Lake Chakachamna, in view of its area, altitude, and location on a region of high precipitation and runoff, has a large potential power value. The outflow from the lake, based on limited streamflow records varies from less than 60 cfs to well over 15,000 cfs, with an annual flow in 1960 of 3196 cfs or 2,320,000 acre-feet. With this pronounced variation in flow, regulation by storage is necessary for power development. The requisite storage can be developed by drawing the lake below its natural level. For complete regulation, a drawdown of 78 feet would be required. Regulation of 90 percent of mean flow can be accomplished with a drawdown of 67 feet. Construction of a dam at or near the lake outlet is not considered feasible. The most likely site for a powerhouse appears to be in the McArthur River Valley where a mean head of as much as 1004 feet could be utilized which with a mean flow of 3196 cfs could develop 218,000 kw. The principal market for this power would be the Anchorage and vicinity area and the Kenai Peninsula.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6174","usgsCitation":"Jackson, B.L., 1961, Potential water power of Lake Chakachamna, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 61-74, ii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6174.","productDescription":"ii, 20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424641,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146605,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lake Chakachamna","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.46504003618713,\n 61.25520856033796\n ],\n [\n -153.46504003618713,\n 61.04132064729359\n ],\n [\n -152.35691037863626,\n 61.04132064729359\n ],\n [\n -152.35691037863626,\n 61.25520856033796\n ],\n [\n -153.46504003618713,\n 61.25520856033796\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db6830c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, Bruce Lawellin","contributorId":103296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawellin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14261,"text":"ofr6172 - 1961 - Preliminary report on the waterpower resources of Snow River, Nellie Juan Lake and Lost Lake, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:45","indexId":"ofr6172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"61-72","title":"Preliminary report on the waterpower resources of Snow River, Nellie Juan Lake and Lost Lake, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr6172","usgsCitation":"Indermuhle, V.C., 1961, Preliminary report on the waterpower resources of Snow River, Nellie Juan Lake and Lost Lake, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 61-72, 55 p. :maps ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6172.","productDescription":"55 p. :maps ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42941,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0072/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42942,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0072/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42943,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0072/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42944,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0072/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42945,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b68e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Indermuhle, Vernon C.","contributorId":59676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Indermuhle","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1125,"text":"wsp1539B - 1961 - Jet drilling in the Fairbanks area, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52000,"text":"ofr4960 - 1960 - Ground-water data for Fairbanks area, Alaska","indexId":"ofr4960","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water data for Fairbanks area, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1125,"text":"wsp1539B - 1961 - Jet drilling in the Fairbanks area, Alaska","indexId":"wsp1539B","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Jet drilling in the Fairbanks area, Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1539B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1539","chapter":"B","title":"Jet drilling in the Fairbanks area, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1539B","usgsCitation":"Cederstrom, D.J., and Tibbitts, G., 1961, Jet drilling in the Fairbanks area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1539, iii, 28 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1539B.","productDescription":"iii, 28 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25901,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649689","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrom, Dagfin John","contributorId":90287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrom","given":"Dagfin","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tibbitts, G. Chase","contributorId":79453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"G. Chase","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1981,"text":"wsp1610A - 1961 - Waterpower resources of the Bradley River Basin, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp1610A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1610","chapter":"A","title":"Waterpower resources of the Bradley River Basin, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1610A","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F., 1961, Waterpower resources of the Bradley River Basin, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1610, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1610A.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1610a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27364,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1610a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27363,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1610a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6f4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A.","contributorId":93863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14707,"text":"ofr6189 - 1961 - Structure and stratigraphy of the Pybus-Gambier area, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14707,"text":"ofr6189 - 1961 - Structure and stratigraphy of the Pybus-Gambier area, Alaska","indexId":"ofr6189","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Structure and stratigraphy of the Pybus-Gambier area, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":34971,"text":"b1178 - 1964 - Stratigraphy and petrography of the Pybus-Gambier area, Admiralty Island, Alaska","indexId":"b1178","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Stratigraphy and petrography of the Pybus-Gambier area, Admiralty Island, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":34971,"text":"b1178 - 1964 - Stratigraphy and petrography of the Pybus-Gambier area, Admiralty Island, Alaska","indexId":"b1178","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Stratigraphy and petrography of the Pybus-Gambier area, Admiralty Island, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T18:25:46.212153","indexId":"ofr6189","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"61-89","title":"Structure and stratigraphy of the Pybus-Gambier area, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Pybus-Gambier area comprises about 215 square miles of uninhabited land on the southeastern coast of Admiralty Island, southeastern Alaska. The section consists of more than 20,000 feet of intensely folded sedimentary, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks, all probably of marine origin, ranging in age from Silurian(?) to Early Cretaceous, unconformably overlain by more than 10,000 feet of gently dipping nonmarine, coarse-grained sedimentary rocks, and basalt and andesite flows of Eocene age. Diorite plutons and associated contact metamorphic rocks occur in the little-know northwestern part of the area.
The section here is subdivided into nine formations, eight of which are named for the first time, as follows: Gambier Bay formation of Middle(?) Devonian age, composed of greenschist, phyllite, marble, and metachert; Hood Bay formation or Silurian and Devonian age, composed of dark, carbonaceous, thin-bedded chert, argillite, limestone, and graywacke; Cannery formation of Permian age, composed of thin-bedded chert, argillite, and graywacke; Pybus dolomite of Permian age, composed of fossiliferous, cherty dolomite; Hyd formation of Late Triassic age, composed of a basal chert breccia, a limestone member, a thin-bedded argillite member, and a spilitic volcanic member; Seymour Canal formation of Late Cretaceous and Early Cretaceous age, composed of argillite, graywacke, and conglomerate; Brothers volcanic of Early Cretaceous age, composed of andesitic flows and breccia; unnamed conglomerate and sandstone of Eocene age, and Admiralty Island volcanics of Eocene age, composed of basaltic and andesitic flows.
A marked angular unconformity occurs at the base of the Tertiary section, and unconformities of less angularity occur as follows: at the base of the Cannery formation; at the base of the Hyd formation, and at the base of the Seymour Canal formation. In general, pre-Seymour Canal deformation seems to have been mild, but the intensity of the post-Gambier Bay - pre-Cannery deformation is uncertain. The complex structure of the pre-Tertiary rocks seem to be the product chiefly of the post-Seymour Canal - pre-Eocene formation.
The structure of the pre-Tertiary rocks is studied by graphical statistical analysis of the preferred orientation of the planar and linear structural elements. This analysis indicates that the post-Seymour Canal - pre-Eocene deformation consisted chiefly of three episodes of folding, all of which appear to have resulted from sub-horizontal, northeast-southwest compression. The first episode produced isoclinal folds in bedding, and in places associated axial plane foliation, that had north-northwesterly striking axial planes in eastern Pybus-Gambier area, but generally northeasterly striking axial planes west of False Point Pybus. Compression during the second episode deformed the first folds in the west where their axial planes were oriented about parallel to the compression into complex second folds in both bedding and axial plane foliation, having northwesterly striking axial planes. The second folds are absent in the east where the axial planes and limbs of the first folds were oriented about normal to the second compression. The divergence of the axial planes of the first folds in the west from those in the east may have been caused by the crowding of the first folds in the west against the irregular western margin of the geosyncline during the first compression. Northweststriking thrust and reverse faults occur between domains in which the axial planes of the first folds are strongly divergent. The third episode produced kink folds, having axial planes with subvertical dips but widely varying strikes, that are confined to the thinly fissile schists and phyllites of the Gambier Bay formation.
The episodes of folding in the Gambier Bay formation are accompanied by metamorphic recrystallization not found in either younger or possibly coeval (Hood Bay formation) pre-Tertiary rocks. If these episodes are contemporaneous with those in nonmetamorphic pre-Tertiary rocks, then the metamorphism dies out both vertically and laterally, and may be part of the regional decrease in metamorphism westward away from the Coast Range batholith, located about 25 miles to the east.
The gently dipping Tertiary strata have been broken into fault blocks by subvertical, north-and north-east striking, normal and reverse faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6189","usgsCitation":"Loney, R.A., 1961, Structure and stratigraphy of the Pybus-Gambier area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 61-89, Report: xi, 200 p.; 4 Plates: 54.77 x 27.69 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6189.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 200 p.; 4 Plates: 54.77 x 27.69 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":427678,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0089/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427677,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0089/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427676,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0089/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427675,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0089/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427674,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0089/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Pybus-Gambier area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -135.4161999804407,\n 57.800343437171534\n ],\n [\n -135.4161999804407,\n 56.87392354672548\n ],\n [\n -133.41015612007976,\n 56.87392354672548\n ],\n [\n -133.41015612007976,\n 57.800343437171534\n ],\n [\n -135.4161999804407,\n 57.800343437171534\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a371f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loney, Robert Ahlberg","contributorId":72802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Ahlberg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16463,"text":"ofr61169 - 1961 - Reconnaissance engineering geology for selection of highway route from Talkeetna to McGrath, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:18","indexId":"ofr61169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"61-169","title":"Reconnaissance engineering geology for selection of highway route from Talkeetna to McGrath, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr61169","usgsCitation":"Weber, F.R., 1961, Reconnaissance engineering geology for selection of highway route from Talkeetna to McGrath, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 61-169, [2] sheets :ill., maps., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr61169.","productDescription":"[2] sheets :ill., maps.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106315,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7999.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7999"},{"id":150263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":95387,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0169/plate-1.pdf","size":"12956","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95388,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0169/plate-2.pdf","size":"8140","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6443fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weber, Florence R.","contributorId":17621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Florence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6314,"text":"pp414C - 1961 - Some observations on the hydrochemistry and sedimentation of the Chamberlin Glacier area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:45","indexId":"pp414C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"414","chapter":"C","title":"Some observations on the hydrochemistry and sedimentation of the Chamberlin Glacier area, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp414C","usgsCitation":"Rainwater, F.H., and Guy, H., 1961, Some observations on the hydrochemistry and sedimentation of the Chamberlin Glacier area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 414, p. C1-C14, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp414C.","productDescription":"p. C1-C14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0414c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33602,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0414c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e8e4b07f02db5e8eeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rainwater, Frank Hays","contributorId":38967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainwater","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Hays","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, Harold P.","contributorId":6434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Harold P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220634,"text":"70220634 - 1961 - An aeromagnetic profile from anchorage to Nome, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:35:10.663879","indexId":"70220634","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T12:31:47","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An aeromagnetic profile from anchorage to Nome, Alaska","docAbstract":"A total-intensity profile was obtained on a 500-mile flight by a U. S. Geological Survey airplane from Anchorage to Nome, Alaska, on May 4, 1954. The average flight altitude was 6,000 ft above sea level except over the Alaska Range where the flight altitude was 9,000 ft. This profile crossed eight of the major tectonic elements of Alaska at right angles to their trend and gives valuable regional information in an area where other geophysical and geological information is scarce or lacking. The profile has a net gradient downward to the northwest, most of which is ascribed to the component of the earth's main magnetic field along the flight traverse. The great variety of magnetic anomalies which are superimposed on this gradient originate from variations in lithology along the traverse. All the magnetic anomalies, except a large one over the Yukon River, are caused by magnetic rocks at or near the surface. The magnetic profile may be divided into four major segments and nine subsegments, each having a characteristic magnetic pattern. Most of these can be related to a tectonic unit. The large plutons of the Talkeetna geanticline are clearly defined by a group of anomalies having the highest amplitudes of any on the profile. The Matanuska geosyncline to the east is represented by a 25-mile section of sloping profile consistent with a thick sedimentary section but indicating that the geosyncline is comparatively narrow near Anchorage. The 200-mile central magnetic segment is relatively free from all but very minor anomalies. This segment includes the Alaska Range geosyncline, the Tanana geanticline, and the Kuskokwim geosyncline; showing only slight magnetic contrasts between each of these elements. The two geosynclines either have thick Mesozoic sedimentary sections or have underlying crystalline rocks which are low in magnetic susceptibility at shallow depths. The rocks of the geanticline have a low but not negligible magnetic susceptibility and are predominantly Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. A single 300-gamma anomaly on the west edge of the central segment is caused by a small, mafic intrusive body in the Paleozoic metamorphic rocks of Mt. Hurst. West of this anomaly the profile consists of a series of small sharp anomalies which are probably caused by Paleozoic metavolcanic rocks of the Ruby geanticline. The second largest anomaly on the profile is in the Koyukuk geosyncline over the Yukon River. The source is calculated to be more than a mile deep and may be an intrusive body at least 15 miles wide. This anomaly is flanked by 20-mile sections of flat or sloping profile which indicate areas of thick sedimentary rocks, particularly in the region west of the Yukon River. The 150-mile Norton Sound magnetic segment on the western end of the profile consists of many closely spaced anomalies produced by rocks which are either volcanic or similar to the Seward complex. Of the four Cenozoic basins or lowlands crossed by the profile, three are underlain by rocks of moderate to high magnetic susceptibility at shallow depths. These are the Cook Inlet basin, part of which overlaps rocks of the Talkeetna geanticline, the Innoko basin of central Alaska which overlies the rocks of the Ruby geanticline, and the Norton basin, in which sedimentary deposits are thin or absent. The fourth, the Minchumina basin, is underlain by the low-susceptibility rocks at the Tanana geanticline, which are also probably close to the surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1438945","usgsCitation":"King, E.R., 1961, An aeromagnetic profile from anchorage to Nome, Alaska: Geophysics, v. 26, no. 6, p. 716-726, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438945.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"716","endPage":"726","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Nome","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.46484375,\n 63.97596090918338\n ],\n [\n -163.740234375,\n 63.97596090918338\n ],\n [\n -163.740234375,\n 65.10914820386473\n ],\n [\n -166.46484375,\n 65.10914820386473\n ],\n [\n -166.46484375,\n 63.97596090918338\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, E. R.","contributorId":93482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220626,"text":"70220626 - 1961 - Subaerially carved Arctic seavalley under a modern epicontinental sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T16:05:08.216125","indexId":"70220626","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T10:54:49","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subaerially carved Arctic seavalley under a modern epicontinental sea","docAbstract":"A shallow seavalley, averaging 6 feet in relief, extends from the mouth of Ogotoruk Creek, northwest Alaska, for 15 miles across the floor of the Chukchi Sea to a depth of 135 feet. The seavalley is considered to be a drowned subaerial valley of Pleistocene age, which was excavated on an eustatically emerged epicontinental shelf during periods of glacially depressed sea level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1433:SCASUA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D., and Sainsbury, C., 1961, Subaerially carved Arctic seavalley under a modern epicontinental sea: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1433-1436, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1433:SCASUA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1433","endPage":"1436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, David 0000-0001-6500-6962","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":204785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sainsbury, C.L.","contributorId":99968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sainsbury","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220636,"text":"70220636 - 1961 - Origin of a salt-water lens in permafrost at Kotzebue, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:51:04.819618","indexId":"70220636","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-01T12:44:15","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of a salt-water lens in permafrost at Kotzebue, Alaska","docAbstract":"Frozen sediments were found to a depth of 238 feet in the drilling of a 325-foot well at Kotzebue, Alaska. Between 79 and 86 feet, however, highly saline water was found in a gravel lens. The writer suggests that the salt water originated by fractionation by freezing. Analyses of this water and of slightly saline water from below the permafrost are given.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1427:OOASLI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cedarstrom, D., 1961, Origin of a salt-water lens in permafrost at Kotzebue, Alaska: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1427-1431, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1427:OOASLI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1427","endPage":"1431","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Kotzebue","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.4765625,\n 66.65297740055279\n ],\n [\n -161.630859375,\n 66.65297740055279\n ],\n [\n -161.630859375,\n 67.33986082559095\n ],\n [\n -163.4765625,\n 67.33986082559095\n ],\n [\n -163.4765625,\n 66.65297740055279\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cedarstrom, D.J.","contributorId":102127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cedarstrom","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220633,"text":"70220633 - 1961 - The glacial history of Alaska: It's bearing on paleoclimatic theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-24T12:44:20.49558","indexId":"70220633","displayToPublicDate":"1961-10-01T12:24:57","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":801,"text":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The glacial history of Alaska: It's bearing on paleoclimatic theory","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"New York Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb50040.x","usgsCitation":"Karlstrom, T., 1961, The glacial history of Alaska: It's bearing on paleoclimatic theory: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 95, no. 1, p. 290-340, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb50040.x.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"340","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Numerous 1 to 2 mm white foci were observed on the kidney surface of one bird. Microscopically, there was distention of renal tubules with oocysts, flattening of tubular epithelium, and interstitial accumulation of mononuclear cells. Kidneys from several other species of sea ducks from Prince William Sound were not infected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-17.2.237","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., and Derksen, D.V., 1961, Renal coccidiosis in oldsquaws (Clangula hyemalis) from Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 17, no. 2, p. 237-240, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-17.2.237.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-17.2.237","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound, Teshekpuk Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.85406583172656,\n 70.58233364320773\n ],\n [\n -153.04712731822582,\n 70.65555334208511\n ],\n [\n -153.4056700788673,\n 70.6829422184802\n ],\n [\n -153.45623380152188,\n 70.71788484129243\n ],\n [\n -153.6446985859617,\n 70.74215688350768\n ],\n [\n -154.04461166513872,\n 70.68902356844578\n ],\n [\n -154.14573911044786,\n 70.64641542000794\n ],\n [\n -154.1319490042694,\n 70.5563378253344\n ],\n [\n -153.93429081571054,\n 70.4919693588391\n ],\n [\n -153.7871963498064,\n 70.44740499384741\n ],\n [\n -153.49300741799797,\n 70.43817257466443\n ],\n [\n -153.27236571914162,\n 70.51191478660377\n ],\n [\n -153.05172402028526,\n 70.50577982035688\n ],\n [\n -152.85406583172656,\n 70.58233364320773\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.32202731776306,\n 61.04696225464866\n ],\n [\n -148.32202731776306,\n 60.30986188880047\n ],\n [\n -145.82683744768872,\n 60.30986188880047\n ],\n [\n -145.82683744768872,\n 61.04696225464866\n ],\n [\n -148.32202731776306,\n 61.04696225464866\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. 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