The objective for siting and design of low-level radioactive-waste repository sites is to isolate the waste from the biosphere until the waste no longer poses an unacceptable hazard as a result of radioactive decay. Low-level radioactive waste commonly is isolated at shallow depths with various engineered features to stabilize the waste and to reduce its dissolution and transport by ground water. The unsaturated zone generally is preferred for isolating the waste. Low-level radioactive waste may need to be isolated for 300 to 500 years. Maintenance and monitoring of the repository site are required by Federal regulations for only the first 100 years. Therefore, geohydrology of the repository site needs to provide natural isolation of the waste for the hazardous period following maintenance of the site. Engineering design of the repository needs to be compatible with the natural geohydrologic conditions at the site. Studies at existing commercial and Federal waste-disposal sites provide information on the problems encountered and the basis for establishing siting guidelines for improved isolation of radioactive waste, engineering design of repository structures, and surveillance needs to assess the effectiveness of the repositories and to provide early warning of problems that may require remedial action.
Climate directly affects the hydrology of a site and probably is the most important single factor that affects the suitability of a site for shallow-land burial of low-level radioactive waste. Humid and subhumid regions are not well suited for shallow isolation of low-level radioactive waste in the unsaturated zone; arid regions with zero to small infiltration from precipitation, great depths to the water table, and long flow paths to natural discharge areas are naturally well suited to isolation of the waste. The unsaturated zone is preferred for isolation of low-level radioactive waste. The guiding rationale is to minimize contact of water with the waste and to minimize transport of waste from the repository. The hydrology of a flow system containing a repository is greatly affected by the engineering of the repository site. Prediction of the performance of the repository is a complex problem, hampered by problems of characterizing the natural and manmade features of the flow system and by the limitations of models to predict flow and geochemical processes in the saturated and unsaturated zones. Disposal in low-permeability unfractured clays in the saturated zone may be feasible where the radionuclide transport is controlled by diffusion rather than advection.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir1034","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., 1989, Geohydrologic aspects for siting and design of low-level radioactive-waste disposal: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1034, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1034.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31268,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1989/1034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1989/1034/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29302,"text":"wri884005 - 1989 - Suspended-sediment yields from an unmined area and from mined areas before and after reclamation in Pennsylvania, June 1978-September 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T08:10:45","indexId":"wri884005","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4005","title":"Suspended-sediment yields from an unmined area and from mined areas before and after reclamation in Pennsylvania, June 1978-September 1983","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, has collected hydrologic data from areas in Tioga, Clearfield, and Fayette Counties to determine the effects of surface coal mining on sediment yields. The data were collected from June 1978 through September 1983. Rainfall, streamflow and suspended-sediment data were collected with automatic recording and sampling equipment. Data were collected in Tioga County from an agricultural area that was unaffected by mining and from a forested area prior to surface mining. Data were collected from two areas affected by active surface mining in Tioga County and from an area in Clearfield County being mined by the contour-surface method. Data also were collected from three areas, Tioga, Clearfield, and Fayette Counties, during and after reclamation. The efficiencies of sediment-control pounds in Clearfield and Fayette Counties also were determined. The average annual sediment yield from the agricultural area in Tioga County, which was 35 percent forested, was 0.48 ton per acre per year, and the yield from the forested area prior to mining was 0.0036 ton per acre per year. The average annual sediment yields from the areas affected by active surface mining were 22 tons per acre from the improved haul road and 148 tons per acre from the unimproved haul road. \r\n\r\nThe average annual sediment yield from the site in Clearfield County that had been prepared for mining was 6.3 tons per acre. The average annual sediment yield from the same site while it was being mined by the contour method was 5.5 tons per acre per year. The sediment-control pond reduced the average annual sediment yield to 0.50 ton per acre while the site was prepared for mining and to 0.14 ton per acre while the site was being mined. Because the active surface mining reduced the effective drainage area to the pond, the sediment yield decreased from 0.50 to 0.14 ton per acre. \r\n\r\nAverage annual suspended-sediment yields from the reclaimed site in Tioga County were 1.0 ton per acre during the first year, when vegetation was becoming established, and 0.037 ton per acre during the second year, when vegetation was well established. The average annual sediment yield below a 21.2-acre, reclaimed, surface mine in Clearfield County that had been mined by the contour method was 15 tons per acre during the first year when vegetation was becoming established. However, the average annual sediment yield below a sediment-control pond at this reclaimed site in Clearfield County was 0.30 ton per acre. \r\n\r\nData collected from a 4.2-acre reclaimed area that had been surface mined by the block-cut method in Fayette County showed that annual sediment yields from the area were 77 tons per acre in 1981 (no vegetation), 32 tons per acre in 1982 (sparse vegetation), and 1.0 ton per acre in 1983 (well-esatablished vegetation). The average annual yield below a sediment-control pond at the mine site in Fayette County was 0.19 ton per acre during the 27 months of data collection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884005","usgsCitation":"Reed, L., and Hainly, R., 1989, Suspended-sediment yields from an unmined area and from mined areas before and after reclamation in Pennsylvania, June 1978-September 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4005, viii, 50 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884005.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4005/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58150,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687fee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, L.A.","contributorId":14454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hainly, R.A.","contributorId":45732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainly","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29060,"text":"wri884139 - 1989 - Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri884139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4139","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83","docAbstract":"The groundwater system at Anchorage, Alaska was analyzed by using a two-layer three-dimensional mathematical model. By use of existing data, both nonpumping and pumping steady-state conditions and transient conditions were simulated. Under steady-state conditions, calculated directions of groundwater flow were similar to observed flow patterns, and calculated stream discharges generally were within 10% of observed values. However, in many parts of the modeled area computed hydraulic head values were more than 20 ft higher or lower than observed values. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are the most sensitive hydraulic parameters under steady-state conditions. Under steady-state conditions, a pumping rate of 18.8 Mgal/d lowers heads in the confined aquifer by as much as 30 ft, but reduces streamflow by less than 5%. Transient conditions show that drawndowns due to withdrawals by production wells follow similar patterns of nearby observation wells. On the basis of analytical techniques, the confining layer does not appear to hold significant quantities of water. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884139","usgsCitation":"Patrick, L., Brabets, T.P., and Glass, R.L., 1989, Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4139, v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884139.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57922,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64852f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Leslie","contributorId":36136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glass, R. L.","contributorId":80279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":61759,"text":"gq1667 - 1989 - Geologic map of the Two Ocean Pass quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park and vicinity, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:28","indexId":"gq1667","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1667","title":"Geologic map of the Two Ocean Pass quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park and vicinity, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1667","usgsCitation":"Smedes, H.W., M’Gonigle, J.W., and Prostka, H.J., 1989, Geologic map of the Two Ocean Pass quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park and vicinity, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1667, 1 map :col. ;45 x 32 cm. on sheet 59 x 92 cm. folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1667.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;45 x 32 cm. on sheet 59 x 92 cm. folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":102732,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1182.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1182"},{"id":248055,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1667/report.pdf","size":"72","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1667/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.25,44 ], [ -110.25,44.25 ], [ -110,44.25 ], [ -110,44 ], [ -110.25,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a1e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smedes, Harry Wynn","contributorId":41416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smedes","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"Wynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"M’Gonigle, John W.","contributorId":10397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"M’Gonigle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prostka, Harold J.","contributorId":52185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prostka","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2308,"text":"wsp2349 - 1989 - The significance of sediment transport in arroyo development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp2349","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2349","title":"The significance of sediment transport in arroyo development","docAbstract":"Arroyo widening dominates postincisional arroyo development, and the manner of widening is dependent on the grain size of bed material transported by the channel. \r\n\r\nWhen bed material is predominantly gravel, subaqueous bars that alternate from one side of the channel to the other form during high flows in initially narrow, often straight, arroyos. These alternate bars grow and become coarse-grained point bars. Moderate and low flows cannot rework these coarse bars, and the channel meanders around them. Arroyo walls opposite the bars are undercut and eroded. With progressive arroyo widening by erosion of cut banks, high-flow channel width increases, and depth decreases, reducing channel competence. Gravel is deposited in midchannel bars, point bars are reworked, and the channel becomes braided. As braiding becomes dominant, both arroyo walls are eroded. This conceptual model of coarse-grained arroyo development is based on observations of arroyo development through time using physical models and interpretation of the channel and arroyo morphology and sedimentology during a short period along the San Simon, San Pedro, and Santa Cruz Rivers in southeast Arizona. \r\n\r\nWhen bed material is predominantly sand, the channel pattern within initial arroyos is typically braided, and both arroyo walls are actively eroded. Alternate bars may form within single-thread, high-flow channels, but they are reworked during recessional flows, and the .low-flow channel is again braided. With progressive arroyo widening, fine sand, silt, and clay carried in suspension are deposited across a flood plain within the wide arroyo, causing the channel to meander. This fine-grained arroyo development model is based on observations of arroyo development through time using physical models and interpretation of the channel and arroyo morphology and sedimentology during a short period along the Rio Puerco, New Mexico. \r\n\r\nExperimental investigations using physical models in which incised channels were monitored through time indicate that the rate of arroyo widening is dependent on the amount of bedload transported through a reach. This is documented by the relations between the rate of arroyo erosion and the observed sediment transport, the channel slope, the channel width and the channel width-to-depth ratio. When a small amount of bed material is being transported, arroyos do not widen whether they are narrow (arroyo width-to-depth ratios between 1.5 and 3.1), intermediate (between 2.5 and 4.8), or wide (greater than 4.9). Arroyo widening resumes when a larger supply of bed material is introduced. \r\n\r\nArroyo widening decreases through time because with progressive increases of arroyo width, the frequency with which unstable channels within the arroyo impinge upon arroyo walls decreases. Arroyos become wider in a downstream direction in response to the cumulative effect of upstream sediment production.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2349","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.F., 1989, The significance of sediment transport in arroyo development: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2349, v, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2349.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2349/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28133,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2349/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, David F. dfmeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"David","email":"dfmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":144986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47494,"text":"b1787L - 1989 - The ammonite Metengonoceras Hyatt, 1903, from the Mowry Shale (Cretaceous) of Montana and Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47494,"text":"b1787L - 1989 - The ammonite Metengonoceras Hyatt, 1903, from the Mowry Shale (Cretaceous) of Montana and Wyoming","indexId":"b1787L","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"The ammonite Metengonoceras Hyatt, 1903, from the Mowry Shale (Cretaceous) of Montana and Wyoming"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33224,"text":"b1787 - 1987 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Uinta and Piceance Basins","indexId":"b1787","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Uinta and Piceance Basins"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33224,"text":"b1787 - 1987 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Uinta and Piceance Basins","indexId":"b1787","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Uinta and Piceance Basins"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-09T09:38:30","indexId":"b1787L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1787","chapter":"L","title":"The ammonite Metengonoceras Hyatt, 1903, from the Mowry Shale (Cretaceous) of Montana and Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b1787L","usgsCitation":"Cobban, W., and Kennedy, W.J., 1989, The ammonite Metengonoceras Hyatt, 1903, from the Mowry Shale (Cretaceous) of Montana and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1787, p. L1-L11, illus. incl. 1 table, 5 plates, sketch map, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1787L.","productDescription":"p. L1-L11, illus. incl. 1 table, 5 plates, sketch map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1787l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84443,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1787l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6697ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cobban, William A.","contributorId":99529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"William A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, W. J.","contributorId":81873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47498,"text":"b1808G - 1989 - X-ray diffraction studies of the <0.5um fraction from the Brushy Basin Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado Plateau","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47498,"text":"b1808G - 1989 - X-ray diffraction studies of the <0.5um fraction from the Brushy Basin Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado Plateau","indexId":"b1808G","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"X-ray diffraction studies of the <0.5um fraction from the Brushy Basin Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado Plateau"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33203,"text":"b1808 - 1988 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: San Juan Basin","indexId":"b1808","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: San Juan Basin"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33203,"text":"b1808 - 1988 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: San Juan Basin","indexId":"b1808","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: San Juan Basin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-09T09:44:21","indexId":"b1808G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1808","chapter":"G","title":"X-ray diffraction studies of the <0.5um fraction from the Brushy Basin Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado Plateau","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b1808G","usgsCitation":"Owen, D.E., Turner-Peterson, C.E., and Fishman, N.S., 1989, X-ray diffraction studies of the <0.5um fraction from the Brushy Basin Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado Plateau: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1808, p. G1-G25, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1808G.","productDescription":"p. G1-G25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247739,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1808g/report.pdf","size":"2156","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1808g/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de6d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, Douglass E.","contributorId":76282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Douglass","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner-Peterson, Christine E.","contributorId":97071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner-Peterson","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fishman, Neil S.","contributorId":106464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28993,"text":"wri894211 - 1989 - Analysis of geophysical well logs and flowmeter measurements in boreholes penetrating subhorizontal fracture zones, Lac de Bonnet Batholith, Manitoba, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri894211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4211","title":"Analysis of geophysical well logs and flowmeter measurements in boreholes penetrating subhorizontal fracture zones, Lac de Bonnet Batholith, Manitoba, Canada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri894211","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1989, Analysis of geophysical well logs and flowmeter measurements in boreholes penetrating subhorizontal fracture zones, Lac de Bonnet Batholith, Manitoba, Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4211, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894211.","productDescription":"30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4211/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57861,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4211/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29228,"text":"wri884183 - 1989 - Aquifer-test analysis of the upper aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Union Beach Borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T19:16:03.060735","indexId":"wri884183","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4183","title":"Aquifer-test analysis of the upper aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Union Beach Borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The hydraulic properties of the upper aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system and of the overlying and underlying confining units were determined from and aquifer test in the vicinity of Union Beach Borough, New Jersey, near Raritan Bay. The April 1986 test included the pumping of 2 test wells for 72 hours at a combined discharge rate of 1,375 gal/min, and the measurement of water levels in 10 observation wells. No lateral recharge boundary in Raritan Bay affected the observed water-level changes. Assuming leaky artesian conditions, the average transmissivity and storage coefficient of the upper aquifer are 7,754 sq ft/day and 0.00044 respectively. The leakance of the combined confining units ranges from 0.000030 to 0.000076/day/ft. On the basis of lithologic samples from a nearby well, the overlying and underlying confining units were assumed to have similar hydraulic properties. By using this assumption, the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining units ranges from 0.010 to 0.027 ft/day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884183","usgsCitation":"Pucci, A.A., Pope, D., and Ivahnenko, T., 1989, Aquifer-test analysis of the upper aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Union Beach Borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4183, Report: vi, 27 p.; 3 Plates: 32.15 × 21.07 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884183.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; 3 Plates: 32.15 × 21.07 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395907,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49226.htm"},{"id":58087,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4183/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58086,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4183/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58085,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4183/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58088,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4183/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4183/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Monmouth County","otherGeospatial":"Union Beach Borough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.2056,\n 40.425\n ],\n [\n -74.15,\n 40.425\n ],\n [\n -74.15,\n 40.45\n ],\n [\n -74.2056,\n 40.45\n ],\n [\n -74.2056,\n 40.425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679ec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pucci, A. A. Jr.","contributorId":100000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pucci","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, D. A.","contributorId":13991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivahnenko, Tamara 0000-0002-1124-7688 ivahnenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-7688","contributorId":93524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"Tamara","email":"ivahnenk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29041,"text":"wri894165 - 1989 - Estimates of mean monthly streamflow for selected sites in the Musselshell River basin, Montana, base period water years 1937-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri894165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4165","title":"Estimates of mean monthly streamflow for selected sites in the Musselshell River basin, Montana, base period water years 1937-86","docAbstract":"Estimates of mean monthly and mean annual streamflow were made for 56 selected sites in the Musselshell River basin and 1 site outside the basin. The study area was divided into a Mountain Region and a Plains Region and the estimation methods were applied separately in the two regions. Four methods were developed to estimate mean monthly streamflow at ungaged sites. The first method was based on the regression relation between mean monthly streamflow and various basin and climatic characteristics. The standard errors ranged from 35 to 71% in the Mountain Region and from 98 to 157% in the Plains Region. The second method was based on the regression relations between mean monthly streamflow and active-channel width. The standard errors ranged from 38 to 81% in the Mountain Region and from 71 to 98% in the Plains Region. The third method was based on correlation of measured streamflow at ungaged sites with concurrent daily mean streamflow at nearby gaged sites. The standard errors ranged from 36 to 66% in the Mountain Region and from 109 to 321% in the Plains Region. The fourth method, generally the most reliable, estimated mean monthly streamflows by weighing individual estimates in accordance with their variance and degree of independence. The standard error for this method when all three individual estimates were weighed ranged from 25 to 55% in the Mountain Region and from 71 to 97% in the Plains Region. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894165","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Johnson, D., 1989, Estimates of mean monthly streamflow for selected sites in the Musselshell River basin, Montana, base period water years 1937-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4165, iv, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894165.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57907,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcaa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, D.R.","contributorId":92711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13776,"text":"ofr89169 - 1989 - U.S. Geological Survey - Missouri Geological Survey symposium; mineral-resource potential of the Midcontinent; program and abstracts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13776,"text":"ofr89169 - 1989 - U.S. Geological Survey - Missouri Geological Survey symposium; mineral-resource potential of the Midcontinent; program and abstracts","indexId":"ofr89169","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey - Missouri Geological Survey symposium; mineral-resource potential of the Midcontinent; program and abstracts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4426,"text":"cir1043 - 1990 - U.S. Geological Survey-Missouri Geological Survey symposium; Mineral-resource potential of the Midcontinent; program and abstracts, St. Louis, Missouri, April 11-12, 1989","indexId":"cir1043","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey-Missouri Geological Survey symposium; Mineral-resource potential of the Midcontinent; program and abstracts, St. Louis, Missouri, April 11-12, 1989"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4426,"text":"cir1043 - 1990 - U.S. Geological Survey-Missouri Geological Survey symposium; Mineral-resource potential of the Midcontinent; program and abstracts, St. Louis, Missouri, April 11-12, 1989","indexId":"cir1043","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey-Missouri Geological Survey symposium; Mineral-resource potential of the Midcontinent; program and abstracts, St. Louis, Missouri, April 11-12, 1989"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-26T13:13:49","indexId":"ofr89169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-169","title":"U.S. Geological Survey - Missouri Geological Survey symposium; mineral-resource potential of the Midcontinent; program and abstracts","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89169","usgsCitation":"Goldhaber, M.B., 1989, U.S. Geological Survey - Missouri Geological Survey symposium; mineral-resource potential of the Midcontinent; program and abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-169, viii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89169.","productDescription":"viii, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0169/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369667,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Midcontinent","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 30.259067203213018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998b9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pratt, Walden P.","contributorId":88342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Walden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749338,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":168364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12836,"text":"ofr89475 - 1989 - Spectrographic analyses of insoluble-residue samples, Joplin 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, Kansas and Missouri; drill hole Nos. 56, 57, and 58","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:50","indexId":"ofr89475","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-475","title":"Spectrographic analyses of insoluble-residue samples, Joplin 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, Kansas and Missouri; drill hole Nos. 56, 57, and 58","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89475","usgsCitation":"Bullock, J.H., and Whitney, H.A., 1989, Spectrographic analyses of insoluble-residue samples, Joplin 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, Kansas and Missouri; drill hole Nos. 56, 57, and 58: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-475, 17 p. :ill. ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89475.","productDescription":"17 p. :ill. ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0475/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41263,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0475/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullock, J. H. Jr.","contributorId":55012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, H. A.","contributorId":91115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31101,"text":"ofr89170 - 1989 - Analytical results of vein, rock, stream-sediment, angrove-sediment, sinter, and heavy-mineral concentrate samples from Yap and Truk, Federated States of Micronesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T22:18:22.889246","indexId":"ofr89170","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-170","title":"Analytical results of vein, rock, stream-sediment, angrove-sediment, sinter, and heavy-mineral concentrate samples from Yap and Truk, Federated States of Micronesia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89170","usgsCitation":"McHugh, J., Hopkins, R., O’Leary, R.M., Miller, W.R., and Rytuba, J.J., 1989, Analytical results of vein, rock, stream-sediment, angrove-sediment, sinter, and heavy-mineral concentrate samples from Yap and Truk, Federated States of Micronesia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-170, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89170.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59678,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0170/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0170/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":395004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44951.htm","text":"Yap Islands","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466177,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44952.htm","text":"Truk Islands","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Federated States of Micronesia","otherGeospatial":"Truk, Yap","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 138.081,\n 9.5\n ],\n [\n 138.203,\n 9.5\n ],\n [\n 138.203,\n 9.6\n ],\n [\n 138.081,\n 9.6\n ],\n [\n 138.081,\n 9.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 151.7,\n 7.464\n ],\n [\n 151.7,\n 7.367\n ],\n [\n 151.9,\n 7.367\n ],\n [\n 151.9,\n 7.464\n ],\n [\n 151.7,\n 7.464\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c522","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, R.T.","contributorId":80264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Leary, R. M.","contributorId":44894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":38405,"text":"pp1472 - 1989 - Triassic-Jurassic stratigraphy of the Culpeper and Barboursville basins, Virginia and Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-20T06:45:43","indexId":"pp1472","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1472","title":"Triassic-Jurassic stratigraphy of the Culpeper and Barboursville basins, Virginia and Maryland","docAbstract":"The presence of Late Triassic and Early Jurassic spores and pollen throughout an exposed stratigraphic section has enabled the systematic palynofloral zonation of the entire Culpeper Group, supported in places by characteristic fish zones. Strata of the Culpeper Group range in age from the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic. The distribution of strata in the Culpeper Group is explained by accumulation of clastic sediments in a closed basin flanked by fault-block mountains that were episodically uplifted and eroded. Deposition within the basin was controlled by subsidence accompanying extensional tectonics during a dominantly semiarid climate punctuated by periods of abundant precipitation. During the late stages of Jurassic deposition of the Culpeper Group, tholeiitic diabase stocks, sills, and dikes (about 195 Ma) extensively intruded the sedimentary rocks and basalt flows and thermally metamorphosed them. The strata in the Culpeper and Barboursville basins were regionally tilted to the west, particularly along the western border faults, which produced steep dips, drag folds, gravity slumping, and slippage along bedding planes; broad, gently southwest plunging folds, and en echelon and strike-slip faults along the western basin margin; and folds and transverse faults within the basins. -from Authors
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