{"pageNumber":"412","pageRowStart":"10275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":23981,"text":"ofr95397 - 1996 - Stratigraphic relations and hydrologic properties of the Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded (PTn) hydrologic unit, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr95397","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-397","title":"Stratigraphic relations and hydrologic properties of the Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded (PTn) hydrologic unit, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95397","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Moyer, T., Geslin, J., and Flint, L.E., 1996, Stratigraphic relations and hydrologic properties of the Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded (PTn) hydrologic unit, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-397, vi, 151 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95397.","productDescription":"vi, 151 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0397/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53169,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0397/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyer, T.C.","contributorId":74031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geslin, J.K.","contributorId":41024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geslin","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23400,"text":"ofr96382 - 1996 - Hydrologic data for Long Valley Caldera, Mono County, California, 1987-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T13:08:28","indexId":"ofr96382","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-382","title":"Hydrologic data for Long Valley Caldera, Mono County, California, 1987-93","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data were collected during 1987-93 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's long-term Volcanic Hazards Monitoring Program of the Long Valley Caldera, Mono County, California. The data are presented in graphs or tables. Data collected for the Long Valley Hydrologic Advisory Committee monitoring program also are presented. Hydrologic data collected include continuous record of ground-water levels in 6 wells, instantaneous measurement of ground-water levels in 55 wells, continuous record of discharge at 2 streams and 5 springs, instantaneous discharge measurements at 4 streams and 2 springs, ground-water temperature profiles of 3 thermal wells, continuous record of water temperature in 1 stream and 5 springs, vent gas temperatures at 2 fumaroles, and chemical and isotopic analyses of water samples collected at 13 ground-water and 6 surface-water sites. Precipitation amounts at three sites also are included.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96382","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Howle, J., and Farrar, C.D., 1996, Hydrologic data for Long Valley Caldera, Mono County, California, 1987-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-382, vii, 286 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96382.","productDescription":"vii, 286 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.)","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0382/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52702,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0382/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60edb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howle, J. F. 0000-0003-0491-6203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":66294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrar, C. D.","contributorId":71978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22891,"text":"ofr96432 - 1996 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 1994 through September 1995) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T16:27:58","indexId":"ofr96432","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-432","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 1994 through September 1995) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to below Missoula as part of a program to characterize aquatic resources in the upper Clark Fork basin of western Montana. Sampling stations were located on the Clark Fork and major tributaries. Water-quality data were obtained periodically at 16 stations during October 1994 through September 1995 (water year 1995). Data for twelve bed-sediment and eleven biological stations were obtained in August 1995. The primary constituents analyzed were trace elements associated with mine tailings from historical mining and smelting activities. Water-quality data include concentrations of major ions, trace element, and suspended sediment in stream samples collected periodically during water year 1995. Daily values of streamflow, suspended- sediment concentrations in the fine-grained and bulk fractions. Biological data include trace- element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Quality-assurance data are reported for analytical results of water, bed sediment, and biota. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data are provided for the period of record at each station since 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96432","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Axtmann, E., 1996, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 1994 through September 1995) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-432, iv, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96432.","productDescription":"iv, 109 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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,{"id":22015,"text":"ofr95280 - 1996 - Physical and hydrologic properties of rock outcrop samples at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:41","indexId":"ofr95280","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-280","title":"Physical and hydrologic properties of rock outcrop samples at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95280","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., Rautman, C., and Istok, J., 1996, Physical and hydrologic properties of rock outcrop samples at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-280, iv, 52 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95280.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0280/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51483,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0280/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rautman, C.A.","contributorId":46979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rautman","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Istok, J.D.","contributorId":34165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Istok","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":68103,"text":"ha739 - 1996 - Susceptibility of ground water to surface and shallow sources of contamination in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:26:13","indexId":"ha739","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"739","title":"Susceptibility of ground water to surface and shallow sources of contamination in Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water, because of its extensive use in agriculture, industry, and public-water supply, is one of Mississippi's most important natural resources. &nbsp;Ground water is the source for about 80 percent of the total freshwater used by the State's population (Solley and others, 1993). &nbsp;About 2,600 Mgal/d of freshwater is withdrawn from aquifers in Mississippi (D.E. Burt, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 1995). &nbsp;Wells capable of yielding 200 gal/min of water with quality suitable for most uses can be developed nearly anywhere in the State (Bednar, 1988). &nbsp;The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Pollution Control, and the Mississippi Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Bureau of Plant Industry, conducted an investigation to evaluate the susceptibility of ground water to contamination from surgace and shallow sources in Mississippi. &nbsp;A geographic information system (GIS) was used to develop and analyze statewide spatial data layers that contain geologic, hydrologic, physiographic, and cultural information.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha739","isbn":"0607861126","usgsCitation":"O'Hara, C., 1996, Susceptibility of ground water to surface and shallow sources of contamination in Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 739, 4 Plates: 37.08 x 48.61 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha739.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 37.08 x 48.61 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ha739.PNG"},{"id":327485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/739/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":327486,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/739/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":327487,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/739/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":327488,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/739/plate-4.pdf"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688064","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Hara, Charles G.","contributorId":83911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Hara","given":"Charles G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24452,"text":"ofr95709 - 1996 - Selected hydrologic data from Fortymile Wash in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, water years 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"ofr95709","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-709","title":"Selected hydrologic data from Fortymile Wash in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, water years 1993-94","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95709","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Savard, C., 1996, Selected hydrologic data from Fortymile Wash in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, water years 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-709, iv, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95709.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0709/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53524,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0709/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8a3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savard, C.S.","contributorId":48194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savard","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22228,"text":"ofr96392 - 1996 - U.S. Geological Survey federal-state cooperative water-resources program, fiscal year 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:02","indexId":"ofr96392","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-392","title":"U.S. Geological Survey federal-state cooperative water-resources program, fiscal year 1995","docAbstract":"The Federal-State Cooperative Program is a major U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) activity for the collection, analysis, and reporting of information on the quantity, quality, and use of the Nation's water resources. The fundamental characteristic of the program is that most of the work is undertaken by the USGS through joint-funding agreements, with State, regional, and local agencies providing at least one-half the funds. The main objectives of the program are (1) to collect, on a systematic basis, data needed for the continuing determi- nation and evaluation of the quantity, quality, and use of the Nation's water resources; and (2) to appraise the availability and the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of surface and ground water through data analysis and interpretive water-resources investigations and research. During fiscal year (FY) 1995, Cooperative Program activities were underway in offices in every State, Puerto Rico, and several territories in concert with about 1,100 cooperating agencies. In FY 1995, Federal funding of $62.1 million as matched by cooperating agencies, which also provided more than $28.2 million unmatched for a total program of about $152 million. This amounted to nearly 38 percent of the total funds for the USGS's water-resources activities. This report presents examples of FY 1995 investigations, as well as information on hydrologic data collection and water-use activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96392","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lew, M., and Dodds, B., 1996, U.S. Geological Survey federal-state cooperative water-resources program, fiscal year 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-392, iv, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96392.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0392/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51660,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0392/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cfe4b07f02db5da5cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lew, Melvin","contributorId":91877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lew","given":"Melvin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodds, Betty","contributorId":23971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodds","given":"Betty","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24481,"text":"ofr95750 - 1996 - Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for Medicine Lake Volcano, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:58:38","indexId":"ofr95750","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-750","title":"Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for Medicine Lake Volcano, California","docAbstract":"A hydrologic reconnaissance of the Medicine Lake Volcano area was done to collect data needed for the design of a hydrologic monitoring plan. The reconnaissance was completed during two field trips made in June and September 1992, during which geothermal and hydrologic features of public interest in the Medicine Lake area were identified. Selected wells, springs, and geothermal features were located and documented, and initial water-level, discharge, temperature, and specific-conductance measurements were made. Lakes in the study area also were surveyed during the September field trip. Temperature, specific- conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH data were collected by using a multiparameter probe. The proposed monitoring plan includes measurement of water levels in wells, discharge from springs, and lake stage, as well as analysis of well-,spring-, and lake-water quality. In determining lake-water quality, data for both stratified and unstratified conditions would be considered. (Data for stratified conditions were collected during the reconnaissance phase of this project, but data for unstratified conditions were not.) In addition, lake stage also would be monitored. A geothermal feature near Medicine Lake is a &quot;hot spot&quot; from which hot gases discharge from two distinct vents. Gas chemistry and temperature would be monitored in one of these vents.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95750","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Schneider, T.R., and McFarland, W.D., 1996, Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for Medicine Lake Volcano, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-750, v, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95750.","productDescription":"v, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0750/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53549,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0750/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a3b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Tiffany Rae","contributorId":52610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"Rae","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, W. D.","contributorId":57099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":68677,"text":"ha738B - 1996 - Ground-water levels in intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:23:37","indexId":"ha738B","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"738","chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water levels in intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) program is a series of studies by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to analyze regional ground-water systems that compose a major portion of the Nation's water supply (Sun, 1986). The Northern Rocky Mountains Intermontane Basins is one of the study regions in this national program. The main objectives of the RASA studies are to (1) describe the groundwater systems as they exist today, (2) analyze the known changes that have led to the systems present condition, (3) combine results of previous studies in a regional analysis, where possible, and (4) provide means by which effects of future ground-water development can be estimated.<br />The purpose of this study, which began in 1990, was to increase understanding of the hydrogeology of the intermontane basins of the Northern Rocky Mountains area. This report is Chapter B of a three-part series and shows the general distribution of ground-water levels in basin-fill deposits in the study area. Chapter A (Tuck and others, 1996) describes the geologic history and generalized hydrogeologic units. Chapter C (Clark and Dutton, 1996) describes the quality of ground and surface waters in the study area.<br />Ground-water levels shown in this report were measured primarily during summer 1991 and summer 1992; however, historical water levels were used for areas where more recent data could not be obtained. The information provided allows for the evaluation of general directions of ground-water flow, identification of recharge and discharge areas, and determination of hydraulic gradients within basin-fill deposits.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha738B","isbn":"0607861479","usgsCitation":"Briar, D.W., Lawlor, S., Stone, M., Parliman, D., Schaefer, J., and Kendy, E., 1996, Ground-water levels in intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 738, 1 map :col ;86 x 65 cm., on sheet 101 x 94 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha738B.","productDescription":"1 map :col ;86 x 65 cm., on sheet 101 x 94 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/738b/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":265410,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/738b/report.pdf"},{"id":187638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/738b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"750000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,44 ], [ -117,49 ], [ -111,49 ], [ -111,44 ], [ -117,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66756a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briar, David W. dbriar@usgs.gov","contributorId":4034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briar","given":"David","email":"dbriar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":278706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawlor, S.M.","contributorId":68164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawlor","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, M.A.","contributorId":9665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaefer, J.L.","contributorId":106160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendy, Eloise","contributorId":63841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendy","given":"Eloise","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":24911,"text":"ofr96434 - 1996 - Selected meteorological and micrometeorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T15:53:05","indexId":"ofr96434","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-434","title":"Selected meteorological and micrometeorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>il-heat-flux data were collected at a study site adjacent to a low-level radioactive-waste burial facility near Beatty, Nevada, for calendar year 1992. Data were collected in support of ongoing studies to estimate the potential for downward movement of radionuclides into the unsaturated sediments beneath waste-burial trenches at the arid facility. Data collected for the whole year include air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure, incident solar radiation, windspeed, wind direction, barometric pressure, and precipitation. Net radiation, soil temperature, and soil-heat flux data also were collected for part of the year. The data are summarized in tables and graphs.</p><p>Instrumentation used at the site is discussed. The discussion includes the type, reported accuracy, and the mounting height of each sensor.</p><p>During 1992, the hourly and 20-minute mean air temperatures ranged from -8.6 degrees Celsius, in January, to 42.3 degrees Celsius, in July. Hourly and 20-minute mean relative humidity ranged from 2 percent to 100 percent. Hourly and 20-minute mean vapor pressures ranged from 0.07 to 2.47 kilopascals. Daily maximum incident solar radiation values ranged from 115 to 1,021 watts per square meter. Daily maximum net radiation values ranged from 195 to 632 watts per square meter. Daily mean windspeed ranged from 0.6 to 8.1 meters per second. Wind direction was primarily from the northwest in fall, winter, and spring and was from the southeast, southwest, or northwest during the summer. Barometric pressures ranged from 100.16 kilopascals to 103.38 kilopascals. Total precipitation for 1992 was 165.3 millimeters, with more than 50 percent in February and March. Daily mean soil temperatures at a depth from 2 to 6 centimeters ranged from 10.7 to 39.1 degrees Celsius between June and October. Daily mean soil-heat flux at a dep*h of 8 centimeters ranged from -13.4 to 12.2 watts per square meter during the same period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Carson City, NV","doi":"10.3133/ofr96434","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wood, J.L., 1996, Selected meteorological and micrometeorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-434, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96434.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":53888,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0434/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0434/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8430","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, James L.","contributorId":10059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24683,"text":"ofr96224 - 1996 - Sublake geologic structure from high-resolution seismic-reflection data from four sinkhole lakes in the Lake Wales Ridge, central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T20:05:03.542062","indexId":"ofr96224","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-224","title":"Sublake geologic structure from high-resolution seismic-reflection data from four sinkhole lakes in the Lake Wales Ridge, central Florida","docAbstract":"Seismic-reflection profiles from Lake Wales, Blue Lake, Lake Letta, and Lake Apthorp located along the Lake Wales Ridge in central Florida provide local detail within the regional hydrogeologic framework as described by litho- and hydrostratigraphic cross sections. Lakes located with the mantled karst region have long been considered to be sinkhole lakes, originating from subsidence activity. High-resolution seismic- reflection data confirm this origin for these four lakes. The geologic framework of the Lake Wales Ridge has proven to be a suitable geologic setting for continuous high-resolution seismic-reflection profiling in lakes; however, the nature of the lake-bottom sediments largely controls the quality of the seismic data. In lakes with significant organic-rich bottom deposits, interpretable record was limited to areas where organic deposits were minimal. In lakes with clean, sandy bottoms, the seismic-reflection methods were highly successful in obtaining data that can be correlated with sublake subsidence features. These techniques are useful in examining sublake geology and providing a better understanding of how confining units are affected by subsidence in a region where their continuity is of significant importance to local lake hydrology. Although local geologic control around each lake generally corresponds to the regional geologic framework, local deviations from regional geologic trends occur in sublake areas affected by subsidence activity. Each of the four lakes examined represents a unique set of geologic controls and provides some degree of structural evidence of subsidence activity. Sublake geologic structures identified include: (1) marginal lake sediments dipping into bathymetric lows, (2) lateral discontinuity of confining units including sags and breaches, (3) the disruption and reworking of overlying unconsolidated siliciclastic sediments as they subside into the underlying irregular limestone surface, and (4) sublake regions where confining units appear to remain intact and unaffected by nearby subsidence activity. Each lake likely is underlain by several piping features rather than one large subsidence feature.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96224","usgsCitation":"Tihansky, A., Arthur, J.D., and DeWitt, D., 1996, Sublake geologic structure from high-resolution seismic-reflection data from four sinkhole lakes in the Lake Wales Ridge, central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-224, vi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96224.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407287,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18595.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0224/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53706,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0224/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Wales Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.064,\n              27.034\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.843,\n              27.034\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.843,\n              28.349\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.064,\n              28.349\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.064,\n              27.034\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tihansky, A. B. 0000-0003-1681-1601","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-1601","contributorId":77956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tihansky","given":"A. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, J. D.","contributorId":67924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeWitt, D.W.","contributorId":55044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":67960,"text":"ha738A - 1996 - Geologic history and hydrogeologic units of intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:10:58","indexId":"ha738A","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"738","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic history and hydrogeologic units of intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) program is a series of studies by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to analyze regional ground-water systems that compose a major portion of the Nation&rsquo;s water supply (Sun, 1986). The Northern Rocky Mountains Intermontane Basins is one of the study regions in this national program. The main objectives of the RASA studies are to: (1) describe the ground-water systems as they exist today, (2) analyze the known changes that have led to the system's present condition, (3) combine results of previous studies in a regional analysis, where possible, and (4) provide means by which effects of future ground-water development can be estimated.<br />The purpose of this study, which began in 1990, was to increase understanding of the hydrogeology of the intermontane basins of the Northern Rocky Mountains area. This report is Chapter Cofa three-part series and describes the quality of ground-water and surface water in the study area. Chapter A (T&uuml;ck and others, 1996) describes the geologic history and generalized hydrogeologic units. Chapter B (Briar and others, 1996) describes the general distribution of ground-watcrlcwels in basin-fill deposits,<br />Water-quality data illustrated in this report represent the distribution of concentrations and composition of dissolved solids in ground-water and surface water in the intermontane areas. The chemistry of ground and surface water in the intermontane areas is influenced by the chemical and physical nature of the rocks in the basin deposits of the valleys and surrounding bedrock in the mountains.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha738A","isbn":"0607861428","usgsCitation":"Tuck, L., Briar, D.W., and Clark, D.W., 1996, Geologic history and hydrogeologic units of intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 738, 1 map :col. ;86 x 64 cm., on sheet 109 x 94 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. +1 data sheet (76 x 101 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ha738A.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;86 x 64 cm., on sheet 109 x 94 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. +1 data sheet (76 x 101 cm.)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/738a/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":265405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/738a/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":265403,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/738a/report.pdf"},{"id":185557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/738a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"750000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,44 ], [ -115,49 ], [ -111,49 ], [ -111,44 ], [ -115,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a551b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuck, L.K.","contributorId":54247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuck","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briar, David W. dbriar@usgs.gov","contributorId":4034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briar","given":"David","email":"dbriar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":277398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, David W.","contributorId":77146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23276,"text":"ofr96230 - 1996 - Tidal-flow, circulation, and flushing characteristics of Kings Bay, Citrus County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr96230","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-230","title":"Tidal-flow, circulation, and flushing characteristics of Kings Bay, Citrus County, Florida","docAbstract":"Kings Bay is an estuary on the gulf coast of peninsular Florida with a surface area of less than one square mile. It is a unique estuarine system with no significant inflowing rivers or streams. As much as 99 percent of the freshwater entering the bay originates from multiple spring vents at the bottom of the estuary. The circulation and flushing characteristics of Kings Bay were evaluated by applying SIMSYS2D, a two-dimensional numerical model. Field data were used to calibrate and verify the model. Lagrangian particle simulations were used to determine the circulation characteristics for three hydrologic conditions: low inflow, typical inflow, and low inflow with reduced friction from aquatic vegetation. Spring discharge transported the particles from Kings Bay through Crystal River and out of the model domain. Tidal effects added an oscillatory component to the particle paths. The mean particle residence time was 59 hours for low inflow with reduced friction; therefore, particle residence time is affected more by spring discharge than by bottom friction. Circulation patterns were virtually identical for the three simulated hydroloigc conditions. Simulated particles introduced in the southern part of Kings Bay traveled along the eastern side of Buzzard Island before entering Crystal River and existing the model domain. The flushing characteristics of Kings Bay for the three hydrodynamic conditions were determined by simulating the injection of conservative dye constituents. The average concentration of dye initially injected in Kings Bay decreased asymptotically because of spring discharge, and the tide caused some oscillation in the average dye concentration. Ninety-five percent of the injected dye exited Kings Bay and Crystal River with 94 hours for low inflow, 71 hours for typical inflow, and 94 hours for low inflow with reduced bottom friction. Simulation results indicate that all of the open waters of Kings Bay are flushed by the spring discharge. Reduced bottom friction has little effect on flushing.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96230","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hammett, K., Goodwin, C.R., and Sanders, G., 1996, Tidal-flow, circulation, and flushing characteristics of Kings Bay, Citrus County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-230, vi, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96230.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0230/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52563,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0230/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699dc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammett, K.M.","contributorId":59006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammett","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodwin, C. R.","contributorId":18398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanders, G.L.","contributorId":62622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24702,"text":"ofr96438 - 1996 - Status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia; summary of hydrologic and climatic data, January 1994 through June 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"ofr96438","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-438","title":"Status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia; summary of hydrologic and climatic data, January 1994 through June 1996","docAbstract":"This report describes the status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia. Data presented are from January 1994 through June 1996, with a focus on data from April through June 1996 (second quarter of 1996). A complete database of ground-water withdrawals and chloride-concentration records since 1985 is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey. Cumulative rainfall for April through June 1996 was 22.64 inches, which is 12 percent more than the mean cumulative rainfall of 20.21 inches for April through June. The period April through June is part of the annual dry season. Ground-water withdrawal during April through June 1996 averaged 1,048,000 gallons per day. Withdrawal for the same 3 months in 1995 averaged 833,700 gallons per day. Withdrawal patterns during the second quarter of 1996 did not change significantly since 1991, with the Cantonment and Air Operations areas supplying about 99 percent of total islandwide pumpage. At the end of June 1996, the chloride concentration of water from the elevated tanks at Cantonment and Air Operations were 52 and 80 milligrams per liter, respectively. The chloride data from all five production areas showed no significant upward or downward trends throughout the second quarter of 1996. Potable levels of chloride concentrations have been maintained by adjusting individual pumping rates, and also because of the absence of long-term droughts. Chloride concentration of ground water in monitoring wells at Cantonment and Air Operations also showed no significant trends throughout the second quarter of 1996. Chloride concentrations have been about the same since the last quarter of 1995. A fuel-pipeline leak at Air Operations in May 1991 decreased total islandwide withdrawals by 15 percent. This lost pumping capacity is being offset by increased pumpage at Cantonment. Six wells do not contribute to the water supply because they are being used to hydraulically divert fuel migration away from water-supply wells by a program of ground-water withdrawal and injection.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96438","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Torikai, J., 1996, Status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia; summary of hydrologic and climatic data, January 1994 through June 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-438, v, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96438.","productDescription":"v, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0438/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53735,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0438/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d7e4b07f02db5deb32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torikai, J.D.","contributorId":93926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torikai","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156918,"text":"70156918 - 1996 - Interannual climate variability and snowpack in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T06:10:47","indexId":"70156918","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual climate variability and snowpack in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>An important part of the water supply in the western United States is derived from runoff fed by mountain snowmelt Snow accumulation responds to both precipitation and temperature variations, and forms an interesting climatic index, since it integrates these influences over the entire late fall-spring period. Here, effects of cool season climate variability upon snow water equivalent (SWE) over the western part of the conterminous United States are examined. The focus is on measurements on/and 1 April, when snow accumulation is typically greatest. The primary data, from a network of mountainous snow courses, provides a good description of interannual fluctuations in snow accumulations, since many snow courses have records of five decades or more. For any given year, the spring SWE anomaly at a particular snow course is likely to be 25%&ndash;60% of its long-term average. Five separate regions of anomalous SWE variability are distinguished, using a rotated principal components analysis. Although effects vary with region and with elevation, in general, the anomalous winter precipitation has the strongest influence on spring SWE fluctuations. Anomalous temperature has a weaker effect overall, but it has great influence in lower elevations such as in the coastal Northwest, and during spring in higher elevations. The regional snow anomaly patterns are associated with precipitation and temperature anomalies in winter and early spring. Patterns of the precipitation, temperature, and snow anomalies extend over broad regional areas, much larger than individual watersheds. These surface anomalies are organized by the atmospheric circulation, with primary anomaly centers over the North Pacific Ocean as well as over western North America. For most of the regions, anomalously low SWE is associated with a winter circulation resembling the PNA pattern. With a strong low in the central North Pacific and high pressure over the Pacific Northwest, this pattern diverts North Pacific storms northward, away from the region. Both warm and cool phases of El Ni&ntilde;o-Southern Oscillation tend to produce regional patterns with out-of-phase SWE anomalies in the Northwest and the Southwest.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AMS","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0928:ICVASI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D.R., 1996, Interannual climate variability and snowpack in the western United States: Journal of Climate, v. 9, no. 5, p. 928-948, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0928:ICVASI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"928","endPage":"948","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0928:icvasi>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.541015625,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.541015625,\n              49.06666839558117\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              49.06666839558117\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.541015625,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e81db3e4b0dacf699e667a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156940,"text":"70156940 - 1996 - Regional differences in the origins of organic matter in the San Francisco Bay ecosystem: evidence from lipid biomarkers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T08:31:02","indexId":"70156940","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Regional differences in the origins of organic matter in the San Francisco Bay ecosystem: evidence from lipid biomarkers","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"San Francisco Bay: the ecosystem","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science Pacific Division","isbn":"0-934394-11-3","usgsCitation":"Canuel, E.A., and Cloern, J., 1996, Regional differences in the origins of organic matter in the San Francisco Bay ecosystem: evidence from lipid biomarkers, chap. <i>of</i> San Francisco Bay: the ecosystem, p. 305-324.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"324","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://associations.sou.edu/aaaspd/WebPubs.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6f2e4b058f706e53e3e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hollibaugh, J.T.","contributorId":22886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571200,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Canuel, E. A.","contributorId":52206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canuel","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162177,"text":"70162177 - 1996 - Flexible digestion strategies and trace metal assimilation in marine bivalves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T07:36:46","indexId":"70162177","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flexible digestion strategies and trace metal assimilation in marine bivalves","docAbstract":"<p>Pulse-chase experiments show that two marine bivalves take optimal advantage of different types of particulate food by varying food retention time in a flexible two-phase digestive system. For example, carbon is efficiently assimilated from bacteria by subjecting nearly all the ingested bacteria to prolonged digestion. Prolonging digestion also enhances assimilation of metals, many of which are toxic in minute quantities if they are biologically available. Detritus-feeding aquatic organisms have always lived in environments naturally rich in particle-reactive metals. We suggest that avoiding excess assimilation of metals could be a factor in the evolution of digestion strategies. We tested that suggestion by studying digestion of particles containing different Cr concentrations. We show that bivalves are capable of modifying the digestive processing of food to reduce exposure to high, biologically available, Cr concentrations. The evolution of a mechanism in some species to avoid high concentrations of metals in food could influence how effects of modern metal pollution are manifested in marine ecosystems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1996.41.3.0568","usgsCitation":"Decho, A.W., and Luoma, S.N., 1996, Flexible digestion strategies and trace metal assimilation in marine bivalves: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 41, no. 3, p. 568-572, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.3.0568.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"568","endPage":"572","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.3.0568","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5698d4c9e4b0fbd3f7fa4c38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Decho, Alan W.","contributorId":22107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decho","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156946,"text":"70156946 - 1996 - Importance of dissolved sulfides and organic substances in controlling the chemical speciation of heavy metals in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T10:44:02","indexId":"70156946","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Importance of dissolved sulfides and organic substances in controlling the chemical speciation of heavy metals in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"San Francisco Bay: the ecosystem","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science Pacific Division","isbn":"0-934394-11-3","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., Chang, C., Khechfe, A., and Hunter, Y., 1996, Importance of dissolved sulfides and organic substances in controlling the chemical speciation of heavy metals in San Francisco Bay, chap. <i>of</i> San Francisco Bay: the ecosystem, p. 157-172.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307861,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://associations.sou.edu/aaaspd/WebPubs.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6bce4b058f706e53cf7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hollibaugh, J.T.","contributorId":22886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571222,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, C.C.Y.","contributorId":147324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"C.C.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Khechfe, A.I.","contributorId":147325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khechfe","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, Y.R.","contributorId":31542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Y.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70205269,"text":"70205269 - 1996 -  Effects of hydrologic disturbance on washout and recolonization of stream biota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-23T13:23:23","indexId":"70205269","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T16:16:12","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":" Effects of hydrologic disturbance on washout and recolonization of stream biota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Sixth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Sixth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","conferenceDate":"March 10-14, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hambrook, J., and Koltun, G.F., 1996,  Effects of hydrologic disturbance on washout and recolonization of stream biota, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Sixth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, v. 2, Las Vegas, NV, March 10-14, 1996, p. VII-9-VII-16.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"VII-9","endPage":"VII-16","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hambrook, J.A.","contributorId":65888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hambrook","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960 gfkoltun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":140048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G.","email":"gfkoltun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70205394,"text":"70205394 - 1996 - Small watershed studies: Analytical approaches for understanding ecosystem response to environmental change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-20T10:47:25","indexId":"70205394","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T10:45:33","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Small watershed studies: Analytical approaches for understanding ecosystem response to environmental change","docAbstract":"<p>Biogeochemical studies in small watersheds provide an analytical approach to understand how&nbsp;ecosystems respond to natural climatic variations and human-induced environmental change. Small&nbsp;watersheds, usually less than 5 km2, are small enough to permit characterization and understanding of&nbsp;ecosystem processes within relatively simple, homogeneous biological and physical settings; yet they are&nbsp;large enough to incorporate more complex processes and element cycles than can be studied at plot&nbsp;scales. Watersheds comprise discrete hydrochemical environments allowing quantification of hydrologic,&nbsp;element, and energy budgets. Element budgets, or mass balances, can be quantified as the difference&nbsp;between the mass of a solute that enters a watershed in wet and dry deposition and leaves a watershed in&nbsp;streamflow. Element budgets are primary tools used to investigate biogeochemical processes. Monitoring&nbsp;various aspects of element budgets to assess ecosystem health and stability is analogous to measuring the&nbsp;pulse or blood chemistry of a patient. Monitoring streamwater chemistry, basic climate, soil, and biotic&nbsp;variables provide a means to integrate complex biogeochemical processes and evaluate trends in water&nbsp;quality. Small watershed studies provide a scientific basis to develop predictive models of watershed&nbsp;function.</p><p><br>Major emphases of small watershed studies include investigation of hydrologic and chemical responses to&nbsp;natural climate variation, anthropogenic stressors, and alternate forest-management practices. The nature&nbsp;and significance of biogeochemical research in small watersheds is reviewed by Moldan and Cerny&nbsp;(1994). The U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and other federal&nbsp;agencies support several long-term small watershed studies to provide insight into a variety of ecosystem&nbsp;processes. Long-term records are essential to distinguish trends resulting from natural climatic variations&nbsp;or other stressors. The following sites, with noted periods of records, are examples of intensively studied&nbsp;forested watersheds in eastern USA supported by federal agencies:<br>■ Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, (1939-present), Swank and Crossley (1988).<br>■ Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, (1956-present), Bormann and Likens&nbsp;(1979).<br>■ Sleepers River Research Watershed, Vermont, (1958-present), Shanley et al. (1995).<br>■ Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee, (1967-present), Johnson and Van Hook (1989).<br>■ Catoctin Mountains Research Site, Maryland, (1982-present), Rice and Bricker (1995).<br>■ Catskill Stream Network, New York, (1983- present), Murdoch and Stoddard (1992).<br>■ Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, (1985-present), Huntington et al. (1993).</p><p><br>Small watershed studies also provide essential baseline information for understanding variations in water&nbsp;quality and element cycling in \"pristine\" ecosystems that can be used as benchmarks to evaluate&nbsp;anthropogenic impacts and alternate watershed management practices. This paper provides examples of&nbsp;how analytical tools developed through watershed research provide insight into ecosystem processes and&nbsp;can contribute to the management of watershed resources.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Watershed '96 Conference--Moving ahead together","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Watershed '96 Conference--Moving Ahead Together, Technical Conference and Exposition","conferenceDate":"June 8-12, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore MD","language":"English","publisher":"Tetra Tech, Inc","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., Hooper, R.P., and Murdoch, P.S., 1996, Small watershed studies: Analytical approaches for understanding ecosystem response to environmental change, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Watershed '96 Conference--Moving ahead together, Baltimore MD, June 8-12, 1996, p. 783-786.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"783","endPage":"786","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.epa.gov/water/test/web/pdf/2004_05_11_watershed_proceed_sess61-80.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S. 0000-0001-9243-505X pmurdoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-505X","contributorId":2453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter","email":"pmurdoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28226,"text":"wri964026 - 1996 - Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of gasoline contamination in the shallow aquifer, Laurel Bay Exchange, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T21:50:41.000691","indexId":"wri964026","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4026","title":"Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of gasoline contamination in the shallow aquifer, Laurel Bay Exchange, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>Laboratory, field, and digital solute-transport- modeling studies demonstrate that microorganisms indigenous to the shallow ground-water system at Laurel Bay Exchange, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina, can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons in gasoline released at the site. Microorganisms in aquifer sediments incubated in the laboratory under aerobic and anaerobic conditions mineralized radiolabeled carbon 14-toluene to <sup>14</sup>C-carbon dioxide with first-order rate constants of K<sub>bio</sub> = -0.640 per day and K<sub>bio</sub> = -0.003 per day, respectively. Digital solute- transport modeling using the numerical code SUTRA revealed that anaerobic biodegradation of benzene occurs with a first-order rate constant near K<sub>bio</sub> = -0.00025 per day. Sandy aquifer material beneath Laurel Bay Exchange is characterized by relatively high hydraulic conductivities (K<sub>aq</sub> = 8.9 to 17.3 feet per day), average ground-water flow rate of about 60 feet per year, and a relatively uniform hydraulic gradient of 0.004 feet per foot. The sandy aquifer material also has low adsorptive potentials for toluene and benzene (both about K<sub>ad</sub> = 2.0 x 10<sup>-9</sup> cubic feet per milligram), because of the lack of natural organic matter in the aquifer. The combination of this ground-water-flow rate and absence of significant adsorptive capacity in the aquifer permits toluene and benzene concentrations to be detected downgradient from the source area in monitoring wells, even though biodegradation of these compounds has been demonstrated. Solute-transport simulations, however, indicate that toluene and benzene will not reach the Broad River, the nearest point of contact with wildlife or human populations, about 3,600 feet west of the site boundary. These simulations also show that contamination will not be transported to the nearest Marine Corps property line about 2,400 feet south of the site. This is primarily because the source of contaminants has essentially been removed, and the low adsorptive capacity of the aquifer sediments has prevented the occurrence of an adsorbed, continuous source of petroleum hydrocarbons. Therefore, digital simulations of toluene and benzene transport at Laurel Bay Exchange indicate that intrinsic bioremediation could be a successful remediation alternative for prohibiting transport of dissolved toluene and benzene to the Broad River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964026","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Chapelle, F., and Bradley, P., 1996, Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of gasoline contamination in the shallow aquifer, Laurel Bay Exchange, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4026, viii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964026.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414514,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48392.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Laurel Bay Exchange, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.7944,\n              32.4547\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7861,\n              32.4547\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7861,\n              32.4639\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7944,\n              32.4639\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7944,\n              32.4547\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis","contributorId":102922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70203623,"text":"70203623 - 1996 - Plant succession and greentree reservoir management: Implications for management and restoration of bottomland hardwood wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T08:32:20","indexId":"70203623","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T09:17:04","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant succession and greentree reservoir management: Implications for management and restoration of bottomland hardwood wetlands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bottomland hardwood forests are distributed along rivers and streams throughout the central and eastern United States, with the greatest concentration in the Southeast. Past and projected losses of bottomland hardwoods and degradation of remaining stands suggest that habitat management and/or restoration strategies that target multiple species and multiple uses will be necessary to maintain, enhance, and restore flora and fauna within bottomland hardwood wetlands. A greentree reservoir is a current management strategy that entails manipulating water regimes to provide habitat for wintering waterfowl. We conducted a literature review and synthesis to determine the potential impacts of greentree reservoir management on plant succession within bottomland hardwood wetlands. Greentree reservoirs can impact vegetation establishment through several processes. Despite shortcomings of greentree reservoirs, designs similar to them could be very beneficial in restoring bottomland hardwood plant and animal communities from degraded forests provided water-level control and maintenance are substantially improved. Emulation of natural hydrologic regimes, including natural variability, could produce diverse bottomland hardwood plant communities and provide habitat for a variety of wildlife species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161340","usgsCitation":"King, S.L., and Allen, J., 1996, Plant succession and greentree reservoir management: Implications for management and restoration of bottomland hardwood wetlands: Wetlands, v. 16, no. 4, p. 503-511, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161340.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"511","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, James A. 0000-0001-6459-5734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-5734","contributorId":108095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28826,"text":"wri954191 - 1996 - Hydrologic and chemical interaction of the Arkansas River and the <i>Equus</i> Beds aquifer between Hutchinson and Wichita, south-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T11:30:35","indexId":"wri954191","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4191","title":"Hydrologic and chemical interaction of the Arkansas River and the <i>Equus</i> Beds aquifer between Hutchinson and Wichita, south-central Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>Large chloride concentrations in Arkansas River water have the potential to degrade water quality in the adjacent <i>Equus</i> beds aquifer between Hutchinson and Wichita, Kansas. The aquifer is an important source of water for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and domestic uses. </p><p>A three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow-model program (MODFLOW) was used with data from past studies and data collected during 1988-91 to simulate aquifer and stream conditions during the late 1930's, during 1940-89, and during 1990-2019. Results of ground-water flow-model simulations indicated that declining water levels in the <i>Equus</i> beds aquifer since the 1940's have caused base flow in the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers to decrease. In 1940, the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers had simulated net base-flow gains within the model area of about 21 and about 67 ft<sup>3</sup>/s (cubic feet per second), respectively. By the end of 1989, the Arkansas River had a simulated net base-flow loss of about 52 ft<sup>3</sup>/s, and the Little Arkansas River had a net base-flow gain of about 27 ft<sup>3</sup>/s. Simulations for 1990-2019 showed that the water-level changes in a selected model cell located in the central part of the Wichita well field could range from -0.2 to -78 feet. Waterlevel changes in a selected model cell located near the Arkansas River could range from +1.3 to -1.2 feet. In model simulations where only pumpage varied, net base-flow loss from the Arkansas River to the aquifer ranged from about 59 ft<sup>3</sup>/s (no increase in pumpage since 1989) to 117 ft<sup>3</sup>/s (a 3-percent per year increase in pumpage since 1989) by 2019. </p><p>Assuming a chloride concentration of 630 milligrams per liter, the median concentration in Arkansas River water collected during 1988-91, the quantity of chloride discharged from the Arkansas River to the aquifer was estimated to have increased from about 21 tons per day in 1940 to about 100 tons per day in 1989. By 2019, chloride discharge was indicated to range from about 110 tons per day (associated with no increase in pumpage since 1989) to 200 tons per day (associated with a 3-percent per year increase in pumpage since 1989). </p><p>A particle-tracking program (MODPATH), which used the results from the flow model, was used to simulate the distribution in the aquifer of chloride from the river during the same time periods. Particle-tracking simulations show that, during 1940-89, the simulated distribution of particles representing chloride from the Arkansas River expanded from relatively narrow bands near the river to a wider distribution within the aquifer and the Wichita well field. Particle-tracking simulations indicate that chloride discharge from the Arkansas River may have reached the edge of the Wichita well field as early as 1963.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, the Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No. 2, and the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Myers, N.C., Hargadine, G., and Gillespie, J.B., 1996, Hydrologic and chemical interaction of the Arkansas River and the <i>Equus</i> Beds aquifer between Hutchinson and Wichita, south-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4191, Report: viii, 100 p.; 2 Plates: 27.30 x 41.80 inches and 34.95 x 36.18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954191.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 100 p.; 2 Plates: 27.30 x 41.80 inches and 34.95 x 36.18 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57686,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4191/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":118897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4191/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":344896,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4191/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"2.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":344897,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4191/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"2.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.2,\n              37.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.1,\n              37.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.1,\n              38.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.2,\n              38.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.2,\n              37.7\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6117d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, N. C.","contributorId":13622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hargadine, G.D.","contributorId":93927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hargadine","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gillespie, Joe B.","contributorId":21194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28970,"text":"wri954293 - 1996 - Flow duration and low flows of Tennessee streams through 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-15T10:25:55","indexId":"wri954293","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4293","title":"Flow duration and low flows of Tennessee streams through 1992","docAbstract":"<p>Estimates of flow-duration and low-flow characteristics for the period of record at continuous-record streamflow stations are essential in hydrologic studies and water-resources management. This report provides flow-duration information, in the form of characteristics of the cumulative distribution function of the daily streamflow record, for 215 continuous-record streamflow stations. The report also provides estimates of low flow for 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 consecutive days for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 20 years for continuous-record streamflow stations. These estimates were used in correlation methods to estimate low flow at 1,216 partial-record streamflow stations and miscellaneous sites for 1,3, and 7 consecutive days for a recurrence interval of 10 years; and 3 consecutive days for a recurrence interval of 20 years.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954293","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation and the Tennessee Valley Authority","usgsCitation":"Outlaw, G.S., and Weaver, J.D., 1996, Flow duration and low flows of Tennessee streams through 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4293, Report: iv, 246 p.; 1 Plate: 30.93 x 16.47 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954293.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 246 p.; 1 Plate: 30.93 x 16.47 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,{"id":29983,"text":"wri954246 - 1996 - Streambed-material characteristics and surface-water quality, Green Pond Brook and tributaries, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1983-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T12:48:19","indexId":"wri954246","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4246","title":"Streambed-material characteristics and surface-water quality, Green Pond Brook and tributaries, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1983-90","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the results of a study conducted at Picatinny Arsenal, Morris County, New Jersey, to (1) determine whether streambed sediments in Green Pond Brook and its tributaries are contaminated with inorganic or organic constituents, (2) determine the extent of contamination in those reaches, and (3) characterize the quality of water in the brook. Shallow auger samples and results of an electromagnetic-conductivity and natural-gamma-ray survey were used to describe the distribution of streambed and substreambed sediment types and particle sizes.</p><p>Forty-five streambed samples were analyzed for trace elements, base/neutral- and acid-extractable compounds, organochlorine and organophosphorus insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated naphthalenes to determine whether contaminants have migrated to the brook from the surrounding area. Historical results of analyses of 63 surface-water and 27 streambed samples also are presented. Samples of streambed material collected from three areas in Green Pond Brook and its tributaries Green Pond Brook, from the area near the outflow of Picatinny Lake downstream to Parley Avenue; Bear Swamp Brook, from the area near building 241 downstream to the confluence with Green Pond Brook; and Green Pond Brook, from the open burning area downstream to the dam near building 1178 contained organic and (or) inorganic constituents in concentrations greater than those found under natural conditions and greater than those found in other areas sampled at the arsenal. Contaminants identified include trace elements, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine insecticides.</p><p>Surface-water samples from Green Pond Brook contained several volatile organic compounds, including trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloroethylene, at maximum concentrations of 3.8,4.6, and 11 micrograms per liter, respectively. Volatilization and dilution by surface- water and ground-water inflow reduce concentrations of volatile organic compounds from surface water in the steep, fast-flowing reaches of the brook at the southern end of the arsenal. No organic or inorganic constituents were detected in surface-water samples in concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking-water regulations. Only two constituents, iron and manganese, were detected in concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary drinking-water regulations. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954246","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Armament Research Development and Engineering Center","usgsCitation":"Storck, D.A., and Lacombe, P., 1996, Streambed-material characteristics and surface-water quality, Green Pond Brook and tributaries, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1983-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4246, Report: v, 56 p.; 2 Plates: 22.43 x 43.97 inches and 35.58 x 16.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954246.","productDescription":"Report: v, 56 p.; 2 Plates: 22.43 x 43.97 inches and 35.58 x 16.48 inches","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358957,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4246/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358958,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4246/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4246/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58791,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.6,\n              40.88333333\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.45,\n              40.88333333\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.45,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6,\n              40.88333333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storck, Donald A. dstorck@usgs.gov","contributorId":4311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storck","given":"Donald","email":"dstorck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":202479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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