In this paper we investigate the feasibility of coupling regional climate models (RCMs) with landscape‐scale hydrologic models (LSHMs) for studies of the effects of climate on hydrologic systems. The RCM used is the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Pennsylvania State University mesoscale model (MM4). Output from two year‐round simulations (1983 and 1988) over the western United States is used to drive a lake model for Pyramid Lake in Nevada and a streamfiow model for Steamboat Creek in Oregon. Comparisons with observed data indicate that MM4 is able to produce meteorologic data sets that can be used to drive hydrologic models. Results from the lake model simulations indicate that the use of MM4 output produces reasonably good predictions of surface temperature and evaporation. Results from the streamflow simulations indicate that the use of MM4 output results in good simulations of the seasonal cycle of streamflow, but deficiencies in simulated wintertime precipitation resulted in underestimates of streamflow and soil moisture. Further work with climate (multiyear) simulations is necessary to achieve a complete analysis, but the results from this study indicate that coupling of LSHMs and RCMs may be a useful approach for evaluating the effects of climate change on hydrologic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00263","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., and Giorgi, F., 1993, Use of output from high‐resolution atmospheric models in landscape‐scale hydrologic models: An assessment: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1685-1695, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00263.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1685","endPage":"1695","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a54ce4b09da6799d63f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giorgi, F.","contributorId":24924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giorgi","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187139,"text":"70187139 - 1993 - Transport of volatile organic compounds across the capillary fringe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T16:40:44","indexId":"70187139","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of volatile organic compounds across the capillary fringe","docAbstract":"Physical experiments were conducted to investigate the transport of a dissolved volatile organic compound (trichloroethylene, TCE) from shallow groundwater to the unsaturated zone under a variety of conditions including changes in the soil moisture profile and water table position. Experimental data indicated that at moderate groundwater velocities (0.1 m/d), vertical mechanical dispersion was negligible and molecular diffusion was the dominant vertical transport mechanism. Under these conditions, TCE concentrations decreased nearly 3 orders of magnitude across the capillary fringe and soil gas concentrations remained low relative to those of underlying groundwater. Data collected during a water table drop showed a short-term increase in concentrations throughout most of the unsaturated zone, but these concentrations quickly declined and approached initial values after the water table was returned to its original level. In the deep part of the unsaturated zone, the water table drop resulted in a long-term decrease in concentrations, illustrating the effects of hysteresis in the soil moisture profile. A two-dimensional random walk advection-diffusion model was developed to simulate the experimental conditions, and numerical simulations agreed well with experimental data. A simpler, one-dimensional finite-difference diffusion-dispersion model was also developed. One-dimensional simulations based on molecular diffusion also agreed well with experimental data. Simulations which incorporated mechanical dispersion tended to overestimate flux across the capillary fringe. Good agreement between the one- and two-dimensional models suggested that a simple, one-dimensional approximation of vertical transport across the capillary fringe can be useful when conditions are appropriate.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00098","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.A., and Johnson, R.L., 1993, Transport of volatile organic compounds across the capillary fringe: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1675-1683, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00098.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"1675","endPage":"1683","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/93wr00098","text":"External Repository"},{"id":340218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea8e4b006455f2d620a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Kathleen A. mccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Kathleen","email":"mccarthy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":692691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216619,"text":"70216619 - 1993 - Toward the simulation of the effects of the Great Lakes on regional climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T18:18:52.512268","indexId":"70216619","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-29T15:33:27","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2786,"text":"Monthly Weather Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward the simulation of the effects of the Great Lakes on regional climate","docAbstract":"This paper describes a set of numerical experiments aimed at evaluating the feasibility of applying a version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research-Pennsylvania State University regional model (MM4) to regional climate simulation over the Great Lakes Basin. The objectives of this initial modeling investigation are 1) to examine whether the MM4 can capture the primary forcing exerted by the Great Lakes on the regional climate and 2) to evaluate what model resolution and configuration are needed to simulate such forcing. Simulations over the Great Lakes region are conducted with and without representation of the lakes at four model gridpoint resolutions ranging from 15 to 90 km. One experiment at 60-km resolution is discussed in which a one-dimensional thermal eddy diffusion model is interactively coupled to the MM4 to represent the lakes. Initial and lateral boundary conditions necessary to drive these simulations are provided by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses of observations. All simulations conducted are 10 days in length, from 22 December 1985 to 1 January 1986.
When driven with data from ECMWF analyses of observations, the climate version of the MM4 reproduces the basic characteristics of the distribution of lake-effect precipitation over the Great Lakes Basin. Differences between simulations with and without the lakes represented indicate that the lakes accounted for approximately 25% of the precipitation over the basin during the 10-day period simulated. Over localized areas, identified as the major snowbelts downwind from the lakes, lake effects were responsible for 50%–70% of the precipitation.
Basinwide precipitation did not vary greatly among the simulations with resolutions of 60, 30, and 15 km, although biases between model results and station observations did decrease slightly with increasing model resolution. Basinwide maximum and minimum temperature biases decreased more markedly with finer resolution. In the snowbelt regions downwind from the lakes, precipitation was underforecast at all four model resolutions, but precipitation generally increased with finer resolution. Differences between the results from the simulations at the three finest resolutions were greater over snowbelt regions than over the basin as a whole.
A simulation was conducted with the MM4 coupled to a lake model in an interactive two-way nested configuration. The implementation of this coupling was accomplished in a straightforward manner, with no model tuning required, and added very little to the computation time needed for the MM4 system. This coupled modeling system was found to produce realistic distributions of lake surface temperatures, evaporation rates, and ice thicknesses across the lakes. In climate simulations where the MM4 is nested in a general circulation model (GCM), we believe that the use of this coupled modeling system is preferable to specifying lake parameters by interpolation from GCM output. The next step in this work is to conduct a simulation of at least one annual cycle over the region to more fully test the coupled MM4-take model system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1373:TTSOTE>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bates, G.T., Giorgi, F., and Hostetler, S.W., 1993, Toward the simulation of the effects of the Great Lakes on regional climate: Monthly Weather Review, v. 121, no. 5, p. 1373-1387, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1373:TTSOTE>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1373","endPage":"1387","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1373:ttsote>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 49.32512199104001\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 49.32512199104001\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 41.31082388091818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bates, Gary T.","contributorId":245248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bates","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giorgi, F.","contributorId":28186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018286,"text":"70018286 - 1993 - How geometrical constraints contribute to the weakness of mature faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T15:02:35.098817","indexId":"70018286","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How geometrical constraints contribute to the weakness of mature faults","docAbstract":"Increasing evidence that the San Andreas fault has low shear strength1 has fuelled considerable discussion regarding the role of fluid pressure in controlling fault strength. Byerlee2,3 and Rice4 have shown how fluid pressure gradients within a fault zone can produce a fault with low strength while avoiding hydraulic fracture of the surrounding rock due to excessive fluid pressure. It may not be widely realised, however, that the same analysis2–4 shows that even in the absence of fluids, the presence of a relatively soft 'gouge' layer surrounded by harder country rock can also reduce the effective shear strength of the fault. As shown most recently by Byerlee and Savage5, as the shear stress across a fault increases, the stress state within the fault zone evolves to a limiting condition in which the maximum shear stress within the fault zone is parallel to the fault, which then slips with a lower apparent coefficient of friction than the same material unconstrained by the fault. Here we confirm the importance of fault geometry in determining the apparent weakness of fault zones, by showing that the apparent friction on a sawcut granite surface can be predicted from the friction measured in intact rock, given only the geometrical constraints introduced by the fault surfaces. This link between the sliding friction of faults and the internal friction of intact rock suggests a new approach to understanding the microphysical processes that underlie friction in brittle materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/363250a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Lockner, D., and Byerlee, J., 1993, How geometrical constraints contribute to the weakness of mature faults: Nature, v. 363, no. 6426, p. 250-252, https://doi.org/10.1038/363250a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"252","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"363","issue":"6426","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a324ae4b0c8380cd5e6ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180483,"text":"70180483 - 1993 - Developmental stability and its applications in ecotoxicology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T14:58:44","indexId":"70180483","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developmental stability and its applications in ecotoxicology","docAbstract":"Developmental stability refers to the ability of a developing organism to produce a consistent phenotype in a given environment. It provides a simple, reliable method of detecting stressed populations and monitoring their recovery. The most common measure of developmental instability, fluctuating asymmetry, assesses minor deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry in traits that are normally symmetrical. Measures of developmental instability are based upon the concept of developmental invariance. The biotest approach consists of the simultaneous analysis of developmental instability (and related physiological instability) in a variety of species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Chapman & Hall","doi":"10.1007/BF00116422","usgsCitation":"Graham, J.H., Emlen, J.M., and Freeman, D.C., 1993, Developmental stability and its applications in ecotoxicology: Ecotoxicology, v. 2, no. 3, p. 175-184, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116422.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905efae4b072a7ac0cada1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, John H.","contributorId":19861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emlen, John M.","contributorId":168812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, D. Carl","contributorId":31599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207074,"text":"70207074 - 1993 - The Parkfield prediction fallacy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-29T16:10:22.592362","indexId":"70207074","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Parkfield prediction fallacy","docAbstract":"The Parkfield earthquake prediction is generally stated as a 95% probability that the next moderate earthquake there should occur before January 1993. That time limit is based on a two-sided 95% confidence interval. Because at the time of the prediction (1985) it was already clear that the earthquake had not occurred prior to 1985, a one-sided 95% confidence interval would have been more appropriate. That confidence interval ended in October 1991. The Parkfield prediction was based on an extrapolation of five of the six events in the 1857 to 1966 earthquake sequence; the 1934 event was omitted because it did not fit the regularity exhibited by the other data. The fallacy in the prediction is that it did not take account of other less-contrived explanations of the Parkfield seismicity (e.g., not excluding the 1934 event). Even if the Parkfield earthquake should occur in the near future, it would be better explained by less-contrived hypotheses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0830010001","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., 1993, The Parkfield prediction fallacy: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 83, no. 1, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0830010001.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171321,"text":"70171321 - 1993 - Rainfall-threshold conditions for landslides in a humid-tropical system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T11:49:13","indexId":"70171321","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-10T13:45:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1768,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall-threshold conditions for landslides in a humid-tropical system","docAbstract":"Landslides are triggered by factors such as heavy rainfall, seismic activity, and construction on hillslopes. The leading cause of landslides in Puerto Rico is intense and/or prolonged rainfall. A rainfall threshold for rainfall-triggered landsliding is delimited by 256 storms that occurred between 1959 and 1991 in the central mountains of Puerto Rico, where mean annual rainfall is close to or in excess of 2,000 mm. Forty one of the 256 storms produced intense and/or prolonged rainfall that resulted in tens to hundreds of landslides. A threshold fitted to the lower boundary of the field defined by landslide-triggering storms is expressed as
\nwhere I is rainfall intensity in millimeters per hour, and D is duration in hours. Landslide-producing storms occurred at an average rate of 1.2 per year. In general the landslides triggered by short-duration, high-intensity rainfall events were mainly shallow soil slips and debris flows, while the long-duration, low-intensity rainfall produced larger, deeper debris avalanches and slumps. For storms that had durations of up to 10 h, landsliding did not occur until rainfall intensity was as much as three times as high as the rainfall intensity reported as sufficient to trigger landsliding in temperate regions. As storm durations approach 100 h, the rainfall conditions necessary to initiate landsliding in Puerto Rico converge with those defined for temperate regions. A comparison of the Puerto Rico threshold with rainfall data from other humid-tropical regions suggests that the threshold developed for Puerto Rico may be applicable to other similar environments throughout the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/521049","issn":"04353676","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Simon, A., 1993, Rainfall-threshold conditions for landslides in a humid-tropical system: Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, v. 75A, no. 1/2, p. 13-23, https://doi.org/10.2307/521049.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75A","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e3ae4b07e28b664dbf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, Andrew","contributorId":78334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018222,"text":"70018222 - 1993 - Geochemical evaluation of upper cretaceous fruitland formation coals, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-13T15:46:15.783786","indexId":"70018222","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evaluation of upper cretaceous fruitland formation coals, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado","docAbstract":"Geochemical analyses of coal samples from the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado were used to determine thermal maturity, type of kerogen, and hydrocarbon generation potential. Mean random vitrinite reflectance (%Rm) of the Fruitland coal ranges from 0.42 to 1.54%. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data and saturated to aromatic hydrocarbon ratio indicate that the onset of thermal hydrocarbon generation begins at about 0.60% Rm and peak generation occurs at about 0.85% Rm. Several samples have hydrogen index values between 200 and 400, indicating some potential for liquid hydrocarbon generation and a mixed Type III and II kerogen. Pentacyclic and tricyclic terpanes, steranes, aromatic steroids and methylphenanthrene maturity parameters were observed through the complete range of thermal maturity in the Fruitland coals. Aromatic pentacyclic terpanes, similar to those found in brown coals of Australia, were observed in low maturity samples, but not found above 0.80% Rm.
N-alkane depleted coal samples, which occur at a thermal maturity of approx. 0.90% Rm, paralleling peak hydrocarbon generation, are fairly widespread throughout the basin. Depletion of n-alkanes in these samples may be due to gas solution stripping and migration fromthe coal seams coincident with the development of pressure induced fracturing due to hydrocarbon generation; however, biodegradation may also effect these samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(93)90094-R","usgsCitation":"Michael, G., Anders, D., and Law, B.E., 1993, Geochemical evaluation of upper cretaceous fruitland formation coals, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 4, p. 475-498, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(93)90094-R.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"498","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.7977938552151,\n 37.477854602653835\n ],\n [\n -107.7977938552151,\n 36.27389433503778\n ],\n [\n -105.58954190209035,\n 36.27389433503778\n ],\n [\n -105.58954190209035,\n 37.477854602653835\n ],\n [\n -107.7977938552151,\n 37.477854602653835\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1629e4b0c8380cd5507d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, G.E.","contributorId":63456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anders, D.E.","contributorId":28960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Law, B. E.","contributorId":17586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70128293,"text":"70128293 - 1993 - Instream flows according to the ASCE model state water code","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T11:22:47","indexId":"70128293","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-05T11:21:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Instream flows according to the ASCE model state water code","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Water management in the '90s: a time for innovation: proceedings of the 20th anniversary conference","conferenceTitle":"Water management in the '90s: a time for innovation","conferenceDate":"1993-05-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Sherk, G.W., and Lamb, B.L., 1993, Instream flows according to the ASCE model state water code, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500aee4b0a4f4b46a23a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherk, G. W.","contributorId":73519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherk","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":71907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186717,"text":"70186717 - 1993 - Northward displacements of forearc slivers in the Coast Ranges of California and Southwest Oregon during the late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T14:40:01","indexId":"70186717","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Northward displacements of forearc slivers in the Coast Ranges of California and Southwest Oregon during the late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic","docAbstract":"North American-Farallon-Kula plate motion data, combined with estimated strikeslip displacements obtained from the obliquity of convergence along active circumPacific subduction zones, can be used to estimate the amount of strike-slip displacement along the forearc region of western North America. This evidence suggests a minumum of 500 km and maximum of 1600 km displacement with respect to the Farallon plate, and a minumum of 1600 km and a maximum of 4900 km with respect to the Kula plate (or some equivalent) from Late Jurassic to middle Eocene (145 Ma to 43 Ma). These displacements are consistent with pre-middle Eocene displacements of paleoforearc strata (Franciscan Complex, Great Valley sequence and related units), inferred from pa 1eomagnetic, petrologic, stratigraphic, and conglomerate pebble data. Tentative restorations suggest that the Elk outlier and Snow Camp terrane of southwest Oregon have affinities with the southern Klamath Mountains of northern California; that the Gold Beach terrane of southwest Oregon has affinities with central or southern California; that the Healdsburg terrane of the San Francisco area has affinities with southern California; that other Franciscan rocks of the San Francisco area have affinities with central or southern California; and that the Nacimiento block has affinities with the Peninsular Ranges or Vizcaino area of Baja California. These tentative correlations suggest about 600-1000 km of right-lateral displacement between Early Cretaceous and middle Eocene time which can be entirely accommodated by Farallon plate motions and (or) represent minimal displacement with respect to Kula plate motions (or some equivalent).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mesozoic paleogeography of the Western United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists","usgsCitation":"Jayko, A.S., and Blake, M., 1993, Northward displacements of forearc slivers in the Coast Ranges of California and Southwest Oregon during the late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic, chap. of Mesozoic paleogeography of the Western United States, p. 19-36.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"19","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a54ce4b09da6799d63f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":27094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186698,"text":"70186698 - 1993 - Chronostratigraphic assignment of volcanopelagic strata above the Coast Range Ophiolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T11:09:47","indexId":"70186698","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chronostratigraphic assignment of volcanopelagic strata above the Coast Range Ophiolite","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mesozoic paleogeography of the Western United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists","usgsCitation":"Hull, D., Pessagno, E., Blome, C., Hopson, C., and Munoz, I., 1993, Chronostratigraphic assignment of volcanopelagic strata above the Coast Range Ophiolite, chap. of Mesozoic paleogeography of the Western United States, p. 157-169.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"157","endPage":"169","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a54ce4b09da6799d63f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dunne, G.C.","contributorId":38235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690313,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hull, D.M.","contributorId":190676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hull","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pessagno, E.A. Jr.","contributorId":69389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pessagno","given":"E.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blome, C.D.","contributorId":60647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hopson, C.A.","contributorId":13244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Munoz, I.M.","contributorId":190675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munoz","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187229,"text":"70187229 - 1993 - Evidence for subduction of a major ocean plate along the California margin during the Middle to Early Late Jurassic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T14:40:43","indexId":"70187229","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evidence for subduction of a major ocean plate along the California margin during the Middle to Early Late Jurassic","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mesozoic paleogeographyof the Western United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists","usgsCitation":"Murchey, B., and Blake, M., 1993, Evidence for subduction of a major ocean plate along the California margin during the Middle to Early Late Jurassic, chap. of Mesozoic paleogeographyof the Western United States, p. 1-17.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c2e4b0c2e071a99bce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murchey, B.L.","contributorId":93074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":27094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186620,"text":"70186620 - 1993 - U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Emigrant Gap Composite Pluton, Northern Sierra Nevada, California: Implications for the Nevadan Orogeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T11:14:14","indexId":"70186620","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Emigrant Gap Composite Pluton, Northern Sierra Nevada, California: Implications for the Nevadan Orogeny","docAbstract":"The undeformed Emigrant Gap composite pluton postdates the Lower to Middle Jurassic Sailor Canyon and Middle Jurassic Tuttle Lake Formations. According to earlier workers, these latter
formations contain main and late phase Nevadan-aged (155 +/-3 Ma) spaced, slaty, phyllitic, and crenulation cleavage. Recently discovered fossils indicate that the upper part of the Sailor Canyon Formation can be no older than early Bajocian and no younger than Bathonian. The Tuttle Lake Formation stratigraphically overlies the Sailor Canyon Formation and thus probably includes middle to late Bajocian and/or Bathonian strata.
The results of U-Pb work suggest that the Emigrant Gap composite pluton is composed of units that range in age from 168 +/-2 Ma (latest Bathonian to early Callovian) to 163-164 Ma (late Callovian). These new data, when combined with observations summarized above, imply that the Tuttle Lake Formation is older than the undeformed oldest unit of the Emigrant Gap composite pluton (i.e., latest Bathonian or early Callovian), and thus was probably deposited and deformed sometime between middle Bajocian and middle late Bathonian time. Hence, the cleavage contained within the Sailor Canyon and Tuttle Lake Formations could not have formed during the Late Jurassic Nevadan orogeny 155 +/-3 Ma as suggested by earlier workers.
Within the foothills belt, just to the west of the Emigrant Gap composite pluton, a pronounced contractional deformation occurred sometime between 200 and 163 Ma (Early to Middle Jurassic). This middle Mesozoic deformation apparently was the result of a collision between an oceanic arc and continental North America. Because of the gross similarity in timing of structures produced during this collision and structures in the wall rocks of the Emigrant Gap composite pluton, we suggest that the latter Middle Jurassic structures are also the result of arc-continent collision, albeit a slightly more continentward expression.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mesozoic paleogeography of the Western United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Girty, G.H., Yoshinobu, S., Wracher, M., Girty, M., Bryan, K., Skinner, J., McNulty, B., Bracchi, K., Harwood, D.S., and Hanson, R., 1993, U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Emigrant Gap Composite Pluton, Northern Sierra Nevada, California: Implications for the Nevadan Orogeny, chap. of Mesozoic paleogeography of the Western United States, p. 323-332.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"323","endPage":"332","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75408e4b09da6799c0c96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Girty, G. H.","contributorId":116569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girty","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yoshinobu, S.","contributorId":190624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoshinobu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wracher, M.D.","contributorId":190625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wracher","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Girty, M.S.","contributorId":190626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Girty","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bryan, K.A.","contributorId":190627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryan","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skinner, J.E.","contributorId":190628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNulty, B.A.","contributorId":190629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNulty","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bracchi, K.A.","contributorId":190630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bracchi","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harwood, D. S.","contributorId":48937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hanson, R.E.","contributorId":75349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70243548,"text":"70243548 - 1993 - Drilling successful from ROV Ventana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T14:08:49.473306","indexId":"70243548","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-04T08:35:06","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drilling successful from ROV Ventana","docAbstract":"Cores of granite and deformed sediment from the walls of Monterey Canyon were successfully recovered from December 30 to 31, 1992, by Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's (MBARI) Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Ventana using a small-diameter, double-barrel drill with a diamond bit. This HSTR (Holloway-Stakes-Tengdin-Rajcula) drill was developed to drill cores horizontally from sulfide/sulfate walls of active black smokers. The drill was first successfully used by the submersible Alvin in October 1991 to drill into massive sulfide chimneys, on the Juan de Fuca Ridge (Eos, June 30, 1992, p. 273), and it was subsequently used with equal success on the chalcopyrite-rich chimneys from 21°N and 9°N on the East Pacific Rise. The recent December dives, however, marked the first time that drilling has ever been attempted from the smaller ROV and the first time coring into the harder igneous rock substrate has been attempted.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93EO00275","usgsCitation":"Stakes, D., McFarlane, J.A., Holloway, G.L., and Greene, H., 1993, Drilling successful from ROV Ventana: Eos Science News, v. 74, no. 18, p. 210-211, https://doi.org/10.1029/93EO00275.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"211","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay, Monterey Canyon, Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.68098616166509,\n 36.92499203947433\n ],\n [\n -122.68098616166509,\n 36.681267810797536\n ],\n [\n -121.78252661713634,\n 36.681267810797536\n ],\n [\n -121.78252661713634,\n 36.92499203947433\n ],\n [\n -122.68098616166509,\n 36.92499203947433\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stakes, D.S.","contributorId":103792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stakes","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarlane, James A. R.","contributorId":305317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFarlane","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holloway, G. Leon","contributorId":305318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holloway","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":78669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135886,"text":"70135886 - 1993 - First results of a deep tow CHIRP sonar seafloor imaging system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T09:21:15","indexId":"70135886","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-03T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"First results of a deep tow CHIRP sonar seafloor imaging system","docAbstract":"The latest and most innovative technology has been applied towards the development of a full-ocean depth multi-sensor sonar system using linear swept-FM (Chirp) technology. The seafloor imaging system (SIS- 7000) described herein uses Chirp sidescan sonar to provide high resolution imagery at long range, and Chirp subbottom sonar to provide high resolution profiles in both the near bottom and deeper subbottom. The tow vehicle contains a suite of full-ocean depth instrumentation for measuring various oceanographic parameters and for monitoring vehicle status. Top side systems include a sonar display and data logging system as well as real-time sensor status display and tow vehicle control system. This paper will present an overview of this system, describe its technology and capabilities, and present some initial results.
","conferenceTitle":"Offshore Technology 25th Annual Conference","conferenceDate":"05/03/1993","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers","publisherLocation":"Richardson, TX","doi":"10.4043/7115-MS","usgsCitation":"Parent, M., Fang, C., O’Brien, T.F., and Danforth, W.W., 1993, First results of a deep tow CHIRP sonar seafloor imaging system, Offshore Technology 25th Annual Conference, Houston, TX, 05/03/1993, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.4043/7115-MS.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b9ee4b08de9379b3433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parent, M.","contributorId":105933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parent","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fang, Changle","contributorId":131031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fang","given":"Changle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, Thomas F. 0000-0003-0906-8450 tobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-8450","contributorId":4151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Thomas","email":"tobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70243608,"text":"70243608 - 1993 - Concentrations, distribution, and sources of selenium from irrigated lands in western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-13T21:52:48.349211","indexId":"70243608","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-01T16:43:34","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2362,"text":"Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations, distribution, and sources of selenium from irrigated lands in western United States","docAbstract":"Concentrations, distribution, and sources of selenium from irrigated lands were studied between 1986 and 1990 at 20 reconnaissance project areas in 17 western states under the Department of Interior's National Irrigation Water Quality Program. Samples of water, bottom sediment, whole‐body fish, and bird livers for analysis of selenium concentrations were collected before, during, and after irrigation season from streams, canals, lakes, and ground water in each project area. Selenium concentrations in water ranged from less than the detection limit of 1 μg/L in 42% of the 586 samples collected to 4,800 μg/L from a well in the Pine River Area, in southern Colorado. Selenium concentrations in 223 samples of bottom sediment ranged from less than the detection limit of 0.1 μg/g to 85 μg/g in a sample from the Middle Green River Basin, in Utah. Selenium concentrations in whole‐body fish (all species) ranged from 0.1 μg to 50 μg per gram dry weight, with the maximum concentration observed in a carp from the Gunnison River Basin, in western Colorado. Selenium concentrations in bird livers (all species) ranged from less than 0.32 μg to 170 μg per gram dry weight with the maximum concentration observed in the liver of an avocet from the Kendrick Reclamation Project, in Wyoming. Cretaceous‐age marine shales probably are the original sources for selenium in 16 of the 20 areas studied. In several areas, evaporative concentration of applied irrigation water and drainage of this water to wetlands, canals, streams, and lakes appears to be responsible for elevated concentrations of selenium.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:3(522)","usgsCitation":"Engberg, R., and Sylvester, M.A., 1993, Concentrations, distribution, and sources of selenium from irrigated lands in western United States: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, v. 119, no. 3, p. 522-536, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:3(522).","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"536","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison River Basin, Kendrick Reclamation Project, Middle Green River Basin, Pine 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\"}}]}","volume":"119","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engberg, R. A.","contributorId":104876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engberg","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sylvester, M. A.","contributorId":10838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sylvester","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199778,"text":"70199778 - 1993 - An improved method for quantifying soil macroporosity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-28T13:17:55","indexId":"70199778","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-01T15:51:34","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved method for quantifying soil macroporosity","docAbstract":"Quantitative information on macroporosity is needed to predict water flow and solute transport in field soils. A method was developed for determining the number, shape, and size distribution of soil macropores. Horizontal serial sections sawed from paraffin-impregnated soil cores were photographed under ultraviolet (UV) light. Anthracene, mixed with the paraffin, fluoresces a bright bluish white under UV light and provides a sharp contrast between the soil matrix and the paraffin-filled pore space. Section photographs were converted to 256 level, grey-scale digital images using a flat-bed scanner. Image processing was used to classify each pixel in a digital image as pore space or soil matrix, to group the pore space pixels into pores, and to measure the area and perimeter of each pore. The method was able to measure pores with an equivalent radius ≥85 µm. Macroporosity in soil cores sampled form a tillage path and from an adjacent, undisturbed (notill) region was quantified. Tillage sections contained, on the average, 9.4 macropores/cm2 with an equivalent macroporosity of 8%, while no-till sections contained 0.8 macropores/cm2 with an equivalent macroporosity of 0.3%. Computed intrinsic permeabilities for tillage sections that included macropore information were significantly larger than values computed using micropore information alone, suggesting that macropores must be included in permeability calculations when the number of macropores is large. The developed method should be useful for quantifying macroporosity in nonskeletal soils.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700030030x","usgsCitation":"Vermeul, V.R., Istok, J., Flint, A.L., and Pikul, J., 1993, An improved method for quantifying soil macroporosity: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 57, no. 3, p. 809-816, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700030030x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"816","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a37e4b034bf6a819624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vermeul, V. R.","contributorId":208290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vermeul","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Istok, J.D.","contributorId":34165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Istok","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pikul, J.L.","contributorId":208262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pikul","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207760,"text":"70207760 - 1993 - Body composition of wintering canvasbacks in Louisiana: Dominance and survival implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T13:59:47","indexId":"70207760","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-01T13:54:14","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body composition of wintering canvasbacks in Louisiana: Dominance and survival implications","docAbstract":"I studied effects of sex, age, and month on body mass and composition of Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) at Catahoula Lake (CL) and the Mississippi River Delta (MRD), Louisiana, in winter 1987-1988. Size-adjusted body mass and fat varied by age, month, and site. Fat levels in immatures were greater at MRD than at CL, but changed similarly at both sites. Adults at MRD were also fatter than those at CL in early winter, especially in December, but fat levels of all birds increased from early to late winter and were equivalent by late winter. Body protein adjusted for structural size varied by age, month, and site, and sex, month, and site. Protein levels by site were higher in adults and males than in immatures and females, but sex- and age-related differences averaged <11 g (5%). Changes in size-adjusted leg muscle protein (index of feeding activity) and body fat were positively associated. This relation (my measure of feeding efficiency) was not affected by sex or age of Canvasbacks, implying that all birds at CL or MRD fed at similar efficiencies by month. At both sites, females were fatter than males; thus, although males were larger and potentially dominant to females, it appears that females were not disadvantaged in their acquisition of nutrients during the year of study. Body mass of CL and MRD birds in winter 1987-1988 was greater than that of Canvasbacks wintering elsewhere. If overwinter and annual survival of Canvasbacks are related to their relative body mass during winter, then survival probabilities of CL and MRD birds may be high compared to other wintering populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369360","usgsCitation":"Hohman, W.L., 1993, Body composition of wintering canvasbacks in Louisiana: Dominance and survival implications: Condor, v. 95, no. 2, p. 377-387, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369360.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"387","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Catahoula Lake, Mississippi River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.23846435546875,\n 31.423975737976697\n ],\n [\n -91.99676513671875,\n 31.423975737976697\n ],\n [\n -91.99676513671875,\n 31.59959193922864\n ],\n [\n -92.23846435546875,\n 31.59959193922864\n ],\n [\n -92.23846435546875,\n 31.423975737976697\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.92260742187499,\n 29.065772888415406\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 29.065772888415406\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 30.987027960280326\n ],\n [\n -91.92260742187499,\n 30.987027960280326\n ],\n [\n -91.92260742187499,\n 29.065772888415406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hohman, William L.","contributorId":73141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169047,"text":"70169047 - 1993 - A Geographic Information System procedure to quantify drainage-basin characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T10:55:48","indexId":"70169047","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A Geographic Information System procedure to quantify drainage-basin characteristics","docAbstract":"The Basin Characteristics System (BCS) has been developed to quantify characteristics of a drainage basin. The first of four main BCS processing steps creates four geographic information system (GIS) digital maps representing the drainage divide, the drainage network, elevation contours, and the basin length. The drainage divide and basin length are manually digitized from 1:250,000-scale topographic maps. The drainage network is extracted using GIS software from 1:100,000-scale digital line graph data. The elevation contours are generated using GIS software from 1:250,000-scale digital elevation model data. The second and third steps use software developed to assign attributes to specific features in three of the four digital maps and analyze the four maps to quantify 24 morphometric basin characteristics. The fourth step quantifies two climatic characteristics from digitized State maps of precipitation data.
\nCompared to manual methods of measurement, the BCS provides a reduction in the time required to quantify the 26 basin characteristics. Comparison tests indicate the BCS measurements are not significantly different from manual topographic-map measurements for 11 of 12 primary drainage-basin characteristics. Tests indicate the BCS significantly underestimates basin slope. Comparison-measurement differences for basin slope, main channel slope, and basin relief appear to be due to limitations in the digital elevation model data.
\nStrong offshore winds in early 1989 produced a shore polynya that reached along the entire north coast of Alaska and eastward beyond the mouth of the Mackenzie River in Canada. From January through April, this open water periodically exposed the shelf to sediment entrainment by suspension freezing. This process requires turbulence and supercooled water, which results in the formation of frazil and anchor ice. The resulting granular, sediment-laden ice was observed to extend over 100 km seaward of the outer continental shelf after having been advected offshore. It was sampled to determine sediment type and to quantify the particle load. The particle size was mainly silt and clay, with local admixtures of as much as 27% sand and coarser clasts. Melted ice samples contained from 31 to nearly 600 mg L-1 of sediment. Combining these data with over 400 km of shipboard and aerial observations, photographs, and computer analysis of a summer Landsat image, we estimated the sediment load per unit area of sea ice. Seaward of the shelf, in regions of dense pack ice, a conservatively estimated sediment load was over 289 t km-2. Using a westward summer drift rate of 3 cm s-1, the sediment transport through a 1-km-long north-south segment is 67,418 t during 3 mo. In terms of regional sediment dynamics (littoral transport estimated at 10,000 t during the same period) and sediment budget (continental denudation estimated at 10 t km-2 during the same period), this number is very significant. Benthic microfossils indicate that bottom sediment incorporated in the ice came from water depths ranging from the inner neritic seaward to 50 m. The large load of shelf-derived sediment observed seaward of the continental shelf indicates that ice entrainment and transport cause shelf erosion. Nothing is known about sediment release over the Arctic Ocean Basin from these pulses of dirty ice that are periodically introduced into the Transpolar Drift.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2307/1551544","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., McCormick, M., McDougall-Reid, K., and Brouwers, E.M., 1993, Sediment export by ice rafting from a coastal Polynya, Arctic Alaska, U.S.A.: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 25, no. 2, p. 83-98, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551544.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.1893628235785,\n 68.8510799545711\n ],\n [\n -165.7927784937305,\n 68.60302294479024\n ],\n [\n -163.59571757549665,\n 68.45306559682152\n ],\n [\n -162.10797619040798,\n 69.25615394607448\n ],\n [\n -157.08199600571925,\n 70.07554650332517\n ],\n [\n -151.61365855031693,\n 69.51002606358901\n ],\n [\n -148.49371558067688,\n 69.28203829095418\n ],\n [\n -146.08719200955667,\n 69.23274785479458\n ],\n [\n -142.86278578656948,\n 69.5068404646222\n ],\n [\n -140.99468181589384,\n 69.07584879432568\n ],\n [\n -141.0126515770738,\n 69.62138774277821\n ],\n [\n -140.17191729737542,\n 71.55828011520083\n ],\n [\n -142.89846249283258,\n 71.71808353148506\n ],\n [\n -158.7712581652307,\n 73.17888787382822\n ],\n [\n -166.19595621130796,\n 71.98411374590395\n ],\n [\n -168.2196648555574,\n 69.9431467369302\n ],\n [\n -166.1893628235785,\n 68.8510799545711\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Michael","contributorId":18791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDougall-Reid, Kristin 0000-0001-6026-0718 kris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-0718","contributorId":1942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall-Reid","given":"Kristin","email":"kris@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brouwers, Elisabeth M. brouwers@usgs.gov","contributorId":190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouwers","given":"Elisabeth","email":"brouwers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70128720,"text":"70128720 - 1993 - Conceptual model for quantifying pre-smolt production from flow-dependent physical habitat and water temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T13:47:36","indexId":"70128720","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-01T10:36:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3246,"text":"Regulated Rivers: Research & Management","printIssn":"0886-9375","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conceptual model for quantifying pre-smolt production from flow-dependent physical habitat and water temperature","docAbstract":"A conceptual model has been developed to test river regulation concepts by linking physical habitat and water temperature with salmonid population and production in cold water streams. Work is in progress to examine numerous questions as part of flow evaluation and habitat restoration programmes in the Trinity River of California and elsewhere. For instance, how much change in pre-smolt chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) production in the Trinity River would result from a different annual instream allocation (i.e. up or down from 271 × 106 m3released in the late 1980s) and how much change in pre-smolt production would result from a different release pattern (i.e. different from the 8.5 m3 s−1 year-round release). The conceptual model is being used to: design, integrate and improve young-of-year population data collection efforts; test hypotheses that physical habitat significantly influences movement, growth and mortality of salmonid fishes; and analyse the relative severity of limiting factors during each life stage. The conceptual model, in conjunction with previously developed tools in the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology, should provide the means to more effectively manage a fishery resource below a regulated reservoir and to provide positive feedback to planning of annual reservoir operations.
During the past century freshwater mussel populations have declined precipitously throughout North America. Much of this loss has resulted from the construction of dams. In the Cumberland River system, 23% (22 species) of the historic mussel fauna is extinct or listed as endangered. Several additional species have either been extirpated from the Cumberland River or exist only in small, non-reproducing populations. Mussels of headwater streams have been severely affected by coal mining and poor land use practices. An intensive survey was conducted in the Caney Fork River, a major tributary to the Cumberland River, to determine the historic and extant mussel fauna. The results indicate that at least 37 species of mussels have been extirpated from the Caney Fork River, mainly as a result of the construction and operation of the Center Hill Dam. Among the species extirpated, two are now extinct, five are endangered and five are candidates for listing as threatened or endangered. Effects associated with this dam include the inundation of 102 km of riverine habitat, the discharge of hypolimnetic water (which limits mussel reproduction) and an alternating pattern of stream bed scouring and dewatering. The recognition of mussel life history requirements during preconstruction could have reduced many of these effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rrr.3450080110","usgsCitation":"Layzer, J.B., Gordon, M.E., and Anderson, R., 1993, Mussels: The forgotten fauna of regulated rivers. A case study of the Caney Fork River: Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 8, no. 1-2, p. 63-71, https://doi.org/10.1002/rrr.3450080110.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Caney Fork River","volume":"8","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b2ce4b0fd76af69cf1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Layzer, James B. jim_layzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layzer","given":"James","email":"jim_layzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":503103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, Mark E.","contributorId":94616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Robert M.","contributorId":38490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70128508,"text":"70128508 - 1993 - Harvesting and replenishment policies for renewable natural resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T09:13:29","indexId":"70128508","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-01T09:12:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Harvesting and replenishment policies for renewable natural resources","docAbstract":"The current paper links the optimal intertemporal use of renewable natural resources to the harvesting activities of various economic agents. Previous contributions cite market forces as a causative factor inducing the extirpation of renewable natural resources. The analysis given here discusses investment in the stock of renewable resources and cites important examples of this activity. By introducing joint harvesting and replenishment strategies into a model of renewable resource use, the analysis adds descriptive reality and relevance to positive and normative discussions of renewable natural resource use. A high price for the yield or a high discount rate tend to diminish the size of the optimum stationary stock of the resource with a non-replenishment harvesting strategy. Optimal non-replenishment harvesting strategies for renewable natural resources will exhaustion or extirpation of the resource if the price of the yield or the discount rate are sufficiently large. However, the availability of a replenishment technology and the use of replenishment activities tends to buffer the resource against exhaustion or extirpation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1006/jema.1993.1027","usgsCitation":"Douglas, A.J., and Johnson, R., 1993, Harvesting and replenishment policies for renewable natural resources: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 38, no. 1, p. 27-42, https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.1993.1027.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295108,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1993.1027"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3bae4b08a816ca6365a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, Aaron J.","contributorId":76243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":105248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}