{"pageNumber":"4118","pageRowStart":"102925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184918,"records":[{"id":70113703,"text":"70113703 - 1993 - Compositing multitemporal remote sensing data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T10:38:28","indexId":"70113703","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T10:28:59","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositing multitemporal remote sensing data sets","docAbstract":"<p>To eliminate cloud and atmosphere-affected pixels, the compositing of multi temporal remote sensing data sets is done by selecting the maximum vale of the normalized different vegetation index (NDVI) within a compositing period.  The NDVI classifier, however, is strongly affected by surface type and anisotropic properties, sensor viewing geometries, and atmospheric conditions.  Consequently, the composited, multi temporal, remote sensing data contain substantial noise from these external conditions.  Consequently, the composited, multi temporal, remote sensing data contain substantial noise from these external effects.  To improve the accuracy of compositing products, two key approaches can be taken: one is to refine the compositing classifier (NDVI) and the other is to improve existing compositing algorithms.  In this project, an alternative classifier was developed and an alternative pixel selection criterion was proposed for compositing.  The new classifier and the alternative compositing algorithm were applied to an advanced very high resolution radiometer data set of different biome types in the United States.  The results were compared with the maximum value compositing and the best index slope extraction algorithms.  The new approaches greatly reduced the high frequency noises related to the external factors and repainted more reliable data.  The results suggest that the geometric-optical canopy properties of specific biomes may be needed in compositing.  Limitations of the new approaches include the dependency of pixel selection on the length of the composite period and data discontinuity.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Qi, J., Huete, A., Hood, J., and Kerr, Y., 1993, Compositing multitemporal remote sensing data sets: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 206-213.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae765ae4b0abf75cf2bf41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, J.","contributorId":48718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huete, A.R.","contributorId":54401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hood, J.","contributorId":62143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kerr, Y.","contributorId":51494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerr","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70113701,"text":"70113701 - 1993 - Identifying high production, low production and degraded rangelands in Senegal with normalized difference vegetation index data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T10:20:08","indexId":"70113701","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T10:12:14","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying high production, low production and degraded rangelands in Senegal with normalized difference vegetation index data","docAbstract":"<p>Seasonal herbaceous vegetation production on Senegal's native rangelands exhibits high spatial and temporal variability. This variability can be monitored using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data computed from 1-km resolution Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) image data.  Although annual fluctuations in rainfall account for some of the variability, numerous long-term production patterns are evident in the AVHRR time-series data.  Different n productivity reflect variations in the region's climate, topography, soils, and land use.  Areas of overgrazing and intensive cultivation have caused long-term soil and vegetation degradation.  Rangelands of high and low productivity, and degraded rangelands were identified using NDVI.  Time-series image data from 1987 though 1992 were used to map relative rangeland productivity.  The results were compared to detailed resource maps on soils, vegetation and land use.  Much of the variation in rangeland productivity correlated well to the known distribution of resources.  The study developed an approach that identified a number of areas of degraded soils and low vegetation production.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Tappan, G.G., Wood, L., and Moore, D.G., 1993, Identifying high production, low production and degraded rangelands in Senegal with normalized difference vegetation index data: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 176-184.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Senegal","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -17.53,12.31 ], [ -17.53,16.69 ], [ -11.35,16.69 ], [ -11.35,12.31 ], [ -17.53,12.31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7746e4b0abf75cf2c0d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tappan, G. Gray 0000-0002-2240-6963 tappan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":3624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"G.","email":"tappan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Gray","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Lynette","contributorId":8767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Lynette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Donald G.","contributorId":41146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70113700,"text":"70113700 - 1993 - Identification of requirements and sources for global digital topographic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T09:41:57","indexId":"70113700","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T09:37:05","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of requirements and sources for global digital topographic data","docAbstract":"<p>Many of the physical processes being studied by global change researchers are affects by land surface topography and consequently topographic data are an important requirement for these investigations.  Remotely sensed data, especially those that will be collected by the instruments of the Earth Observing System, require significant correction to remove topographic effects.  Although some requirements are met by existing topographic data, there are serious data shortages that will affect global change science.  The interdisciplinary and multi temporal natural of global change research requires that remotely sensed data be processed using a consistent, highly accurate global topographic database so that information extracted from these data for different areas and times can be compared quantitively.  Cartographic and remote sensing sources for the generation of new topographic data exist or are planned and will be helpful for fulfilling these requirements.  More consistent use of accuracy statement terminology by data users and producers is necessary to better compare the requirements with existing or future data sets.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D.B., 1993, Identification of requirements and sources for global digital topographic data: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 35-44.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7746e4b0abf75cf2c0d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70128719,"text":"70128719 - 1993 - Macrohabitat of Sonora Chub (<i>Gila ditaenia</i>) in Sycamore Creek, Santa Cruz County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T10:33:47","indexId":"70128719","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-22T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macrohabitat of Sonora Chub (<i>Gila ditaenia</i>) in Sycamore Creek, Santa Cruz County, Arizona","docAbstract":"Physical characteristics and persistence of macrohabitat used by different life stages of Sonora chub (<i>Gila ditaenia</i>) were determined by repeatedly measuring distinct reaches in Sycamore Creek, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, in 1990 and 1991. At the beginning of summer drought, habitats occupied by adult Sonora chub were deeper and larger than areas with only immature fish and unoccupied areas. The medians of maximum depth were 47.0 cm (1990) and 39.7 cm (1991) for habitats with adults, 21.3 cm (1990) and 22.9 cm (1991) for habitats with only immature fish, and 14.6 cm (1990) and 19.7 cm (1991) for unoccupied areas. At the end of summer drought, adults occupied habitats that were deeper and larger, and the percent decrease in area and depth was less than areas containing only immature fish or no fish. The medians of percent decrease in maximum depth were 13% (1990) and 21% (1991) for habitats with adults, 48% (1990) and 41% (1991) for habitats with only immature fish, and 42% (1990) and 33% (1991) for unoccupied areas. By the end of summer drought, habitats with only immature fish were not physically different from unoccupied areas. Loss of total surface area was highest in reaches that contained only immature fish or no fish (range = 36% to 94%). Most Sonora chub lost from evaporating surface waters were immature fish. Ephemeral and unoccupied areas had higher percentages of floating cover and coarser substrates than persistent, occupied areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oikos Publishers","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1993.9664866","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, J., and Maughan, O., 1993, Macrohabitat of Sonora Chub (<i>Gila ditaenia</i>) in Sycamore Creek, Santa Cruz County, Arizona: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 265-278, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1993.9664866.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295258,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295257,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1993.9664866"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizon","county":"Santa Cruz County","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b2be4b0fd76af69cf1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Jeanette","contributorId":47710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Jeanette","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maughan, O. Eugene","contributorId":26641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maughan","given":"O. Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70113716,"text":"70113716 - 1993 - The U.S. Geological Survey side-looking airborne radar database: an aid to the interpretation of space images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T12:11:21","indexId":"70113716","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-14T12:05:24","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey side-looking airborne radar database: an aid to the interpretation of space images","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a database of side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) images of a significant part of the continental United States.  These images provide a regional view of terrains and should be an aid to better understanding image data of satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and other systems.  The USGS has been systematically collecting SLAR since 1980, initially in analog form, then in both analog and digital format since 1984.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Kover, A.N., and Schoonmaker, J.W., 1993, The U.S. Geological Survey side-looking airborne radar database: an aid to the interpretation of space images: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 523-524.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"524","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7862e4b0abf75cf2d3a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kover, Allan N.","contributorId":90809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kover","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoonmaker, James W. Jr.","contributorId":92437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoonmaker","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200571,"text":"70200571 - 1993 - Evolution of the caldera‐forming eruption at Crater Lake, Oregon, indicated by component analysis of lithic fragments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T11:59:19","indexId":"70200571","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-10T11:58:48","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of the caldera‐forming eruption at Crater Lake, Oregon, indicated by component analysis of lithic fragments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Crater Lake caldera (8 × 10 km), formed 6845 years B. P. (</span><sup>14</sup><span>C age) during the climactic eruption of the volcanic edifice known as Mount Mazama, is intermediate in size between small calderas associated with central vent eruptions and large calderas that have ring fracture vent systems. Our quantitative study of lithic fragments in the ejecta confirms the existing model of changes in vent configuration during the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama. Initial activity was from a single vent that produced a rhyodacite pumice fall from a Plinian column. Altered preexisting volcanic rocks are the predominant lithic type in the Plinian deposit, and their extensive hydrothermal alteration is considered as evidence of their relatively deep origin. The Wineglass Welded Tuff lies atop the Plinian deposit and contains a higher proportion of fresh volcanic rocks, suggesting enlargement of the single vent by slumping of its walls. This same vent enlargement caused the Plinian eruption column to collapse and feed valley‐hugging pyroclastic flows that deposited the Wineglass Welded Tuff. When enough material was erupted from the shallow magma chamber that its roof was no longer adequately supported, Mount Mazama collapsed to form the caldera, while highly energetic pyroclastic flows produced the climactic ignimbrite. A lag breccia that represents the proximal facies of the compositionally zoned climactic ignimbrite lies atop the Wineglass Welded Tuff and contains predominantly altered volcanic rocks of deeper origin, accompanied by minor granitoids from the magma chamber walls. Azimuthal differences in lithic component proportions in the lag breccia correlate well with the geology of the caldera walls, indicating that the climactic ignimbrite was ejected by multiple vents along a ring fracture system. Systematic lithic component changes within the lag breccia suggest different quarrying levels that reflect waxing and waning of the discharge rate during the caldera collapse phase of the climactic eruption. Our lithic component analysis demonstrates that calderas that may be too small to experience structural resurgence, such as Crater Lake, nevertheless may form by syneruptive subsidence along ring fractures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93JB00934","usgsCitation":"Suzuki-Kamata, K., Kamata, H., and Bacon, C.R., 1993, Evolution of the caldera‐forming eruption at Crater Lake, Oregon, indicated by component analysis of lithic fragments: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 98, no. B8, p. 14059-14074, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB00934.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"14059","endPage":"14074","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"98","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a1de4b034bf6a8194ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suzuki-Kamata, K.","contributorId":35480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suzuki-Kamata","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kamata, H.","contributorId":100130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamata","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017396,"text":"70017396 - 1993 - Factors affecting the geochemistry of a thick, subbituminous coal bed in the Powder River Basin: Volcanic, detrital, and peat-forming processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-13T16:35:55.671481","indexId":"70017396","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting the geochemistry of a thick, subbituminous coal bed in the Powder River Basin: Volcanic, detrital, and peat-forming processes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The inorganic geochemistry and mineralogy of three cores from the Anderson-Dietz 1 coal bed, a 15.2-m-thick subbituminous coal bed in the Tongue River Member (Paleocene) of the Fort Union Formation, were examined (1) to determine if the cores could be correlated by geochemical composition alone over a total distance of 2 km and (2) to identify the major factors that influenced the geochemistry of the coal bed. Chemical data (46 elements on a coal-ash basis) for 81 coal samples and 4 carbonaceous rock samples, with most samples representing a 0.6-m-thick (2-ft) interval of core, were grouped into compositional clusters by means of cluster analysis. Seven major clusters were produced; two of these clusters can be used to correlate the coal bed throughout the study area. Data from scanning electron and optical microscope analyses indicate that several factors influenced the geochemistry of the Anderson-Dietz 1 coal bed. The majority of mineral grains in the coal bed are interpreted to be detrital (water borne); evidence includes the presence of rounded to subrounded quartz grains having two-phase, aqueous fluid inclusions characteristic of hydrothermal or low-to-moderate grade metamorphic quartz. These quartz grains are found throughout the coal bed but are most abundant in samples from the midpart of the bed, which was influenced by detrital input associated with the deposition of the clastic rocks that form the split between the Anderson and Dietz 1 coal beds 900 m to the east of the study area. In addition to the detrital minerals mentioned above, volcanic ash that was fluvially transported to the sites of peat deposition or possibly deposited as air-fall volcanic ash also affected the geochemistry of the coal bed. For example, crandallite(?), a mineral reported to form as an alteration product of volcanic ash, is found in seven samples from the coal bed. The presence of quartz grains containing silicate-melt inclusions in eight samples from the coal bed.provides further support for a volcanic ash component. Other factors that probably affected the geochemistry of the coal bed include (1) detrital input associated with the deposition of the roof rocks of the coal bed, (2) peat-forming processes and plant material, and (3) epigenetic ground-water flow.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(93)90067-L","usgsCitation":"Crowley, S.S., Ruppert, L., Belkin, H.E., Stanton, R., and Moore, T., 1993, Factors affecting the geochemistry of a thick, subbituminous coal bed in the Powder River Basin: Volcanic, detrital, and peat-forming processes: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 6, p. 843-853, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(93)90067-L.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"843","endPage":"853","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.18328120738457,\n              45.184712018144495\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.18328120738457,\n              44.80397957213873\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.13642425027534,\n              44.80397957213873\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.13642425027534,\n              45.184712018144495\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.18328120738457,\n              45.184712018144495\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0eabe4b0c8380cd53577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowley, Sharon S.","contributorId":78325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":118763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, T.A.","contributorId":91101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017427,"text":"70017427 - 1993 - Rock-eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance trends in the Cleveland Shale Member of the Ohio Shale, eastern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-13T16:10:58.715426","indexId":"70017427","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rock-eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance trends in the Cleveland Shale Member of the Ohio Shale, eastern Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p><span>Within eastern Kentucky, organic petrographic and geochemical data indicate a southeastwards increase in maturation of the Cleveland Shale Member of the Ohio Shale (Devonian-Mississippian). Reflectance levels of dispersed organic material in the Cleveland Shale increase from 0.5% in the outcrop belt in central Kentucky, to slightly over 1.0% in Pike County, eastern Kentucky. A decrease in fluorescence intensity of liptinitic components, such as&nbsp;</span><i>Tasmanites</i><span>, accompanies this reflectance increase, as does a shift in fluorescence color of the alginite towards the red. In the highest rank areas, fluorescence is almost absent. Groundmass fluorescence is observed also, and follows trends similar to those shown by the alginite.</span></p><p><span>Kerogen in the Cleveland Shale is primarily Type II, as indicated by petrographic observations and Rock-Eval data. Total organic carbon contents of this shale decrease from over 12% in the outcrop belt, to less than 2% in the eastern-most part of the study area. Source rock potential ranges from good to very good, with the highest potentials occurring in the outcrop belt.&nbsp;<i>T</i><sub>max</sub>&nbsp;values for this unit increase from under 430°C in the outcrop belt to over 450°C in the southeast, confirming the increase in maturation trends indicated by vitrinite reflectance data.</span></p><p><span>Both petrographic and geochemical maturation parameters place the Cleveland Shale of eastern Kentucky within the oil window. Comparison with maturation data for Pennsylvanian-age coals upsection suggests that maturation indices are retarded, or suppressed, in the Devonian shales. The level of maturation indicated for the Cleveland may be problematical considering that the Ohio Shale is a major gas-producer in this area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(93)90058-J","usgsCitation":"Rimmer, S.M., Cantrell, D., and Gooding, P., 1993, Rock-eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance trends in the Cleveland Shale Member of the Ohio Shale, eastern Kentucky: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 6, p. 735-745, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(93)90058-J.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"735","endPage":"745","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"eastern Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.45589569619659,\n              39.05613296663111\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.45589569619659,\n              36.585292266153374\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.17531644388323,\n              36.6085497808004\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.06585531164238,\n              37.415766136634026\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.42075192240021,\n              38.03883851836075\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.89289019863669,\n              38.74868039343522\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.74465790803904,\n              38.81618867311012\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.45589569619659,\n              39.05613296663111\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae07e4b0c8380cd86ff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rimmer, Susan M.","contributorId":197806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rimmer","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cantrell, D.J.","contributorId":8630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantrell","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gooding, P.J.","contributorId":6608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooding","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017362,"text":"70017362 - 1993 - An empirical determination of the minimum number of measurements needed to estimate the mean random vitrinite reflectance of disseminated organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-13T21:19:17.397632","indexId":"70017362","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical determination of the minimum number of measurements needed to estimate the mean random vitrinite reflectance of disseminated organic matter","docAbstract":"<p><span>In coal samples, published recommendations based on statistical methods suggest 100 measurements are needed to estimate the mean random vitrinite reflectance (</span><i>R</i><sub>v−r</sub><span>) to within ±2%. Our survey of published thermal maturation studies indicates that those using dispersed organic matter (DOM) mostly have an objective of acquiring 50 reflectance measurements. This smaller objective size in DOM versus that for coal samples poses a statistical contradiction because the standard deviations of DOM reflectance distributions are typically larger indicating a greater sample size is needed to accurately estimate&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub>v−r</sub><span>&nbsp;in DOM. However, in studies of thermal maturation using DOM, even 50 measurements can be an unrealistic requirement given the small amount of vitrinite often found in such samples. Furthermore, there is generally a reduced need for assuring precision like that needed for coal applications. Therefore, a key question in thermal maturation studies using DOM is how many measurements of&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub>v−r</sub><span>&nbsp;are needed to adequately estimate the mean. Our empirical approach to this problem is to compute the reflectance distribution statistics: mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis in increments of 10 measurements. This study compares these intermediate computations of&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub>v−r</sub><span>&nbsp;statistics with a final one computed using all measurements for that sample. Vitrinite reflectance was measured on mudstone and sandstone samples taken from borehole M-25 in the Cerro Prieto, Mexico geothermal system which was selected because the rocks have a wide range of thermal maturation and a comparable humic DOM with depth. The results of this study suggest that after only 20–30 measurements the mean&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub>v−r</sub><span>&nbsp;is generally known to within 5% and always to within 12% of the mean&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub>v−r</sub><span>&nbsp;calculated using all of the measured particles. Thus, even in the worst case, the precision after measuring only 20–30 particles is in good agreement with the general precision of one decimal place recommended for mean&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub>v−r</sub><span>&nbsp;measurements on DOM. The coefficient of variation (</span><i>V</i><span>&nbsp;= standard deviation/mean) is proposed as a statistic to indicate the reliability of the mean&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sub>v−r</sub><span>&nbsp;estimates made at&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;⪡ 20. This preliminary study suggests a&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.1 indicates a reliable mean and a&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><span>&nbsp;&gt; 0.2 suggests an unreliable mean in such small samples.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(93)90050-L","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., and Pawlewicz, M.J., 1993, An empirical determination of the minimum number of measurements needed to estimate the mean random vitrinite reflectance of disseminated organic matter: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 6, p. 643-651, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(93)90050-L.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"651","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea35e4b0c8380cd486e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark J. pawlewicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"pawlewicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70128519,"text":"70128519 - 1993 - Wildlife economics of the Conservation Reserve Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T10:48:15","indexId":"70128519","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-05T10:45:05","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Wildlife economics of the Conservation Reserve Program","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Will There be a Lasting Conservation Legacy? Proceedings of the Midcontinent CRP Conference","conferenceTitle":"Will There be a Lasting Conservation Legacy?","conferenceDate":"1993-08-04T00:00:00","language":"English","publisher":"Kansas Wildlife and Parks","publisherLocation":"Manhatten, KS","usgsCitation":"Ekstrand, E., 1993, Wildlife economics of the Conservation Reserve Program, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3e0e4b08a816ca636b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ekstrand, Earl","contributorId":21094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekstrand","given":"Earl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209796,"text":"70209796 - 1993 - Precise U‐Pb ages of Duluth Complex and related mafic intrusions, northeastern Minnesota: Geochronological insights to physical, petrogenetic, paleomagnetic, and tectonomagmatic processes associated with the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T15:13:21.808158","indexId":"70209796","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-03T10:06:06","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precise U‐Pb ages of Duluth Complex and related mafic intrusions, northeastern Minnesota: Geochronological insights to physical, petrogenetic, paleomagnetic, and tectonomagmatic processes associated with the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift System","docAbstract":"<p><span>Precise resolution of the timing of igneous activity is crucial to understanding the dynamic processes associated with continental rifting. Mafic intrusive rocks constitute a major portion of the exposed 1100 Ma (Keweenawan) Midcontinent Rift system in northeastern Minnesota; however, prior to this study, geochronological data were insufficient to allow rigorous interpretation of intrusive histories and their relationships to extrusive suites. Eight anorthositic and gabbroic intrusives were chosen to represent both the temporal and spatial ranges of plutonic activity that formed the Duluth Complex and related mafic intrusions. U‐Pb isotopic analyses from zircons and baddeleyites result in U‐Pb concordant ages with little or no ambiguity introduced by inherited components, Pb loss or common Pb. The earliest Keweenawan plutonism exposed in Minnesota occurs along the northeastern flank of the Duluth Complex as a series of layered gabbros (Nathan's layered series) emplaced at 1106.9 ± 0.6 Ma. This sequence of gabbro sheets shares temporal, spatial, and compositional similarities with the nearby Logan sills in Ontario. Four Duluth Complex anorthositic and troctolitic series samples from widely separated areas have unresolvable ages between 1099.3 ± 0.3 and 1098.6 ± 0.5 Ma, indicating a very short duration for peak intrusive activity (0.5–1 m.y.). The unresolvable ages between anorthositic and troctolitic plutons suggest that these two magma series are more closely related than previously modeled and argue strongly for the need to reexamine their fundamental petrogenetic relationships. These dates also imply that the major reverse‐to‐normal magnetic polarity switch, used throughout the rift system as an important correlation tool, occurred prior to 1099 Ma. This date is several million years earlier than previously suspected and emphasizes the need for further paleomagnetic and geochronological data from the overlying volcanics. Much of the hypabyssal intrusive suite within the volcanic pile overlying Duluth Complex plutons may be significantly younger than the main pulse of plutonic activity. Two hypabyssal bodies, the Sonju Lake intrusion and gabbro at Silver Bay, were emplaced at 1096.1 ± 0.8 Ma and 1095.8 ± 1.2 Ma, respectively. Dates reported here and in previous studies support the concept of episodic tectonomagmatic rift development where magmatism was apparently concentrated in episodes of short duration (&lt;1–3 m.y.) interspersed with longer hiatuses (2–8 m.y.).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93JB01159","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., and Miller, J., 1993, Precise U‐Pb ages of Duluth Complex and related mafic intrusions, northeastern Minnesota: Geochronological insights to physical, petrogenetic, paleomagnetic, and tectonomagmatic processes associated with the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift System: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 98, no. B8, p. 13997-14013, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB01159.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"13997","endPage":"14013","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Ontario, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.5048828125,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.17724609375,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.17724609375,\n              50.387507803003146\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5048828125,\n              50.387507803003146\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5048828125,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, James D. Jr.","contributorId":224391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"James D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70127918,"text":"70127918 - 1993 - Monitoring and research at Walnut Creek National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T13:55:52","indexId":"70127918","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T13:41:11","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Monitoring and research at Walnut Creek National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"<p>Walnut Creek National Wildlife Refuge-Prairie Learning Center (Walnut Creek or the Refuge) is one of the newest additions to the National Wildlife Refuge System, which consists of over 480 units throughout the United States operated by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service (the Service).  Located about 20 miles east of Des Moines, Iowa, the Refuge has an approved acquisition boundary containing 8,654 acres (Figure 1).  Acquisition is from willing sellers only, and to date the Service has purchased approximately 5,000 acres.  The acquisition boundary encompasses about 43% of the watershed of Walnut Creek, which bisects the Refuge and drains into the Des Moines River to the southeast.  Approximately 25%-30% of the Walnut Creek watershed is downstream of the Refuge.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>As authorized by Congress in 1990, the purposes of the Refuge are to (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1992):</p>\n<br/>\n<p>• restore native tallgrass pairie, wetland, and woodland habitats for breeding and migratory waterfowl and resident wildlife;</p>\n<br/>\n<p>• serve as a major environmental education center providing opportunities for study;</p>\n<br/>\n<p>• provide outdoor recreation benefits to the public; and</p>\n<br/>\n<p>• provide assistance to local landowners to improve their lands for wildlife habitat.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>To implement these purposes authorized by Congress, the Refuge has established the goal of recreating as nearly as possible the natural communities that existed at the time of settlement by Euro-Americans (circa 1840).  Current land use is largely agricultural, including 69% cropland, 17% grazed pasture, and 7.5% grassland (dominantly brome) enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program).  About 1,395 acres of relict native communities also exist on the Refuge, including prairie (725 acres), oak savanna and woodland (450 acres), and riparian or wetland areas (220 acres).  Some of these relicts are highly restorable; others contain only a few prairie plants in a matrix of brome and will be more difficult to restore.  When the process of restoration (management and enhancement of existing remnant communities) and reconstruction (reestablishment of native communities on agricultural sites) is completed, it is anticipated that the Refuge will consist of approximately 5,900 acres of prairie, 2,000 acres of oak savanna or woodland, and 750 acres of wetland and riparian communities.  Ecological restoration and reconstruction at this scale in the tallgrass prairie ecosystem is unprecedented in the United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., and Hamilton, D.B., 1993, Monitoring and research at Walnut Creek National Wildlife Refuge, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e6970e4b092f17df5a957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186619,"text":"70186619 - 1993 - Latest Paleocene lithologic and biotic events in neritic deposits of southwestern New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T11:07:03","indexId":"70186619","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latest Paleocene lithologic and biotic events in neritic deposits of southwestern New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the southwestern New Jersey Coastal Plain, four drill holes contain continuous neritic sedimentation across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary (calcareous nannofossil Zone NP 9/NP 10 boundary). Significant lithologic and biotic changes occur in these strata near the top of the Paleocene. Global warming, increased precipitation, and other oceanographic and climatic events that have been recognized in high-latitude, deep-oceanic deposits of the latest Paleocene also influenced mid-latitude, shallow-marine, and terrestrial environments of the western North Atlantic. The diverse, well-preserved calcareous nannofossil flora that is present throughout the entire New Jersey boundary section accurately places these events within the uppermost part of the upper Paleocene Zone NP 9. Several rapid but gradational changes occur within a 1.1-m interval near the top of Zone NP 9. The changes include (1) a change in lithology from glauconitic quartz sand to clay, (2) a change in clay mineral suites from illite/smectite-dominated to kaolinite-dominated, (3) a change in benthic foraminiferal assemblages to a lower diversity fauna suggestive of low-oxygen environments, (4) a significant increase in planktonic foraminiferal abundance, and (5) an increased species turnover rate in marine calcareous nannofossils. Pollen was sparse in the New Jersey drill holes, but terrestrial sporomorph species in Virginia exhibit increased turnover rates at a correlative level. Foraminiferal assemblages and lithology indicate that relative sea level rose in New Jersey at the same time as these late Paleocene events occurred in late Biochron NP 9. The higher sea levels influenced sediment type and absolute abundance of planktonic foraminifers in the deposits. Above the initial increase of kaolinite in the upper part of Zone NP 9, the kaolinite percentage continues to increase, and the maximum kaolinite value occurs in the uppermost part of Zone NP 9. There are few changes in either the sediments or the biota precisely at the Zone NP 9/NP 10 boundary in New Jersey. The clay-rich deposits with a high kaolinite clay mineral suite, the lowered diversity benthic foraminiferal assemblages, the abundant planktonic foraminiferal specimens, and the calcareous nannofossil assemblages continued essentially unchanged into the earliest Eocene Zone NP 10. Within the lower part of Zone NP 10, the kaolinite percentage decreased to very low values.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/93PA01367","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., Bybell, L.M., and Owens, J., 1993, Latest Paleocene lithologic and biotic events in neritic deposits of southwestern New Jersey: Paleoceanography, v. 8, no. 4, p. 495-514, https://doi.org/10.1029/93PA01367.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"495","endPage":"514","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75407e4b09da6799c0c92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owens, James P.","contributorId":9691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185748,"text":"70185748 - 1993 - Degradation of trichloroethylene by Pseudomonas cepacia G4 and the constitutive mutant strain G4 5223 PR1 in aquifer microcosms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T16:10:02.416538","indexId":"70185748","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degradation of trichloroethylene by Pseudomonas cepacia G4 and the constitutive mutant strain G4 5223 PR1 in aquifer microcosms","docAbstract":"<p><span><i>Pseudomonas cepacia</i> G4 degrades trichloroethylene (TCE) via a degradation pathway for aromatic compounds which is induced by substrates such as phenol and tryptophan. <i>P. cepacia</i> G4 5223 PR1 (PR1) is a Tn5 insertion mutant which constitutively expresses the toluene <i>ortho</i>-monooxygenase responsible for TCE degradation. In groundwater microcosms, phenol-induced strain G4 and noninduced strain PR1 degraded TCE (20 and 50 μM) to nondetectable levels (&lt; 0.1 μM) within 24 h at densities of 10<sup>8</sup> cells per ml; at lower densities, degradation of TCE was not observed after 48 h. In aquifer sediment microcosms, TCE was reduced from 60 to &lt; 0.1 μM within 24 h at 5 x 10<sup>8</sup> PR1 organisms per g (wet weight) of sediment and from 60 to 26 μM over a period of 10 weeks at 5 x 10<sup>7</sup> PR1 organisms per g. Viable G4 and PR1 cells decreased from approximately 10<sup>7</sup> to 10<sup>4</sup> per g over the 10-week period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.59.8.2746-2749.1993","usgsCitation":"Krumme, M., Timmis, K., and Dwyer, D., 1993, Degradation of trichloroethylene by Pseudomonas cepacia G4 and the constitutive mutant strain G4 5223 PR1 in aquifer microcosms: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 59, no. 8, p. 2746-2749, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2746-2749.1993.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2746","endPage":"2749","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479434,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2746-2749.1993","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7638e4b0ee37af29e4e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krumme, M.L.","contributorId":79257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krumme","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Timmis, K.N.","contributorId":61190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timmis","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, D.F.","contributorId":63977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187466,"text":"70187466 - 1993 - Estimating discharge of shallow groundwater by transpiration from greasewood in the Northern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:25:40","indexId":"70187466","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating discharge of shallow groundwater by transpiration from greasewood in the Northern Great Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evapotranspiration from bare soil and phreatophytes is a principal mechanism of groundwater discharge in arid and semiarid regions of the midwestern and western United States including the Great Basin. The imbalance between independent estimates of groundwater recharge from precipitation and of groundwater discharge based on estimates of groundwater evapotranspiration leads to large uncertainties in groundwater budgets. Few studies have addressed this problem. Energy budget micrometeorological field studies were conducted in a stand of sparse-canopy greasewood growing in an area of shallow groundwater in the western Great Basin during the summer of 1989. The data were used to calculate above-canopy fluxes of sensible and latent heat using the energy budget-Bowen ratio method. The calculated energy budget fluxes were used, with soil surface and plant canopy temperature measurements, to calibrate and apply a two-component, energy-combination model that partitions the energy and heat fluxes between bare soil and the canopy. This permitted the separation of evaporation from the soil and transpiration from greasewood. The calibrated model was used to estimate daily transpiration of groundwater by greasewood growing in an area with a depth to water of about 2 m. The daily rate of groundwater discharge by transpiration during July and August was estimated to be 2.4 mm. A period of 100 days for groundwater discharge at this rate was assumed to estimate an annual discharge of groundwater of 24 cm at the study site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00930","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W., 1993, Estimating discharge of shallow groundwater by transpiration from greasewood in the Northern Great Basin: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 8, p. 2771-2778, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00930.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"2771","endPage":"2778","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590aec4be4b0fc4e4492abb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70178164,"text":"70178164 - 1993 - Chronic toxicity of Pydraul 50E to lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T11:16:24","indexId":"70178164","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronic toxicity of Pydraul 50E to lake trout","docAbstract":"<p>Industrial phosphate esters, both triaryl and alkyl aryl phosphate esters, are used as fire resistant hydraulic fluids and as fire retardant plasticizers (Lapp 1976). Hydraulic fluids probably represent the largest contribution of phosphate ester compounds released into the environment. Lapp (1976) estimated that 65 to 70 percent of all phosphate ester hydraulic fluids were utilized in automotive and steel industries. He also estimated that 80 percent of the annual consumption of hydraulic fluids in 1976 was the result of leaks in industrial hydraulic systems. These data suggest phosphate esters are likely to be constituents of industrial effluents and, consequently, could be in point source discharges. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00198894","usgsCitation":"Mayer, F.L., Woodward, D.F., and Adams, W.J., 1993, Chronic toxicity of Pydraul 50E to lake trout: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 51, no. 2, p. 289-295, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00198894.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"295","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayer, Foster L.","contributorId":114193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Foster","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, Daniel F.","contributorId":75455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, William J.","contributorId":140638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13542,"text":"Rio Tinto, Lake Point, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178165,"text":"70178165 - 1993 - Chronic toxicity of the bromoxynil formulation Buctril® to <i>Daphnia magna</i> exposed continuously and intermittently","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T11:18:53","indexId":"70178165","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronic toxicity of the bromoxynil formulation Buctril® to <i>Daphnia magna</i> exposed continuously and intermittently","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two chronic toxicity tests were conducted in which </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Daphnia magna</i><span> were either continuously or intermittently exposed to bromoxynil octanoate (BO; as Buctril</span><sup>®</sup><span>) for 28 d. In the intermittent exposure test, daphnids were exposed to daily pulses of BO with 24-h mean concentrations equal to those in the continuous exposure test, and the peak concentrations were three times the 24-h mean values. After 28 d of continuous exposure to BO, survival of daphnids was reduced at 80 μg/L, whereas mean number of young per adult, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and mean weight of adults were all reduced at ⩾40 μg/L. Intermittent exposures to daily pulses of BO for 28 d caused reduced survival of daphnids at 24-h mean concentrations ⩾40 μg/L and reduced mean number of young per adult, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and mean weight of adults at 24-h mean concentrations ⩾20 μg/L. The estimated geometric mean-maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations of BO based on 24-h mean nominal values were 28 μg/L for continuous exposures and 14 μg/L for intermittent exposures. These results demonstrated that continuous-exposure studies may not be adequate in assessing herbicide toxicity to aquatic biota when concentrations fluctuate temporally.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00212126","usgsCitation":"Buhl, K.J., Hamilton, S., and Schmulbach, J.C., 1993, Chronic toxicity of the bromoxynil formulation Buctril® to <i>Daphnia magna</i> exposed continuously and intermittently: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 25, no. 2, p. 152-159, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212126.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"159","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buhl, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9963-2352 kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352","contributorId":1396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Kevin","email":"kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmulbach, James C.","contributorId":175439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmulbach","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157531,"text":"70157531 - 1993 - Sources of pollutants in Wisconsin stormwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-16T16:32:46.596959","indexId":"70157531","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of pollutants in Wisconsin stormwater","docAbstract":"<p>Rainfall runoff samples were collected from streets, parking lots, roofs, driveways, and lawns. These five source areas are located in residential, commercial, and industrial land uses in Madison, Wisconsin. Solids, phosphorus, and heavy metals loads were determined for all the source areas using measured concentrations and runoff volumes estimated by the Source Load and Management Model. Source areas with relatively large contaminant loads were identified as critical source areas for each land use.</p>\n<p>Streets are critical source areas for most contaminants in all the land uses. Parking lots are critical in the commercial and industrial land uses. Lawns and driveways contribute large phosphorus loads in the residential land use. Roofs produce significant zinc loads in the commercial and industrial land uses.</p>\n<p>Identification of critical source areas could reduce the amount of area needing best-management practices in two areas of Madison, Wisconsin. Targeting best-management practices to 14% of the residential area and 40% of the industrial area could significantly reduce contaminant loads by up to 75%.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The International Water Association","doi":"10.2166/wst.1993.0426","issn":"0273-1223","usgsCitation":"Bannerman, R., Owens, D., Dodds, R., and Hornewer, N.J., 1993, Sources of pollutants in Wisconsin stormwater: Water Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 3-5, p. 241-259, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0426.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"259","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308594,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.49188232421875,\n              43.02974913459804\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.49188232421875,\n              43.11752534252065\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.31541442871094,\n              43.11752534252065\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.31541442871094,\n              43.02974913459804\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.49188232421875,\n              43.02974913459804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5606703de4b058f706e51961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bannerman, R.T.","contributorId":92304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bannerman","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, David W. dwowens@usgs.gov","contributorId":3745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"David W.","email":"dwowens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":676,"text":"Wisconsin Water Resource Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dodds, R.B.","contributorId":147964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodds","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornewer, Nancy J. njhornew@usgs.gov","contributorId":910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornewer","given":"Nancy","email":"njhornew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187583,"text":"70187583 - 1993 - Evaluating landsat thematic mapper derived vegetation indices for estimating above-ground biomass on semiarid rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T14:01:11","indexId":"70187583","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating landsat thematic mapper derived vegetation indices for estimating above-ground biomass on semiarid rangelands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ground data from the Central Plains Experimental Range in northeast Colorado and Landsat satellite images of that area acquired in August 1989, June 1990, and September 1990 were used to evaluate the level of association that can be expected from a univariate model relating spectrally derived vegetation indices (difference, ratio, and normalized difference vegetation indices) and dried green vegetation biomass. The vegetation indices were related to the ground sample estimates using a sample point, spectral class, and greenness strata approach. No strong relationships were found between the vegetation indices and sample estimates of dried green biomass using the sample point approach. The spectral class approach produced significant results only for the June 1990 sample period (</span><i>r</i><span>=0.96). Significant relationships were found for the August 1989, June 1990, and September 1990 samples periods (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>=0.95, 0.71, </span><i>and</i><span> 0.95, respectively) when the data were aggregated by greenness strata. The high degree of association between green biomass and the NDVI, obtained when the data were combined into greenness strata, indicated that it is possible to predict green biomass levels on semiarid rangelands using univariate regression models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(93)90040-5","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G., Hanson, J.D., and Haas, R.H., 1993, Evaluating landsat thematic mapper derived vegetation indices for estimating above-ground biomass on semiarid rangelands: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 45, no. 2, p. 165-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(93)90040-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53be4b0e541a03d4541","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, G.L.","contributorId":56430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, J. D.","contributorId":191004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, R. H.","contributorId":57456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186567,"text":"70186567 - 1993 - Oklahoma Geology Notes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T13:47:46","indexId":"70186567","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2944,"text":"Oklahoma Geology Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oklahoma Geology Notes","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Oklahoma ","usgsCitation":"University of Oklahoma , 1993, Oklahoma Geology Notes: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 53, no. 4, p. 136-143.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"136","endPage":"143","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ou.edu/ogs/publications/oklahomageologynotes.html"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60278e4b09da6799ac6bd"}
,{"id":70186215,"text":"70186215 - 1993 - Glyphidocythere, a new deep marine, paradoxostomatid (Ostracoda) from the Quaternary and recent of the Indo-Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T14:46:05","indexId":"70186215","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2391,"text":"Journal of Micropalaeontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glyphidocythere, a new deep marine, paradoxostomatid (Ostracoda) from the Quaternary and recent of the Indo-Pacific","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chapman’s (1910) </span><i>Pseudocythere funafutiensis</i><span> from 1924m off Funafuti, western Pacific is redescribed and illustrated together with additional Pleistocene and Recent material from the Coral and Tasman seas. A new paradoxostomatid genus, </span><i>Glyphidocythere,</i><span> is described to accommodate it and two other species yet to be formally described from the Banda Sea, eastern Indonesia. The genus is apparently restricted to the marine slope environment of low (less than 20°) southern latitudes. In the Coral and Tasman seas </span><i>G. funafutiensis</i><span> occurs within a narrow bathyal depth range (955m to 1754m) coincident with the Antarctic Intermediate Water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/jm.12.1.77","usgsCitation":"Ayress, M., Correge, T., and Whatley, R., 1993, Glyphidocythere, a new deep marine, paradoxostomatid (Ostracoda) from the Quaternary and recent of the Indo-Pacific: Journal of Micropalaeontology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 77-81, https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.12.1.77.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"77","endPage":"81","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.12.1.77","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6acae4b02ff32c6aea8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayress, M.A.","contributorId":190239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ayress","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Correge, T.","contributorId":190240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Correge","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whatley, R.C.","contributorId":85211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whatley","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017373,"text":"70017373 - 1993 - Trinity River Basin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T16:29:20.427601","indexId":"70017373","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trinity River Basin, Texas","docAbstract":"In 1991 the Trinity River Basin National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) will include assessments of surface-water and ground-water quality. Initial efforts have focused on identifying water-quality issues in the basin and on the environmental factors underlying those issues. Physical characteristics described include climate, geology, soils, vegetation, physiography, and hydrology. Cultural characteristics discussed include population distribution, land use and land cover, agricultural practices, water use, an reservoir operations. Major water-quality categories are identified and some of the implications of the environmental factors for water quality are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03232.x","usgsCitation":"Ulery, R.L., Van Metre, P., and Crossfield, A.S., 1993, Trinity River Basin, Texas: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 29, no. 4, p. 685-711, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03232.x.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.66260245509885,\n              29.720037604822963\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.10022240224255,\n              33.841780930882194\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.3645332127765,\n              33.70356629097907\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.08268798954084,\n              30.561979418673786\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.23635696689338,\n              30.249988323057366\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.90030560697365,\n              29.28982134580008\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.66260245509885,\n              29.720037604822963\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb860e4b08c986b327827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulery, Randy L. rlulery@usgs.gov","contributorId":4679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulery","given":"Randy","email":"rlulery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":376267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crossfield, Allison S.","contributorId":89681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crossfield","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185451,"text":"70185451 - 1993 - Role of physical heterogeneity in the interpretation of small-scale laboratory and field observations of bacteria, microbial-sized microsphere, and bromide transport through aquifer sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T07:10:34","indexId":"70185451","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of physical heterogeneity in the interpretation of small-scale laboratory and field observations of bacteria, microbial-sized microsphere, and bromide transport through aquifer sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effect of physical variability upon the relative transport behavior of microbial-sized microspheres, indigenous bacteria, and bromide was examined in field and flow-through column studies for a layered, but relatively well sorted, sandy glaciofluvial aquifer. These investigations involved repacked, sieved, and undisturbed aquifer sediments. In the field, peak abundance of labeled bacteria traveling laterally with groundwater flow 6 m downgradient from point of injection was coincident with the retarded peak of carboxylated microspheres (retardation factor, RF = 1.7) at the 8.8 m depth, but preceded the bromide peak and the retarded microsphere peak (RF = 1.5) at the 9.0 m depth. At the 9.5 m depth, the bacterial peak was coincident with both the bromide and the microsphere peaks. Although sorption appeared to be a predominant mechanism responsible for immobilization of microbial-sized microspheres in the aquifer, straining appeared to be primarily responsible for their removal in 0.6-m-long columns of repacked, unsieved aquifer sediments. The manner in which the columns were packed also affected optimal size for microsphere transport, which in one experiment was near the size of the small (∼2 μm) groundwater protozoa (flagellates). These data suggest that variability in aquifer sediment structure can be important in interpretation of both small-scale field and laboratory experiments examining microbial transport behavior.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00963","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., Kinner, N.E., MacDonald, D., Metge, D.W., and Bunn, A., 1993, Role of physical heterogeneity in the interpretation of small-scale laboratory and field observations of bacteria, microbial-sized microsphere, and bromide transport through aquifer sediments: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 8, p. 2713-2721, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00963.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"2713","endPage":"2721","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3ee4b0236b68f98f08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinner, Nancy E.","contributorId":189349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinner","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacDonald, Dan","contributorId":189656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bunn, Amoret","contributorId":189657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunn","given":"Amoret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185452,"text":"70185452 - 1993 - Effect of pH on bacteriophage transport through sandy soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T06:40:12","indexId":"70185452","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of pH on bacteriophage transport through sandy soils","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effects of pH and hydrophobicity on attachment and detachment of PRD-</span><i>1</i><span> and MS-</span><i>2</i><span> in three different sandy soils were investigated in a series of laboratory-column experiments. Concentrations of the lipid-containing phage PRD-</span><i>1</i><span> decreased 3–4 orders of magnitude during passage through the 10–15-cm-long columns. Attachment of the lipid-containing phage PRD-</span><i>1</i><span> was insensitive to pH and was apparently controlled by hydrophobic interactions in soil media. The less-hydrophobic phage MS-2 acted conservatively; it was not removed in the columns at pH's 5.7–8.0. The sticking efficiency (α) in a colloid-filtration model was between 0.1 and 1 for PRD-</span><i>1</i><span>, indicating a relatively high removal efficiency. Phage attachment was reversible, but detachment under steady-state conditions was slow. An increase in pH had a moderate effect on enhancing detachment. Still, these soils should continue to release phage to virus-free water for days to weeks following exposure to virus-containing water. In sandy soils with a mass-fraction organic carbon as low as a few hundredths of a percent, pH changes in the range 5.7–8.0 should have little effect on retention of more-hydrophobic virus (e.g., PRD-</span><i>1</i><span>), in that retardation will be dominated by hydrophobic effects. Sharp increases in pH should enhance detachment and transport of virus previously deposited on soil grains. A more hydrophilic virus (e.g., MS-</span><i>2</i><span>) will transport as a conservative tracer in low-carbon sandy soil.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(93)90041-P","usgsCitation":"Kinoshita, T., Bales, R.C., Maguire, K.M., and Gerba, C.P., 1993, Effect of pH on bacteriophage transport through sandy soils: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 14, no. 1, p. 55-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(93)90041-P.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"55","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3ee4b0236b68f98f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinoshita, Takashi","contributorId":189658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinoshita","given":"Takashi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Roger C.","contributorId":189659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bales","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maguire, Kimberley M.","contributorId":189660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maguire","given":"Kimberley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerba, Charles P.","contributorId":189661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerba","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207665,"text":"70207665 - 1993 - A multifunctional decision support GIS for coastal management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T17:47:57","indexId":"70207665","displayToPublicDate":"1993-07-31T17:42:49","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A multifunctional decision support GIS for coastal management","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal zone '93 : Proceedings of the eighth symposium on coastal and ocean management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Zone '93 : Eighth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"July 19-23, 1993","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Ji, W., Mitchell, L.C., McNiff, M., and Johnston, J.B., 1993, A multifunctional decision support GIS for coastal management, <i>in</i> Coastal zone '93 : Proceedings of the eighth symposium on coastal and ocean management, New Orleans, LA, July 19-23, 1993, p. 94-105.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"105","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Wei","contributorId":218024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ji","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, Loyd C.","contributorId":218170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Loyd","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNiff, Marcia 0000-0003-0709-6992 mmcniff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-6992","contributorId":4025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNiff","given":"Marcia","email":"mmcniff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, James B.","contributorId":78039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}