the conterminous U.S. To date, images have been identified for acquisition, and preliminary plans have been made for preprocessing. The long-term goal for this group is collaborative research and development of a flexible and functional land characteristics database for use by our programs and others. This partnership demonstrates that national environmental programs within multiple government agencies can work effectively together to achieve common goals and reduce overall cost.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Shaw, D., Field, D., Holm, T.M., Jennings, M., Sturdevant, J.A., Thelin, G., and Worthy, L., 1993, An innovative partnership for national environmental assessment: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 339-339.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"339","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7627e4b0abf75cf2beac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, D.M.","contributorId":46716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, D.W.","contributorId":106019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holm, T. M.","contributorId":66436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, M.D.","contributorId":53976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sturdevant, J. A.","contributorId":88350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturdevant","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thelin, G.P.","contributorId":84421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Worthy, L.D.","contributorId":89064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worthy","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70113707,"text":"70113707 - 1993 - A temporal comparison of forest cover using digital earth science data and visualization techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:20:05","indexId":"70113707","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:14:34","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A temporal comparison of forest cover using digital earth science data and visualization techniques","docAbstract":"

Increased demands on forest resources and the recognition of old-growth forests as critical habitats and purifiers of the atmosphere have stimulated attention to forest harvest practices in the United States and worldwide. Visualization technology provides a means by which a history of forestry activities may be documented and presented to the public and decisionmakers. In this project, landsat multispectral scanner and thematic mapper images, acquired July 7, 1981, and July 8, 1991, respectively, were georeferenced, resampled, enhanced, and draped over U.S. Geological Survey 30-meter digital elevation models. These data then were used to create perspective views of portions of Mt. Hood Forest, Oregon. The \"fly-by\" animation (produced by rapidly displaying a sequence of these perspective views) conveys the forest cover change resulting from forest harvest activities over the 10-year period. This project shows the value of combining satellite data with base cartographic data and earth science information for use in public education and decision-making processes.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., 1993, A temporal comparison of forest cover using digital earth science data and visualization techniques: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 301-309.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae761de4b0abf75cf2be90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113706,"text":"70113706 - 1993 - Availability of Earth observations data from the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS data center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:13:38","indexId":"70113706","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:08:28","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Availability of Earth observations data from the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS data center","docAbstract":"

For decades federal and state agencies have been collecting regional, continental, and global Earth observations data acquired by satellites, aircraft, and other information-gathering systems. These data include photographic and digital remotely sensed images of the Earth's surface, as well as earth science, cartographic, and geographic data. Since 1973, the U.S. Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, has been a data management, production, dissemination, and research center for these data. Currently, the Data Center holds over 10 million satellite images and aerial photographs, in photographic and digital formats. Users are able to place inquiries and orders for these holdings via a nationwide computer network. In addition to cataloging the data stored in its archives, the Data Center provides users with rapid access to information on many data collections held by other facilities.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Holm, T.M., Draeger, W.C., and Risty, R.R., 1993, Availability of Earth observations data from the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS data center: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 273-277.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7635e4b0abf75cf2bed7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm, Thomas M. holm@usgs.gov","contributorId":261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"Thomas","email":"holm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Draeger, William C.","contributorId":46522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draeger","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Risty, Ronald R.","contributorId":38900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risty","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70113705,"text":"70113705 - 1993 - Raster profile development for the spatial data transfer standard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:06:50","indexId":"70113705","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Raster profile development for the spatial data transfer standard","docAbstract":"

The Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS), recently approved as Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 173, is designed to transfer various types of spatial data. Implementing all of the standard's options at one time is impractical. Profiles, or limited subsets of the SDTS, are the mechanisms by which the standards will be implemented. The development of a raster profile is being coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) SDTS Task Force. This raster profile is intended to accommodate digital georeferenced image data and regularly spaces, georeferenced gridded data. The USGS's digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQs), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) advanced very huh resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and Landsat data, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Earth observing system (EOS) data are among the candidate data sets for this profile. Other raster profiles, designed to support nongeoreferenced and other types of \"raw\" sensor data will be consider in the future. As with the Topological Vector Profile (TVP) for the SDTS, development of the raster profile includes designing a prototype profile, testing the prototype profile using sample data sets, and finally, requesting and receiving FIPS approval.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Szemraj, J.A., 1993, Raster profile development for the spatial data transfer standard: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 267-272.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7800e4b0abf75cf2c71b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szemraj, John A.","contributorId":42735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szemraj","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70113704,"text":"70113704 - 1993 - Processing techniques for global land 1-km AVHRR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T10:59:39","indexId":"70113704","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T10:49:35","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processing techniques for global land 1-km AVHRR data","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC) in cooperation with several international science organizations has developed techniques for processing daily Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 1-km data of the entire global land surface. These techniques include orbital stitching, geometric rectification, radiometric calibration, and atmospheric correction.

\n
\n

An orbital stitching algorithm was developed to combine consecutive observations acquired along an orbit by ground receiving stations into contiguous half-orbital segments.

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\n

The geometric rectification process uses an AVHRR satellite model that contains modules for forward mapping, forward terrain correction, and inverse mapping with terrain correction. The correction is accomplished by using the hydrologic features coastlines and lakes from the Digital Chart of the World. These features are rasterized into the satellite projection and are matched to the AVHRR imagery using binary edge correlation techniques. The resulting coefficients are related to six attitude correction parameters: roll, roll rate, pitch, pitch rate, yaw, and altitude. The image can then be precision corrected to a variety of map projections and user-selected image frames.

\n
\n

Because the AVHRR lacks onboard calibration for the optical wavelengths, a series of time-variant calibration coefficients derived from vicarious calibration methods and are used to model the degradation profile of the instruments.

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\n

Reducing atmospheric effects on AVHRR data is important. A method has been develop that will remove the effects of molecular scattering and absorption from clear sky observations, using climatological measurements of ozone. Other methods to remove the effects of water vapor and aerosols are being investigated.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J.C., Steinwand, D.R., Wivell, C.E., Hollaren, D.M., and Meyer, D., 1993, Processing techniques for global land 1-km AVHRR data: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 214-222.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae77f6e4b0abf75cf2c605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel R. steinwand@usgs.gov","contributorId":3224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","email":"steinwand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wivell, Charles E.","contributorId":65010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wivell","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollaren, Douglas M.","contributorId":78253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollaren","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, David dmeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"David","email":"dmeyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}