{"pageNumber":"4120","pageRowStart":"102975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184918,"records":[{"id":70204411,"text":"b1981D - 1993 - Depositional aspects of the November 1985 Flood on Cheat River and Black Fork, West Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70204411,"text":"b1981D - 1993 - Depositional aspects of the November 1985 Flood on Cheat River and Black Fork, West Virginia","indexId":"b1981D","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Depositional aspects of the November 1985 Flood on Cheat River and Black Fork, West Virginia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33255,"text":"b1981 - 1993 - Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia","indexId":"b1981","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33255,"text":"b1981 - 1993 - Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia","indexId":"b1981","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T16:26:40.734438","indexId":"b1981D","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-16T15:09:47","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1981","chapter":"D","title":"Depositional aspects of the November 1985 Flood on Cheat River and Black Fork, West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Widespread, intense rainfall in November 1985 produced floods that exceeded all historic events on Cheat River and most of its tributaries. Official discharge estimates for Cheat River ranged from 4,800 to 5,380 m<sup>3</sup> /s (170,000-190,000 ft<sup>3</sup>/s) with a recurrence interval of &gt;100 yr. In addition to considerable property damage and the loss of five lives, the November 1985 flood left a variety of deposits, many of which differ from those produced by&nbsp;moderate floods.&nbsp;</p><p>Clay or silt deposits were uncommon after the flood; most were restricted to slack-water deposits at the mouths of hydraulically dammed or back-flooded tributaries. These slack-water deposits were composed of four different sedimentary units: basal gravel and sand (unit A), sandy loam (unit B), silt loam (unit C), and upper fine sandy loam (unit D). The four units always occurred in the same stratigraphic order, but low-gradient tributaries lacked the top and bottom units. The silt loam unit was deposited by water from Cheat River, but the other three were derived from the tributaries. Simple one-unit sandy slack-water deposits formed near very large boulders and bridges. Neither type of slack-water deposit proved to be an accurate indicator of flood stage, so these deposits may be imprecise paleohydraulic indicators for central Appalachian streams.&nbsp;</p><p>Sand dunes and arcuate splays of cobbles and small boulders developed on flood-plain sites downstream from isolated scours or erosional ramps attached to the river channel. Gravel deposits commonly were juxtaposed on top of sandy preflood alluvium, providing evidence of considerable tractive force in what is normally a low energy overbank environment. The flood transported large volumes of cobbles and boulders from the channel margin to sites hundreds of meters from the channel. Most of the mobilized sediment originated on the flood plain. </p><p>Extremely large boulders (&gt;2.75-m intermediate axes) were transported in two of the steeper reaches of Cheat River. Published empirical equations relating stream competence to mean flow velocity, tractive force, and unit stream power suggest these boulders approached the largest size that a flood of this magnitude could transport.&nbsp;</p><p>Trees and trash appeared to be the most voluminous sediments left by the November 1985 flood. These nonclastic deposits commonly were scattered widely about the flood plain, but they also occurred as clusters of dunelike forms on unforested surfaces or as thick lobate forms on forested bottomlands.&nbsp;</p><p>Postflood mitigation has destroyed most of the November 1985 flood deposits, precluding detailed study of some effects of the flood. If the extensive mitigation had not occurred, some of the morphologic and stratigraphic effects of this extreme flood would have persisted in the Cheat River and Black Fork fluvial systems for centuries.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia (Bulletin 1981)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1981D","usgsCitation":"Kite, J.S., and Linton, R.C., 1993, Depositional aspects of the November 1985 Flood on Cheat River and Black Fork, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1981, iii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1981D.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.","startPage":"D1","endPage":"D24","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Cheat River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.89738464355469,\n              39.73834635103298\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              39.722504198231405\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.87197875976562,\n              39.72778532033429\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.85824584960938,\n              39.71405356154611\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.85618591308594,\n              39.70454535762547\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.88914489746094,\n              39.69926245589766\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.90699768066406,\n              39.684468179576236\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.88296508789062,\n              39.67442740076734\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8101806640625,\n              39.614152077002664\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.76142883300781,\n              39.59669415226693\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.74769592285156,\n              39.577114881737586\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.73052978515625,\n              39.573939343591896\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.72984313964844,\n              39.564411856338054\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.71817016601562,\n              39.54800033726552\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.68521118164062,\n              39.527348072681455\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.68109130859375,\n              39.51516565173217\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.64057922363281,\n              39.50139164634394\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.64332580566405,\n              39.514106209795585\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.66804504394531,\n              39.526288816558626\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6783447265625,\n              39.52999614229506\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.68864440917969,\n              39.551706503542654\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.72160339355467,\n              39.56705851189888\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.71473693847656,\n              39.58240712203527\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.76554870605469,\n              39.61150721981573\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.87266540527344,\n              39.688695439188244\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.84657287597656,\n              39.69662085337441\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8321533203125,\n              39.71246895189433\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.86442565917969,\n              39.73781833792706\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.88090515136719,\n              39.73517821171903\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8932647705078,\n              39.74784989518784\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89738464355469,\n              39.73834635103298\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kite, J. S.","contributorId":43440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kite","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linton, R. C.","contributorId":66717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189543,"text":"b1981A - 1993 - Introduction: Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189543,"text":"b1981A - 1993 - Introduction: Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins","indexId":"b1981A","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","displayTitle":"Introduction: Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins","title":"Introduction: Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33255,"text":"b1981 - 1993 - Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia","indexId":"b1981","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33255,"text":"b1981 - 1993 - Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia","indexId":"b1981","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T19:46:43.044563","indexId":"b1981A","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1981","chapter":"A","displayTitle":"Introduction: Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins","title":"Introduction: Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins","docAbstract":"<p>The heavy rains of November 3-5, 1985, produced record floods and extensive landsliding in the Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia (pl. 1). Although rainfall intensity was moderate, the storm covered a very large area and produced record floods for basins in the size range of 1000-10,000 km<sup>2</sup>. In addition, thousands of landslides were triggered on slopes underlain by shale bedrock. The total social cost of the storm amounted to 70 lives lost and an estimated $1.3 billion in damage to homes, businesses, roads, and productive land in West Virginia and Virginia (Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 1985a, b). These extreme costs were incurred despite the fact that the affected area is sparsely populated. </p><p>To understand the origins and geomorphic effects of the 1985 storm, studies were undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Maryland, West Virginia University, Cornell University, University of Virginia, The Johns Hopkins University, and Carleton College. Personnel were also consulted from the National Weather Service, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Soil Conservation Service, and Interstate Commission on the Potomac River basin. </p><p>This cooperative effort serves to document the effects of the storm as an example of an extreme geomorphic event in the central Appalachian Mountains. The following chapters comprise observations and preliminary analyses for some of the observed phenomena. Subsequent publications by the contributors to this volume will expand the scope of this research. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia (Bulletin 1981)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1981A","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., 1993, Introduction: Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1981, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1981A.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"A1","endPage":"A3","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403433,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22200.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Cheat River basin, upper Potomac River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.25,\n              38.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.55,\n              38.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.5,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.25,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.25,\n              38.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596dcca8e4b0d1f9f062759b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70157391,"text":"70157391 - 1993 - Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the fiscal year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-22T12:52:29","indexId":"70157391","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-15T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"USGS TR-93-1","title":"Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the fiscal year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>An interagency report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabian Mission for the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Directorate General of Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission, 1993, Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the fiscal year 1992: Technical Report USGS TR-93-1, vii, 96 p.","productDescription":"vii, 96 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56027bb2e4b03bc34f5447f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","contributorId":147326,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","id":572954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189594,"text":"b1981C - 1993 - Landslides triggered by the storm of November 3-5, 1985, Wills Mountain Anticline, West Virginia and Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189594,"text":"b1981C - 1993 - Landslides triggered by the storm of November 3-5, 1985, Wills Mountain Anticline, West Virginia and Virginia","indexId":"b1981C","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Landslides triggered by the storm of November 3-5, 1985, Wills Mountain Anticline, West Virginia and Virginia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33255,"text":"b1981 - 1993 - Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia","indexId":"b1981","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33255,"text":"b1981 - 1993 - Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia","indexId":"b1981","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-27T22:07:03.19865","indexId":"b1981C","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1981","chapter":"C","title":"Landslides triggered by the storm of November 3-5, 1985, Wills Mountain Anticline, West Virginia and Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>More than 3,000 landslides were triggered by heavy rainfall in the central Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia and Virginia, November 3-5, 1985. These landslides provided the opportunity to study spatial controls on landslides, magnitude and frequency of triggering events, and the effects of landslides on flood-induced geomorphic change. The study area consists of parts of the Wills Mountain anticline, a major NE-trending structure in the central Appalachians, and a portion of the adjacent Appalachian Plateau. Across the anticline and adjacent plateau, bedrock lithologies vary markedly and include pure marine limestone, marine shale, deltaic mudstone/sandstone sequences, and orthoquartzites. Because of the geologic structure, bedrock lithology varies little along strike. </p><p>The spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the storm was controlled primarily by rainfall, bedrock lithology, surficial lithology, land cover, and slope morphology. The triggering rainfall was of moderate intensity and long duration. Two-day storm totals varied from 170 mm to more than 240 mm in the study area. Most landslides occurred at the northeast end of the study area, where 48-h rainfall totals were in excess of 200 mm. Different rainfall thresholds are apparent for triggering landslides on different bedrock lithologies. The highest density of landslides occurred in shallow colluvium and residuum of the Reedsville Shale (Ordovician), followed by regolith of the Greenbriar and Mauch Chunk Groups (Mississippian). Most of the landslides in these fine-grained regoliths were shallow slides and slumps, many of which transformed to mudflows and delivered sediment directly to streams; a smaller number of debris avalanches were triggered high on quartzite ridges.</p><p>Instability of colluvium and residuum derived from the Reedsville Shale, compared with regolith from four other fine-grained bedrock lithologies, is attributable to its low strength combined with moderate infiltration rates that allowed soil moisture to accumulate under the moderate intensities of the rainfall. Slopes covered by coarse, cobbly debris flow and alluvial deposits, mostly of Pleistocene age, were very stable due to their low slope angles and high frictional strength. </p><p>For a particular bedrock lithology, the spatial distribution of landslides appears controlled by interdependent influences of slope morphology and land cover. On the Reedsville Shale, most landslides occurred on north- to northeast-facing slopes, which might have had higher antecedent levels of soil moisture; these slopes have also been preferentially cleared because they produce better pasture forage for livestock. A secondary concentration of landslides on south- to southwest-facing slopes cannot be explained by conventional soil-moisture models. Landslide density was 100--200 percent higher on cleared land than on forested land. On pastured land, most landslides occurred on laterally planar slopes, but on forested land, most landslides occurred in slope positions that were laterally concave (hillslope hollows). </p><p>Compared with other documented Appalachian storms that have triggered landslides, the November 1985 storm had lower rainfall intensities over longer durations. Comparison with these other storms suggests that the anomalously high degree of slope instability in 1985 is due to the long duration of low-intensity rainfall on fine-grained regolith derived from shale; the triggering rainfall can be approximated by the 48-h storm total. Landslide density in Reedsville Shale regolith is linearly related to the varying 48-h rainfall along the anticline. These data define a probabilistic model that estimates return intervals of 43 to 300 yr for landslide densities ranging from 1 to 70 landslides/km<sup>2</sup>. </p><p>Analysis of flood-induced geomorphic changes in 79 small drainage basins that received 210-240 mm of rainfall showed a clear local association between landslides and channel erosion or deposition adjacent to where the landslides delivered sediment to the stream. When channel change was quantified using an index evaluated at each basin mouth, most of the channel change was attributable to the influence of basin morphology on flood discharge. Landslide density in the basins was of secondary, although measurable, importance in explaining flood-induced channel changes at the basin scale.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia (Bulletin 1981)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1981C","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., McGeehin, J.P., Cron, E.D., Carr, C.E., Harper, J.M., and Howard, A.D., 1993, Landslides triggered by the storm of November 3-5, 1985, Wills Mountain Anticline, West Virginia and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1981, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1981C.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"C1","endPage":"C33","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":481380,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22201.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Wills Mountain Anticline","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.8,\n              37.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -78,\n              37.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -78,\n              39.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8,\n              39.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8,\n              37.7\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596f1e28e4b0d1f9f064077a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. mcgeehin@usgs.gov","contributorId":140956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cron, Elizabeth D.","contributorId":193169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cron","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, Carolyn E.","contributorId":194780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carr","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harper, John M.","contributorId":194781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Howard, Alan D.","contributorId":106579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70203837,"text":"70203837 - 1993 - Use of a mark-visual recapture technique to estimate the relative abundance of nutria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-14T14:40:50","indexId":"70203837","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-14T14:34:17","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"Use of a mark-visual recapture technique to estimate the relative abundance of nutria","title":"Use of a mark-visual recapture technique to estimate the relative abundance of nutria","largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands : proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference, Society of Wetland Scientists, New Orleans, Louisiana","conferenceDate":"June 1992","language":"English","publisher":"SWS South Central Chapter","usgsCitation":"Johnson, L.A., 1993, Use of a mark-visual recapture technique to estimate the relative abundance of nutria, <i>in</i> Wetlands : proceedings of the 13th Annual 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,{"id":70018043,"text":"70018043 - 1993 - Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T23:05:27.109875","indexId":"70018043","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"The magnitude 7.3 Landers earthquake of 28 June 1992 triggered a remarkably sudden and widespread increase in earthquake activity across much of the western United States. The triggered earthquakes, which occurred at distances up to 1250 kilometers (17 source dimensions) from the Landers mainshock, were confined to areas of persistent seismicity and strike-slip to normal faulting. Many of the triggered areas also are sites of geothermal and recent volcanic activity. Static stress changes calculated for elastic models of the earthquake appear to be too small to have caused the triggering. The most promising explanations involve nonlinear interactions between large dynamic strains accompanying seismic waves from the mainshock and crustal fluids (perhaps including crustal magma).","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.260.5114.1617","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hill, D., Reasenberg, P., Michael, A., Arabaz, W., Beroza, G., Brumbaugh, D., Brune, J., Castro, R., Davis, S., Depolo, D., Ellsworth, W., Gomberg, J., Harmsen, S., House, L., Jackson, S., Johnston, M., Jones, L., Keller, R.H., Malone, S., Munguia, L., Nava, S., Pechmann, J., Sanford, A., Simpson, R., Smith, R.B., Stark, M., Stickney, M., Vidal, A., Walter, S., Wong, V., and Zollweg, J., 1993, Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake: Science, v. 260, no. 5114, p. 1617-1623, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5114.1617.","productDescription":"7 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B.","contributorId":64589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Stark, M.","contributorId":105055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Stickney, M.","contributorId":106665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickney","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Vidal, A.","contributorId":94451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidal","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Walter, S.","contributorId":97654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Wong, V.","contributorId":64411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Zollweg, J.","contributorId":81649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zollweg","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}}
,{"id":70210581,"text":"70210581 - 1993 - Mid‐Cretaceous extensional tectonics of the Yukon‐Tanana Terrane, Trans‐Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT), east‐central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-10T18:08:54.019251","indexId":"70210581","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-10T12:56:36","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid‐Cretaceous extensional tectonics of the Yukon‐Tanana Terrane, Trans‐Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT), east‐central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mid‐Cretaceous crustal extension played a fundamental role in the structural evolution of the Yukon‐Tanana terrane (YTT) in the northern Cordilleran interior. In the central portion of the YTT northwest of Delta Junction, Alaska, a mylonitic shear zone juxtaposes greenschist facies rocks in the upper plate against middle to upper amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks in the lower plate, a juxtaposition suggesting elimination of as much as 10 km of crustal section. The mylonites form a partial sheath enveloping a domal footwall structure and kinematic analysis of the mylonite zone yields a uniform transport direction of hanging wall to ESE. These relations suggest analogies to the metamorphic core complexes of the southern Cordillera. However, the YTT structures are entirely ductile, suggesting either a relatively deep erosional level or relatively high geothermal gradients during extension. In the study area remnants of an older preextensional thrusting event are preserved at the highest structural levels at the base of the Seventymile terrane and the leading edge of YTT in the Wickersham terrane. However, most areas display a regional, subhorizontal fabric that is superimposed on older fabrics, and in the study area this latest fabric is subparallel to the mylonitic sheath of the apparent extensional structure. Thus the conventional viewpoint that this latest fabric is related to thrusting needs to be reevaluated and this fabric may be entirely extensional in origin. Further evidence for extension is provided by clear similarities between YTT and characteristic features of other extensional terranes. Thus we suggest that the YTT is a deeply eroded view of highly extended continental crust. The tectonic mechanism for the extensional event and the magnitude of the extension is uncertain because of complications in regional timing relationships and in alternative interpretations of the reconstruction of the crustal section. Three end‐member models based on analogies with Neogene extensional systems are presented as working models to accommodate the alternative interpretations: (1) a Jurassic collision and Cretaceous extension model based on comparisons with the Neogene history of the Mediterranean region; (2) an Early to mid‐Cretaceous syncollisional model analogous to the Carpathian Mountains of eastern Europe; and (3) a syncollisional plateau uplift model with extension driven by gravity spreading.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/92TC00860","usgsCitation":"Pavlis, T.L., Sisson, V., Foster, H.L., Nokleberg, W.J., and Plafker, G., 1993, Mid‐Cretaceous extensional tectonics of the Yukon‐Tanana Terrane, Trans‐Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT), east‐central Alaska: Tectonics, v. 12, no. 1, p. 103-122, https://doi.org/10.1029/92TC00860.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Central Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.78710937499997,\n              64.33990785750463\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.0205078125,\n              64.33990785750463\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.0205078125,\n              67.25505812564363\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.78710937499997,\n              67.25505812564363\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.78710937499997,\n              64.33990785750463\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavlis, Terry L.","contributorId":52682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlis","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, V.B.","contributorId":101104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sisson","given":"V.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, Helen L.","contributorId":56195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70135751,"text":"70135751 - 1993 - Mobility of radioisotopes in marine surface sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:18:04","indexId":"70135751","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-09T12:45:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mobility of radioisotopes in marine surface sediments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Radioactivity and environmental security in the oceans : new research and policy priorities in the Arctic and North Atlantic","conferenceDate":"06/07/1993","conferenceLocation":"Woods Hole, MA","language":"English","publisher":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","publisherLocation":"Woods Hole, MA","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., and Santschi, P.H., 1993, Mobility of radioisotopes in marine surface sediments, Radioactivity and environmental security in the oceans : new research and policy priorities in the Arctic and North Atlantic, Woods Hole, MA, 06/07/1993, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":296713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296712,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://getinfo.de/app/Mobility-of-radioisotopes-in-marine-surface-sediments/id/BLCP%3ACN007841292"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"549165cde4b0d0759afaad8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santschi, P. H.","contributorId":130997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santschi","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70203630,"text":"70203630 - 1993 - Plant decomposition rates in two Louisiana coastal marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-10T13:05:20","indexId":"70203630","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-07T17:17:42","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Plant decomposition rates in two Louisiana coastal marshes","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands : Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference, Society of Wetland Scientists, New Orleans, Louisiana","language":"English","publisher":"SWS South Central Chapter","publisherLocation":"Utica, MS","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, K.A., Foote, A.L., and Guntenspergen, G.R., 1993, Plant decomposition rates in two Louisiana coastal marshes, <i>in</i> Wetlands : Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference, Society of Wetland Scientists, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 887-889.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"887","endPage":"889","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Jefferson Parish, Terrebonne Parish","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin, Terrebonne Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.373291015625,\n              29.05136777451729\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.967041015625,\n              29.05136777451729\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.967041015625,\n              29.81205076752506\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.373291015625,\n              29.81205076752506\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.373291015625,\n              29.05136777451729\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Kathleen A.","contributorId":216134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foote, A. Lee","contributorId":216145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foote","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70128524,"text":"70128524 - 1993 - Wildlife habitat criteria in relation to future use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T11:11:27","indexId":"70128524","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-05T11:04:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Wildlife habitat criteria in relation to future use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Great Plains Agricultural Council Meeting","conferenceTitle":"Great Plains Agricultural Council Meeting","conferenceDate":"1993-06-02T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Rapid City, SD","language":"English","publisher":"Great Plains Agricultural Council","publisherLocation":"Rapid City, SD","usgsCitation":"Allen, A., 1993, Wildlife habitat criteria in relation to future use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands, 48 p.","productDescription":"48 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3e1e4b08a816ca636b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":59737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70128536,"text":"70128536 - 1993 - Intra-specific competition (crowding) of giant sequoias (<i>Sequoiadendron giganteum</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T12:50:31","indexId":"70128536","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intra-specific competition (crowding) of giant sequoias (<i>Sequoiadendron giganteum</i>)","docAbstract":"Information on the size and location of 1916 giant sequoias (Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchholz) in Muir Grove, Sequoia National Park, in the southern Sierra Nevada of California was used to assess intra-specific crowding. Study objectives were to: (1) determine which parameters associated with intra-specific competition (i.e. size and distance to nearest neighbor, crowding/root system area overlap, or number of neighbors) might be important in spatial pattern development, growth, and survivorship of established giant sequoias; (2) quantify the level of intra-specific crowding of different sized live sequoias based on a model of estimated overlapping root system areas (i.e. an index of relative crowding); (3) compare the level of intra-specific crowding of similarly sized live and dead giant sequoias (less than 30 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) at the time of inventory (1969). Mean distances to the nearest live giant sequoia neighbor were not significantly different (at α = 0.05) for live and dead sequoias in similar size classes. A zone of influence competition model (i.e. index of crowding) based on horizontal overlap of estimated root system areas was developed for 1753 live sequoias. The model, based only on the spatial arrangement of live sequoias, was then tested on dead sequoias of less than 30 cm dbh (n = 163 trees; also recorded in 1969). The dead sequoias had a significantly higher crowding index than 561 live trees of similar diameter. Results showed that dead sequoias of less than 16.6 cm dbh had a significantly greater mean number of live neighbors and mean crowding index than live sequoias of similar size. Intra-specific crowding may be an important mechanism in determining the spatial distribution of sequoias in old-growth forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/0378-1127(93)90075-X","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., 1993, Intra-specific competition (crowding) of giant sequoias (<i>Sequoiadendron giganteum</i>): Forest Ecology and Management, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 127-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(93)90075-X.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295157,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(93)90075-X"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia National Park","volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3c2e4b08a816ca63668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222858,"text":"5222858 - 1993 - Accumulation and effects of lead and cadmium on wood ducks near a mining and smelting complex in Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T14:12:02.271157","indexId":"5222858","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T12:18:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation and effects of lead and cadmium on wood ducks near a mining and smelting complex in Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>A study of wood ducks (<i>Aix sponsa</i>) was conducted along the Coeur d'Alene River system in northern Idaho in 1986 and 1987. Most of this area has been subjected to severe contamination from lead and other metals from mining and smelting since the 1880s. In 1986, a preliminary study of wood duck nesting was conducted in the contaminated area; incubating hens captured in nest boxes were bled and weighed. Blood samples were used to determine lead and cadmium concentrations and physiological characteristics. In 1987, an intensive study of wood ducks involved trapping and monitoring nest boxes in the contaminated area. Blood and tissue samples were also taken from wood ducks from a reference area without known contamination from metals. Lead levels in blood and tissues of most wood ducks from the contaminated area frequently exceeded those considered hazardous to birds; maximum levels (wet weight) of lead were 8 μg g<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in blood and 14 μg g<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in liver. Changes in physiological characteristics constituted the only evidence of potentially adverse effects from lead. In the contaminated area, nesting success (55% unadjusted, 35% Mayfield estimate) was less than in other areas where predation was low and nest boxes were used; but lead concentrations and physiological characteristics of blood were similar in successful and unsuccessful hens.</p><p>Values of ALAD, hemoglobin, and body mass were negatively correlated with blood concentrations of lead, whereas protoporphyrin was positively correlated with lead levels in the blood. Some of the protoporphyrin values (1,091 μg dl<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in a male and 756 μg dl<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in a female) equalled those associated with lead toxicosis in experimental birds. ALAD activity was low in most birds from the contaminated area; values of 0 were obtained from 11 birds. Lead levels in blood, ALAD, protoporphyrin, and hemoglobin were significantly different between birds from the contaminated and reference areas. Concentrations of lead in ingesta of wood ducks ranged from 0.9 to 610 μg g<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the contaminated area and 0.2 to 0.6 μg g<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the reference area. Levels of cadmium in kidneys of wood ducks ranged from 1μg g<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 20 μg g<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the contaminated area and from only to 0.1 μg g<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 1 μg g<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the reference area. Cadmium concentrations were less than known effect levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/BF00119436","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., Hoffman, D.J., and Grove, R.A., 1993, Accumulation and effects of lead and cadmium on wood ducks near a mining and smelting complex in Idaho: Ecotoxicology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 139-154, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00119436.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene River system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.97592908468451,\n              47.76501813415993\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.97592908468451,\n              47.177807036797475\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.9689326432457,\n              47.177807036797475\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.9689326432457,\n              47.76501813415993\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.97592908468451,\n              47.76501813415993\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, Lawrence J.","contributorId":35199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70073341,"text":"70073341 - 1993 - Application of morphologic burrow interpretations to discern continental burrow architects: Lungfish or crayfish?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:45:22","indexId":"70073341","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T11:11:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of morphologic burrow interpretations to discern continental burrow architects: Lungfish or crayfish?","docAbstract":"<p>A methodology for trace fossil identification using burrowing signatures is tested by evaluating ancient and modern lungfish and crayfish burrows and comparing them to previously undescribed burrows in a stratigraphic interval thought to contain both lungfish and crayfish burrows. Permian burrows that bear skeletal remains of the lungfish<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Gnathorhiza</i>, from museum collections, were evaluated to identify unique burrow morphologies that could be used to distinguish lungfish from crayfish burrows when fossil remains are absent. The lungfish burrows were evaluated for details of the burrowing mechanism preserved in the burrow morphologies together forming burrowing signatures and were compared to new burrows in the Chinle Formation of western Colorado to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>test the</i><span>&nbsp;</span>methodology of using burrow signatures to identify unknown burrows.</p><p>Permian lungfish aestivation burrows show simple, nearly vertical, unbranched architectures and relatively smooth surficial morphologies with characteristic quasi‐horizontal striae on the burrow walls and vertical striae on the bulbous terminus. Burrow lengths do not exceed 0.5 m. In contrast, modern and ancient crayfish burrows exhibit simple to highly complex architectures with highly textured surficial morphologies. Burrow lengths may reach 4 to 5 m.</p><p>Burrow morphologies unlike those identified in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Gnathorhiza</i><span>&nbsp;</span>aestivation burrows were found in four burrow groups from museum collections. Two of these groups exhibit simple architectures and horizontal striae that were greater in sinuosity and magnitude, respectively. One of these burrows contains the remains of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lysoro‐phus</i>, but the burrow surface reveals no reliable surficial characteristics. It is not clear whether<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lysorophus</i>truly burrowed or merely occupied a pre‐existing structure. The other two groups exhibit surficial morphologies similar to those found on modern and ancient crayfish burrows and may provide evidence of freshwater crayfish in the Permian.</p><p>Burrows from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in western Colorado exhibit simple to moderately complex architectural morphologies, ranging from predominantly vertical, unbranched, with little or no chamber development to predominantly vertical, few branches, and with minor chamber development. Surficial burrow morphologies are moderate to highly textured. The burrows have scrape marks, scratch marks, mud and lag‐liners, knobby surfaces, pleopod striae, and body impressions.</p><p>Although no fossil remains of the burrowing organism were found within or associated with the Chinle burrows from western Colorado, the similarity of architectural and surficial burrow morphologies to those in the Chinle of Canyonlands, Utah and to modern crayfish burrows, clearly indicates that the Colorado burrows are the product of burrowing crayfish rather than lungfish. Evaluation of burrowing signatures preserved in the architectural and surficial burrow morphologies is a very useful tool to compare and contrast Chinle burrows from different regions on the Colorado Plateau. Documentation of crayfish burrows in the Chinle of Utah and Colorado strongly suggests that other large‐diameter Chinle burrows elsewhere on the Colorado Plateau and in stratigraphically equivalent units may also be the product of crayfish activity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420949309380105","usgsCitation":"Hasiotis, S.T., Mitchell, C., and Dubiel, R.R., 1993, Application of morphologic burrow interpretations to discern continental burrow architects: Lungfish or crayfish?: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 2, no. 4, p. 315-333, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420949309380105.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"333","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Canyonlands, Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.05,36.998 ], [ -114.05,42.0 ], [ -102.04,42.0 ], [ -102.04,36.998 ], [ -114.05,36.998 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4d9ce4b0b290850f1987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hasiotis, Stephen T.","contributorId":77923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasiotis","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, Charles E.","contributorId":99689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubiel, Russell R.","contributorId":51647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70169043,"text":"70169043 - 1993 - Groundwater as a nonpoint source of atrazine and deethylatrazine in a river during base flow conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:50:34","indexId":"70169043","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater as a nonpoint source of atrazine and deethylatrazine in a river during base flow conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Alluvial groundwater adjacent to the main stem river is the principal nonpoint source of atrazine and deethylatrazine in the Cedar River of Iowa after the river has been in base flow conditions for 5 days. Between two sites along a 116-km reach of the Cedar River, tributaries contributed about 25% of the increase in the atrazine and deethylatrazine load, whereas groundwater from the alluvial aquifer contributed at least 75% of the increase in load. Within the study area, tributaries aggregate almost all of the discharge from tile drains, and yet the tributaries still only contribute 25% of the increase in loads in the main stem river. At an unfamned study site adjacent to the Cedar River, the sources of atrazine and deethylatrazine in the alluvial groundwater are bank storage of river water and groundwater recharge from areas distant from the river. Atrazine and deethylatrazine associated with bank storage water will provide larger concentrations to the river during early base flow conditions. After the depletion of bank storage, stable and smaller concentrations of atrazine and deethylatrazine, originating from groundwater recharge, continue to be discharged from the alluvial aquifer to the river; thus these results indicate that alluvial aquifers are an important nonpoint source of atrazine and deethylatrazine in rivers during base flow.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00290","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., Thurman, E., and Furlong, E.T., 1993, Groundwater as a nonpoint source of atrazine and deethylatrazine in a river during base flow conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1719-1729, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00290.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1719","endPage":"1729","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.61224365234375,\n              41.99624282178583\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.70974731445312,\n              42.001345689029755\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.78390502929688,\n              41.96357478222518\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.67678833007812,\n              41.92680320648791\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62597656249999,\n              41.89512180073503\n            ],\n            [\n              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J.","contributorId":59415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185446,"text":"70185446 - 1993 - Simulation of fluid distributions observed at a crude oil spill site incorporating hysteresis, oil entrapment, and spatial variability of hydraulic properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T05:44:31","indexId":"70185446","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of fluid distributions observed at a crude oil spill site incorporating hysteresis, oil entrapment, and spatial variability of hydraulic properties","docAbstract":"<p><span>Subsurface oil, water, and air saturation distributions were determined using 146 samples collected from seven boreholes along a 120-m transect at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota. The field data, collected 10 years after the spill, show a clearly defined oil body that has an oil saturation distribution that appears to be influenced by sediment heterogeneities and water table fluctuations. The center of the oil body has depressed the water-saturated zone boundary and the oil appears to have migrated laterally within the capillary fringe. A multiphase cross-sectional flow model was developed and used to simulate the movement of oil and water at the spill site. Comparisons between observed and simulated oil saturation distributions serve as an indicator of the appropriateness of using such models to predict the actual spread of organic immiscible liquids at spill sites. Sediment hydraulic properties used in the model were estimated from particle size data. The general large-scale features of the observed oil body were reproduced only when hysteresis with oil entrapment and representations of observed spatial variability of hydraulic properties were incorporated into the model. The small-scale details of the observed subsurface oil distribution were not reproduced in the simulations. The discrepancy between observed and simulated oil distributions reflects the considerable uncertainty in model parameter estimates and boundary conditions, three-phase capillary pressure-saturation-relative permeability functions, representations of spatial variability of hydraulic properties, and hydrodynamics of the groundwater flow system at the study site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00370","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H., Herkelrath, W., and Hess, K., 1993, Simulation of fluid distributions observed at a crude oil spill site incorporating hysteresis, oil entrapment, and spatial variability of hydraulic properties: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1753-1770, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00370.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"1753","endPage":"1770","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5ee4b0236b68f98f3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, W.N.","contributorId":77981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hess, K.M.","contributorId":39415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222834,"text":"5222834 - 1993 - Avian communities in riparian forests of different widths in Maryland and Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T17:27:19.927957","indexId":"5222834","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian communities in riparian forests of different widths in Maryland and Delaware","docAbstract":"<p><span>In agricultural landscapes, much of the remaining forest is in linear tracts along streams. These riparian forests provide habitat for forest birds, but their use by forest interior birds may depend on forest width. We conducted point-count surveys of birds in riparian forests on the Eastern shore of Maryland and Delaware to assess whether the presence of any species was dependent on corridor width. We surveyed 117 corridors that ranged from 25- to 800-m wide. Several area-sensitive neotropical migrants were encountered more frequently in wider riparian forests, and probabilities of occurrence increased most rapidly between 25 and 100 m. Based on these surveys, we recommend that riparian forests be at least 100-m wide to provide some nesting habitat for area-sensitive species. Wider riparian forests would be preferable and should be preserved.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03160874","usgsCitation":"Keller, C., Robbins, C., and Hatfield, J., 1993, Avian communities in riparian forests of different widths in Maryland and Delaware: Wetlands, v. 13, no. 2, p. 137-144, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160874.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"144","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland","otherGeospatial":"eastern shore","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.83714544806597,\n              39.790800560501\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.83714544806597,\n              37.04504078682838\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82805814280428,\n              37.04504078682838\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82805814280428,\n              39.790800560501\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.83714544806597,\n              39.790800560501\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64afb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, C.M.E.","contributorId":28332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"C.M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185438,"text":"70185438 - 1993 - Transport and accumulation of radionuclides and stable elements in a Missouri River Reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:51:36","indexId":"70185438","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and accumulation of radionuclides and stable elements in a Missouri River Reservoir","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several long sediment cores from the Cheyenne River Embayment of Lake Oahe, a 250-km-long Missouri River reservoir in South Dakota, have been analyzed for radionuclides and stable elements. The combination of fine-scale sampling and rapid sedimentation produces radionuclide distributions that can be used to estimate the detailed chronology of particle transport processes in the Oahe reservoir system. A self-consistent and quantitative treatment of the&nbsp;</span><sup>137</sup><span>Cs data suggests processes to which characteristic times may be associated. Times that characterize system-wide processes include (1) an integration time of several years reflecting retention of the sediment-bound tracer in regions within or external to the reservoir, (2) a relaxation time of approximately 15 years reflecting a decreasing rate of sediment accumulation ascribed to shoreline stabilization, (3) a time of a few months characterizing the breadth of riverine signatures in cores due to integration effects in the Cheyenne River system and deltaic deposits, and (4) times of a few years associated with propagation of riverine load signatures along the embayment. The distribution of total sedimentary arsenic confirms the validity of the variable sedimentation model. In 1977, a tailings retention facility was built at the Homestake Mine site, and the unrestricted input of As ceased. As a result of this remedial action, the concentration of sedimentary As decreased dramatically. In the upper section of the core, above the depth represented by the year 1976, the concentration of As decreases tenfold. In this same core the distribution of lithologically discriminating chemical elements, calcium and vanadium, relate to major flow events in the Cheyenne River basin. Because there is minimal diagenesis of chemical constituents in these rapidly accumulating sediments, stable element signatures, in addition to radiotracers, may be used to reconstruct hydrologic events in drainage basins that contribute sediment to lakes and reservoirs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00387","usgsCitation":"Callender, E., and Robbins, J.A., 1993, Transport and accumulation of radionuclides and stable elements in a Missouri River Reservoir: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1787-1804, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00387.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"1787","endPage":"1804","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota ","otherGeospatial":"Whitewood Creek-Belle Fourche River-Cheyenne River system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.04602050781249,\n              44.87144275016589\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.051513671875,\n              43.01268088642034\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.97509765625,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.953125,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.711669921875,\n              43.858296779161826\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.777587890625,\n              44.91035917458495\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.04602050781249,\n              44.87144275016589\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5ee4b0236b68f98f3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callender, Edward","contributorId":83923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, John A.","contributorId":97583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185753,"text":"70185753 - 1993 - Landscape linkages between geothermal activity and solute composition and ecological response in surface waters draining the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:11:02","indexId":"70185753","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape linkages between geothermal activity and solute composition and ecological response in surface waters draining the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surface waters draining three different volcanoes in Costa Rica, ranging from dormant to moderately active to explosive, have a wide range of solute compositions that partly reflects the contribution of different types of solute-rich, geothermal waters. Three major physical transport vectors affect flows of geothermally derived solutes: thermally driven convection of volcanic gases and geothermal fluids; lateral and gravity-driven downward transport of geothermal fluids; and wind dispersion of ash, gases, and acid rain. Specific vector combinations interact to determine landscape patterns in solute chemistry and biota: indicator taxa of algae and bacteria reflect factors such as high temperature, wind-driven or hydrologically transported acidity, high concentrations of various solutes, and chemical precipitation reactions. Many streams receiving geothermally derived solutes have high levels of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) (up to 400 </span><i>µ</i><span>g liter</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), a nutrient that is typically not measured in geochemical studies of geothermal waters. Regional differences in levels of SRP and other solutes among volcanoes were typically not significant due to high local variation in solute levels among geothermally modified streams and between geothermally modified and unmodified streams on each volcano. Geothermal activity along the volcanic spine of Costa Rica provides a natural source of phosphorus, silica, and other solutes and plays an important role in determining emergent landscape patterns in the solute chemistry of surface waters and aquatic biota.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0753","usgsCitation":"Pringle, C.M., Rowe, G.L., Triska, F.J., Fernandez, J.F., and West, J., 1993, Landscape linkages between geothermal activity and solute composition and ecological response in surface waters draining the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 38, no. 4, p. 753-774, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0753.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"753","endPage":"774","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0753","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7638e4b0ee37af29e4e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pringle, Catherine M.","contributorId":176292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triska, Frank J.","contributorId":88781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, Jose F.","contributorId":189977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"West, John","contributorId":189976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185755,"text":"70185755 - 1993 - Surface chemical effects on colloid stability and transport through natural porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-08T06:36:34","indexId":"70185755","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1268,"text":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface chemical effects on colloid stability and transport through natural porous media","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surface chemical effects on colloidal stability and transport through porous media were investigated using laboratory column techniques. Approximately 100 nm diameter, spherical, iron oxide particles were synthesized as the mobile colloidal phase. The column packing material was retrieved from a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA. Previous studies have indicated enhanced stability and transport of iron oxide particles due to specific adsorption of some inorganic anions on the iron oxide surface. This phenomenon was further evaluated with an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Surfactants constitute a significant mass of the contaminant loading at the Cape Cod site and their presence may contribute to colloidal transport as a significant transport mechanism at the site. Other studies at the site have previously demonstrated the occurrence of this transport mechanism for iron phosphate particles. Photon correlation spectroscopy, micro-electrophoretic mobility, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate particle stability, mobility and size. Adsorption of negatively charged organic and inorganic species onto the surface of the iron oxide particles was shown to significantly enhance particle stability and transport through alterations of the electrokinetic properties of the particle surface. Particle breakthrough generally occurred simultaneously with tritiated water, a conservative tracer. The extent of particle breakthrough was primarily dependent upon colloidal stability and surface charge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0927-7757(93)80022-7","usgsCitation":"Puls, R.W., Paul, C.J., and Clark, D.A., 1993, Surface chemical effects on colloid stability and transport through natural porous media: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, v. 73, p. 287-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-7757(93)80022-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"300","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.784912109375,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9114990234375,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9114990234375,\n              42.12674735753131\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.784912109375,\n              42.12674735753131\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.784912109375,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7638e4b0ee37af29e4e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puls, Robert W.","contributorId":93814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puls","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, Cynthia J.","contributorId":189978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Donald A.","contributorId":189979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178349,"text":"70178349 - 1993 - Dioxin-like toxic potency in Forster's tern eggs from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-14T15:00:17","indexId":"70178349","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dioxin-like toxic potency in Forster's tern eggs from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>The endangered Forster's tern (Sternaforsteri) population on Green Bay, Wisconsin has exhibited symptoms of embryotoxicity, congenital deformities, and poor hatching success. The putative causal agents are planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHH). The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the toxic potency of PHHs in extracts of Forster's tern eggs taken from Green Bay, Lake Michigan and a reference site, Lake Poygan, WI; and 2) to compare the toxic potencies of the egg extracts with the reproductive data available from the same water bird colonies. The relative toxic potency of the egg extracts was assessed with the H4IIE bioassay system to obtain 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ). The average concentrations of TCDD-EQ in Forster's tern eggs were 214.5 pg/g and 23.4 pg/g from Green Bay and Lake Poygan, respectively. The bioassay results presented here concur with the biological effects and chemical analyses information from other studies on the same Forster's tern colonies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(93)90033-2","usgsCitation":"Tillitt, D., Kubiak, T., Ankley, G., and Giesy, J., 1993, Dioxin-like toxic potency in Forster's tern eggs from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, North America: Chemosphere, v. 26, no. 11, p. 2079-2084, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90033-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2079","endPage":"2084","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582adb48e4b0c253bdfff0e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":118820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubiak, T.J.","contributorId":150393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kubiak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ankley, G.T.","contributorId":76710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankley","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186651,"text":"70186651 - 1993 - Correction and addition to “Seismicity of the Sundra Strait: Evidence for crustal Extension and volcanologic implications”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T14:03:08","indexId":"70186651","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correction and addition to “Seismicity of the Sundra Strait: Evidence for crustal Extension and volcanologic implications”","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/92TC02252","usgsCitation":"Harjono, H., Sebrier, M., and Diament, M., 1993, Correction and addition to “Seismicity of the Sundra Strait: Evidence for crustal Extension and volcanologic implications”: Tectonics, v. 12, no. 3, p. 787-790, https://doi.org/10.1029/92TC02252.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"787","endPage":"790","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/92tc02252","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75408e4b09da6799c0c94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harjono, Hery","contributorId":190640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harjono","given":"Hery","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sebrier, Michel","contributorId":190641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sebrier","given":"Michel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diament, Michel","contributorId":190642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diament","given":"Michel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186688,"text":"70186688 - 1993 - Use of output from high‐resolution atmospheric models in landscape‐scale hydrologic models: An assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-07T16:56:07.46528","indexId":"70186688","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of output from high‐resolution atmospheric models in landscape‐scale hydrologic models: An assessment","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this paper we investigate the feasibility of coupling regional climate models (RCMs) with landscape‐scale hydrologic models (LSHMs) for studies of the effects of climate on hydrologic systems. The RCM used is the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Pennsylvania State University mesoscale model (MM4). Output from two year‐round simulations (1983 and 1988) over the western United States is used to drive a lake model for Pyramid Lake in Nevada and a streamfiow model for Steamboat Creek in Oregon. Comparisons with observed data indicate that MM4 is able to produce meteorologic data sets that can be used to drive hydrologic models. Results from the lake model simulations indicate that the use of MM4 output produces reasonably good predictions of surface temperature and evaporation. Results from the streamflow simulations indicate that the use of MM4 output results in good simulations of the seasonal cycle of streamflow, but deficiencies in simulated wintertime precipitation resulted in underestimates of streamflow and soil moisture. Further work with climate (multiyear) simulations is necessary to achieve a complete analysis, but the results from this study indicate that coupling of LSHMs and RCMs may be a useful approach for evaluating the effects of climate change on hydrologic systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00263","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., and Giorgi, F., 1993, Use of output from high‐resolution atmospheric models in landscape‐scale hydrologic models: An assessment: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1685-1695, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00263.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1685","endPage":"1695","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a54ce4b09da6799d63f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giorgi, F.","contributorId":24924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giorgi","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185450,"text":"70185450 - 1993 - Fate and transport of bacteria injected into aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T10:52:48","indexId":"70185450","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5325,"text":"Current Opinion in Biotechnology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and transport of bacteria injected into aquifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Advances in our understanding of the fate and transport of bacteria introduced into aquifers, including the potential use of genetically engineered bacteria for biorestoration, are highlighted by new findings in the following areas: modeling of bacterial attachment during transport through porous media, the long-term survival of a chlorobenzoate-degrading bacterium injected into a contaminated sandy aquifer, and molecular techniques that may be used in tracking genetically engineered bacteria in groundwater environments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0958-1669(93)90101-2","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., 1993, Fate and transport of bacteria injected into aquifers: Current Opinion in Biotechnology, v. 4, no. 3, p. 312-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/0958-1669(93)90101-2.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"312","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3ee4b0236b68f98f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185448,"text":"70185448 - 1993 - Measurement of variation in soil solute tracer concentration across a range of effective pore sizes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:17:00","indexId":"70185448","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of variation in soil solute tracer concentration across a range of effective pore sizes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Solute transport concepts in soil are based on speculation that solutes are distributed nonuniformly within large and small pores. Solute concentrations have not previously been measured across a range of pore sizes and examined in relation to soil hydrological properties. For this study, modified pressure cells were used to measure variation in concentration of a solute tracer across a range of pore sizes. Intact cores were removed from the site of a field tracer experiment, and soil water was eluted from 10 or more discrete classes of pore size. Simultaneous changes in water content and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity were determined on cores using standard pressure cell techniques. Bromide tracer concentration varied by as much as 100% across the range of pore sizes sampled. Immediately following application of the bromide tracer on field plots, bromide was most concentrated in the largest pores; concentrations were lower in pores of progressively smaller sizes. After 27 days, bromide was most dilute in the largest pores and concentrations were higher in the smaller pores. A sharp, threefold decrease in specific water capacity during elution indicated separation of two major pore size classes at a pressure of 47 cm H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O and a corresponding effective pore diameter of 70 μm. Variation in tracer concentration, on the other hand, was spread across the entire range of pore sizes investigated in this study. A two-porosity characterization of the transport domain, based on water retention criteria, only broadly characterized the pattern of variation in tracer concentration across pore size classes during transport through a macroporous soil.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00529","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., 1993, Measurement of variation in soil solute tracer concentration across a range of effective pore sizes: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1831-1837, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00529.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1831","endPage":"1837","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338038,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5ee4b0236b68f98f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180795,"text":"70180795 - 1993 - Cruise to the Chukchi Borderland, Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T12:33:17","indexId":"70180795","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cruise to the Chukchi Borderland, Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oceanography and geology were the principal focuses of the U.S. Geological Survey-sponsored expedition Arctic Summer West '92, which traveled to the eastern part of the Chukchi Borderland of the Amerasia Basin, western Arctic Ocean. The expedition took place from August 20 to September 25, 1992, aboard the Coast Guard cutter </span><i>Polar Star</i><span>. USGS investigated the geologic framework and tectonic origin of the borderland, Arctic Quaternary paleoclimate, sea-ice transport of particulate matter in the Beaufort Gyre, and possible radionuclide contamination of the water column and seafloor off Alaska from sources in the Russian Arctic. Researchers from five other institutions studied the area's oceanography, age of the water column, paleoenvironment of the Holocene sediment, physical properties and synthetic-aperture radar backscatter of sea ice, and the drop-stone content of late Quaternary sediment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/93EO00273","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., and 1992 Arctic Summer West Scientific Party, 1993, Cruise to the Chukchi Borderland, Arctic Ocean: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 74, no. 22, p. 249-254, https://doi.org/10.1029/93EO00273.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4d4e4b0fa1e59bc1e91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"1992 Arctic Summer West Scientific Party","contributorId":179071,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"1992 Arctic Summer West Scientific Party","id":662455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}